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SOC 11-3031 · O*NET 11-3031.00
Oversee accounting, investment, banking, insurance, securities, and other financial activities at a branch, office, or department: develop and implement financial plans and budgets; prepare and review financial and regulatory reports; manage cash flows and financial instruments; arrange credit, credit facilities, and investments; establish custody and internal-control procedures for assets, records, collateral, and securities; evaluate financial reporting systems, accounting, and collection processes and recommend improvements; recruit, train, and assess staff; communicate with shareholders and investors and support financing; make approval and authorization decisions within regulatory and internal-control frameworks and take responsibility for the results.
Model impact index for three equally weighted representative core tasks; not a measured share of working time or a job-loss probability. floor((75+50+25)/3+0.5)=50; fermatmind-ai-impact-v1; 2026-10-18.
First consider whether you want responsibility for both financial results and a team, and whether you can make decisions within authorization and internal-control constraints. Validate this through the paper exercise and seven-day tasks on this page.
This card is a career-exploration reference, not a hiring decision, ability score, or financial, legal, or compliance conclusion.
Signals worth considering: willingness to take responsibility for both numbers and processes, make decisions within your authority and accept the results, and make internal controls and audit trails routine. Signals calling for caution: hiding problems behind optimistic forecasts, treating approvals and internal controls as flexible formalities, and confusing personal and institutional interests when conflicts arise.
OOH lists controllers, treasurers/finance officers, credit, cash, and risk managers as types of financial managers; BLS11-3031 also links to investment fund management. Do not categorically exclude accounting/reporting supervisors or investment management or treat their statistics as mutually exclusive. Compare actual primary duties and authority. Separate O*NET pages do not imply independent wage and employment samples.
Career direction comparison
The following occupations share institutional finance and governance processes but have different responsibilities. Use them to locate your direction rather than treat them as interchangeable.
| Career direction | Core work and output | Key differences | Best-fit choice |
|---|---|---|---|
| Administrative Services Managers | Oversee institutional administration and support services | Primarily institutional administration and support services; this occupation primarily coordinates financial activities and takes responsibility for results | Choose that occupation for administrative and support coordination; this one for financial coordination |
| Treasurers and Controllers | Supervise preparation and verification of accounting records and reports | Primarily technical supervision of accounting and reporting; this occupation primarily coordinates and manages financial activities |
AI impact on this career
ILO WP96 is a global GPT4 task-exposure study. It provides no evidence of tool maturity, adoption rates, impact rankings, or actual job causation for this occupation. Budgeting, consolidation, reconciliation, and reporting are only directions for validation; numerical forecasts and rule-based calculations are not empirical tests of generative AI. AI Impact Score 50% is an editorial estimate. Model impact index for three equally weighted representative core tasks; not a measured share of working time or a job-loss probability. floor((75+50+25)/3+0.5)=50; fermatmind-ai-impact-v1; 2026-10-18.The three tasks, ratings and sources are listed in the FermatMind method source record on this page.
FermatMind AI Impact Score estimation method v1
FermatMind / 费马测试 · 2026-10-18
Editorial ratings use the existing occupational responsibilities and AI task analysis on this page. They are not adoption rates, measured effects, job-disappearance or personal-unemployment probabilities, or official scores from Stanford or another external institution. No measured time weights or future robot deployment are assumed.
Chinese mainland salary reference
Editorial job-search direction: check primary tasks and authority separately for banking and insurance, manufacturing and commerce, group shared services, and professional services. No national job shares, classification mapping, or original local standards were obtained; do not generalize universal qualifications.
NBS total wages include wages, bonuses, allowances, subsidies, and other remuneration paid under its definition, and do not equal base pay. Check equity and total-compensation definitions separately; do not broadly exclude all bonuses.
No exact national monthly or annual occupational pay was obtained in this round. Contextual averages cannot be converted into personal monthly pay; this does not establish that official figures have not been published.
No distribution of financial managers' monthly pay and incentives across institutions was obtained in this round; do not broadly claim most include long-term incentives. One recruitment quote is only a single-employer sample.
U.S. pay reference
May2025 SOC11-3031 median: 166570 dollars / 80.08 dollars/hour; 10 / 25 / 75 / 90 percentiles: 94310 / 125490 / 219980 / 323270 dollars. BLS SOC11-3031: 2025 employment of 879,700, projected 2025—2035 growth of 9.7% (net gain of 84,900), and 65,600 average annual openings including replacements. OOH rounds the same SOC to 10%, not a different occupational scope. Statistics cover multiple financial management specializations, not a sample exclusive to this page's Chinese job title. OOH industry medians: professional and technical services 174170, company management 172340, finance and insurance 169980, manufacturing 164400, and government 139810 dollars.
| Position in wage statistics | Annual wage reference | Limits of conversion | How to interpret this position |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lowest 10% | Below $94,310/year (10th percentile, May 2025 OEWS, exact occupation 11-3031, presented through O*NET) | Official annual wages, not personal monthly income | Lower end: below $94,310/year at the exact occupation's 10th percentile, representing the lower distribution rather than starting pay. |
| Median (50%) |
Career fit guide
The focus is not merely whether you can keep accounts, but whether you can connect financial plans, funds, internal controls, and reporting into a management chain with delegated authority and accountability and take responsibility for results. Interest and personality frameworks can suggest observations but cannot replace validation through management practice.
You may be better suited if： Willing to check each item under delegated approval and internal-control rules rather than alter processes for performance targets
These situations call for careful consideration： Seek supervisor, compliance, or legal confirmation when data are incomplete or questionable, approval chains are incomplete, or related parties are involved
Try an entry exercise： Accept office and meeting-based work involving responsibility for results and review, producing mainly executable financial plans and clear approval and disclosure records
Work pressure, risks, and occupational boundaries
Editorial job-verification areas: planning and funding, document protection, working-hour burdens, approvals and internal controls, disclosure, and conflicts of interest. No incidence data or studies showing most measures are effective were obtained.
O*NET/OOH provide task and work-context background; the six cards are editorial areas to check. NIST is only a voluntary AI framework, not evidence for stress, financial authority, or regulations.
Typical scenario：Hiding shortfalls behind optimistic forecasts or skipping definition checks
Roles most affected：Financial results and planning risks
Possible consequence：May lead to distorted budgets, funding gaps, or business decision errors
How to reduce risk：
Entry, qualifications, and career development
BLS lists typical entry-level education as a bachelor's degree, 5 years or more of related occupational experience, and on-the-job training as None; None does not mean employers provide no training. OOH says professional certification is not universally required and some companies offer management training. O*NET: JobZoneFour/SVP7 to <8 / Bright Outlook; education: 56% bachelor's, 21% postbaccalaureate certificate, 14% high school equivalent. These do not confer management authority. Check CN requirements against actual postings; no national education or qualification distribution was obtained.
