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Directly supervise and coordinate the work of production and operating personnel, such as inspectors, precision workers, machine setters and operators, assemblers, fabricators, and plant and system operators (excluding team or work leaders): enforce safety and sanitation regulations; keep records of employee attendance and hours worked; inspect materials and products or equipment to detect defects or malfunctions; read and analyze charts and work orders and production schedules and other records and reports to determine production requirements and to evaluate current production estimates and outputs; develop and establish work schedules and task assignments and production sequences to meet production goals; confer with other supervisors to coordinate operations and activities within or between departments; explain specifications and drawings and work orders and company policies and procedures to workers; observe work and monitor indicators such as gauges and dials to ensure that operators conform to production or processing standards; direct and coordinate the activities of employees engaged in the production or processing of goods, such as inspectors and machine setters and fabricators; conduct employee training in equipment operations or work and safety procedures or assign training to experienced employees; evaluate employee performance; confer with management or subordinates to resolve worker problems and complaints and grievances; determine standards and budgets and production goals and quotas according to company policies and equipment and staffing availability and workload; compute labor and equipment requirements and production specifications using standard formulas; recommend or implement measures to motivate employees and to improve production methods or equipment performance or product quality or efficiency; maintain operations data such as hours worked and production and cost and prepare management reports of production results; requisition materials and supplies and equipment parts or repair services; set up and adjust machines and equipment; recommend or execute personnel actions such as hiring and evaluation and promotion; and plan and develop new products and production processes.
This list is for self-questioning only and does not constitute hiring standards, competency scoring, or safety or quality evaluation conclusions. This page is written according to the United States O*NET-SOC 51-1011.00 'First-Line Supervisors of Production and Operating Workers' (the fixed index gives this asset the Chinese name whose English rendering is 'Production and Operating Worker First-Line Supervisors', and the body text is developed according to that official occupational scope). The official scope explicitly includes 'Excludes team or work leaders.', and on that basis this page writes 'excluding team or work leaders' into the scope statement. First-line supervisors who belong to production floor management differ greatly: machining and metal products workshops, electronics and electrical assembly lines, food and beverage processing, chemical and pharmaceutical production, textile and apparel manufacturing, automotive and parts manufacturing, packaging and printing workshops, mining and ore dressing sites, and utilities and energy facility operations; they may lead only one team or one production line or one shift, or they may simultaneously manage multiple production lines and multiple shifts and upstream and downstream processes and outsourcing. Before comparing positions or development paths, first verify: the education and experience requirements for the position, whether special operations and equipment operation and safety and occupational health qualifications are required, whether scheduling and output and quality and cost and budget management responsibilities must be borne, whether shift work and high temperature and high pressure and dust and chemicals and noise and other working environments are involved, and the record-keeping requirements for process and quality and safety and equipment and personnel and output records.
The work of first-line supervisors of production and operating workers unfolds around the cycle of 'scheduling and work assignment and production sequence — safety and equipment and process parameter monitoring and inspection rounds — first-article and in-process and finished-product quality review — anomaly and shutdown and quality accident handling — performance and training and personnel management — output and cost and records and reports and analysis and improvement': at the start of a period, read and analyze charts and work orders and production schedules and other records and reports to determine production requirements and to evaluate current production estimates and outputs, develop and establish work schedules and task assignments and production sequences to meet production goals, and explain specifications and drawings and work orders and company policies and procedures to workers; during operation monitoring, enforce safety and sanitation regulations, inspect materials and products or equipment to detect defects or malfunctions, observe work and monitor indicators such as gauges and dials to ensure that operators conform to production or processing standards, and set up and adjust machines and equipment; in the quality and anomaly handling stage, direct and coordinate the work of employees engaged in the production or processing of goods, handle first-article and in-process and finished-product quality and rework and repair and line stoppage anomalies, and confer with other supervisors to coordinate operations and activities within or between departments; carry out personnel and performance management, evaluate employee performance, conduct employee training in equipment operations or work and safety procedures or assign training to experienced employees, confer with management or subordinates to resolve worker problems and complaints and grievances, and recommend or execute personnel actions such as hiring and evaluation and promotion; in the cost and improvement stage, determine standards and budgets and production goals and quotas according to company policies and equipment and staffing availability and workload, compute labor and equipment requirements and production specifications using standard formulas, recommend or implement measures to motivate employees and to improve production methods or equipment performance or product quality or efficiency, maintain operations data such as hours worked and production and cost and prepare management reports of production results, requisition materials and supplies and equipment parts or repair services, and plan and develop new products and production processes; and at the same time keep records of employee attendance and hours worked. The emphasis differs greatly across settings: the machining direction emphasizes dimensional precision and fixtures and changeover and equipment maintenance, the electronics assembly direction emphasizes electrostatic protection and solder joints and testing and yield, the food and beverage direction emphasizes hygiene and shelf life and batch traceability and cleaning and disinfection, the chemical and pharmaceutical direction emphasizes process parameters and safety interlocks and batch records and clean areas, the automotive and parts direction emphasizes takt time and standardized work and error proofing and line stoppage response, the packaging and printing direction emphasizes job changeover and color and material loss, the mining and ore dressing direction emphasizes safety procedures and equipment and grade and capacity, and the utilities and energy facility direction emphasizes operating parameters and emergency response and environmental compliance.
'Manufacturing' urban non-private units 113,594 yuan/year (2025)
Industry average scope, covering multiple occupations, and cannot replace the wage for this occupation.
'Mining' urban non-private units 143,361 yuan/year (2025)
O*NET OnLine First-Line Supervisors of Production and Operating Workers (51-1011.00) occupational profile｜https://www.onetonline.org/link/summary/51-1011.00；BLS Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS)｜https://www.bls.gov/oes/；BLS Occupational Projections and Characteristics tables｜https://www.bls.gov/emp/tables/occupational-projections-and-characteristics.htm
| Entry direction | Starting tasks | Preparable evidence | Work that can be shown even without experience | Explanation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Operation and assembly and inspection positions | Complete equipment operation and assembly or inspection and records under mentorship | Operation and inspection records | Write out the key points of pre-shift inspection and first-article confirmation | Training-oriented scenario; attention must be paid to special operation and safety requirements |
| Machinery and metal products team leader | Assign work by process and equipment and control dimensions and quality and equipment and safety | Scheduling and quality records | Write out the key points of scheduling and work assignment and first-article and in-process review | Machining-oriented scenario; attention must be paid to tolerances and fixtures and safety |
This page is written according to the United States O*NET-SOC 51-1011.00 'First-Line Supervisors of Production and Operating Workers' (the fixed index gives this asset the Chinese name whose English rendering is 'Production and Operating Worker First-Line Supervisors'): directly supervise and coordinate the work of production and operating personnel, such as inspectors, precision workers, machine setters and operators, assemblers, fabricators, and plant and system operators (the official scope explicitly excludes team or work leaders). Specifically this includes: enforce safety and sanitation regulations; keep records of employee attendance and hours worked; inspect materials and products or equipment to detect defects or malfunctions; read and analyze charts and work orders and production schedules and other records and reports to determine production requirements and to evaluate current production estimates and outputs; develop and establish work schedules and task assignments and production sequences to meet production goals; confer with other supervisors to coordinate operations and activities within or between departments; explain specifications and drawings and work orders and company policies and procedures to workers; observe work and monitor indicators such as gauges and dials to ensure that operators conform to production or processing standards; direct and coordinate the activities of employees engaged in the production or processing of goods, such as inspectors and machine setters and fabricators; conduct employee training in equipment operations or work and safety procedures or assign training to experienced employees; evaluate employee performance; confer with management or subordinates to resolve worker problems and complaints and grievances; determine standards and budgets and production goals and quotas according to company policies and equipment and staffing availability and workload; compute labor and equipment requirements and production specifications using standard formulas; recommend or implement measures to motivate employees and to improve production methods or equipment performance or product quality or efficiency; maintain operations data such as hours worked and production and cost and prepare management reports of production results; requisition materials and supplies and equipment parts or repair services; set up and adjust machines and equipment; recommend or execute personnel actions such as hiring and evaluation and promotion; and plan and develop new products and production processes. Common reported job titles include assembly supervisor and production line supervisor and manufacturing supervisor and molding supervisor and plant supervisor and production manager and quality assurance supervisor.
Verify with a paper exercise: you are given a completely fictional production team task (the product and process and production line and shift and output target, the machining or assembly or packaging or inspection items and pass rate and delivery date to be completed in the current period, the available personnel and equipment and fixtures and materials and energy, one incident of equipment failure or batch quality accident or material shortage or understaffing or safety incident, and the scheduling and work assignment and production sequence and process and quality and safety and output and cost and records that need to be completed), and you are required to write out the shift and equipment and process assignment, the production sequence and changeover and first-article confirmation, safety and equipment and process parameter monitoring and inspection rounds, the handling path and reporting for anomalies and line stoppage and rework and repair, the performance and training and record and reporting requirements, the coordination with equipment and quality and planning and warehousing and engineering, and the records and reports related to scheduling and output and quality and equipment and safety, and to mark which decisions must be made by the head of production or process or safety or quality.
Signals more worth considering: willingness to lead a team in the workshop and on the production line over the long term and bear safety and quality and output and delivery pressure; the ability to improve the team through scheduling and standardization and inspection rounds and improvement; willingness to work in shift work and noise and temperature and dust and other working environments. Signals to be cautious about: unwillingness to bear line stoppage and quality accidents and safety incidents and personnel conflict; difficulty accepting a standardized and data-driven and continuous improvement way of working; imagining this kind of work as merely operating equipment yourself without having to lead people and manage safety and manage quality.
This card is a career exploration reference and does not constitute a hiring, competency scoring, safety, or quality conclusion.
First judge whether you are willing to make production floor management a long-term career: it requires leading a production and operations team over the long term, bearing safety and quality and output and cost goals, organizing scheduling and on-site supervision according to process and institutional rules, and bearing management responsibility for team work safety and product quality; verify this with the paper exercise and the seven-day task on this page.
United States O*NET-SOC 51-1011.00 'First-Line Supervisors of Production and Operating Workers': directly supervise and coordinate the work of production and operating personnel, such as inspectors, precision workers, machine setters and operators, assemblers, fabricators, and plant and system operators; excluding team or work leaders.
