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SOC 17-3023 · O*NET 17-3023.00
Typically under the guidance of engineering staff, turning the object and drawing version, engineering instructions, instrument conditions, raw readings, deviations, authorized changes, retests, and acceptance status into a traceable closed loop.
Model impact index for three equally weighted representative core tasks; not a measured share of working time or a job-loss probability. floor((75+25+50)/3+0.5)=50; fermatmind-ai-impact-v1; 2026-10-18.
Observable signals: check the object version; keep every reading; do not let an average mask an out-of-range value; stop and escalate when the electrical state, instrument, instructions, or authorization are unclear.
Direct judgment: this job is not about “being able to read a circuit,” but about closing the loop among object, version, engineering instructions, instrument conditions, raw readings, deviations, changes, retests, and acceptance status.
Reference answer: the mean of 5.09V cannot offset the 5.18V reading that is 0.08V out of range, and the identity is contradictory; the record is not closed, so it should be isolated and escalated, and must not be adjusted or released.
Occupational boundary: O*NET 17-3023.00, typically implementing electrical and electronic design support, build, testing, maintenance, adjustment, and recording under the guidance of engineering staff. Adjacent boundary: engineers lean toward research, design, and engineering responsibility; this occupation typically implements, tests, maintains, and produces checkable records under the guidance of engineering staff.
Checkable outputs: object ID, drawing version, configuration, instruments, conditions, readings, criteria, deviations, changes, retest, and acceptance status.
Career direction comparison
Compare work object, engineering input, responsibility boundaries, and delivery; do not substitute based on similar names or tools.
| Career direction | Core work and output | Key differences | Best-fit choice |
|---|---|---|---|
| Computer Hardware Engineers (computer-hardware-engineers) | Computer hardware engineers research, design, develop, or test computer and related equipment; this occupation has a broader scope and is typically guided by engineering staff. | Researches, designs, develops, or tests computer and related equipment and carries hardware design responsibility. | Leans more toward design and architecture; requires added hardware design education and responsibility. |
| Electrical Engineers (electrical-engineers) | Electrical engineers research, design, develop, test, or supervise the manufacturing and installation of electrical equipment and systems; this occupation focuses on implementing and verifying against engineering input. |
AI impact on this career
Conditions for adoption: object IDs, versions, data formats, instrument records, and the permission model are reliable. AI Impact Score 50% is an editorial estimate. Model impact index for three equally weighted representative core tasks; not a measured share of working time or a job-loss probability. floor((75+25+50)/3+0.5)=50; fermatmind-ai-impact-v1; 2026-10-18.The three tasks, ratings and sources are listed in the FermatMind method source record on this page.
FermatMind AI Impact Score estimation method v1
FermatMind / 费马测试 · 2026-10-18
Editorial ratings use the existing occupational responsibilities and AI task analysis on this page. They are not adoption rates, measured effects, job-disappearance or personal-unemployment probabilities, or official scores from Stanford or another external institution. No measured time weights or future robot deployment are assumed.
Chinese mainland salary reference
Insufficient evidence: the National Bureau of Statistics materials checked for this page do not provide a Mainland China national single-occupation wage percentile precisely corresponding to O*NET 17-3023.00, reaching only industry and broad job-category framing. Statistical period: the 2025 National Bureau of Statistics materials are published by industry and broad job category and cannot substitute for a precise occupation median.
Measurement framing: annual salary, monthly salary, hourly wage, overtime, allowances, and bonuses must not be mixed.
Insufficient evidence: no national single-occupation framing was obtained
Insufficient evidence: industry averages are not used to substitute for occupational wages
U.S. salary reference
Statistical period: 2025 BLS wage data.
| Framing | Value | Period | Limitations |
|---|---|---|---|
| Low end | 49,510 USD/year | 10th percentile | The low end of the distribution in the U.S. 2025 wage data; not an entry-level starting salary. |
| Median | 78,190 USD/year | 50th percentile | Half of practitioners are below and half above this value; the median hourly wage is 37.59 USD. |
| High end | 115,700 USD/year |
Career fit guide
Positive signal: proactively checks the object and drawing version, keeps every reading and condition, and stops and escalates when the electrical state or authorization is unclear.
Fit signals： Positive signal: can steadily complete supervised testing per drawings and engineering instructions and records units, conditions, and instrument status item by item.
Caution signals： Caution signal: unwilling to record measurement conditions or accept review, and prone to using an average to mask a single out-of-range point.
Verification actions： Verification action: complete this page's paper questions and do the two variants, “change the label to E-240” and “change the third reading to 5.06V”.