Career outlook and transitions to related occupations
BLS SOC11-3031: 2025 employment of 879,700, projected 2025—2035 growth of 9.7% (net gain of 84,900), and 65,600 average annual openings including replacements. OOH rounds the same SOC to 10%, not a different occupational scope. Statistics cover multiple financial management specializations, not a sample exclusive to this page's Chinese job title. Median: 166570 dollars. CN figures provide only their respective industry and above-designated-size category context.
United States · Financial Managers (SOC 11-3031, exact occupation)
Growth of 9.7% (2025—2035)
Employment change
SOC11-3031 growth: 9.7%; OOH discusses demand for cash and risk management. This does not establish independent generative AI effects or individual institutions' hiring volumes.
Projections are not actual results and do not represent hiring volumes at a particular institution or in a particular region
Oversee accounting, investment, banking, insurance, securities, and other financial activities at a branch, office, or department: develop and implement financial plans and budgets and assess costs; manage cash flows and financial instruments and arrange credit, credit facilities, and investments; establish custody and internal-control procedures for assets, records, collateral, and securities and implement approval controls; prepare and review financial and regulatory reports and submit them under regulations and board requirements; evaluate financial reporting systems, accounting, and collection processes and recommend improvements; recruit, train, and assess staff, communicate with shareholders, investors, and banks, and make approval decisions within delegated authority.
Choose a real task from this page for a small practice project or a conversation with someone in the field. Use the planning guides to set a date, an output and feedback questions before deciding whether to continue.
This checklist is for self-questioning only, not a hiring standard, ability score, or financial or legal conclusion. Roles called financial manager differ widely: leading counter services and lending at a bank branch; managing risk and claims finances at an insurer; managing costs and budgets in manufacturing; managing project settlements and partner distributions in professional services; or managing treasury, tax, and consolidated reporting at group headquarters. Teams range from three or five people to over a hundred. Licensing, external financial reporting, and direct contact with shareholders and financing providers also vary. Before comparing roles, check the institution and business line, financial function scope (accounting, treasury, tax, internal controls, or investment), authorization limits and approval chain, reporting and disclosure responsibilities, and team and assessment arrangements.
Validate your judgment with a paper exercise: given a wholly fictional financial scenario (institution type and business, operating and cash-flow data for the last three periods, treasury and budget questions, internal-control and approval rules, and required report and explanation formats), write financial planning and budget priorities, funding arrangements and credit or investment recommendations, key internal-control and custody procedures, reporting and disclosure scope, and anomaly reporting and escalation paths. Identify decisions requiring higher-level approval or compliance and legal confirmation.
Financial managers' daily work centers on four areas: planning, funds, internal controls, and reporting. First, develop financial plans and budgets from business goals and allocate them across departments and periods. Next, manage cash flows and financial instruments, arrange credit facilities, financing, and investments, and monitor cash and maturity profiles. Then establish and implement custody and internal-control procedures for assets, records, collateral, and securities; review accounting and collection processes and drive improvements. Finally, prepare and review financial and regulatory reports, assess current and future financial conditions, and explain them to management, shareholders, and investors. Also recruit and train staff, assess performance, and make approvals within delegated authority. O*NET core tasks also include building and maintaining personal or business customer relationships and helping resolve problems. Verify specific budgeting, treasury, credit, and disclosure responsibilities by role.
Centered on financial planning, treasury, and internal controls
Budget and approval records, treasury and credit-facility approval records, internal-control and custody procedure records, and reporting and disclosure records
OOH lists controllers, treasurers/finance officers, credit, cash, and risk managers as types of financial managers; BLS11-3031 also links to investment fund management. Do not categorically exclude accounting/reporting supervisors or investment management or treat their statistics as mutually exclusive. Compare actual primary duties and authority. Separate O*NET pages do not imply independent wage and employment samples. Compare administrative services, business diagnosis, and independent auditing by primary responsibilities; holding combined duties does not automatically exclude a role.
| Dimension | Primary track | Comparison track |
|---|---|---|
| Core purpose | Oversee accounting, investment, banking, insurance, securities, and other financial activities at a branch, office, or department, taking responsibility for financial plans, treasury and internal controls, reports, and team management. | Complete financial planning, funding arrangements, internal-control implementation, and report review through management processes |
| Primary subjects and basis | Subjects include financial plans and budgets, cash and financial instruments, credit and credit-facility documents, assets and collateral, financial and regulatory reports, accounting and collection processes, and team and assessment records. Bases are corporate governance and delegated approval policies, accounting and disclosure standards, financial and insurance regulatory requirements, tax and document-retention rules, and internal-control and anti-fraud requirements. | Subjects are institutional financial activities and teams; bases are governance policies, standards, and regulatory requirements |
| Core process | Planning → Funds → Internal controls → Reports → Authorization | Centered on financial planning, treasury, and internal controls, with reporting, disclosure, and team management |
| Main outputs | Budget and approval records, treasury and credit-facility approval records, and internal-control and custody procedure records | Budget and approval records |
| Responsible party | Financial managers and their institutions bear responsibility for financial results and internal-control compliance under applicable policies. External financial reports, credit approvals, and investment decisions must follow delegated approval chains. Compliance, legal staff, or authorized personnel must confirm disclosure and legal application matters. | Financial managers and their institutions jointly bear responsibility for financial results and internal-control compliance under applicable policies |
| Authority and approval | When data are incomplete or questionable, approval chains incomplete, internal-control requirements conflict with business pressure, related parties or conflicts of interest are involved, or external disclosure is needed, stop deciding independently and seek confirmation from supervisors, compliance, or legal staff through the delegated approval chain. | Stop and seek confirmation from supervisors, compliance, or legal staff when matters exceed your authority or policy scope |
| Limits of conclusions | One period's financial performance does not constitute a final judgment of individual ability | Financial results are affected by market conditions, business changes, and team execution |
Assess costs and prepare and implement budgets
Arrange credit facilities, financing, and investment matters
Implement approvals and access controls
Submit them under regulations and board requirements
Recommend and implement improvements
Communicate with shareholders, investors, and banks
Before joining, check item by item: institution and business line; financial function scope (accounting, treasury, tax, internal controls, or investment); authorization limits and approval chain; reporting and disclosure responsibilities; internal-control, confidentiality, and conflict-of-interest requirements; and team size, assessment arrangements, and working hours.
Check the institution and business line
Check financial function scope
Check delegated authority and approval chains
Check reporting and disclosure responsibilities
| Choose that occupation for technical oversight of accounting and reporting; this one for overall financial management |
| Investment Fund Managers | Build portfolios and make buying and selling decisions | Primarily portfolio investment decisions; this occupation primarily manages funds and financial activities | Choose that occupation for investment decisions; this one for finance and treasury management |
|---|
| Management Analysts | Diagnose business processes and recommend improvements | Primarily organizational process and business improvement diagnosis; this occupation primarily takes responsibility for financial results | Choose that occupation for process diagnosis; this one for financial coordination |
|---|
| Accountants and Auditors | Perform audits and issue assurance opinions | Primarily assurance and auditing practice; this occupation primarily manages internal institutional finances | Choose that occupation for assurance and auditing practice; this one for institutional financial management |
|---|
| Chief Executives | Set institutional strategy and bear overall business responsibility | Primarily overall institutional business decisions; this occupation oversees the finance function under delegated authority | Choose that occupation for overall business decisions; this one for finance-function responsibility |
|---|
When comparing these directions, first identify whether responsibility concerns overseeing an institution's or department's financial activities and results, institutional administration and support services, technical accounting and reporting supervision, portfolio investment decisions, organizational process and business improvement diagnosis, auditing and assurance practice, or overall institutional business decisions. This occupation links financial planning, funds, internal controls, and reporting into a management chain with delegated authority and accountability.