Work context｜First-line supervisors of production and operating workers focus on scheduling and work assignment and safety and parameter monitoring and quality and anomaly handling, and their workload is driven by orders and output and takt time and equipment status and material supply. O*NET work context shows the work schedule is mainly regular (regular 73%, irregular 26%); continuous contact with others (continuous contact 90%); face-to-face discussions every day 88%; telephone conversations every day 67% (never 15%); use of email every day 85% (never 15%); rating collaboration with the team as extremely important 66%, very important 21%, and important 13%; rating coordinating or leading others as extremely important 54%, very important 21%, and important 11%; rating precision or accuracy as important or above, totaling 99% (extremely important 41%, very important 41%, important 17%); rating the consequences of error as extremely severe 27%, serious 25%, fairly serious 23%, and not at all serious 14%; very high responsibility for the health and safety of others 51% and high responsibility 41%; very high responsibility for work outcomes and the results of others 54%, high responsibility 32%, and moderate responsibility 14%; rating the impact of decisions as very important results 50% and important results 35%; needing to make decisions every day 73% and once a week or more 17%; decision freedom very much 51% and some 39%; freedom to determine tasks and priorities and goals very much 41% and some 49%; among weekly working hours, 17% are 40 hours and 83% exceed 40 hours; strict deadlines every day 69%, once a week or more 15%, and once a month or more 13%; needing to handle unpleasant or angry or discourteous people every day 29%, once a week or more 35%, and once a year or more 29%; conflict situations every day 29%, once a week or more 34%, once a month or more 18%, and once a year or more 17%; exposure to distracting noise every day 72% and once a week or more 14%; exposure to hazardous equipment every day 59% and once a week or more 26%; exposure to hazardous conditions every day 40%, once a year or more 18%, and never 29%; exposure to contaminants every day 55%, once a week or more 15%, and never 28%; exposure to extreme heat or extreme cold every day 32%, once a week or more 38%, and never 14%; exposure to minor burns or cuts or bites or stings every day 21% and once a week or more 26%; needing to wear regular protective or safety equipment every day 92%; working indoors in an uncontrolled environment every day 63% (never 13%); working indoors in a controlled environment every day 50% (never 39%); working outdoors in all weather conditions every day 13%, once a week or more 15%, and once a month or more 26% (never 32%); working outdoors under cover every day 18% and never 52%; standing continuously or almost continuously 36%, more than half the time 34%, and about half the time 23%; walking or running continuously or almost continuously 31% and about half the time 33%; using hands to handle or control or feel objects or tools or controls continuously or almost continuously 21%, more than half the time 17%, and about half the time 19%; doing repetitive motions more than half the time 24% and about half the time 16% (never 14%); sitting is mainly less than half the time 59% (about half the time 21%, never 12%); the pace being determined by equipment speed is rated extremely important 41%, very important 22%, and important 21%; the degree of automation of the work is highly automated 17%, moderately 34%, and not at all 38%; the level of competition is highly competitive 40%, moderately competitive 33%, and slightly competitive 16%; rating dealing with external customers or the public as extremely important 26%, very important 17%, and important 12% (not at all important 31%). Main objects｜Production team personnel such as inspection and precision and machine setting and operation and assembly and fabrication and plant and system operation personnel, equipment and fixtures and instruments and gauges and materials and work-in-process and finished products, and records such as process and quality and safety and equipment and hours and output and cost. Collaboration relationships｜Collaborate with production managers and planning and process and equipment and quality and safety and warehousing and procurement and engineering personnel, other supervisors and shifts and departments, suppliers and repair service providers, and customers or resident representatives. Tools and materials｜Production and manufacturing execution systems and equipment monitoring and dashboards, gauges and testing and trial and first-article and sampling tools, fixtures and cutting tools and molds and spare parts, safety and protection and emergency equipment, scheduling and attendance and hours and cost and reporting tools, and process and drawing and work standard and quality and safety materials. Institutional basis｜Work safety and occupational health and fire protection and special equipment and hazardous chemicals and electricity requirements, process and work standards and quality control and measurement and inspection specifications, equipment operation and inspection and maintenance and lockout-tagout and confined space and work at height provisions, working hours and scheduling and overtime and employment provisions, and production and quality and safety and equipment and hours and cost record management provisions. Record requirements｜Scheduling and attendance and pre-shift safety briefing records, equipment inspection and operation and repair and lockout-tagout records, first-article and in-process and finished-product inspection and nonconforming product and rework and repair and line stoppage records, hours and output and cost and loss and report records, and training and performance and personnel and requisition records must be kept on file according to institutional rules. Practice boundaries｜Matters involving process parameters and process changes and equipment modification and safety and quality determinations and special equipment and live electrical work and confined space and hazardous chemicals operations, release of nonconforming products and customer concession acceptance, personnel and employment and dismissal decisions, and environmental protection and emissions and occupational health compliance must be handled according to procedures by personnel with the corresponding qualifications or by the production and process and equipment and safety and quality leads and the competent authorities; this page does not provide specific advice on process design or safety or environmental protection or medical or legal matters. Environment and pace｜The work is mainly workshop and production line on-site inspection and command, accompanied by high-frequency radio and meetings and reports, continuous output and quality and cost and delivery pressure, and overtime and shift work during peak seasons and order fluctuations; equipment failures and quality accidents and safety incidents bring sudden high loads. Region and scope｜United States O*NET-SOC 51-1011.00 does not correspond one-to-one with the occupational classification of mainland China; the wages, employment, and growth presented on that page are for the exact occupation, and this round did not obtain a matching industry wage value for this occupation (the only main industry listed by O*NET for 2024 is 'manufacturing'); the mainland's production and safety and occupational health and environmental protection and employment requirements must be verified separately according to the location and the rules of the competent authorities.
Centered on scheduling and work assignment and safety and parameter monitoring and quality and anomaly handling and output and cost management
Historical entry note: the occupational identity, tasks, and work context of O*NET 51-1011.00 come from that exact occupational profile, and the wages, employment, growth, and openings are also for that exact occupation: median hourly wage 35.79 US dollars; median annual wage 74,450 US dollars (2025, BLS OEWS as presented by O*NET); the 10th, 25th, 75th, and 90th percentiles are approximately 47,130, 58,630, 91,680, and 108,750 US dollars/year respectively; employment in 2024 about 698,600 people; slower than average projected from 2024—2034 (Slower than average, 1% to 2%); projected average annual openings about 67,700. The main industry listed by O*NET for 2024 is manufacturing (this is the only industry listed on that page). The main items of the education survey have been published (high school diploma or equivalent 33%, some college, no degree 15%, less than a high school diploma 14%). This occupation is not marked as Bright Outlook. The official scope explicitly includes 'Excludes team or work leaders.'. The current O*NET/BLS is the 2025—2035 projection; the local old 2024—2034 employment and openings are shared with protection surfaces such as the Hero/FAQ, have not been synchronized, and are not treated as the latest.
Scheduling and work assignment and production sequence → Safety and equipment and parameter monitoring → First-article and in-process and finished-product quality review → Anomaly and shutdown and quality accident handling → Performance and training and personnel management → Output and cost and records and reports → Process and efficiency review → Institutional and standard linkage
National Bureau of Statistics 2025 urban unit wages: no separate national value is listed for this occupation; this page uses the industry average wages of 'manufacturing' (urban non-private 113,594 yuan/year), 'mining' (non-private 143,361 yuan/year), 'construction' (non-private 92,036 yuan/year), and 'leasing and business services' (non-private 110,162 yuan/year), as well as the national urban non-private units at 129,441 yuan/year, private units at 71,590 yuan/year, and the average wages by job category of enterprises above designated size, as proxies, which only explain the industry background and cannot replace the wage for this occupation. National Bureau of Statistics data are the pre-tax annual average wages of employed persons in urban units; the total wage bill is counted as labor remuneration according to statistical rules and cannot be summarized as excluding all bonuses, allowances, or overtime pay. National, industry, and job group averages can none of them replace the personal income of this occupation or the quotes of specific employment contracts.
Scheduling and attendance and pre-shift safety briefing records, equipment inspection and operation and repair and lockout-tagout records, first-article and in-process and finished-product inspection and nonconforming product and rework and line stoppage records, hours and output and cost and loss and report and requisition records
Historical entry note: scope note: the United States wages on this page (median hourly wage 35.79 US dollars, median annual wage 74,450 US dollars), employment (about 698,600 people in 2024), growth (slower than average from 2024—2034, 1% to 2%), and openings (about 67,700/year) are all for that exact occupation (May 2025 OEWS and BLS projections, as presented by O*NET); this occupation is not marked as Bright Outlook. No table readable by industry was found for industry-specific wages on this occupation's page, and this page marks it as 'insufficient evidence'; the only main industry listed by O*NET for 2024 is 'manufacturing'. The China data are national, industry, and job category proxies, not the wage for this occupation. The current O*NET/BLS is the 2025—2035 projection; the local old 2024—2034 employment and openings are shared with protection surfaces such as the Hero/FAQ, have not been synchronized, and are not treated as the latest.
Scheduling and work assignment and production sequence → Safety and equipment and parameter monitoring → First-article and in-process and finished-product quality review → Anomaly and shutdown and quality accident handling → Performance and training and personnel management → Output and cost and records and reports → Process and efficiency review
This page has not verified item by item the original text of work safety and occupational health and fire protection and special equipment and hazardous chemicals and electricity requirements, process and work standards and quality control and measurement and inspection specifications, equipment operation and inspection and maintenance and lockout-tagout and confined space and work at height provisions, working hours and scheduling and overtime and employment provisions, and production and quality and safety and equipment and hours and cost record management provisions; matters involving process parameters and process changes and equipment modification and safety and quality determinations and special equipment and live electrical work and confined space and hazardous chemicals operations, release of nonconforming products and customer concession acceptance, personnel and employment and dismissal decisions, and environmental protection and emissions and occupational health compliance must be confirmed separately against the original requirements of the institutional rules, the competent authorities, and the production and process and equipment and safety and quality leads, and this page does not provide specific advice on process design or safety or environmental protection or medical or legal matters.
Scheduling and attendance and pre-shift safety briefing records, equipment inspection and operation and repair and lockout-tagout records, first-article and in-process and finished-product inspection and nonconforming product and rework and line stoppage records, and hours and output and cost and loss and report and requisition records must be kept on file on your own for later review, verification, and accountability.
Production management occupations are often conflated; the way to distinguish them is to look at where the responsibilities land and what the output is: this occupation's main output is production team scheduling and work assignment, safety and parameter monitoring, first-article and in-process and finished-product quality review and anomaly handling and output and cost management, and it is a first-line management position (the official scope explicitly excludes team or work leaders); assemblers and fabricators and machinists and welders and cutters and machine setters and operators and packaging and filling operators have specific machining or assembly or welding or operating work as their output; inspectors and testers and sorters and samplers have inspection and testing and sampling as their output; production planning and expediting clerks have planning and scheduling and expediting and order tracking as their output; industrial machinery mechanics and maintenance and repair workers have equipment maintenance and overhaul and troubleshooting as their output; production and operating managers have multiple production lines and multiple shifts and budget and strategy as their output and have a larger management span. This occupation does not include positions focused on individual operating work, nor does it include manager-level positions focused on multiple plants and budgets.
Group by shift and production line and process, with pre-shift briefing and process and quality and safety review and records
Directly supervise and coordinate the work of production and operating personnel, such as inspectors, precision workers, machine setters and operators, assemblers, fabricators, and plant and system operators; excluding team or work leaders.
The objects are production and operation and inspection and assembly and fabrication teams, equipment and fixtures and gauges and materials and work-in-process and finished products; the basis is safety and occupational health and fire protection requirements, process and work standards and quality control specifications and equipment and record management provisions
The objects include production team personnel such as inspection and precision and machine setting and operation and assembly and fabrication and plant and system operation personnel, equipment and fixtures and instruments and gauges and materials and work-in-process and finished products, and records such as process and quality and safety and equipment and hours and output and cost; the basis is work safety and occupational health and fire protection and special equipment and hazardous chemicals and electricity requirements, process and work standards and quality control and measurement and inspection specifications, equipment operation and inspection and maintenance and lockout-tagout and confined space and work at height provisions, working hours and scheduling and overtime and employment provisions, and production and quality and safety and equipment and hours and cost record management provisions.