Work pressure and occupational boundaries
First identify five categories of risk: electrical and stored-energy state, object and version, measurement quality, energy control authorization, and acceptance boundaries.
The risks and measures are an editorial summary; O*NET supports the task context, and 1910.147 supports the hazardous energy boundary for applicable machine maintenance, not incident rates or a complete electrical work standard.
Typical scenario：The energy state is not confirmed during real wiring, testing, repair, or calibration.
Roles most affected：Electrical testing and repair position
Possible consequence：Can cause electric shock, arc flash, or equipment damage and change accident responsibility.
Entering the field, qualifications, and career development
Employer evidence: verify education and experience, test equipment training, electrical safety, energy control, engineering changes, return to service, and acceptance authorization.
Career prospects and transitions to related occupations
The U.S. outlook corresponds only to U.S. national framing and does not represent China or a specific employer or an individual's hiring probability.
United States · 17-3023.00 Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technologists and Technicians
A projected 2% increase over 2025—2035 (slower than average); employment was about 96,900 in 2025, and about 8,100 openings per year are projected over 2025—2035 (including growth and replacements).
Employment growth
Growth rate, employment size, and openings are not the same indicator.
Does not establish：A projection is not a guarantee of individual hiring.
A checkable closed loop means checking the object and drawing version, confirming engineering instructions and the test plan, checking instrument status and conditions, assembling or inspecting per authorization, recording raw readings, comparing against specifications, isolating deviations, adjusting only within authorization, retesting, and handing off to engineering or an authorized role for acceptance; tasks include reviewing engineering plans and specifications, reading blueprints, wiring diagrams, and schematics, assembling, testing, and maintaining circuits or components per engineering instructions, maintaining test operating logs, setting up test equipment, troubleshooting and repairing, modifying prototypes, and interpreting test information.
Choose a real task from this page for a small practice project or a conversation with someone in the field. Use the planning guides to set a date, an output and feedback questions before deciding whether to continue.
This is a work sample check, not a personality diagnosis or hiring conclusion.
60-minute fictional paper sample: specification 4.90—5.10V, readings 5.02, 5.08, 5.18V; asset E-204, drawing E-240; it passes only if the identity is consistent and every reading is within limits. Do not touch real circuits, instruments, or equipment.
Quality standards: consistent identity and version, clear units and conditions, every reading retained, deviations not masked, changes authorized, and retests not passed off as acceptance.
| Dimension | Primary track | Comparison track |
|---|---|---|
| Closed loop | Check the object and drawing version | |
| Step one | Confirm engineering instructions, test plan, and authorization | |
| Step two | Check instrument status and measurement conditions | |
| Step three | Assemble and test per authorization and record readings each time | |
| Step four | Compare item by item against acceptance criteria and isolate deviations | |
| Step five | Retest and record changes | |
| Step six | Hand off to engineering or an authorized role for acceptance |
Work object: electrical and electronic components, circuits, controls, machinery, drawings, engineering instructions, test equipment, and operating records.
Technical tasks: review plans and specifications, read blueprints, wiring diagrams, and schematics, and assemble, test, or maintain per engineering instructions.
Exception tasks: set up test equipment, identify faults, interpret test information, and repair or modify prototypes; actual execution is constrained by training and authorization.
The typical U.S. entry point is an associate's degree; Mainland China mostly requires a junior college or bachelor's degree in electrical, electronic, automation, or mechatronics fields; live work, energy isolation, and acceptance release are verified per work location, employer, and position authorization.
Work object and AI boundaries of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technologists and Technicians AI and digital tools can assist with drawing version comparison, bill of materials organization, log parsing, anomaly flagging, and report drafts; they cannot confirm real wiring, instrument calibration, energy state, measurement conditions, fault causes, or safe entry conditions, nor replace the final responsibility for engineering instructions, change authorization, and acceptance release.