Compare by first identifying whether responsibility concerns financial coordination, administration and support, accounting/reporting expertise, investment decisions, process diagnosis, auditing practice, or overall business operations.
Variance summaries and report drafts using authorized known data are only editorial trial directions. No existing products have been validated; figures and accounts require checking back. Matching occupational tasks does not establish technical feasibility.
Verify actual adoption institution by institution; no proportion covering a majority of institutions was obtained. Error costs do not establish adoption facts.
BLS SOC11-3031: 2025 employment of 879,700, projected 2025—2035 growth of 9.7% (net gain of 84,900), and 65,600 average annual openings including replacements. OOH rounds the same SOC to 10%, not a different occupational scope. Statistics cover multiple financial management specializations, not a sample exclusive to this page's Chinese job title. OOH discusses demand for cash and risk management, not the independent effects of generative AI.
| Work area | Task | Current change | Human control point |
|---|---|---|---|
| Forecasting and reporting steps | Budgets and funding arrangements | Assistance with forecasting, consolidation, and report drafting (editorial judgment) | Financial managers coordinate budgets, funding, and report reviews |
| Approval and internal-control operations | Delegated approvals and funding arrangements | Variance and anomaly alerts can assist; people must confirm conclusions (editorial judgment) | Managers and supervisors confirm delegated approvals and funding arrangements |
| Approval and internal-control operations | Internal-control design and fraud judgment | Assistance with control checklists and exception summaries (editorial judgment) | Financial managers and internal audit handle internal-control design and fraud judgment |
| Responsibility for results and compliance | External reports and disclosures | Assistance with report verification and consistency checks (editorial judgment) | Financial managers and compliance issue external reports and disclosures |
| Responsibility for results and compliance | Team assessment and training | Assistance with aggregation and comparison (editorial judgment) | Financial managers conduct team assessments and training |
| Responsibility for results and compliance | Investor and bank communication | Assistance with drafting materials (editorial judgment) | Investor and bank communication must follow disclosure rules |
| Responsibility for results and compliance | Handling related parties and conflicts of interest | Assistance with declaration registers (editorial judgment) | Related-party interests and conflicts must be declared and recusal applied |
The following evidence cards respectively cover international organization task-exposure research, official occupational information, employment projections, wage statistics, and governance frameworks. Read each according to its research subject and limitations rather than combine them into a single conclusion.
Effects differ across stages. The following distinguishes three categories: forecasting and reporting steps, approval and internal-control operations, and responsibility for results and compliance.
AI primarily changesBudget and report drafts: trial direction requiring validation
Human responsibility remainsJudgment in delegated approvals and funding arrangements
AI primarily changesAssistance with variance and anomaly clues
Human responsibility remainsInternal-control design and fraud judgment
AI primarily changesAssistance drafting management reports and meeting materials
Human responsibility remainsExternal disclosure and responsibility for results
When using AI to assist with this occupation's work, confirm boundaries and responsibilities in this order:
First confirm the institution's stance on automation tools, delegated approval chains, and disclosure requirements to determine which data and stages may use tools.
Clarify that tools only handle forecasting, consolidation, reconciliation, anomaly alerts, and report drafting, not authorization decisions, internal-control conclusions, or disclosure scope.
Check each tool output against accounting and business evidence and obtain reviewer or supervisor confirmation before using it for decisions.
Record the tool name, version, inputs, and human edits so budgets, approvals, and reports remain traceable.
Financial managers and their institutions bear responsibility for financial results and disclosure. Tool output is not an authorized conclusion or one cleared for disclosure.
Tools may produce incorrect forecasts, consolidation results, or variances
Control: Check each item back against accounting and business evidence; do not use unverified output for decisions or disclosure
Nonpublic financial and customer documents may involve confidentiality or personal information. Check the actual materials and current policies.
Control: Before submitting to external tools, check data-processing authorization, scope, and current rules; do not impose a universal ban on all external tools.
Budget and approval records must be traceable or the decision process cannot be demonstrated
Control: Record tool names, versions, inputs, and edits, and retain budget and approval records
Incorrect treasury or disclosure decisions can cause financial and compliance losses
Control: Perform a second review of key decisions; stop immediately and report anomalies to supervisors or compliance
Responsibility for results and disclosure must be clearly assigned
Control: Clarify managers' and reviewers' authority and signing rules; do not disclose externally before review
First practice budgeting, funding arrangements, and internal-control checks, then take responsibility under supervision for one department's or one period's financial work and retain approval records.
Make authorization limits, approval chains, and internal-control audit trails habitual. Seek supervisor, compliance, or legal confirmation first for disclosure, tax, or related-party issues, and retain records.
Editorial trial suggestion: use authorized known data to test summaries of reporting variances and management report drafts, checking back against the accounts. Forecasting, consolidation, and anomaly detection capabilities are unverified; ordinary financial automation does not equal generative AI.
Establish delegated approval chains, internal controls, and disclosure rules first, then decide where to introduce AI and clarify responsibility for results and compliance.
This round obtained no occupation-specific evidence of actual overall augmentation, an upward shift in responsibilities, or inevitable takeover of work steps. Global exposure does not equal adoption.
Source: ILO Working Paper 96 (2023); O*NET 11-3031.00 task informationOriginal source ↗
BLS lists typical entry-level education as a bachelor's degree, 5 years or more of related occupational experience, and on-the-job training as None; None does not mean employers provide no training. OOH says professional certification is not universally required and some companies offer management training. O*NET: JobZoneFour/SVP7 to <8 / Bright Outlook; education: 56% bachelor's, 21% postbaccalaureate certificate, 14% high school equivalent. These do not confer management authority. Check CN requirements against actual postings; no national education or qualification distribution was obtained. Sitting 64%, more than 40 hours 73%, and daily email 99% describe work context, not AI effects.
Source: O*NET 11-3031.00 preparation level and education surveyOriginal source ↗
Budgets, reporting variances, and drafts are only directions for validation; no ranking of the most direct impacts was obtained. Verify authority and disclosure against actual policies.
Source: ILO Working Paper 96 (2023); O*NET task informationOriginal source ↗
BLS SOC11-3031: 2025 employment of 879,700, projected 2025—2035 growth of 9.7% (net gain of 84,900), and 65,600 average annual openings including replacements. OOH rounds the same SOC to 10%, not a different occupational scope. Statistics cover multiple financial management specializations, not a sample exclusive to this page's Chinese job title. They do not provide a definite year of disappearance.