Occupational boundaries: this page is written according to the United States O*NET-SOC 51-1011.00 'First-Line Supervisors of Production and Operating Workers' and refers to first-line supervisors who directly supervise and coordinate the work of production and operating personnel (the official scope explicitly excludes team or work leaders); it does not include assemblers and machinists and welders and machine operators whose output is specific machining or assembly or welding or operating work, inspectors and testers whose output is inspection and testing and sampling, production planning and expediting clerks whose output is planning and expediting, or industrial machinery mechanics and maintenance and repair workers whose output is equipment maintenance and overhaul, nor does it include production and operating manager-level positions focused on multiple production lines and budgets; it does not provide specific advice on process design or safety or environmental protection or medical or legal matters.
Centered on production team scheduling and safety and parameter monitoring and quality and anomaly handling and output and cost management, with attention also to performance and training and personnel and records and improvement
Scheduling and work assignment and production sequence → Safety and equipment and parameter monitoring → First-article and in-process and finished-product quality review → Anomaly and shutdown and quality accident handling
Shift and production line and output and quality records
Scheduling and attendance and pre-shift safety briefing records, equipment inspection and operation and repair records, first-article and in-process and finished-product inspection and nonconforming product and rework and line stoppage records, hours and output and cost and loss records
Responsibility for the work safety and product quality and output and cost of the shift and production line is borne by the person themselves
Responsibility for the work safety and product quality and output and cost of the shift and production line is borne by the person themselves; matters involving process parameters and process changes and equipment modification and safety and quality determinations and special equipment and live electrical work and confined space and hazardous chemicals operations, release of nonconforming products and customer concession acceptance, personnel and employment and dismissal decisions, and environmental protection and emissions and occupational health compliance must be handled according to procedures by personnel with the corresponding qualifications or by the production and process and equipment and safety and quality leads and the competent authorities, and scheduling and equipment and inspection and line stoppage and rework and hours and output and cost records must be kept on file according to institutional rules.
In situations such as safety conditions not being met or equipment guarding and interlocks and lockout-tagout not being implemented, process parameters or process changes exceeding authorization, doubts about quality determinations or the release of nonconforming products, unclear authorization for special equipment or hazardous chemicals or live electrical work or confined space operations, and unexplainable output or cost or loss data, work must stop and confirmation must be sought from the production or process or equipment or safety or quality lead
In situations such as equipment guarding or safety interlocks or lockout-tagout conditions not being met, process parameters or formulas or process changes exceeding one's own authorization, the occurrence of batch quality accidents or customer complaints or recall risk, the need to determine the release of nonconforming products or concession acceptance, involvement of special equipment or hazardous chemicals or confined space or live electrical work, and unexplainable discrepancies in output or cost or loss or hours data, the relevant action must stop and be reported according to procedures to the production lead and the process and equipment and safety and quality departments.
The workload is affected by orders and output and takt time and delivery dates and equipment status and material supply and staff attendance and skill structure
A single shift's or a single period's output or quality metrics do not constitute a final conclusion about an individual's management ability; production performance is affected by order and equipment and material and personnel factors
Before entering this occupation, verify item by item: the education and experience requirements for the position; whether qualifications for special operations and equipment operation and safety and occupational health and hazardous chemicals and forklifts and lifting are required; whether scheduling and output and quality and cost and budget management responsibilities must be borne; whether shift work and high temperature and high pressure and dust and chemicals and noise and other working environments are involved; and the record-keeping and verification requirements for process and quality and safety and equipment and personnel and output records.
Verify education and experience requirements
Confirm the correspondence between education (the main items of the education survey are high school or equivalent 33%, some college, no degree 15%, less than high school 14%) and production or equipment or process or team management experience
Verify special operation and operating qualifications
Confirm qualification and refresher training requirements for special equipment and electrician and welding and forklift and lifting and hazardous chemicals and confined space and the like (if applicable)
Verify safety and occupational health requirements
Confirm the safety procedures and occupational health and protection and medical examination and occupational hazard notification requirements
Verify scheduling and employment arrangements
Confirm the shift work and overtime and night shift and piece-rate or performance and outsourcing employment policies
Verify record and report requirements
Confirm the record-keeping and verification requirements for process and equipment and first-article and in-process and finished-product and nonconforming product and line stoppage and hours and output and cost records
Verify the composition of compensation and assessment
Confirm the composition and assessment cycle of base pay, performance, overtime, night shift, and team leader allowances; this page does not provide legal or compensation advice
All of the directions above are related to production manufacturing or equipment, but their primary tasks and outputs differ; when comparing, first look at four points: whether the primary output is production team scheduling and work assignment and safety and parameter monitoring and quality and anomaly handling and output and cost management, or specific machining and assembly and welding work, specific inspection and testing and sampling, specific planning and expediting and order tracking, or equipment maintenance and overhaul.
The basis for comparison is the official occupational profiles of O*NET 51-1011.00 and related occupations (tasks, work activities, and preparation levels) as well as the BLS occupational and wage statistics. These materials describe the occupational scope and do not represent whether an individual can transfer, whether they can obtain special operation and equipment operation and safety and occupational health qualifications, or the shift work and physical and working environment requirements of a particular position; the training, qualifications, and experience needed for a transfer must be verified item by item according to the target position and local regulations.
The following occupations are in the same production manufacturing chain, but their responsibilities land in different places; use them to help locate a direction, not to substitute for one another.
Has specific assembly and fabrication work as its output; this occupation has production team scheduling and safety and quality and output management as its output
If you prefer hands-on assembly and fabrication and adjustment, choose that direction; if you prefer leading a team and scheduling and safety and quality and cost management, choose this occupation
Complete part assembly and fabrication and self-inspection according to process documents
Assemblers and Fabricators
Has machine tool machining and precision part manufacturing as its output; this occupation has multi-process and multi-equipment team organization and quality management as its output
If you prefer machine tool operation and programming and precision machining, choose that direction; if you prefer scheduling and work assignment and quality and equipment and personnel management, choose this occupation
Operate machine tools and complete part machining and measurement and process adjustment
Has welding and cutting and brazing work as its output; this occupation has cross-process team organization and safety and quality management as its output
If you prefer welding and cutting techniques and certification and work, choose that direction; if you prefer shift and process organization and safety supervision, choose this occupation
Complete welding and cutting and brazing and self-inspection according to drawings and processes
Welders, Cutters, and Brazers
Has inspection and testing and sampling and weighing work as its output; this occupation has the quality system and nonconforming product and line stoppage handling as its output
If you prefer advancing in inspection and measurement and sampling positions, choose that direction; if you prefer quality determination and anomaly handling and personnel management, choose this occupation
Carry out first-article and in-process and finished-product inspection and records according to inspection specifications
Inspectors, Testers, Sorters, Samplers, and Weighers
Has planning and scheduling and expediting and order tracking as its output; this occupation has on-site work assignment and execution and anomaly handling as its output
If you prefer planning and scheduling and material and delivery date follow-up, choose that direction; if you prefer on-site work assignment and safety and quality and personnel management, choose this occupation
Prepare production plans and schedules and follow up materials and delivery dates and work orders
Production, Planning, and Expediting Clerks
Has equipment maintenance and overhaul and troubleshooting as its output; this occupation has team organization and production and safety management as its output
If you prefer equipment overhaul and diagnosis and preventive maintenance, choose that direction; if you prefer cross-equipment team organization and safety and cost management, choose this occupation
Carry out inspection and preventive maintenance and troubleshooting on production equipment
Industrial Machinery Mechanics
Use the order of 'whether the primary output is production team scheduling and work assignment and safety and parameter monitoring and quality and anomaly handling and output and cost management, or specific assembly and fabrication, machine tool machining, welding and cutting, inspection and testing and sampling, planning and expediting, equipment maintenance and overhaul' to compare, then combine your adaptability to shift work and high temperature and high pressure and dust and chemicals and noise environments, the special operation and safety and occupational health qualification requirements, and your willingness to bear output and quality and cost management responsibilities to judge which path suits you better.
Operation and equipment and inspection and assembly personnel preparing to enter production floor management positions
First make process and equipment operation and inspection and safety solid, become familiar with scheduling and output and quality and cost and record requirements, and take on group coordination under mentorship.
Trainee supervisors who have just stepped into a shift-leading position
Turn pre-shift safety briefings, equipment inspection, first-article confirmation, in-process inspection rounds, and line stoppage and rework records into fixed habits, and when questions about process and quality and equipment and safety arise, ask the process or equipment or safety or quality lead first.
In-service team leaders and production line supervisors
Use the tools for scheduling and output and quality and equipment and loss and cost data organization, while retaining on-site judgment, safety and quality and anomaly handling, and personnel coaching responsibilities.
Production and equipment and operations managers
First clarify the process and safety and quality and personnel interfaces, then decide which links can introduce manufacturing execution and equipment monitoring and dashboard and scheduling systems, and retain manual confirmation and safety authorization.
Editorial analysis: approved scheduling, output and quality data organization, and work order drafting can be trialed, checking accuracy and rework; the adoption rate or effect measurement for this occupation was not obtained.
O*NET OnLine: First-Line Supervisors of Production and Operating Workers (51-1011.00) occupational profile
Occupational tasks, context, interests, and preparation levels; not corporate adoption rates, legal, or qualification sources of law
O*NET OnLine: Tasks and work activities materials
Occupational tasks, context, interests, and preparation levels; not corporate adoption rates, legal, or qualification sources of law
BLS Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS)
OEWS wage distribution and statistical scope; not employment projections or qualification law
BLS Occupational Projections and Characteristics tables
Overall employment projections and average annual openings; not AI attribution or individual hiring probability
ILO Working Paper 96: Generative AI and Jobs (2023)
Cross-occupational AI task exposure research; not measured adoption or effects for this occupation
NIST Artificial Intelligence Risk Management Framework (AI RMF 1.0)
Voluntary AI risk governance framework; not industry qualification, hygiene, information protection, or employment law
BLS Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) methodology note
OEWS wage distribution and statistical scope; not employment projections or qualification law
This column only answers technical tractability: judge this occupation's tasks (scheduling and hours and output and quality and equipment and loss data statistics, work order and report and work instruction and notice drafting, material and spare part and inventory ledger organization, inspection and check data summaries, training and performance material organization) by 'what the model can do', without involving whether institutions adopt them, nor process and safety and quality determinations and personnel handling responsibilities.
Editorial suggestion: trial scheduling, hours, output, and loss statistics and check the formulas and results
Process judgment, safety supervision and quality determination and personnel handling remain the responsibility of production supervisors
Editorial suggestion: trial check and inspection record summaries and check the on-site situation item by item
Safety condition determination and special operation authorization and anomaly handling responsibility remain with people
Editorial suggestion: trial cost and performance report summaries and check versions, permissions, and omissions
Nonconforming product determination and personnel evaluation and process changes must still be confirmed by people
The following evidence cards correspond respectively to international organizations' task exposure research, official occupational materials, employment and wage statistics, and governance frameworks; please read them according to their respective research objects and limitations, and do not merge them into a single conclusion.
Based on a task classification method, not actual corporate adoption or job change data
ILO Working Paper 96 (2023)
A global employment- and task-level assessment of generative AI exposure
Most jobs have only partial task exposure, and generative AI is more likely to enhance than to replace as a whole; clerical-type tasks have the highest exposure, and the proportion of highly exposed tasks among management and professional occupations is relatively low; in production floor management occupations centered on on-site safety responsibility and equipment and process judgment, technical feasibility does not mean that on-site judgment and safety responsibility can be replaced.