| Researches, designs, develops, tests, or supervises the manufacturing and installation of electrical equipment and systems. |
| Leans more toward electrical system design and engineering responsibility; requires added education and specialist depth. |
| Electronics Engineers, Except Computer (electronics-engineers-except-computer) | Electronics engineers (except computer) research, design, develop, and test electronic components and systems; this occupation provides the corresponding build, test, maintenance, and recording support. | Researches, designs, develops, and tests electronic components and systems. | Leans more toward circuit and device design; requires added design tools and theory. |
|---|
| Mechanical Engineers (mechanical-engineers) | Mechanical engineers plan and design mechanical equipment; mechatronics engineers research, design, develop, and test automation, intelligent systems, and industrial controls. | Plans and designs mechanical equipment and systems. | The work object changes to mechanical systems; requires added materials and mechanics fundamentals. |
|---|
| Mechatronics Engineers (mechatronics-engineers) | Researches, designs, develops, or tests automation, intelligent systems, and industrial controls, combining mechanical with electrical, electronic, and software. | Leans more toward automation and system integration design responsibility. | Similar direction but more focused on control systems; requires added system design. |
|---|
| Electrical and Electronics Drafters (electrical-and-electronics-drafters) | Uses CAD and drafting specifications to draft and revise electrical and electronic system drawings and documents. | Mainly drawing and document delivery, without implementation or testing responsibility. | Leans more toward drafting and document standards; requires added standards and CAD specialization. |
|---|
Adjacent occupations differ in design responsibility, authorization, and education, and theory, tools, and responsibility evidence must be added separately; they cannot be substituted just because the tools are the same.
Use observable deliverables next to verify the direction.
First distinguish tasks that can be assisted (version comparison, log parsing, difference flagging) from judgments that technicians must make.
A tool or model demonstration does not equal organizational adoption; object versions, instrument data, and the permission model must be reliable and human-reviewed.
A layoff timeline, displacement rate, or net job change cannot be derived from task exposure.
| Work area | Task | Current change | Human control point |
|---|---|---|---|
| Inputs and versions | Compare drawing and BOM versions | Editorial trial suggestion: compare drawing/BOM versions, parse logs, and flag anomalies in an authorized environment; keep raw readings and conditions and measure actual accuracy and time on task. No actual adoption rate or efficiency measurement was taken this round. | Return to the original drawings, engineering instructions, and physical object to check versions. |
| Testing and recording | Set up instruments and organize readings | Conditions for adoption: object ID, version, data format, instrument records, and the permission model are reliable and have been human-reviewed. | Keep every raw reading, unit, and measurement condition. |
| Debugging and troubleshooting | Locate deviations and reproduce anomalies | Can assist: historical fault retrieval and hypothesis listing. | Technicians confirm the real wiring, instrument status, and fault causality. |
| Changes and retesting | Carry out authorized changes and retest | Not automatically authorized | Carry out per engineering instructions and change orders, and hand off to an authorized role after retesting. |
| Safety and authorization | Energy isolation and work permits | Not automatically authorized | Escalate per the employer's energy control procedures and work permits. |
| Acceptance and delivery | Produce traceable technical records | May assist with organizing | Acceptance and release are confirmed by engineering or an authorized role. |
| Boundaries and anomalies | Identify version, unit, and status conflicts | Conditions for adoption: object IDs, versions, data formats, instrument records, and the permission model are reliable. | Stop and escalate on discovering an out-of-range value or an unclear status. |
Data threshold: retain raw readings, units, conditions, configuration, personnel, and time.
Human control: verify the physical object, wiring, instruments, and measurement conditions, and reproduce anomalies.
AI primarily changesInformation organization
Human responsibility remainsResponsibility and authorization
AI primarily changesRetrieval and review
Human responsibility remainsRaw record verification
Residual responsibility: tools cannot confirm the true energy state, safe entry conditions, or fault causality.
Confirm the source, permission, and version.
Assist only within known bounds.
The responsible person reviews the output.
Stop immediately on anomalies and report.
Amplifies erroneous conclusions.
Control: Check the original materials.
Changes the responsibility boundary.
Control: Handle per the authorization chain.
May miss exceptions.
Control: Retain human judgment.
Practice with checkable work samples.
Keep process and failure records.
Define permissions and stop conditions first.
A job elimination date cannot be derived from task exposure.
Source: 17-3023.00 - Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technologists and TechniciansOriginal source ↗
Limit it first to information organization and record verification.
Source: Digital tool boundariesEditorial suggestion, with no external links or adoption-effect evidence
Key judgments, responsibility determinations, and stop-and-escalate decisions.
Source: Digital tool boundariesEditorial suggestion, with no external links or adoption-effect evidence
Failure risks: wrong version, wrong units, logs mixed across objects, averages masking out-of-range values, or automatic release.
Insufficient evidence: a single quote is not used to substitute for occupational wages
Insufficient evidence: no national single-occupation framing was obtained
| Position or scope | Pay and disclosure situation | Scope of application and gaps |
|---|---|---|
| Entry requirements | Technician and technologist positions | Education, discipline, and experience are checked per specific position; no Chinese national education distribution for this occupation was obtained, so a unified junior college or bachelor's requirement is not generalized. |
| On-the-job training | Testing and instruments | Drawing reading, test instruments, programmable controllers, and automation tools deepen with the position and equipment. |
| Safety and authorization | Organizational rules | Live work, energy isolation, and return-to-service authorization are verified per organizational safety rules and work permits. |
| Occupation-level wage framing | National single occupation | Insufficient evidence: no national single-occupation framing was obtained. |
Non-private 113,594／private 76,055 yuan/year (pre-tax average)
Covers different manufacturing occupations; it is not an electrical equipment sub-industry or a technician wage median.