Source: BLS and OOH SOC11-3031 (2025—2035)Original source ↗
Tool output confers no treasury, approval, or disclosure authority. Check drafts and figures against actual policies; no uniform product capabilities or signing rules were obtained.
Source: NIST AI Risk Management Framework; governance and disclosure requirementsOriginal source ↗
This round obtained no evidence of a definite disappearance year or inevitable task changes. Use projections, global exposure, and actual adoption separately.
Source: BLS employment projections; ILO Working Paper 96Original source ↗
Prioritize three areas: accounting and financial analysis fundamentals (understanding reports, cash flows, and cost structures); treasury and internal-control practice (authorization, approval chains, custody, and audit trails); and team and external communication (explaining financial results clearly to business colleagues and investors). Practice writing a decision-ready explanation of budget-versus-actual variances for a period.
Source: O*NET 11-3031.00; BLS employment and wage statisticsOriginal source ↗
These are task-level judgments and evidence boundaries, not definite projections of job numbers.
Insufficient evidence: no verifiable monthly pay statistics were obtained for other regions and employment arrangements (group headquarters, branches, financial shared-service centers). Cities, institution sizes, and grades differ widely; verify each specific role.
No exact national occupational wages were obtained in this round; the following industries and above-designated-size categories provide only their respective context.
| Educational background | Common role directions | Notes and verification suggestions |
|---|---|---|
| Bachelor's degree (accounting, finance, economics, or management-related major) | Finance supervisor and team lead roles | Editorial preparation direction: accounting, reporting, and budget execution; a bachelor's degree does not directly confer team responsibilities |
| Master's degree (accounting, finance, or business administration-related major) | Financial manager and financial analysis manager roles | Finance functions and external explanations depend on actual training and appointment; a master's degree does not directly confer authority |
| Qualification preparation: check whether CPA or management accounting credentials apply to the actual role | Accounting and disclosure oversight roles | Reporting and review responsibilities depend on actual authorization, not automatic conferral by certificates |
| Interdisciplinary background (finance plus information systems or data) | Finance systems and data governance roles | Need to supplement internal-control, disclosure, and governance training |
Leasing and business services 110162 / 68919 and scientific and technical services 182064 / 83560 cover only their respective industries; management 210016 / clerical 94936 cover only categories in enterprises above designated size. Similar levels do not establish representativeness for financial managers. Check fixed recruitment pay, pay including bonuses, and total compensation including equity separately.
Editorial job-search direction: check institutional finance and outsourced-service postings
Editorial job-search direction: check project settlement and consulting postings
Editorial job-search direction: check actual branch and department responsibilities
Report and variance drafts are only editorial trial directions; no CN wage or demand impacts were obtained.
| Median hourly wage $80.08; median annual wage $166,570 (2025, BLS OEWS, presented through O*NET) |
| Official annual wages, not personal take-home pay |
| Median: $166,570/year (median hourly wage $80.08, 2025); half of workers earn below and half above this value. |
| Highest 10% | Above $323,270/year (90th percentile, May 2025 OEWS, exact occupation 11-3031, presented through O*NET) | Official annual wages, not personal take-home pay | Upper end: SOC11-3031 90th percentile of 323270 dollars, not an income ceiling. This round did not verify relationships between specific percentiles, grades, and incentives. |
|---|
Pay · 10th percentile：Below $94,310/year；Pay · 10th percentile | Below $94,310/year； national 10th percentile for the exact occupation (11-3031) | Not starting pay.
Pay · 25th percentile：Below $125,490/year；Pay · 25th percentile | Below $125,490/year； national 25th percentile for the exact occupation (11-3031) | Not starting pay.
Pay · Median：$166,570/year；Pay · Median | $166,570/year； median hourly wage $80.08 (May 2025 OEWS) | Half of workers earn below and half above this value.
Pay · 75th percentile：Below $219,980/year；Pay · 75th percentile | Below 219980 dollars/year； May2025 SOC11-3031 national 75th percentile | OEWS includes commissions and production bonuses； excludes nonproduction bonuses, overtime and shift premiums, and the self-employed. Do not exclude all bonuses uniformly； stock awards and total compensation cannot be treated as base annual pay.
Pay · 90th percentile：Above $323,270/year；Pay · 90th percentile | Above $323,270/year； national 90th percentile for the exact occupation (11-3031) | Not the occupation's overall income ceiling.
The median is not starting pay. OEWS includes commissions and production bonuses; excludes nonproduction bonuses, overtime and shift premiums, and the self-employed. Do not exclude all bonuses uniformly; stock awards and total compensation cannot be treated as base annual pay. Do not substitute adjacent occupations or interpolations.
Annual pay estimates assume 2080 hours per year. Annual or hourly wages do not establish personal take-home pay; verify institutional grades and incentive payments against actual arrangements and source definitions.
May2025 SOC11-3031 national wages; OOH industry tables for the same SOC and 2025—2035 projections align with BLS Table1.2. Growth of 9.7% rounds to 10%; openings include replacements. Coverage includes multiple specializations.
Institution type, grade, region, bonuses, and equity incentive arrangements affect actual income; different definitions must not be mixed.
| Industry | Median wage for this occupation within the industry | How to interpret this value |
|---|---|---|
| Professional, scientific, and technical services | $174,170/year | BLS OOH median annual wage for financial managers in this industry (May 2025). Institution types and grades vary widely; this does not represent individual income. |
| Management of companies and enterprises | $172,340/year | OOH median for this SOC in company management: 172340 dollars. Industry wage values do not establish the share of specific headquarters roles. |
| Finance and insurance | $169,980/year | OOH median for this SOC in finance and insurance: 169980 dollars. The employer table lists finance and insurance at 32% in 2025, not 2024. |
| Manufacturing (government, excluding state and local education and hospitals, is also listed at $139,810/year) | $164,400/year | OOH for this SOC: manufacturing 164400 dollars; government 139810 (excluding state and local education and hospitals). Industry wages do not establish the share of specific cost and budgeting roles. |
O*NET: regular schedules 99%, more than 40 hours 73% / 40 hours 27%, continuous sitting 64%, daily email 99%, and very high responsibility for others' outcomes 65%; these do not describe every role. OEWS includes commissions and production bonuses; excludes nonproduction bonuses, overtime and shift premiums, and the self-employed. Do not exclude all bonuses uniformly; stock awards and total compensation cannot be treated as base annual pay.
BLS SOC11-3031: 2025 employment of 879,700, projected 2025—2035 growth of 9.7% (net gain of 84,900), and 65,600 average annual openings including replacements. OOH rounds the same SOC to 10%, not a different occupational scope. Statistics cover multiple financial management specializations, not a sample exclusive to this page's Chinese job title.
BLS lists typical entry-level education as a bachelor's degree, 5 years or more of related occupational experience, and on-the-job training as None; None does not mean employers provide no training. OOH says professional certification is not universally required and some companies offer management training. O*NET: JobZoneFour/SVP7 to <8 / Bright Outlook; education: 56% bachelor's, 21% postbaccalaureate certificate, 14% high school equivalent. These do not confer management authority. Check CN requirements against actual postings; no national education or qualification distribution was obtained.