Used to describe the occupational scope, not a forecast of the number of positions
O*NET OnLine（51-1011.00）
Official occupational tasks and work activities
The core tasks of this occupation are to directly supervise and coordinate production and operating personnel: scheduling and work assignment and production sequence, safety and equipment and parameter monitoring, first-article and in-process and finished-product quality review, anomaly and shutdown and quality accident handling, performance and training and personnel management, and output and cost and records and reports; among these, scheduling and hours and output and quality and equipment and loss data organization and report and work instruction drafting are more easily assisted by tools, while process judgment and safety supervision and quality determination and personnel handling depend on a trained and authorized supervisor.
The projection is based on assumptions and does not equal actual results
BLS Employment Projections (2024—2034, as presented by O*NET)
Employment and openings projection
Historical entry note: as presented by O*NET, this exact occupation is projected to be slower than average from 2024—2034 (Slower than average, 1% to 2%), with average annual openings of about 67,700; the projection does not treat AI adoption as a separate variable and cannot be read as a job conclusion about AI for this occupation. The current O*NET/BLS is the 2025—2035 projection; the local old 2024—2034 employment and openings are shared with protection surfaces such as the Hero/FAQ, have not been synchronized, and are not treated as the latest.
OEWS counts the pre-tax regular-hour wages of employed persons, including commissions, incentive pay, production bonuses, and tips; it excludes overtime premiums, non-production bonuses, and employer benefit costs, and does not cover the self-employed. Regional and industry differences are reflected in the wage distribution and cannot be summarized as not counted.
BLS OEWS（May 2025）
The page presents the 2025 median hourly wage of 35.79 US dollars and the median annual wage of 74,450 US dollars; the 10th and 90th percentiles are approximately 47,130 and 108,750 US dollars/year respectively (May 2025 OEWS, as presented by O*NET). These values are only for understanding the magnitude and scope; region, industry, and shift work and overtime will noticeably affect personal income.
A governance framework, containing no occupational or employment data
AI system risk governance framework (voluntary adoption)
AI RMF1.0 is a voluntary AI risk governance framework, and its review and record-keeping methods can be referenced; the linked PDF is not an independent GenAIProfile, nor is it a source of safety, quality, or special operation law.
Whether the model can complete a certain type of process
Whether institutional systems, costs, and risk preferences permit it
Whether the number of positions and the responsibility structure change
Editorial analysis: trial material organization and drafting and measure accuracy, rework, and time; no measured evidence was obtained that this occupation has been enhanced overall, had its responsibilities moved up, or been replaced.
ILO Working Paper 96 (2023); O*NET 51-1011.00 task materials
It is recommended to learn the manufacturing execution, monitoring, and scheduling systems actually used by the target employer; the O*NET software list does not prove universal adoption rates or efficiency gains, and tools cannot replace process training and authorization.
O*NET 51-1011.00 task materials; ILO Working Paper 96
Editorial suggestion: first evaluate approved data statistics and document drafting; no intra-occupational comparative measurement of how strongly each task is affected was obtained.
ILO Working Paper 96 (2023); O*NET task materials
Insufficient evidence: no estimate was obtained of job gains or losses for this occupation caused by AI; the overall employment projection cannot prove that positions will not decrease because of tools by 2034.
BLS Employment Projections (2024—2034); ILO Working Paper 96
No. Tools can assist with scheduling and hours and output and quality and equipment and loss ledgers and report organization, but process judgment, safety condition determination, the release of nonconforming products, equipment handling, and personnel evaluation must be borne by trained and authorized personnel, and safety and quality responsibility is not decided by tools either.
NIST AI Risk Management Framework; work safety and occupational health and quality management system requirements
Insufficient evidence: the O*NET, BLS, and ILO materials consulted in this round do not provide the year this occupation will disappear as a whole, and no commitment is made about the timing of tools taking over or occupational survival.
BLS Employment Projections (2024—2034); ILO Working Paper 96
Prioritize three things: first, process and equipment and quality skills (drawings and processes and work standards, equipment operation and inspection and changeover and adjustment, gauges and inspection and first-article and in-process and finished-product control, anomaly and line stoppage and rework and repair handling); second, safety and compliance knowledge (work safety and occupational health and fire protection and special equipment and hazardous chemicals and electricity requirements, lockout-tagout and confined space and work at height, occupational hazards and protection and medical examination, working hours and scheduling and employment provisions); third, organization and data ability (scheduling and work assignment and pre-shift briefing, output and quality and cost and loss data and reports, performance and training and improvement projects). Together, the three determine whether one can bear production floor management responsibilities.
O*NET 51-1011.00; BLS employment and wage statistics
When using AI to assist with this occupation's work, it is recommended to first confirm the division of labor and authorization boundaries:
First clarify the process and safety and quality and personnel interfaces and judge which links can use tools and which decisions must be made by the production supervisor or the production and process and equipment and safety and quality leads.
Limit tools to handling only permitted links, such as scheduling and hours and output and quality and equipment and loss data statistics, work order and report and work instruction drafting, material and spare part and inventory ledger organization, and inspection and check data summaries, and do not directly produce safety condition determinations or nonconforming product release or process change conclusions.
Trained and authorized personnel verify the tool output against the actual situation of equipment and processes and materials and products, review deviations and record the reasons for human judgment, and handle and report anomalies according to procedures.
Record pre-shift safety briefings, equipment inspection and operation and repair, first-article and in-process and finished-product inspection and line stoppage and rework, and hours and output and cost and loss processes according to institutional rules so that the process is traceable; information involving employees and process and customers is transferred according to regulations.
On-site safety and product quality responsibility is borne by the production supervisor and the production or process or safety or quality lead, and tool output does not constitute a safety permit or quality determination.
Starting up or entering equipment when equipment guarding or safety interlocks or lockout-tagout conditions are not met may cause mechanical injury and electric shock and poisoning and death.
Confirm equipment guarding and interlocks and lockout-tagout and energy isolation conditions according to procedures, and stop work and report to the production and safety leads when conditions are not met.
Process parameters or formulas or process changes exceeding authorization may cause batch quality accidents and recalls and safety accidents.
Execute according to process documents and the change approval process, and changes beyond authorization must be approved by the process and quality leads and documented.
Employee and process and customer and cost information is business and personal information, and leakage may harm the rights and interests of the parties concerned.
Handle employee and process and customer and cost information according to minimum necessity and institutional rules, and do not submit it to unrelated parties or external tools.
It is recommended to observe fatigue and state during shift work, noise, and repetitive motions; this page has no occupational medical causal evidence of hearing, respiratory, skin, lower back, or sleep disorders.
Rotate and rest according to the work arrangement and correctly wear protective equipment and use assistive devices, and truthfully report physical discomfort and reasonably adjust shifts.
Engaging in special equipment or electrician or welding or forklift or lifting or hazardous chemicals operations without certification may cause casualties and legal consequences.
Clarify your own and the team's qualifications and authorization scope, and leave special equipment and electrician and welding and forklift and lifting and hazardous chemicals operations to qualified personnel to handle according to institutional rules.
Complete scheduling and work assignment and pre-shift safety briefing according to institutional rules and record them
Develop scheduling and task assignment and production sequence according to production goals and complete and record the pre-shift safety briefing and work assignment
Scheduling and work assignment and production sequence
Schedules and task lists can assist with arrangement, but scheduling decisions and safety briefings and authorization confirmation are still borne by people.
Enforce safety and sanitation regulations and inspect materials and products and equipment and monitor gauges and dials
Enforce safety and sanitation regulations and inspect materials and products or equipment to detect defects or malfunctions and observe work and monitor gauges and dials
Safety and equipment and parameter monitoring
Monitoring and alarms can be compared, but safety correction and equipment and defect handling are still the responsibility of people.
Direct and coordinate production or processing employees and carry out first-article and in-process and finished-product quality review
Direct and coordinate the work of employees engaged in the production or processing of goods and carry out first-article and in-process and finished-product quality review and rework handling
Quality and anomaly handling
Inspection data can be aggregated automatically, but quality determination and line stoppage and rework decisions are still the responsibility of people.
Evaluate employee performance and conduct training and confer to resolve worker problems and recommend personnel actions
Evaluate employee performance and conduct equipment and safety and work training and confer with management or subordinates to resolve worker problems and recommend personnel actions
Performance and training and personnel management
Training and performance tools can assist with summarization, but evaluation and personnel and training decisions are still the responsibility of people.
Determine standards and budgets and production goals and quotas and compute labor and equipment requirements
Determine standards and budgets and production goals and quotas according to company policies and equipment and staffing availability and workload and compute labor and equipment requirements using standard formulas
Output and cost and improvement
Quota and cost tools can assist with calculations, but target and budget and improvement decisions are still the responsibility of people.
Maintain operations data and prepare management reports and requisition materials and equipment parts and develop new processes
Maintain operations data such as hours worked and production and cost and prepare management reports and requisition materials and supplies and equipment parts or repair services
Records and reports and coordination
Reporting and ledger tools can assist with preparation, but data authenticity and requisition and process decisions are still the responsibility of people.
Hand over unfinished work orders and work-in-process and equipment and safety risk points according to the handover procedure
Coordinate with adjacent shifts and departments and maintenance and warehousing and hand over unfinished work orders and work-in-process and equipment and safety risk points
Shift and department coordination and handover
Communication and work order tools can assist in gathering information, but on-site coordination and handover are still the responsibility of people.
The above are task-level judgments and evidence boundaries and do not represent a definite forecast of the number of positions.
This value is likewise an industry average for urban non-private units; figures with different coverage cannot be pieced together into a wage range for this occupation.
Insufficient evidence: this round did not obtain a national single-occupation wage for this occupation in mainland China; national, industry, and job group averages are background only and are not converted into a personal monthly salary.
The statistical classification and responsibility boundaries need to be verified according to the type of unit and the region.
Industry average wages, job category averages, and recruitment quotes cannot be used interchangeably
Editorial suggestion: verify position wages, performance, overtime, night shift, and allowances according to the target employer, and separately verify the dispatch, outsourcing, and contract manufacturing contract parties; no uniform compensation composition sample for this occupation was obtained.
Verify according to the source release period; do not merge different years
Statistical period: industry averages from different years cannot be compared directly.
Industry scope covers multiple occupations
Industry coverage: industry averages cannot replace the wage for this occupation.
City and unit type differences are obvious and need to be verified by region
Regional differences: national averages cannot represent a specific region and form of employment.
Recruitment quotes are single-employer samples and do not constitute an occupational median
Sample boundaries: do not substitute a single quote for occupational income.
Editorial suggestion: use approved samples to trial scheduling and report organization and measure error and rework; the Chinese AI adoption rate, income, or demand change measurement for this occupation was not obtained.
National Bureau of Statistics data are the pre-tax annual average wages of employed persons in urban units; the total wage bill is counted as labor remuneration according to statistical rules and cannot be summarized as excluding all bonuses, allowances, or overtime pay. National, industry, and job group averages can none of them replace the personal income of this occupation or the quotes of specific employment contracts.
Education verification: according to the requirements of the Chinese target announcement
Operation and assembly and inspection positions
It is recommended to verify operation, process, and inspection experience according to the target position; the US education survey figure of 33% high school does not represent the majority and does not derive a Chinese threshold.