Insufficient evidence: no national single-occupation framing was obtained
Differences by position and region are pronounced.
Non-private 182,064／private 83,560 yuan/year (pre-tax average)
A broad-scope proxy for design service settings, not a technician occupational wage or take-home income.
Use in job seeking: hold region, industry, shift, education and experience, travel, protective measures, instrument responsibility, overtime, and benefits constant.
| 90th percentile |
| The 90th percentile is a statistical position, not experience, job level, an income cap, or an authorization level; a national distribution cannot be used to infer an individual quote. |
U.S. median wage：78,190 USD/year (37.59 USD/hour, May 2025)；O*NET OnLine — National wages for 17-3023.00
U.S. low-end wage：49,510 USD/year (10th percentile, May 2025)；O*NET OnLine — National wages for 17-3023.00
U.S. high-end wage：115,700 USD/year (90th percentile, May 2025)；O*NET OnLine — National wages for 17-3023.00
U.S. wage units：USD/year; USD/hour；O*NET OnLine — National wages for 17-3023.00
U.S. wage period：May 2025；O*NET OnLine — National wages for 17-3023.00
U.S. precise occupation 17-3023.00, framed as BLS May 2025 wages and the 2025—2035 projection.
No; Chinese and U.S. occupational framings are not automatically equivalent.
No; the median is not a starting salary, and job openings are not net gains.
Use it together with industry (manufacturing, professional and technical services), region, employer, and equipment direction.
| Industry | Annual wage median for this occupation within industries (USD/year) | How to interpret |
|---|---|---|
| Utilities | 99,720 USD/year (May 2025 median) | The annual wage median for this occupation in that industry, not the average of all occupations in the industry. |
| Federal government | 89,970 USD/year (May 2025 median) | The annual wage median for this occupation in that industry, not the average of all occupations in the industry. |
| Engineering services | 76,900 USD/year (May 2025 median) | The annual wage median for this occupation in that industry, not the average of all occupations in the industry. |
| Navigational, measuring, electromedical, and control instruments manufacturing | 75,180 USD/year (May 2025 median) | The annual wage median for this occupation in that industry, not the average of all occupations in the industry. |
Checked against the precise occupational code 17-3023.00.
Checked against the source region.
Checked against the 2025 wage data and the 2025—2035 projection.
BLS OOH — Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technologists and Technicians
BLS OOH — Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technologists and Technicians
BLS OOH — Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technologists and Technicians
O*NET occupational interest baseline
Official interest code RIC (Realistic, Investigative, Conventional): hands-on work with instruments and equipment, analysis and troubleshooting against engineering input, and recording and checking data per standards.
Interests only suggest directions to explore; actual fit is verified through checkable test records, safety boundaries, and supervised performance.
Can you link engineering input, measurement conditions, deviations, and retests into a traceable chain?
Use a checkable test record and deviation form to verify whether engineering input — measurement — deviation — retest are linked into a chain.
Do not use it this way: Not used for personality diagnosis or hiring conclusions.
Start the career interest testCan you retain every reading, unit, version, and change record over the long term?
Use a record sheet covering one continuous week to verify willingness to maintain raw readings, units, versions, and change records.
Do not use it this way: Not used for personality diagnosis or hiring conclusions.
Start the career interest testWould you rather do instrument testing and troubleshooting, or drawing and document organization?
Preference descriptions are not capability conclusions: use actual testing and troubleshooting tasks to observe whether you prefer instrument operation or drawing and document organization.
Do not use it this way: Preference descriptions are not capability conclusions.
Start the career interest testCan you accept a rhythm of supervision, authorized execution, and retest acceptance?
Check against this page's seven-day exercise or a course cycle.
Do not use it this way: Not used as a basis for hiring.
Start the career interest testCan you stop and report when an electrical state, instrument, or version anomaly is found?
Use paper anomaly scenarios to observe their order of handling and how they report.
Do not use it this way: Not used for capability scoring.
Start the career interest testCan you hand over deviations and status clearly with engineering, quality, and authorized roles?
Verify with handover summaries and feedback from collaborating parties.
Do not use it this way: Not used for a hiring conclusion.
Start the career interest testFits better when: Likes to interrogate circuits, interfaces, and device design reasons starting from measurement and testing.