Employment · Size | 879700 people； 2025 SOC11-3031 | OOH uses the same year and SOC, covering multiple financial management specializations.
Employment · Growth rate | 9.7% (2025—2035), net gain of 84900 people； OOH rounds to 10% | Not an individual's hiring probability.
Employment · Projected job openings | 65600/year； 2025—2035 annual average including replacements | Not net new jobs.
O*NET occupational interest baseline
E (Enterprising), C (Conventional)Primarily Enterprising (E), with Conventional (C): advancing goals through management and communication and following standards in financial and approval processes.
This page's occupational interest information comes from O*NET's EC interest code for Financial Managers (11-3031.00). It describes work-activity preferences, not personal assessment results, and cannot establish fit, hiring likelihood, or eligibility.
Which Holland interest types are closer to Financial Managers?
The official interest code is primarily E (Enterprising), with C (Conventional): advancing goals through management and communication while following standards for financial and approval processes. Interest codes describe activity preferences, not ability, hiring, or eligibility conclusions.
Do not use it this way: Want only specialist accounting work without team or results responsibility. Inability to accept delegated approval and disclosure pressure can substantially affect the work experience.
Test my Holland career interestsWhich Big Five traits relate more closely to this work?
Editorial observations: check processes, lead teams, and communicate results. No occupation-specific Big Five validity study was obtained in this round; traits do not replace performance.
Do not use it this way: Treat personality test results as a career conclusion or use them to exclude yourself.
View my Big Five personality traitsCan MBTI determine whether Financial Managers suits me?
MBTI is only for reflecting on preferences. No occupation-specific validity study was obtained in this round; base judgments on actual management performance.
Do not use it this way: Use type labels to explain unwillingness to accept management responsibility or procedural constraints.
Understand my MBTI preferencesCan the Enneagram tell whether this occupation suits me?
The Enneagram is a self-reflection tool. More practical questions for this work are whether you can maintain authorization and internal controls under performance pressure, and check processes before assigning blame when the team errs. These can be tested directly in real management situations.
Do not use it this way: Treat type descriptions as proof of career fit.
Explore my Enneagram patternsCan I be a financial manager if I struggle with math?
BLS lists typical entry-level education as a bachelor's degree, 5 years or more of related occupational experience, and on-the-job training as None; None does not mean employers provide no training. OOH says professional certification is not universally required and some companies offer management training. O*NET: JobZoneFour/SVP7 to <8 / Bright Outlook; education: 56% bachelor's, 21% postbaccalaureate certificate, 14% high school equivalent. These do not confer management authority. Check CN requirements against actual postings; no national education or qualification distribution was obtained.
Do not use it this way: Treat one test result as the ceiling of your ability.
Understand my intelligence and reasoning performanceDo financial managers need high emotional intelligence?
Editorial observations: communication under pressure and checking facts. No occupation-specific EQ validity study was obtained.
Do not use it this way: Use high or low emotional intelligence as a substitute for verifying financial and management abilities.
Understand my emotional intelligence abilitiesFits better when: Prefer administrative and support coordination
Watch for: Prefer coordinating administration and support services over financial activities
Explore related career: Administrative Services Managers directionFits better when: Prefer technical oversight of accounting and reporting
Watch for: Editorial comparison direction: focus on accounting and reporting expertise. OOH includes controllers within financial management; these are not mutually exclusive occupational statistics.
Explore related career: Treasurers and Controllers directionFits better when: Prefer investment decisions
Watch for: Editorial comparison direction: focus on portfolio investment decisions. The BLS Financial Managers SOC links to investment fund management; check actual duties and statistical coverage.
Explore related career: Investment Fund Managers directionFits better when: Prefer process and business diagnosis
Watch for: Prefer process diagnosis over financial coordination
Explore related career: Management Analysts directionFits better when: Prefer auditing and assurance practice
Watch for: Prefer auditing and assurance over institutional financial management
Explore related career: Accountants and Auditors directionFits better when: Prefer overall business decisions
Watch for: Prefer responsibility for overall operations over the finance function
Explore related career: Chief Executives directionNo. Interest tests describe preferences, not ability, and do not predict hiring or performance. They can explain your leanings toward management, communication, and structured processes, but fit must be tested through real tasks: leading a team through budgeting and closing, deciding within your authority, and explaining results clearly.
O*NET lists finance, ERP, and data software. Check programming requirements posting by posting; no evidence was obtained of a universal absence of coding requirements or future demand trends.
More precisely, the work requires communication and consistency under pressure: maintaining authority boundaries and internal controls under performance pressure, checking processes first when the team errs, and explaining results clearly to business colleagues and investors. These skills can be observed and trained through management practice; they are not personality thresholds.
Fit depends on tasks and working styles rather than personality labels. Work mainly involves offices and meetings, with almost universally regular schedules (99% in O*NET work-context data). Some 73% work more than 40 hours per week and 27% work 40 hours; work is mainly seated (64% sit continually or almost continually), 99% use email daily, and 65% have very high responsibility for others' work outcomes. Neither introversion nor extraversion is an obstacle, but complete unwillingness to accept results responsibility and team pressure will affect the work experience.
BLS lists typical entry-level education as a bachelor's degree, 5 years or more of related occupational experience, and on-the-job training as None; None does not mean employers provide no training. OOH says professional certification is not universally required and some companies offer management training. O*NET: JobZoneFour/SVP7 to <8 / Bright Outlook; education: 56% bachelor's, 21% postbaccalaureate certificate, 14% high school equivalent. These do not confer management authority. Check CN requirements against actual postings; no national education or qualification distribution was obtained.
Yes, but it takes time. Common tools include accounting and finance systems, enterprise resource planning and reporting tools, databases and spreadsheets, business intelligence and visualization tools, compliance and tax software, and treasury and credit-facility management systems. At entry, take responsibility under supervision for at least one department's or one period's budgets, funding, and reports, retaining approval records.
OOH says people usually enter after gaining experience in other business or financial roles. The BLS typical requirement of 5 years or more is not every employer's hard threshold and does not guarantee a transition.
Editorial suggestion: observe budgeting, approvals, and management in authorized business activities. No comparative study showing practice demonstrates competence better than courses was obtained; verify permission to show materials.
O*NET work-context data show almost universally regular schedules (99%); 73% work more than 40 hours per week and 27% work 40 hours. Work is mainly seated (64% sit continually or almost continually, 21% more than half the time). Precision and accuracy are highly important (74% extremely important, 21% very important). Contact with others is constant for 37%, occurs most of the time for 46%, and about half the time for 17%; 99% use email daily. Conflict situations occur daily for 17%, more than monthly but not weekly for 40%, and more than yearly but not monthly for 34%. Responsibility for others' work outcomes and results is very high for 65% and high for 24%. Verify specific working hours and closing- and budget-period overtime with the employer.
No. Tests can only suggest interests. Career choices also require checking actual tasks, authority and eligibility, internal-control and disclosure requirements, and performance in this page's exercises. Validate your judgment by participating in real financial management work and completing a budget and variance-explanation exercise.