Some college, no degree or postsecondary certificate (manufacturing or electromechanical related)
Team leader and process and quality inspection positions
Editorial suggestion: verify process, equipment, and quality ability according to the announcement; no uniform requirement sample was obtained.
Associate's degree or above (manufacturing or electromechanical or industrial engineering related)
Production and equipment and operations management positions
Editorial suggestion: verify scheduling, output, cost, and personnel responsibilities according to the announcement; the US associate's category cannot be derived as a Chinese threshold.
Verify personal qualifications, work permits, and safety training separately
Safety and equipment and process management direction
Verify qualifications, refresher training, permits, and position authorization according to the specific operation and jurisdiction, and do not presuppose that every supervisor needs all certificates.
Employment scenarios for production floor management positions in machinery and electronics and automotive and food manufacturing
Employment scenarios for mine production and ore dressing site management positions
Construction (all-industry background, manufacturing employer matching not verified)
Building material and component production may belong to manufacturing; product use alone cannot be used to match construction wages.
National Bureau of Statistics: average wages of employed persons in urban units (industry categories and job categories, release index)｜https://www.stats.gov.cn/sj/zxfb/
Leasing and business services (industry proxy)
Insufficient evidence: this round did not obtain a national single-occupation wage for this occupation in mainland China; national, industry, and job group averages are background only and are not converted into a personal monthly salary.
This page uses industry average wages ('manufacturing' urban non-private 113,594 yuan/year, 'mining' non-private 143,361 yuan/year, 'construction' non-private 92,036 yuan/year, 'leasing and business services' non-private 110,162 yuan/year) as well as the national urban non-private units at 129,441 yuan/year, private units at 71,590 yuan/year, and the average wages by job category of enterprises above designated size as background, which cannot replace the wage for this occupation.
National Bureau of Statistics: 2025 average wages of employed persons in urban units (industry categories and job categories)｜https://www.stats.gov.cn/sj/zxfb/202605/t20260515_1963707.html
Do not substitute industry average wages, job category averages, or a single recruitment quote for the income of this occupation.
National (industry proxy)
Insufficient evidence: this round did not obtain a national single-occupation wage for this occupation in mainland China; national, industry, and job group averages are background only and are not converted into a personal monthly salary.
Region and unit type
Insufficient evidence: no matching monthly salary or complete compensation composition sample for this occupation in China was obtained; verify performance, overtime, night shift, allowances, piece-rate, and the contract party according to the employer, and a single quote does not represent the occupational wage.
Other regions and employment models
Insufficient evidence: no verifiable income statistics could be obtained for other regions and employment models (contract manufacturing and OEM and outsourced processing, utilities and energy facility operations, food and pharmaceutical clean rooms, semiconductors and precision manufacturing); the differences between regions, industries, and forms of employment are large and need to be verified one by one according to the specific position.
Production floor management in mainland China is mostly found in manufacturing workshops such as machinery and metal products and electronics and electrical and automotive and parts and food and beverage and chemical and pharmaceutical and textile and apparel and packaging and printing, mining and ore dressing sites, and utilities and energy facilities; the work safety and occupational health and fire protection and special equipment and hazardous chemicals and electricity requirements, process and work standards and quality control and measurement and inspection specifications, and working hours and scheduling and overtime and employment requirements for the relevant positions are implemented according to the rules of the location and the competent authorities, and do not correspond one-to-one with the United States occupational classification.
United States O*NET and BLS statistical scope note｜https://www.bls.gov/oes/
Slower than average (Slower than average, 1% to 2%, 2024—2034, BLS projections, as presented by O*NET)
Median hourly wage 35.79 US dollars; median annual wage 74,450 US dollars (2025, BLS OEWS as presented by O*NET)
Salary · 10th percentile｜Below 47,130 US dollars/year；May 2025 OEWS (as presented by O*NET)｜Not an entry-level starting salary.
Below 58,630 US dollars/year
Salary · 25th percentile｜Below 58,630 US dollars/year；May 2025 OEWS (as presented by O*NET)｜Not an entry-level starting salary.
Salary · Median｜74,450 US dollars/year；median hourly wage 35.79 US dollars (May 2025 OEWS, as presented by O*NET)｜Half of practitioners are below and half above this value.
Below 91,680 US dollars/year
Salary · 75th percentile｜Below 91,680 US dollars/year (original registration, not re-retrieved)；May2025OEWS｜Regular-hour wages include production bonuses and are not summarized as excluding all performance pay and allowances.
Salary · 90th percentile｜Above 108,750 US dollars/year；May 2025 OEWS (as presented by O*NET)｜Does not represent the overall ceiling for this occupation.
About 698,600 people
Employment · Employment size｜About 698,600 people (historical registration); 2024 BLS occupational projections (as presented by O*NET)｜The projected population includes the self-employed and is not equivalent to the OEWS wage population.
Slower than average (1% to 2%)
Employment · Growth rate｜Slower than average (Slower than average, 1% to 2%, 2024—2034); BLS projections (as presented by O*NET)｜Not the probability of an individual obtaining a position.
Employment · Projected openings｜About 67,700/year (2024—2034 projected annual average); BLS projections (as presented by O*NET)｜Most come from replacement needs and do not equal net new positions.
Historical entry note: the above are the occupational identity, tasks, and work context of the United States First-Line Supervisors of Production and Operating Workers (O*NET-SOC 51-1011.00), and the wages, employment, growth, and openings are also for that exact occupation (May 2025 OEWS and BLS projections, as presented by O*NET); the only main industry listed by O*NET for this occupation in 2024 is 'manufacturing'; no table readable by industry was found for industry-specific wages on this occupation's page, and the table marks rows individually under the two categories 'industry' and 'national reference'; the main items of the education survey have been published and are marked separately; this occupation is not marked as Bright Outlook. The current O*NET/BLS is the 2025—2035 projection; the local old 2024—2034 employment and openings are shared with protection surfaces such as the Hero/FAQ, have not been synchronized, and are not treated as the latest.
Historical entry note: United States scope note: O*NET-SOC 51-1011.00 'First-Line Supervisors of Production and Operating Workers' — the 2025 median hourly wage is 35.79 US dollars and the median annual wage is 74,450 US dollars; the 10th, 25th, 75th, and 90th percentiles are approximately 47,130, 58,630, 91,680, and 108,750 US dollars/year respectively (May 2025 OEWS, as presented by O*NET). Employment in 2024 was about 698,600 people, slower than average is projected from 2024—2034 (Slower than average, 1% to 2%), and average annual openings are about 67,700; the main industry listed by O*NET for this occupation in 2024 is manufacturing (that page lists only this one item). This occupation is not marked as Bright Outlook; the official scope explicitly includes 'Excludes team or work leaders.'. Personal income also depends on region, industry, and shift work and overtime; the main items of the education survey are high school diploma or equivalent 33%, some college, no degree 15%, and less than a high school diploma 14%, with the remaining categories not listed on the summary page. The current O*NET/BLS is the 2025—2035 projection; the local old 2024—2034 employment and openings are shared with protection surfaces such as the Hero/FAQ, have not been synchronized, and are not treated as the latest.
OEWS counts the pre-tax regular-hour wages of employed persons, including commissions, incentive pay, production bonuses, and tips; it excludes overtime premiums, non-production bonuses, and employer benefit costs, and does not cover the self-employed. Regional and industry differences are reflected in the wage distribution and cannot be summarized as not counted.
Personal income is related to region, industry, shift work, and overtime, and evaluating personal income must be combined with the employer's compensation and scheduling and performance system.
Insufficient evidence: this round did not obtain a matching industry wage table value for this occupation
BLS provides industry-occupation wage statistics; this round did not obtain a matching value, the first three rows retain the gap, and the 4th row is the national median reference.
The main items of the education survey proportions have been published
The O*NET summary page lists the education level required for new employees: high school diploma or equivalent 33%, some college, no degree 15%, less than a high school diploma 14%; the remaining items are not listed on the summary page, and this page does not merge them into a complete distribution.
Slower than average (Slower than average, 1% to 2%, 2024—2034, BLS projections, as presented by O*NET)
Manufacturing (OEWS industry scope; O*NET lists only this item)
Insufficient evidence: this round did not obtain a median wage matching this occupation, the specified industry, and May2025 at the same time, and none was filled in.
This industry is the main industry listed by O*NET for this occupation in 2024 and is the only industry listed on that page; the specific median must be verified separately against the original OEWS industry detail table.
Mining and utilities (original combined background)
Insufficient evidence: this round did not obtain a median wage matching this occupation, the specified industry, and May2025 at the same time, and none was filled in.
This round did not obtain a matching value under that combination; mining and utilities are not directly combined into a single OEWS industry.
Construction and wholesale trade (original combined background)
Insufficient evidence: this round did not obtain a median wage matching this occupation, the specified industry, and May2025 at the same time, and none was filled in.
This round did not verify the employer matching of that combination; building material and component production may belong to manufacturing and cannot be classified as construction based on product use.
National (across industries, reference)
The May 2025 national median annual wage presented on this page (BLS OEWS, as presented by O*NET), used for comparison and not an industry figure.
The median is the midpoint of the wage distribution of employed persons in the same statistical period, not a starting salary.
The industry rows are only used to explain the scopes available on this page and cannot be used to infer personal wages or job grades.
The gap between the 10th and 90th percentiles is relatively large (47,130 to 108,750 US dollars/year), indicating that income differences within this occupation are obvious.
OEWS counts the pre-tax regular-hour wages of employed persons, including commissions, incentive pay, production bonuses, and tips; it excludes overtime premiums, non-production bonuses, and employer benefit costs, and does not cover the self-employed. Regional and industry differences are reflected in the wage distribution and cannot be summarized as not counted.
Median hourly wage 35.79 US dollars; median annual wage 74,450 US dollars (2025, BLS OEWS as presented by O*NET)
Low end: the 10th percentile is below 47,130 US dollars/year, which is the low end of the distribution, not an entry-level starting salary.
Median: 74,450 US dollars/year (median hourly wage 35.79 US dollars, 2025); half of employed practitioners are below and half above this value.
High end: the originally registered 90th percentile is above 108,750 US dollars/year, and this round did not re-retrieve it; the percentile indicates a position in the distribution and does not infer job grade or causes of income.
The interest codes are mainly E (Enterprising) and C (Conventional) and include R (Realistic): corresponding to organizing and leading a production team and scheduling and work assignment, handling matters according to process and standards and records, and working hands-on with equipment and process and quality problems in the workshop and on the production line. Interest codes only describe activity preferences and do not represent talent, hiring, or safety and quality conclusions.
Official interest codes
If you do not accept long-term shift work and noise and dust and chemicals and high and low temperature environments or output and quality and delivery pressure, or are unwilling to manage the team and equipment according to safety and process and quality standards, the work experience will be affected.
Editorial suggestion: observe preferences using samples of safety inspection, quality review, and anomaly communication; this page has not verified the occupational predictive validity of the Big Five personality test, and no hiring standards are set based on personality scores.
Editorial suggestion; the predictive validity for this occupation has not been verified
Personality traits cannot replace process and equipment and quality and safety skills, special operation qualifications, and on-site management experience.
The interest codes come from the official O*NET profile (marked as ECR, that is, Enterprising, Conventional, and Realistic) and only describe activity preferences, not ability, hiring, or safety and quality conclusions.