Watch for: Requires added hardware system design, education, and engineering responsibility; a technician sample does not equal engineer qualification.
Explore related career: Computer Hardware Engineers (computer-hardware-engineers)Fits better when: Willing to deepen electrical principles, calculations, and engineering documentation.
Watch for: Requires added electrical system design and analysis; instrument operation does not automatically authorize engineering sealing.
Explore related career: Electrical Engineers (electrical-engineers)Fits better when: Willing to deepen analog/digital circuits, device selection, and system verification.
Watch for: Requires added circuit design and engineering responsibility; collaborative handover alone is not enough.
Explore related career: Electronics Engineers, Except Computer (electronics-engineers-except-computer)Fits better when: Willing to add mechanical structures, materials, and mechanics and take on cross-discipline design.
Watch for: Common ground in testing and drawings does not substitute for mechanical design fundamentals.
Explore related career: Mechanical Engineers (mechanical-engineers)Fits better when: Willing to analyze controls, sensors, actuators, and mechanical systems together.
Watch for: Requires added system integration design and verification; tolerance under schedule pressure alone does not prove fit.
Explore related career: Mechatronics Engineers (mechatronics-engineers)Fits better when: Willing to deepen CAD, symbols, annotations, and version and file management.
Watch for: Drafting standards and drawing checking would need to be added; technician ability and drafting employment are checked separately.
Verify with paper test record and deviation form exercises.
Save raw data on record sheets and compare item by item against criteria.
Set stop and escalation conditions.
Check drawing versions, change orders, and the physical object.
Retest per review comments and keep a trail.
Verified per work location and employer.
Tools cannot confirm real wiring, energy state, or fault causality.
Complete this page's paper exercises, do the two variants, and then review the stop conditions.
How to reduce risk：Carry out per the employer's electrical safety and energy control procedures, protective measures, and position authorization applicable to the specific work; 1910.147 does not cover all electrical exposure, and this page is not an operating instruction.
Evidence：29 CFR 1910.147 - Control of hazardous energy · OSHA — 29 CFR 1910.147 The control of hazardous energy (lockout/tagout)
Typical scenario：Labels, drawings, configuration, or work order versions do not match the physical object.
Roles most affected：Assembly, testing, and drawing execution position
Possible consequence：Can lead to testing the wrong object, making conclusions incomparable and affecting release decisions.
How to reduce risk：Check the object and drawing version and, on conflict, isolate the affected work and hand it to engineering or an authorized role for confirmation.
Evidence：17-3023.00 - Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technologists and Technicians
Typical scenario：Instrument status, units, measurement conditions, or per-reading values are missing.
Roles most affected：Testing and data recording position
Possible consequence：May use an average to mask a single out-of-range point and produce a false pass conclusion.
How to reduce risk：Keep every raw reading and condition, compare item by item against acceptance criteria, and record out-of-range items separately and retest.
Evidence：17-3023.00 - Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technologists and Technicians
Typical scenario：During maintenance, unexpected energization or release of stored energy may occur while authorization is unclear.
Roles most affected：Equipment maintenance and energy isolation position
Possible consequence：In U.S. maintenance scenarios where 29 CFR 1910.147 applies, this can cause personal injury.
How to reduce risk：Follow the employer's energy control procedures, with lockout/tagout performed only by authorized personnel; the provision has scope limits and exceptions.
Evidence：29 CFR 1910.147 - Control of hazardous energy · OSHA — 29 CFR 1910.147 The control of hazardous energy (lockout/tagout)
Typical scenario：After handling a deviation, it is treated as complete without retesting or confirmation by an authorized role.
Roles most affected：Change and acceptance handover position
Possible consequence：May let unverified changes enter delivery and amplify quality and safety risk.
How to reduce risk：Retest per process and record, have engineering or an authorized role confirm acceptance, and do not release on your own beyond your authority.
Evidence：17-3023.00 - Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technologists and Technicians · BLS OOH — Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technologists and Technicians
Typical scenario：Encountering wiring, energization, change, or release tasks beyond your authorized scope.
Roles most affected：Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technologists and Technicians
Possible consequence：Can cause irreversible safety or compliance consequences.
How to reduce risk：Stop the affected steps, record the status, and escalate per the employer's authorization chain.