Evidence：O*NET task and work-activity information · O*NET task and work-activity information
Typical scenario：Sharing nonpublic financial data without permission or disclosing results prematurely
Roles most affected：Confidentiality risks for nonpublic financial and customer information
Possible consequence：May breach confidentiality and disclosure rules, leaking institutional or customer information
How to reduce risk：Check authorization for document transfers and external-system submissions against current policies; do not impose a universal external-tool ban.
Evidence：O*NET task and work-activity information · O*NET task and work-activity information
Typical scenario：Continuous intense work without breaks during closing and budget periods increases errors
Roles most affected：Closing- and budget-period workload risks
Possible consequence：May cause prolonged visual strain, sedentary burdens, intense closing and budget periods, and fatigue-related errors
How to reduce risk：Schedule breaks and workstation adjustments around the work rhythm, allocate closing batches reasonably, and report discomfort accurately
Evidence：O*NET task and work-activity information · BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook：Financial Managers
Typical scenario：Skipping approvals to save time or tolerating actions beyond authority
Roles most affected：Risks of exceeding authority and internal-control failure
Possible consequence：May breach delegated approval and internal-control requirements, creating financial or fraud risks
How to reduce risk：Follow authorization limits and approval chains; report and document funding and credit decisions exceeding your limits
Evidence：O*NET task and work-activity information · O*NET task and work-activity information
Typical scenario：Submitting reports externally despite inconsistent definitions or confused versions
Roles most affected：Reporting and disclosure error risks
Possible consequence：May cause errors in external reports and regulatory submissions, creating compliance and reputational problems
How to reduce risk：Check reports against standards and disclosure requirements; review key items and retain version records
Evidence：O*NET task and work-activity information · O*NET task and work-activity information
Typical scenario：Failing to declare related-party transactions or recuse yourself
Roles most affected：Conflict-of-interest and related-party risks
Possible consequence：May undermine objective decisions and breach related-party transaction and conflict-of-interest management requirements
How to reduce risk：Declare interests and related-party transactions under policy; recuse yourself when necessary and obtain compliance review
Evidence：O*NET task and work-activity information · O*NET task and work-activity information
| Entry direction | Initial tasks | Evidence to prepare | Work samples demonstrable without experience | Distinctions to note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Finance supervisor role | Handle accounting, reporting, and budget execution for a period under supervision | Assignment and review records | Write key points for budget execution and variance analysis | Primarily an execution setting; pay attention to definitions and review |
| Financial manager role | Independently oversee a finance function and explain it externally | Budget and report records | Write funding arrangement and internal-control points | Primarily a management setting; pay attention to authority and results |
| Treasury and credit-facility role | Manage cash, credit facilities, and financing arrangements and monitor maturity profiles | Treasury and credit-facility records | Write funding and maturity-profile points | Primarily a specialist setting; pay attention to approvals and risk |
| Internal-control and compliance role | Design and check internal-control procedures and drive remediation | Internal-control and remediation records | Write a key-control and checking checklist | Primarily a standards-focused setting; pay attention to the division of duties with internal audit |
| Finance lead role | Take responsibility for finance functions, disclosure, and the team | Policy and disclosure records | Prepare a financial reporting and disclosure checklist | Primarily an accountability setting; pay attention to results and responsibility |
Check education, field of study, professional credentials, and years of management experience required; record the posting date and whether recruitment is still open.
Distinguish bookkeeping ability from coordinating finance functions and taking responsibility for results. Interests do not replace management experience and performance evidence.
Check authorization limits, approval chains, disclosure and confidentiality requirements, and related-party and conflict-of-interest rules.
Record requirements and their validity; recheck when changing institutions or business lines.
BLS lists typical entry-level education as a bachelor's degree, 5 years or more of related occupational experience, and on-the-job training as None; None does not mean employers provide no training. OOH says professional certification is not universally required and some companies offer management training. O*NET: JobZoneFour/SVP7 to <8 / Bright Outlook; education: 56% bachelor's, 21% postbaccalaureate certificate, 14% high school equivalent. These do not confer management authority. Check CN requirements against actual postings; no national education or qualification distribution was obtained.
Preparation levels describe the occupation overall and do not establish a specific institution's eligibility and authorization conditions.
Check required accounting and finance systems, enterprise resource planning and reporting tools, databases and spreadsheets, business intelligence and visualization tools, compliance and tax software, and treasury and credit-facility management systems.
Provide the institution type and business, operating and cash-flow data for the last three periods, treasury and budget questions, internal-control and approval rules, and required report and explanation formats as exercise inputs.
Label units and missing items, and state that the materials are entirely fictional.
List missing information that could affect judgment.
State that the exercise uses fictional materials and represents no real institution or employer.
Reviewable outputs: financial planning and budget priorities, funding arrangements and credit or investment recommendations, key internal-control and custody procedures, reporting and disclosure scope, anomaly reporting and escalation paths, and circumstances requiring higher-level approval.
State the boundary: authorized personnel or institutions must make financial, tax, and legal conclusions.
Write financial planning and budget priorities, funding arrangements and recommendations, and internal-control and custody points. Explain which decisions require higher-level approval or compliance and legal confirmation.
Exercise output: actionable financial planning and review points.
First check operating and cash-flow definitions, then prepare plans and funding arrangements based on goals, and finally check internal controls and reports and write an explanation.
Leave uncertain definitions or compliance questions unresolved and ask supervisors or compliance to confirm rather than act from experience.
List each education, qualification, and management experience requirement from the target posting in a comparison table.
Mark items met, gaps to fill, and items requiring verification.
Choose a set of fictional data and write budget assumptions, funding arrangements, and their basis.
Demonstrate goal-based planning and definition checks.
Record budgets, execution variances, funding status, and internal-control points on one page.
Identify supporting sources and unverified portions.
Explain the finance systems, data definitions, and review methods used so others can review the work.
Identify steps assisted by AI and checked by a person.
| Situation | Possible questions | Evidence you can present | Conclusions that cannot be inferred |
|---|---|---|---|
| Interview | Can you explain authorization limits, internal controls, and disclosure requirements? | Check whether you can explain management methods under policies and standards. | The employer decides whether to hire you; you cannot determine this yourself. |
| Performance review | Can you demonstrate the complete process from planning to accountability for results? | Demonstrate traceability through budgets, reports, and improvement records. | One review does not establish the ability to independently oversee all business lines. |
| Probation assessment |
Extract one authorization, disclosure, or internal-control requirement and write key implementation points.
Write budget definitions, key assumptions, and sensitivities by business activity.
Write funding arrangements, maturity profiles, and approval requirements.
Write key controls for custody of assets, records, and securities.
Write reporting definitions, disclosure timing, and review requirements.