MBTI can serve as preference reflection, and this page has not verified its predictive validity for hiring or performance in this occupation.
Assessment results only describe preferences and do not represent ability; interest codes cannot replace the training, qualifications, and experience required for process and safety and quality and personnel management.
Assessment results only describe preferences and do not represent ability.
Interest codes ECR (Enterprising, Conventional, Realistic)
Team leading and communication methods can be trained and need not be limited by personality labels.
Do not decide whether one can hold the position based on preference labels; verify training, experience, and work samples.
The Enneagram is a self-reflection tool. For this job, the more practical questions are: can you maintain judgment under line stoppage and quality accidents and safety incidents and output pressure, and can you adhere to safety and process and quality requirements according to procedures.
Self-reflection tool (not an occupational standard)
If you treat a single shift's output or a single batch's quality fluctuation or a single safety incident as a negation of your personal worth, working long-term in production floor management will be very difficult.
This page has not verified the predictive validity of cognitive tests for this occupation; it is recommended to observe samples of drawing comprehension, gauge verification, and production data analysis.
Editorial suggestion; the occupational validity of the test has not been verified
Treating test scores as a hiring or qualification threshold is untenable.
The emotional intelligence test measures emotion recognition and management and can be used to understand your own reactions in line stoppage, quality accidents, safety incidents, personnel conflict, and night shift fatigue. It is not an occupational entry standard, nor can it replace real shift and production line experience and special operation and safety qualification requirements.
Usable for self-observation (not an entry standard)
Test results cannot replace process and equipment and quality and safety skills, special operation qualifications, and on-site management experience.
The assessment information above is only for self-exploration and career thinking and does not constitute hiring standards, ability evaluation, or safety and quality conclusions.
Interest and personality serve as preference reflection, and this page has not verified their predictive validity for competence, certification, employment, or income in this occupation.
Has specific assembly and fabrication work as its output: complete part assembly and fabrication and self-inspection according to process documents
Has part assembly and fabrication and self-inspection and tool use ability; can complete work according to process and quality standards
If you are unwilling to bear repetitive assembly and precision and self-inspection pressure, or do not accept safety and protection requirements, this direction is not recommended.
Has machine tool machining and precision part manufacturing as its output: operate machine tools and complete part machining and measurement and process adjustment
Has machine tool operation and programming and measurement and process adjustment ability; can complete machining according to drawings and tolerances
If you are unwilling to bear precision and cutting tool and equipment maintenance responsibility, or do not accept special operation and skill level and certification requirements, this direction is not recommended.
Has welding and cutting and brazing work as its output: complete welding and cutting and brazing and self-inspection according to drawings and processes
Has welding and cutting technique and drawing reading and self-inspection ability; can complete work and inspection according to the process
If you are unwilling to bear high temperature and arc light and harmful gas hazards, or do not accept special operation certification and refresher training requirements, this direction is not recommended.
Has inspection and testing and sampling and weighing work as its output: carry out first-article and in-process and finished-product inspection and records according to inspection specifications
Has gauge use and inspection and sampling and determination and recording ability; can carry out inspection and records according to norms
If you are unwilling to bear determination responsibility and dispute handling, or do not accept measurement and inspection and quality training requirements, this direction is not recommended.
Has planning and scheduling and expediting and order tracking as its output: prepare production plans and schedules and follow up materials and delivery dates and work orders
Has scheduling and material and delivery date and work order tracking and communication ability; can complete scheduling and follow-up according to plan
If you are unwilling to bear multi-party coordination and delivery date pressure, or do not accept data and system operation requirements, this direction is not recommended.
Has equipment maintenance and overhaul and troubleshooting as its output: carry out inspection and preventive maintenance and troubleshooting on production equipment
Has equipment inspection and diagnosis and overhaul and safe work ability; can complete maintenance and overhaul according to procedures
If you are unwilling to bear equipment downtime and overhaul safety risk, or do not accept special operation and certification and duty arrangements, this direction is not recommended.
Editorial suggestion: observe scheduling, inspection, quality, safety, and cost records according to the target position, and separately verify training and authorization.
First completing pre-shift safety briefing, equipment inspection, and in-process and quality review and records in one actual shift or production line internship and leaving materials behind is a lower-cost and more credible way to verify.
When unsure about the direction, you can start from a front-line position in assembly or machine tool operation or welding or inspection or equipment maintenance, and then gradually move toward shift leading, process and quality, or equipment and safety management directions.
The income of this occupation is related to region, industry, shift work, and overtime; when evaluating fit, you must look at both your acceptance of shift work and noise and dust and chemicals and high temperature environments and your willingness to bear safety and quality and output and cost responsibilities.
O*NET lists this occupation as Job Zone 3 (medium preparation, SVP 6.0 to <7.0); the main items of the education survey are high school diploma or equivalent 33%, some college, no degree 15%, and less than a high school diploma 14% (the remaining categories are not listed on the summary page); this occupation is not marked as Bright Outlook, and its growth is slower than average (Slower than average, 1% to 2%). The United States wages, employment, and growth are for the exact occupation. The official scope explicitly excludes team or work leaders.
Verify qualifications and refresher training according to the specific operation, equipment, and jurisdiction; special equipment operator certificates, safety training, and work permits are kept separate, and it is not presupposed that most supervisors need all certificates.
Before entering a production floor management position, it is recommended to first confirm your own health and physical condition and the scope of special operation and safety and occupational health training, so as to avoid engaging in confined space or hazardous chemicals or special equipment or live electrical work while untrained.
Whether one can work long-term in this occupation depends to a large extent on adaptability to shift work and noise and dust and chemicals and high and low temperature and output pressure, persistence with safety and process and quality standards, and on-site organization and personnel coordination ability, rather than a single level of operating skill.
In-service team leaders and production line supervisors: this occupation is mainly about the accumulation of shift and production line and process experience and management ability, and the scope of responsibility changes with adjustments to the industry and product and equipment and position.
Students and career changers: first verify the target direction (machinery and metal products, electronics and electrical assembly, automotive and parts, food and beverage, chemical and pharmaceutical, textile and apparel, packaging and printing, mining and ore dressing, utilities and energy facilities) and the required special operation and safety and occupational health qualifications.
Process and equipment and quality skills: whether one can master drawings and processes and work standards, equipment operation and inspection and changeover and adjustment, and gauges and inspection and first-article and in-process and finished-product control and anomaly handling, is the core of judging fit.
Safety and compliance awareness: on-site management depends on implementing work safety and occupational health and special equipment and hazardous chemicals and electricity requirements, and avoiding safety issues will limit the development of the work and bring risks.
Qualification and health verification: verify qualifications, safety training, occupational health, and medical examination requirements according to the specific operation and jurisdiction, and do not presuppose that all positions are the same.
Occupational tasks, context, interests, and preparation levels; not corporate adoption rates, legal, or qualification sources of law
Occupational tasks, context, interests, and preparation levels; not corporate adoption rates, legal, or qualification sources of law
OEWS wage distribution and statistical scope; not employment projections or qualification law
Overall employment projections and average annual openings; not AI attribution or individual hiring probability
Occupational tasks, context, interests, and preparation levels; not corporate adoption rates, legal, or qualification sources of law
Occupational tasks, context, interests, and preparation levels; not corporate adoption rates, legal, or qualification sources of law
OEWS wage distribution and statistical scope; not employment projections or qualification law
Overall employment projections and average annual openings; not AI attribution or individual hiring probability
This page does not replace work safety and occupational health and fire protection and special equipment and hazardous chemicals and electricity requirements, process and work standards and quality control and measurement and inspection specifications, equipment operation and inspection and maintenance and lockout-tagout and confined space and work at height provisions, working hours and scheduling and overtime and employment provisions, or production and quality and safety and equipment and hours and cost record management provisions; matters involving process parameters and process changes and equipment modification and safety and quality determinations and special equipment and live electrical work and confined space and hazardous chemicals operations, release of nonconforming products and customer concession acceptance, personnel and employment and dismissal decisions, and environmental protection and emissions and occupational health compliance must be executed according to the original requirements by personnel with the corresponding qualifications, the competent authorities, and the production and process and equipment and safety and quality leads.
The editorial verification directions include equipment guarding, process changes, work qualifications, fatigue, and information and handover completeness; this page does not provide measurements of accident rates, disease causation, or risk reduction magnitude.
The following are editorial verification suggestions based on tasks and context and are not legal, medical, or accident rate statistics; equipment, work qualifications, quality, and employment rules are verified against the original text of the specific jurisdiction, and the NIST framework serves as an AI governance reference only.
Starting up or entering equipment when equipment guarding or safety interlocks or lockout-tagout conditions are not met
May cause mechanical injury and electric shock and poisoning and death and bring legal and liability issues
Confirm equipment guarding and interlocks and lockout-tagout and energy isolation and gas detection conditions according to procedures, and stop work and report to the production and safety leads when conditions are not met
Bypassing interlocks or skipping lockout-tagout and energy isolation steps to catch up on output or rush repairs
Process parameters or formulas or process changes exceeding authorization
May cause batch quality accidents and recalls and safety accidents and customer losses
Execute according to process documents and the change approval process, and changes beyond authorization must be approved by the process and quality leads and documented
Adjusting parameters or formulas based on experience without going through change approval
State observation during shift work, noise, and high load
It is recommended to observe fatigue, attention, and physical state; this page does not provide occupational medical causal evidence of hearing, respiratory, skin, lower back, or sleep disorders.
Rotate and rest according to the work arrangement and correctly wear protective equipment and use assistive devices, and truthfully report physical discomfort and reasonably adjust shifts
Consecutive night shifts and long overtime without arranging rotation or without wearing hearing and respiratory protection
Engaging in special equipment or electrician or welding or forklift or lifting or hazardous chemicals operations without certification
May cause casualties and legal consequences and affect production and public safety
Clarify your own and the team's qualifications and authorization scope, and leave special equipment and electrician and welding and forklift and lifting and hazardous chemicals operations to qualified personnel to handle according to institutional rules
Assigning uncertified employees to operate special equipment or engage in confined space or live electrical work
Leakage of employee and process and customer and cost information
May harm employee and customer rights and interests and process and business information
Handle employee and process and customer and cost information according to minimum necessity and institutional rules, and do not submit it to unrelated parties or external tools
Posting process parameters or customer orders or cost information on public platforms
Unclear handover between shifts and departments and maintenance and warehousing
May lead to unclear unfinished work orders and work-in-process and equipment and safety risk points and unclear responsibilities
Hand over unfinished work orders and work-in-process and equipment status and safety risk points item by item according to the handover procedure, and provide written explanations for anomalies
Leaving the post or handing over without confirming the handover content
Occupational tasks, context, interests, and preparation levels; not corporate adoption rates, legal, or qualification sources of law
Occupational tasks, context, interests, and preparation levels; not corporate adoption rates, legal, or qualification sources of law
Overall employment projections and average annual openings; not AI attribution or individual hiring probability
Voluntary AI risk governance framework; not industry qualification, hygiene, information protection, or employment law
OEWS wage distribution and statistical scope; not employment projections or qualification law
| Electronics and automotive assembly team leader | Assign work by takt time and process and control yield and line stoppage and error proofing | Takt time and yield records | Write out the key points of takt time and error proofing and line stoppage response | Assembly-oriented scenario; attention must be paid to electrostatic discharge and error proofing and takt time |
| Process industry (chemical and food) team leader | Assign work by process and batch and control parameters and hygiene and traceability | Process and batch records | Write out the key points of parameter and batch and hygiene review | Process-oriented scenario; attention must be paid to interlocks and hygiene and traceability |
| Utilities and energy facility operations team leader | Assign work by operation and maintenance plan and control parameters and emergency and environmental protection | Operation and emergency records | Write out the key points of operating parameters and emergency handling | Facility-oriented scenario; attention must be paid to emergency and environmental compliance |
Employer requirements: education and experience background
Verify education (the main items of the education survey for this occupation are high school diploma or equivalent 33%, some college, no degree 15%, and less than a high school diploma 14%, and the remaining categories were not listed on the summary page consulted in this round) and the related production or equipment or process or team experience requirements, and record the announcement date and whether it is still recruiting.