Evidence：29 CFR 1910.147 - Control of hazardous energy · OSHA — 29 CFR 1910.147 The control of hazardous energy (lockout/tagout)
| Entry role | Initial tasks | Boundary | evidence | next_step |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Supervised test assistant | Sets up instruments, tests per engineering instructions, and records readings each time. | Does not release independently or represent engineering judgment. | Test records, deviation forms, and mentorship comments. | Independently completes routine testing and is subject to review. |
| Electrical and electronics technician | Assembles, tests, and maintains circuits or components per drawings and instructions. | Modifications and changes require engineering instructions and authorization. | Drawing versions, change orders, and retest records. | Takes on supervised troubleshooting and maintenance. |
| Field test and maintenance technician | Commissioning, troubleshooting, and maintenance on site with status recording. | Live work and energy control are carried out per work permits. | Work permits, energy control, and retest records. | Takes on changes and handover within authorization. |
| Quality and verification technician | Verifies per acceptance criteria and handles deviations and retests. | Quality determination and release follow position authorization. | Acceptance criteria, deviation handling, and verification records. | Takes on verification plans and review responsibility. |
| Team or project coordination | Coordinates testing, assembly, and maintenance tasks and reviews delivery. | Responsibility and release boundaries are verified per organizational rules. | Task assignment, review, and escalation records. | Develop toward engineering or technical management. |
| Stage | Observed evidence | Possible check | escalation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Interview | Can they explain object and version checking, measurement conditions, and acceptance criteria? | Check understanding of engineering input and awareness of units and per-reading values. | Where conditions do not match, the employer and the position decide, not the individual. |
| Technical assessment or portfolio review | Can they complete a paper test record per drawings and criteria and handle out-of-range items? | Check data completeness, units, conditions, and deviation handling. | If not passed, they must not test or release independently. |
| Probation and mentorship period | Completes routine assembly, testing, and recording under supervision. | Check safety procedures, energy control, and recording standards. | Any overreach or error means immediate stop and retraining. |
| Independent responsibility period | Independently completes testing and maintenance and delivers per process. | Check retest, change, and acceptance handover authorization. | Safety or quality overreach is handled per organizational rules. |
| Credential or status | Exam or registration conditions | Boundary | evidence | jurisdiction | next_step | review |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Associate's degree (in a related field) | A two-year degree in electrical, electronic, automation, or mechatronics fields | Typical U.S. entry point, not universally required: some positions accept high school and some prefer a bachelor's; check with the specific employer. | Degree and course records | Verified per work location and employer | Check the target position's education requirements | Confirmed by the employer |
| Junior college (higher vocational) education | Mainland China higher vocational programs in electrical, electronic, or automation fields | Depends on the position: no Chinese national education distribution for this occupation was obtained, and it cannot be generalized from position titles. | Education and course records | Verified per work location and employer | Check the target position's education requirements | Confirmed by the employer |
| Employer test equipment training | Test instruments, programmable controllers, and automation tools | Direction relevant: affects testing and maintenance capability | Training and assessment records | Verified per employer | Check the target equipment training requirements | Confirmed by the employer |
| Electrical safety and energy control authorization | U.S. 1910.147 applies to hazardous energy control for machine and equipment maintenance; electrical exposure must be checked separately against Subpart S. | In applicable scenarios the employer's energy control procedures and training must be followed; the provision has scope limits and exceptions and is not a universal qualification for all wiring or live work. | Authorization and work permit records | Verified per work location and jurisdiction | Check the target position's authorization scope | Confirmed by the employer |
| Quality determination and release authority | Acceptance criteria determination, changes, and acceptance release | Authorization to perform duties must be checked; internal authorization is not a unified national qualification certificate and does not mean no authorization is needed. | Determination and release approval records | Verified per organizational rules | Check the target position's release authority | Confirmed by the organization |
| Occupational qualification (Mainland China) | Where the actual work falls under a special operation listed in the catalog, check the corresponding special operation certificate. | Depends on the actual work: the regulation effective 2026-06-01 requires training, assessment, and certification for operations in the catalog; Article 9 conditions may waive training but not the examination or the certificate. | Operation certificate, examination, and validity records; checked against current renewal requirements. | Verified per work location and competent authority | Check the target position's certification requirements | Confirmed by the competent authority and the employer |
Typical scope：Seven-day trial: copy the rules, build a record sheet, compute the mean deviation, draw the closed loop, make the label variant, make the reading variant, and review the stop conditions — one day each.
Readiness evidence：Keep checkable test records, raw readings, and deviation forms.
Credential boundary：Verified per work location and employer rules.
Next moves：Independently completes routine testing and is subject to review.
Typical scope：Qualification decisions: verify wiring, energization testing, instruments, repair and calibration, energy isolation, quality determination, return to service, and engineering release item by item.
Readiness evidence：Check and record per drawings and engineering instructions.
Credential boundary：Verified per work location and employer rules.
Next moves：Practice anomaly identification and retesting.