Ask an experienced finance lead to identify planning and internal-control omissions and record the feedback.
| Qualification / preparation item | Who it applies to | Role in this occupation | Universally required? | Conditions and investment | Scale of investment | What it cannot replace |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bachelor's degree (accounting, finance, economics, or management-related major) | Most financial management roles | Meet basic entry conditions | Listed by BLS as typical entry-level education for this occupation | According to institution and program requirements | About four years | Educational level does not equal management judgment or responsibility for results |
| Postbaccalaureate certificate |
Typical scope：Follow procedures for accounting, reporting, and budget execution for a period
Readiness evidence：Assignment and review records (editorial suggestion)
Credential boundary：Primarily accounting or finance studies; verify employer and role requirements
Next moves：Independently complete reporting and budget execution for a period
Typical scope：Independently oversee a finance function and explain it externally
Readiness evidence：Budget and report records (editorial suggestion)
Credential boundary：Primarily finance or analysis experience
Next moves：Handle finance functions and external explanations
Typical scope：Manage cash, credit facilities, and financing and monitor maturity profiles
Readiness evidence：Treasury and credit-facility records (editorial suggestion)
Credential boundary：Primarily treasury and bank relationship experience
Next moves：Handle treasury and credit-facility management
Typical scope：Take responsibility for finance functions, disclosure, and the team
Readiness evidence：Policy and disclosure records (editorial suggestion)
Credential boundary：Primarily experience and institutional appointment
Next moves：Develop toward finance leadership
Typical scope：Design and check internal-control procedures and drive remediation
Readiness evidence：Internal-control and remediation records (editorial suggestion)
Credential boundary：Primarily internal-control and compliance knowledge
Next moves：Handle internal-control design and checks
Typical scope：Oversee tax filing and report preparation
Readiness evidence：Tax and report records (editorial suggestion)
Credential boundary：Primarily tax and reporting standards knowledge
Next moves：Handle tax and reporting oversight
Typical scope：Manage finance systems, definitions, and data governance
Readiness evidence：Systems and data records (editorial suggestion)
Credential boundary：Primarily systems and data knowledge
Next moves：Handle finance systems and data governance
Typical scope：Oversee branch finance and internal-control matters
Readiness evidence：Institutional finance records (editorial suggestion)
Credential boundary：Primarily institutional finance experience
Next moves：Handle branch financial management
Typical scope：Oversee budget preparation and business variance analysis
Readiness evidence：Budget and analysis records (editorial suggestion)
Credential boundary：Primarily budgeting and business analysis skills
Next moves：Handle budgeting and business analysis
Typical scope：Oversee cost accounting and project settlements
Readiness evidence：Cost and project records (editorial suggestion)
Credential boundary：Primarily cost management knowledge
Next moves：Handle costs and project settlements
Able to handle accounting, reporting, and budget execution for a period under supervision and record work accurately.
Able to independently oversee a finance function and explain it externally.
Able to manage funds, credit facilities, and financing arrangements and monitor maturity profiles.
Able to take responsibility for finance functions, disclosure, and the team.
United States · Financial Managers (SOC 11-3031, exact occupation)
879,700 people (2025)
Employment size
Employment size and openings are different measures; openings are annual averages over the projection period and include replacement needs
Does not establish：Statistics cover the exact occupation; institution types and grades vary widely
Mainland China · Leasing and business services; scientific research and technical services (industry sections)
Non-private 110,162 / private 68,919 yuan/year; scientific research and technical services: non-private 182,064 / private 83,560 yuan/year
Industry wages (industry proxy)
Industry average wages cover multiple occupations and cannot substitute for this occupation's wages
Does not establish：Industry and above-designated-size enterprise category wages cover multiple occupations and include bonuses and other remuneration under their definitions; they do not equal base pay or total compensation.
These are capability relationships, not automatic promotions or credential waivers.
Transfers：Knowledge of accounting and reporting standards
Build next：Need to develop technical oversight skills in accounting and reporting
View career profileTransfers：Asset allocation and investment processes
Build next：Need to develop portfolio investment decision skills
View career profileTransfers：Administrative and support management knowledge
Build next：Need to develop administrative and support coordination skills
View career profileTransfers：Process and business analysis
Build next：Need to develop process and business diagnosis skills
View career profileTransfers：Auditing standards and assurance methods
Build next：Need to develop auditing and assurance practice skills
View career profileTransfers：Business operations and governance knowledge
Build next：Need to develop overall business decision-making skills
View career profileTransfers：Credit analysis and risk-control methods
Build next：Need to develop borrower credit assessment skills
View career profileTransfers：Operations and organizational management knowledge
Build next：Need to develop operations and general management skills
View career profileResponsibilities differ: this occupation coordinates an institution's or department's financial activities and takes responsibility for results; treasurers and controllers mainly provide technical supervision of accounting and reporting; administrative services managers oversee institutional administration and support; investment fund managers make portfolio investment decisions; management analysts diagnose organizational processes and business improvements; accountants and auditors practice auditing and assurance; and chief executives make overall institutional business decisions.
U.S. O*NET-SOC 11-3031.00, Financial Managers, corresponds to SOC 11-3031. It is in Job Zone Four (considerable preparation needed, SVP 7.0 to <8.0), has interest code EC, and is designated Bright Outlook. In the education survey, about 56% report a bachelor's degree requirement, 21% a postbaccalaureate certificate, and 14% a high school diploma or equivalent. The median and wage percentiles are BLS OEWS estimates for this exact occupation (May 2025, presented through O*NET). Employment and growth use both the 2024—2034 projection scope presented by O*NET and the BLS OOH 2025—2035 scope; this page labels them separately.
In 2025, the median hourly wage was $80.08 and the median annual wage $166,570. The 10th, 25th, 75th, and 90th percentiles were approximately $94,310, $125,490, $219,980, and $323,270/year (May 2025 OEWS, exact occupation 11-3031, presented through O*NET). By industry, wages were about $174,170 in professional and technical services, $172,340 in management of companies and enterprises, $169,980 in finance and insurance, $164,400 in manufacturing, and $139,810 in government excluding state and local education and hospitals (May 2025, BLS OOH). OEWS generally excludes bonuses and equity incentives.
The 2024—2034 projection scope presented by O*NET shows about 868,600 employed people (2024), growth much faster than average (7% or higher), and approximately 74,600 projected annual job openings (an annual average over the projection period). The BLS OOH (2025—2035) scope shows about 879,700 jobs (2025), +10% (about +84,900 people), and about 65,600 annual openings. The statistical scopes and periods differ; this page labels them separately without conversion.
The National Bureau of Statistics materials checked in this round use industry sections and job categories; no national wage statistic precisely matching this individual occupation was obtained. This page uses industry average wages for leasing and business services (non-private units: 110,162 yuan/year; private units: 68,919 yuan/year) and scientific research and technical services (non-private: 182,064 yuan/year; private: 83,560 yuan/year), plus average wages by job category in enterprises above designated size (middle and senior managers: 210,016 yuan/year, closer in level; clerical and related personnel: 94,936 yuan/year), as contextual proxies only. Industry averages, job-category averages, and single recruitment quotes do not replace occupational wages.