Distinguish between 'meeting the education and experience bar' and 'being able to independently bear production floor management responsibilities'; both must be examined.
Employer requirements: qualifications and safety conditions
Verify special equipment and electrician and welding and forklift and lifting and hazardous chemicals and confined space qualifications and refresher training, safety and occupational health and protection and medical examination and occupational hazard notification requirements, and shift work and overtime and employment form requirements.
Requirements and timeliness must be recorded, and changing industry or employer requires re-verification.
O*NET preparation level and profile completeness
Job Zone 3 (medium preparation, SVP 6.0 to <7.0); this occupation is not marked as Bright Outlook, and its growth is slower than average (Slower than average, 1% to 2%); interest codes ECR; the O*NET summary page lists the education level required for new employees: high school diploma or equivalent 33%, some college, no degree 15%, and less than a high school diploma 14%, and the remaining items were not listed on the summary page consulted in this round; the official scope explicitly excludes team or work leaders.
The preparation level describes the occupation as a whole and does not represent the hiring and qualification standards of a specific institution; the education survey only publishes the main items and this page does not merge them into a complete distribution; the United States wages and employment are for the exact occupation.
Tools and work environment
Verify the production and manufacturing execution systems and equipment monitoring and dashboards in use, gauges and testing and trial and first-article and sampling tools, fixtures and cutting tools and molds and spare parts, safety and protection and emergency equipment, and scheduling and attendance and hours and cost and reporting tools.
List the actual usage scenarios and safety requirements, and do not substitute a tool list for process and equipment and quality and safety knowledge and on-site management ability.
Material one: fictional production team task
Provide the product and process and production line and shift and output target, the machining or assembly or packaging or inspection items and pass rate and delivery date to be completed in the current period, the available personnel and equipment and fixtures and materials and energy, one incident of equipment failure or batch quality accident or material shortage or understaffing or safety incident, and the scheduling and work assignment and production sequence and process and quality and safety and output and cost and records that need to be completed, as the input for this exercise.
Mark the units and missing items, and state that the material is completely fictional.
List the missing information that may affect judgment.
State that the exercise uses fictional materials and does not represent any real enterprise, product, or event.
Checkable output: shift and equipment and process assignment, production sequence and changeover and first-article confirmation, safety and equipment and process parameter monitoring and inspection rounds, the handling path and reporting for anomalies and line stoppage and rework and repair, the performance and training and record and reporting requirements, the coordination with equipment and quality and planning and warehousing and engineering, and the records and reports related to scheduling and output and quality and equipment and safety, as well as the decisions that must be made by the head of production or process or safety or quality.
Explain the boundaries: process design, safety, environmental protection, medical, and legal conclusions must be made by qualified personnel and the competent authorities.
Material two: key points for safety and process and quality review (fictional)
Require writing out the pre-shift safety briefing and work assignment content, equipment guarding and interlocks and lockout-tagout and energy isolation confirmation, process parameters and first-article and in-process and finished-product quality and inspection key points, and anomaly and line stoppage and rework and repair and safety incident handling and reporting, and explain which actions exceed one's own or employees' qualifications and authorization scope.
Exercise output: an executable set of key points for safety and process and quality review.
Material three: excerpts of reference ideas (fictional)
First complete the pre-shift safety briefing and work assignment, then organize processes and changeover and first-article confirmation according to the production sequence and takt time, then handle equipment failures and quality anomalies and material shortage and understaffing, and finally complete hours and output and cost and loss records and reports and handover.
For equipment or process or quality or safety conditions that cannot be confirmed, and for changes beyond authorization, keep them unknown and ask the process or equipment or safety or quality lead to confirm, rather than handling them based on experience.
State that the reference ideas are only examples and not the only correct method.
Material four: boundary statement
This exercise does not constitute process design or safety or environmental protection or medical or legal conclusions; process changes and equipment modification, safety and quality determinations, release of nonconforming products, special operations and hazardous chemicals and confined space and live electrical work, and personnel and employment decisions are executed by qualified personnel and the competent authorities and professional institutions according to systems and procedures.
Work one: comparison table of position hiring conditions
List the education, experience, special equipment and electrician and welding and forklift and lifting and hazardous chemicals and confined space qualifications and safety and occupational health and shift work requirements of the target announcement item by item in a comparison table.
Mark the items already met, to be completed, and to be verified.
Work two: reproducible on-site management key points
Choose a fictional shift or production line task and write out scheduling and work assignment and pre-shift briefing, safety and equipment and parameter inspection, and first-article and in-process and finished-product quality review and anomaly handling and records and reports key points.
Demonstrate the ability to make others understand on-site organization and safety and quality thinking.
Work three: a one-page production and quality and safety review summary
Use one page to record the key points of scheduling and the pre-shift briefing, equipment inspection and first-article and in-process and finished-product inspection and line stoppage and rework and hours and output and cost situation and handover matters.
Mark the sources of the basis and the parts that could not be verified.
Work four: manufacturing execution and equipment monitoring and reporting system description
Explain the manufacturing execution and equipment monitoring and scheduling and reporting and dashboard systems in use and their verification methods, so that others can reproduce the checking process.
Mark which links used digital tools and were manually reviewed.
| Scenario | Questions that may be asked | Evidence that can be shown | Conclusions that cannot be inferred from this |
|---|---|---|---|
| Interview | Can you explain the production floor organization process and the key points of safety and process and quality and cost. | Verify whether you can explain work assignment, safety and equipment and first-article and in-process and anomaly and record and report key points clearly and show shift or production line records. | Whether to hire is judged by the employer according to prescribed procedures, not decided by the individual. |
| Qualification and medical examination verification | Whether you possess the special operation and safety and occupational health and shift work conditions required by the position. | Show compliance with special operation certificates and training and medical examination and occupational hazard notification records. | Holding certificates and passing the medical examination does not mean you can take on all process changes or safety and quality determinations. |
| On-site practical operation | Whether you can complete the pre-shift briefing, work assignment organization, and safety and process and quality review according to procedures. | Show execution ability with briefing and inspection and first-article and in-process and review records. | A single ability does not equal being able to independently coordinate all production lines or processes or equipment types. |
| Shift and probation | Whether you can hand over, record, and handle routine anomalies according to plan. | Show reliability with shift and line stoppage and rework and anomaly records. | Following procedures does not replace the process and safety and quality decisions and responsibilities of the production or process or safety or quality lead. |
Day 1: read a set of safety or process or quality requirements
Excerpt one safety or process requirement and write out the key points for implementation and recording.
Day 2: write out the key points of scheduling and work assignment and pre-shift safety briefing
Write out the checklist items for personnel, equipment, fixtures, materials, protection, and interlocks and lockout-tagout.
Day 3: write out the key points of production sequence and changeover and first-article confirmation
Write out the key points for arranging processes and changeover and first-article and in-process confirmation according to takt time and process.
Day 4: write out the key points for anomaly and line stoppage and rework and repair handling
Write out the confirmation items for equipment failure, quality anomalies, material shortage, and line stoppage and rework and reporting.
Day 5: write out the key points for hours and output and cost and handover
Write out the scheduling and hours and output and quality and loss and cost and requisition records and the handover matters.
Day 6: ask others to challenge you
Ask an experienced production supervisor or process or safety or quality staff member to point out omissions in the safety and process and quality links and record the feedback.
Day 7: write a judgment
Write down whether you are willing to continue, what needs to be supplemented, and which decisions cannot be made by yourself.
| Qualification/preparation item | Applicable group | Role for this occupation | Whether universally required | Acquisition path | Approximate cycle | Boundary statement |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Education preparation (verify according to the target announcement) | Applying for operation and assembly and inspection positions and shift-leading positions | The US high school education answer of 33% does not constitute a majority; verify according to the announcement in China | Verify according to the target announcement | General high school or equivalent examination, with later education upgrading | According to individual progress | Education does not equal having process and equipment and quality and safety management ability |
| Related production or equipment or process or team experience and on-the-job training | All shift-leading and management positions | Meets the position's requirements for understanding process and equipment and quality and team management | Verify according to the target position | Accumulated through training by the employer during shifts and production line and job rotation | Verify according to the actual courses, assessment, and regulatory arrangements; no uniform cycle has been verified | Experience does not equal being able to independently bear all management responsibilities |
| Special operation personnel qualifications and special equipment operating qualifications (verify by category) | Positions involving special operations | Verify the personal qualifications, refresher training, and work permits corresponding to the actual operation according to the jurisdiction; do not merge training or certificates from different competent authorities | Determined by the type of operation requirements | Arranged according to the competent authorities and assessment institutions and training institutions | Verify according to the actual courses, assessment, and regulatory arrangements; no uniform cycle has been verified | Obtaining qualifications does not mean on-site safety and work and permit responsibility can be waived |
| Hazardous chemicals and confined space and work at height training | Positions involving hazardous chemicals or confined space or work at height | Meets the safety and emergency and monitoring requirements for hazardous work | Determined by the type of operation requirements | Arranged according to the unit and professional institutions | Verify according to the actual courses, assessment, and regulatory arrangements; no uniform cycle has been verified | Training does not mean it can replace professional emergency and accident investigation handling |
| Quality and measurement and inspection and process training | Positions bearing process and quality and inspection responsibilities | Meets the normative requirements for process and quality and measurement and inspection | Determined by the position's responsibility requirements | Institutional system training and assessment | Verify according to the actual courses, assessment, and regulatory arrangements; no uniform cycle has been verified | Training does not mean it can replace quality system and process design responsibility |
| Safety and occupational health and first aid and fire protection training | All on-site management positions | Meets the basic requirements for safety and occupational health and emergency response | Verify according to the jurisdiction, position, and employer requirements | Arranged according to the unit and professional institutions | Verify according to the actual courses, assessment, and regulatory arrangements; no uniform cycle has been verified | Training does not mean it can replace safety assessment and occupational health surveillance responsibility |
Entering this occupation is not just about operating proficiency: first verify the direction (machinery and metal products, electronics and electrical assembly, automotive and parts, food and beverage, chemical and pharmaceutical, textile and apparel, packaging and printing, mining and ore dressing, utilities and energy facilities) and the hiring and qualification standards of the target industry and location, then prepare education, special operation and safety and occupational health and process and quality training and shift and production line experience according to the direction.
Education and ability are different levels: obtaining a degree or special operation qualification does not equal having on-site production organization and process and safety and quality judgment ability; different industries and processes also have different qualification and safety and occupational health requirements.
Qualification requirements, process and safety and quality standards, and scheduling and employment systems differ by region and industry, and changing industry or employer requires re-verification.