Typical scope：The three directions and four stages are an editorial example of competence development, not a unified job ladder: first stabilize versions and records, then assemble and test under supervision, and gradually take on troubleshooting, changes, and handover within authorization; promotion is checked against position requirements.
Readiness evidence：Keep version, change, and retest records.
Credential boundary：Verified per work location and employer rules.
Next moves：Take on changes and handover per the authorization chain.
Typical scope：Transition paths: hardware, electrical, electronics, mechanical, or mechatronics engineering paths require added higher-level design analysis, education, and responsibility evidence.
Readiness evidence：Demonstrate steady delivery and safety boundaries on real projects.
Credential boundary：Verified per work location and employer rules.
Next moves：Check the next level's responsibility and engineering acceptance boundaries.
Typical scope：Set up instruments, conditions, and acceptance criteria per engineering instructions and record item by item.
Readiness evidence：Can explain units, conditions, and per-reading values.
Credential boundary：Verified per work location and employer rules.
Next moves：Add evidence of instrument and measurement methods.
Typical scope：Locate deviations and reproduce anomalies per drawings and logs.
Readiness evidence：Keep reproduction steps and conclusions.
Credential boundary：Verified per work location and employer rules.
Next moves：Review causality and alternatives.
Typical scope：Carry out changes within authorization and record retests.
Readiness evidence：Has change orders and retest records.
Credential boundary：Verified per work location and employer rules.
Next moves：Hand over for acceptance per the engineering process.
Typical scope：Arrange testing, assembly, and maintenance tasks within authorization.
Readiness evidence：Boundaries and responsible persons are clear.
Credential boundary：Verified per work location and employer rules.
Next moves：Check delivery and documentation.
Typical scope：Review test data, deviations, and retest status.
Readiness evidence：Record deviations and corrective action.
Credential boundary：Verified per work location and employer rules.
Next moves：Handle exceptions and disputes.
Typical scope：Set energy control, stop, and escalation conditions.
Readiness evidence：Anomalies are reported promptly and documented.
Credential boundary：Verified per work location and employer rules.
Next moves：Keep the basis for decisions.
Confirm that drawings, work orders, configuration, and the physical object match.
Set up instruments and conditions and keep every reading and unit.
Compare item by item against acceptance criteria and isolate and retest out-of-range items.
Change within authorization, retest, and hand off to an authorized role for acceptance.
United States · 17-3023.00 Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technologists and Technicians
About 96,900 (2025)
Employment size
Employment size and job openings are not the same indicator.
Does not establish：A projection is not a guarantee of individual hiring.
United States · 17-3023.00 Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technologists and Technicians
About 8,100 per year (2025—2035)
Job openings
Openings include growth and replacements and are not net new jobs.
Does not establish：A projection is not a guarantee of individual hiring.
These are capability relationships, not automatic promotions or credential waivers.
Transfers：Transferable abilities: hardware testing, debugging, and recording; fundamentals of interfaces and signals.
Build next：Needs to be filled in: digital and analog circuit design, architecture, and higher-level design analysis and education.
View career profileTransfers：Electrical principles, testing, and engineering documentation; equipment and system commissioning.
Build next：Requires added electrical system design, calculations, and engineering responsibility education.
View career profileTransfers：Electronic component testing, measurement, and fault localization.
Build next：Requires added circuit and system design, device selection, and engineering responsibility.
View career profileTransfers：Drawing reading, assembly, and testing; cross-discipline collaboration.
Build next：Requires added mechanical design, materials, and mechanics fundamentals.
View career profileTransfers：Commissioning experience with automation and control loops, sensors, and actuators.
Build next：Requires added control system design and system integration responsibility.
View career profileTransfers：Electrical and electronic drawing and document standards; version and change awareness.
Build next：Requires added drafting standards and CAD file management specialization.
View career profileThis occupation typically implements, tests, maintains, and records under the guidance of engineering staff; computer hardware engineers research, design, develop, and test computer equipment, electrical engineers research, design, develop, test, or supervise the manufacturing and installation of electrical systems, electronics engineers design, develop, and test electronic component systems, mechanical engineers plan and design mechanical equipment, and mechatronics engineers research, design, develop, and test automation and control systems.
Fit can be observed through whether you can consistently check versions, record raw readings and conditions, spot out-of-range values or identity contradictions, and stop and escalate when the electrical state, instrument status, instructions, or authorization are unclear.
Digital tools can assist with drawing version comparison, bill of materials organization, log parsing, anomaly flagging, and report drafts; they cannot confirm real wiring, instrument calibration, energy state, measurement conditions, fault causes, or safe entry conditions.