O*NET places this occupation in Job Zone Four (considerable preparation needed, SVP 7.0 to <8.0) and designates it Bright Outlook. In the education survey, about 56% report a bachelor's degree requirement, 21% a postbaccalaureate certificate, and 14% a high school diploma or equivalent. BLS states that typical entry-level education is a bachelor's degree, requiring 5 years or more of related occupational experience (such as accounting, securities sales, or financial analysis), with no additional on-the-job training required. Common mainland Chinese requirements include accounting-, finance-, economics-, or management-related education plus professional credentials and management experience. Actual requirements depend on recruitment postings and local rules.
A more precise judgment is that tools will take over steps such as forecasting, report consolidation, reconciliation, and report drafting, while the occupation overall mainly experiences augmentation and a shift toward higher-level responsibilities. The ILO's 2023 study shows substantial differences in task exposure across occupations, with relatively lower shares of highly exposed tasks in managerial and professional occupations. Technical feasibility does not mean institutions have adopted the technology. Delegated approvals, funding arrangements, internal-control design, and disclosure responsibility require professional judgment and authority. The conclusion is therefore that working methods and the focus of responsibility will change, rather than the entire occupation being replaced.
No. The median is the midpoint of the wage distribution during the same statistical period, not starting pay. O*NET work-context data show almost universally regular schedules (99%); 73% work more than 40 hours per week and 27% work 40 hours. Work mainly involves sitting and meetings (64% sit continually or almost continually), 99% use email daily, and 65% have very high responsibility for others' work outcomes. OEWS generally excludes bonuses and equity incentives; institution types and grades also affect actual income.
Yes, but the usual path starts with experience in related roles. BLS states that typical entry-level education is a bachelor's degree, requiring 5 years or more of related occupational experience, commonly in accounting, securities sales, or financial analysis, with no additional on-the-job training required. In the O*NET education survey, about 56% report a bachelor's degree requirement. Employers focus on financial analysis fundamentals, awareness of authority and internal controls, and team management. Common mainland Chinese requirements include accounting-, finance-, economics-, or management-related education plus professional credentials and management experience. Feasibility depends on the target employer and local rules. This page does not replace original accounting and disclosure standards or provide financial, tax, or legal advice.
FermatMind career content research process
2026-10-11
This round checked O*NET11-3031 tasks, EC, Job Zone, education, and work context; BLS SOC11-3031 projections, OOH financial management types and industry and employer tables for the same SOC, May2025 national wages; NBS2025 industries and above-designated-size categories, OEWS definitions, and ILO/NIST scopes.
Limitations：U.S. occupational information does not automatically establish mainland China's accounting and disclosure standards, delegated approval rules, or eligibility requirements.
Limitations：U.S. occupational statistics; these do not address mainland China's accounting and disclosure standards or eligibility requirements.
Limitations：Projections are not actual results. Average annual openings include replacement needs and cannot be converted into personal hiring probabilities. The two projection scopes cover different periods.
Limitations：Occupational wage statistics: the median is not starting pay. OEWS excludes bonuses and equity incentives; institution types and grades also affect actual income.
Limitations：Industry and job-category average wages cover multiple occupations and cannot be treated as this occupation's median or starting pay; they also exclude bonuses and equity incentives.
Limitations：Task exposure does not equal actual adoption, productivity, or job changes. People still bear responsibility for delegated approvals, internal controls, and disclosure.
Limitations：The governance framework contains no occupational or employment statistics and cannot serve as occupational-outlook or employment evidence.
Limitations：Not an external source of occupational facts; does not replace official statistics or jurisdictional rules.
Limitations：Editorial ratings use the existing occupational responsibilities and AI task analysis on this page. They are not adoption rates, measured effects, job-disappearance or personal-unemployment probabilities, or official scores from Stanford or another external institution. No measured time weights or future robot deployment are assumed.
Current SOC projections: 879700 / 9.7% / 65600; OOH10% is rounding for the same SOC, covering multiple financial management types. Exact CN wages/classification, national education, qualification, and incentive distributions, AI product capabilities and adoption effects, comparative personality validity, and original local standards and legal texts were not obtained. Protected FAQ/Hero and shared old sources retain conflicts involving 868600 / 74600, two scopes, exclusion of accounting/reporting supervisors, exclusion of all bonuses, no training requirements, and an overall upward shift in responsibilities. Whole-page consistency is not signed off.
MBTI (English) · Big Five (English) · MBTI (Chinese) · Big Five (Chinese)
Check internal-control and conflict-of-interest requirements
Check the team and assessment arrangements
Specify actual uses and access scope; a tool list does not replace financial judgment and management ability.
State that the sample approach is only an example, not the only correct method.
This exercise does not constitute financial, tax, legal, or compliance conclusions. Authorized personnel and institutions make authorization, disclosure, and penalty judgments under applicable policies.
| Can you revise plans as required and maintain approval trails? |
| Demonstrate adherence to standards through revision and review records. |
| Short-term performance does not establish long-term management ability. |
| After joining | Can you follow authorization, disclosure, and confidentiality policies? | Demonstrate traceability through approval and disclosure records. | Following policies does not replace regulatory and standards requirements. |
|---|
Write whether you want to continue, what you need to develop, and which decisions you cannot make yourself.
| Some specialized management roles |
| About 21% in the O*NET education survey |
| Not universally required |
| According to institution and role requirements |
| No uniform program length obtained in this round; verify by program |
| A certificate does not establish experience coordinating finances |
| High school diploma or equivalent | A respondent category in O*NET's education survey for new hires | About 14% in the O*NET education survey | Not universally required | On-the-job experience and promotion | Years of practice | This education level is not a universal occupational threshold; experience is also needed |
|---|
| Related occupational experience (5 years or more) | Occupation covered by BLS's typical experience classification | Listed by BLS as the occupation's typical experience requirement | BLS typical: 5 years or more; check actual employer requirements posting by posting | Gain experience in accounting, analysis, or sales roles | Five years or more | Years of experience do not establish the ability to independently exercise all delegated authority |
|---|
| CPA or management accounting credentials | Accounting and disclosure oversight roles | Qualification preparation for some roles; OOH says certification is not universally required | Depends on institution and role requirements | Examination and credential-maintenance cycle | Several months to several years | Qualifications do not replace management experience and authorization |
|---|
| Internal-control and compliance training | Roles involving authorization and disclosure | Meet internal-control, disclosure, and conflict-of-interest requirements | Depends on institution and business-line requirements | Institutional training or courses | Several hours to several days | Training does not waive disclosure or compliance obligations |
|---|
Typical scope：Take responsibility for shared-service center processes, quality, and teams
Readiness evidence：Policy and checking records (editorial suggestion)
Credential boundary：Primarily process and team management experience
Next moves：Develop toward shared-service management
Typical scope：Take responsibility for departmental finance functions and the team
Readiness evidence：Policy and management records (editorial suggestion)
Credential boundary：Primarily credentials and experience
Next moves：Develop toward finance department management
Limitations：Applies only to this occupational description; authorization, disclosure, internal-control, and conflict-of-interest requirements need separate verification against institutional policies and local regulations.