Human control points include verifying the physical object and wiring, instruments and conditions, anomaly reproduction, and fault causality, with changes, return to service, and engineering acceptance decided by an authorized role.
The 2025 National Bureau of Statistics materials cover only industry and broad job categories and cannot give a Mainland China national median or unified starting salary precisely corresponding to O*NET 17-3023.00.
BLS/O*NET show May 2025 U.S. national median hourly wage of 37.59 USD and annual wage of 78,190 USD; that national median is not a starting salary, an individual quote, or a Chinese wage.
Beginners first practice drawing version checking, fictional test records, units and conditions, acceptance criteria, deviation forms, and handover summaries, without touching real circuits, instruments, or equipment; real wiring, energization testing, repair and calibration, hazardous energy control, quality determination, return to service, and engineering release are different training and authorization matters and must be verified item by item by the employer.
Key risks include the wrong object or wrong version, an unknown live or stored-energy state, instrument or unit errors, wiring or configuration deviations, averages masking out-of-range values, unauthorized adjustments, and mistaking a retest for acceptance; in U.S. machine and equipment maintenance scenarios where 29 CFR 1910.147 applies, if unexpected energization or release of stored energy could injure someone, the employer must establish an energy control program carried out by appropriately authorized personnel; the provision has scope limits and exceptions.
BLS/O*NET show 2% growth over 2025—2035 (slower than average); employment was about 96,900 in 2025, and about 8,100 openings per year over 2025—2035, including growth and replacements.
Wages, employment, growth, openings, software skills, and automation adoption are different signals and cannot be combined into an individual's hiring, income, or job displacement probability; fit can be observed through whether you can consistently check versions, record raw readings and conditions, spot out-of-range values or identity contradictions, and stop and escalate when the electrical state, instrument status, instructions, or authorization are unclear.
FermatMind research workflow
May 2025 wage data; 2025—2035 projection
BLS OOH — Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technologists and Technicians
Limitations：Use only for the U.S. maintenance scenarios to which that provision applies; this task read the body earlier, and reopening is later restricted.
Limitations：Does not constitute guidance on real live testing, wiring, repair, calibration, energy isolation, or engineering release.
Limitations：Does not constitute guidance on real live testing, wiring, repair, calibration, energy isolation, or engineering release.
Limitations：Does not constitute guidance on real live testing, wiring, repair, calibration, energy isolation, or engineering release.
Limitations：Does not constitute guidance on real live testing, wiring, repair, calibration, energy isolation, or engineering release.
Limitations：Does not constitute guidance on real live testing, wiring, repair, calibration, energy isolation, or engineering release.
Limitations：Does not constitute guidance on real live testing, wiring, repair, calibration, energy isolation, or engineering release.
Limitations：Does not constitute guidance on real live testing, wiring, repair, calibration, energy isolation, or engineering release.
Limitations：Does not constitute guidance on real live testing, wiring, repair, calibration, energy isolation, or engineering release.
Limitations：Cannot substitute for this occupation's precise wage.
Limitations：Used only for adjacent comparison.
Limitations：Used only for adjacent comparison.
Limitations：Used only for adjacent comparison.
Limitations：Used only for adjacent comparison.
Limitations：Used only for adjacent comparison.
Limitations：Applies only to that U.S. occupation.
Limitations：Applies only to that U.S. occupation; the median is not a starting salary, and openings are not net gains.
Limitations：Use only for the U.S. maintenance scenarios to which that provision applies; the provision has scope limits and exceptions.
Limitations：Applies only to that U.S. occupation's national framing.
Limitations：Based on the actual work category, not inferred from the technician title; waiving training does not waive the examination or the certificate.
Limitations：Editorial ratings use the existing occupational responsibilities and AI task analysis on this page. They are not adoption rates, measured effects, job-disappearance or personal-unemployment probabilities, or official scores from Stanford or another external institution. No measured time weights or future robot deployment are assumed.
Source scope, limitations, and statistical periods are checked against the original evidence: U.S. wages are May 2025 and the outlook is 2025—2035; Mainland China figures are industry and broad personnel-category framing, with no precise occupational percentile obtained.
Typical scope：Produce traceable technical records and reviews.
Readiness evidence：Conclusions are traceable and versions are clear.
Credential boundary：Verified per work location and employer rules.
Next moves：Re-confirm authorization before expanding responsibility.
Typical scope：Take on safety, quality, and acceptance responsibility per rules.
Readiness evidence：The evidence chain is complete.
Credential boundary：Verified per work location and employer rules.
Next moves：Develop toward engineering or technical management.