This page does not replace laws and regulations, institutional rules, and competent authority requirements; matters involving process changes and equipment modification, safety and quality determinations, release of nonconforming products, special operations and hazardous chemicals and confined space and live electrical work, and personnel and employment and environmental protection matters must be confirmed by qualified personnel and the competent authorities and professional institutions.
Hiring conditions, qualifications, and safety requirements are verified against the recruitment announcement, institutional rules, and the original text of the competent authority; this page only indicates the direction of the check.
The education, experience, special operation and safety and occupational health and process and quality and shift work requirements in recruitment conditions must be read in parallel; the fact that one item can be relaxed does not mean other conditions can be substituted.
Hiring conditions, qualifications, and safety requirements are verified against the recruitment announcement and the original text of the employer, and this page does not provide specific advice on process design or safety or environmental protection or medical or legal matters.
Able to complete operation or assembly or inspection and records according to process and safety procedures
Entry: competent in operation and assembly or inspection positions and completing records
Able to schedule and assign work, review safety and process and quality, and handle common line stoppage and rework and material shortage
Advanced: bearing team leader or production line supervisor responsibilities
Able to manage process or quality or equipment or safety specialties within the authorization scope and mentor employees
Proficient: bearing process or quality or equipment or safety specialty management
Able to participate in the production system, the safety and quality system, and budget and personnel and improvement project arrangements
Senior: bearing multiple production lines and operations and budget and personnel management
O*NET lists this occupation as Job Zone 3 (medium preparation, SVP 6.0 to <7.0), interest codes ECR; this occupation is not marked as Bright Outlook, and its growth is slower than average (Slower than average, 1% to 2%). The O*NET summary page lists the education level required for new employees: high school diploma or equivalent 33%, some college, no degree 15%, less than a high school diploma 14% (insufficient evidence: the remaining education categories are not listed on the summary page, and this page does not merge them into a complete distribution). The official scope explicitly includes 'Excludes team or work leaders.', and on that basis this page writes 'excluding team or work leaders' into the scope statement; typical entry usually requires related production or equipment or process experience, and special operation and safety and occupational health requirements depend on the industry and equipment type.
Qualification requirements, process and safety and quality standards, and scheduling and employment systems involve regional and industry differences and must be re-verified according to the target employer and local regulations; this page does not replace laws and regulations and recruitment announcements.
This page has not completed a one-to-one mapping between US51-1011.00 and the Chinese occupational classification; the US preparation level and education survey do not derive Chinese thresholds. Verify training, qualifications, permits, and position authorization according to the target announcement and the operation jurisdiction.
This page presents both United States official occupational materials and industry background information for mainland China; the education, qualifications, process and safety and quality standards, and employment systems of the two places are verified separately, and the United States wages and employment are for the exact occupation.
Occupational tasks, context, interests, and preparation levels; not corporate adoption rates, legal, or qualification sources of law
Occupational tasks, context, interests, and preparation levels; not corporate adoption rates, legal, or qualification sources of law
OEWS wage distribution and statistical scope; not employment projections or qualification law
Overall employment projections and average annual openings; not AI attribution or individual hiring probability
Machining and assembly operator position
Complete machine tool or assembly or welding operations and self-inspection and records under mentorship
Operation and self-inspection records
Able to complete work and self-inspection according to process and drawings
Machining and metal products team leader
Assign work by process and equipment and control dimensions and quality and equipment and safety
Able to organize work assignment according to process and control dimensions and quality
Process and fixture and quality position
Manage process documents and fixtures and cutting tools and first-article and in-process and finished-product quality
Able to manage process and fixtures and quality
Workshop operations and budget and personnel management position
Coordinate workshop operations, personnel, scheduling, and equipment and cost and budget
Able to coordinate workshop operations and cost and budget
Operations management
Assembly and testing operator position
Complete assembly and testing and error proofing and records under mentorship
Able to complete assembly and testing according to takt time and error proofing
Electronics and automotive assembly team leader
Assign work by takt time and process and control yield and line stoppage and error proofing
Able to organize work assignment according to takt time and control yield and line stoppage
Error proofing and yield and quality position
Manage error proofing and yield and first-article and line stoppage and quality improvement
Error proofing and yield records
Able to manage error proofing and yield and quality improvement
Quality engineering
Production line operations and equipment and personnel management position
Coordinate production line operations, personnel, equipment, and takt time and cost and budget
Operations and equipment records
Able to coordinate production line operations and equipment and budget
Operations management
Process and facility operator position
Complete process or facility operations and inspection rounds and records under mentorship
Operation and inspection round records
Able to complete operations and inspection rounds and records according to procedures
Chemical and food team leader
Assign work by process and batch and control parameters and hygiene and traceability
Able to organize work assignment according to process and batch and control parameters and hygiene
Parameter and batch and safety and environmental protection position
Manage process parameters and batch records and safety interlocks and environmental compliance
Parameter and environmental records
Able to manage parameters and batches and safety and environmental protection
Process and environmental protection
Facility operations and emergency and personnel management position
Coordinate facility operation, emergency response, personnel, and maintenance and budget
Able to coordinate facility operation and emergency response and budget
Operations management
Historical entry note: United States scope (O*NET 51-1011.00 and BLS): employment in 2024 about 698,600 people, slower than average projected from 2024—2034 (Slower than average, 1% to 2%), and average annual openings about 67,700; the 2025 median hourly wage is 35.79 US dollars and the median annual wage is 74,450 US dollars (both for the exact occupation); the only main industry listed by O*NET for this occupation in 2024 is 'manufacturing', and this occupation is not marked as Bright Outlook. Mainland China does not list this occupation separately, so only national, industry, and job category average wages can be used as proxies. The current O*NET/BLS is the 2025—2035 projection; the local old 2024—2034 employment and openings are shared with protection surfaces such as the Hero/FAQ, have not been synchronized, and are not treated as the latest.
Employment is projected to be slower than average, and openings mainly come from replacement needs; the prosperity of manufacturing and mining and utilities and logistics is not within this statistical scope
A projection does not equal actual results, nor does it represent the hiring volume of a particular region or industry
First-Line Supervisors of Production and Operating Workers（51-1011.00）
Slower than average (1% to 2%)
The historical employment size comes from the occupational projection, includes the self-employed population, and is not equivalent to the OEWS wage sample.
Size and openings are not the same indicator; openings are the projected annual average and include replacement needs
First-Line Supervisors of Production and Operating Workers（51-1011.00）
National Bureau of Statistics data are the pre-tax annual average wages of employed persons in urban units; the total wage bill is counted as labor remuneration according to statistical rules and cannot be summarized as excluding all bonuses, allowances, or overtime pay. National, industry, and job group averages can none of them replace the personal income of this occupation or the quotes of specific employment contracts.
Industry, national, and job group pre-tax annual average wages, not summarized as excluding all performance, allowances, and overtime pay; does not infer the wage for this occupation.
Industry wages (industry proxy)
Manufacturing; mining; construction (industry categories)
Manufacturing non-private 113,594 and private 76,055 yuan/year; mining non-private 143,361 and private 79,169 yuan/year; construction non-private 92,036 yuan/year; leasing and business services non-private 110,162 yuan/year; national non-private 129,441 and private 71,590 yuan/year
Occupational tasks, context, interests, and preparation levels; not corporate adoption rates, legal, or qualification sources of law
Overall employment projections and average annual openings; not AI attribution or individual hiring probability
China urban unit national, industry, and job group pre-tax annual average wages; not the wage for this occupation
OEWS wage distribution and statistical scope; not employment projections or qualification law
Needs to supplement assembly and fabrication and self-inspection and tool use ability
Assembly and fabrication work; adjacent direction, shifting from team management to specific assembly and fabrication work. The distance is an editorial judgment, and the requirements must be verified against the target announcement.
Adjacent transition (editorial judgment)
Needs to supplement machine tool operation and programming and precision measurement ability
Machine tool machining and precision part manufacturing; adjacent direction, shifting from team management to specialized machine tool machining work. The distance is an editorial judgment, and the requirements must be verified against the target announcement.
Adjacent transition (editorial judgment)
Needs to supplement welding and cutting technique and special operation certification ability
Welding and cutting and brazing work; adjacent direction, shifting from team management to specialized welding and cutting work. The distance is an editorial judgment, and the requirements must be verified against the target announcement.
Adjacent transition (editorial judgment)
Needs to supplement gauge use and inspection and sampling and determination and recording ability
Inspection and testing and sampling and weighing; adjacent direction, shifting from quality handling to specialized inspection and testing work. The distance is an editorial judgment, and the requirements must be verified against the target announcement.
Adjacent transition (editorial judgment)
Needs to supplement scheduling and material and delivery date and work order tracking ability
Production planning and expediting; adjacent direction, shifting from on-site work assignment to planning and expediting and order tracking. The distance is an editorial judgment, and the requirements must be verified against the target announcement.
Adjacent transition (editorial judgment)
Needs to supplement equipment inspection and diagnosis and overhaul and safe work ability
Equipment maintenance and overhaul; adjacent direction, shifting from production management to equipment maintenance and overhaul. The distance is an editorial judgment, and the requirements must be verified against the target announcement.
Adjacent transition (editorial judgment)
Needs to supplement facility and equipment daily maintenance and repair ability
Facility and equipment maintenance and repair; adjacent direction, shifting from production management to facility and equipment maintenance and repair. The distance is an editorial judgment, and the requirements must be verified against the target announcement.
Adjacent transition (editorial judgment)
Needs to supplement material moving machine and vehicle dispatch and safety management ability
Material moving and vehicle operation management; adjacent direction, shifting from production team management to material moving and vehicle operation management. The distance is an editorial judgment, and the requirements must be verified against the target announcement.
Adjacent transition (editorial judgment)
The responsibilities land in different places and the outputs differ: this occupation's main output is production team scheduling and work assignment, safety and parameter monitoring, first-article and in-process and finished-product quality review and anomaly handling and output and cost management, and it is a first-line management position (the official scope explicitly excludes team or work leaders); assemblers and fabricators and machinists and welders and cutters and machine setters and operators have specific machining or assembly or welding or operating work as their output; inspectors and testers and sorters and samplers and weighers have inspection and testing and sampling and weighing as their output; production planning and expediting clerks have planning and scheduling and expediting and order tracking as their output; industrial machinery mechanics and maintenance and repair workers have equipment maintenance and overhaul and troubleshooting as their output; production and operating managers have multiple production lines and multiple shifts and budget and strategy as their output and have a larger management span. This occupation does not include positions focused on individual operating work, nor does it include manager-level positions focused on multiple plants and budgets.
United States O*NET-SOC 51-1011.00 'First-Line Supervisors of Production and Operating Workers': interest codes ECR (Enterprising and Conventional and Realistic), Job Zone 3 (medium preparation, SVP 6.0 to <7.0), not marked as Bright Outlook. Scope note: the wages, employment, growth, and openings presented on that O*NET page are all for this exact occupation — the 2025 median hourly wage is 35.79 US dollars and the median annual wage is 74,450 US dollars; the 10th, 25th, 75th, and 90th percentiles are approximately 47,130, 58,630, 91,680, and 108,750 US dollars/year respectively; employment in 2024 about 698,600 people; slower than average projected from 2024—2034 (Slower than average, 1% to 2%); average annual openings about 67,700. The only main industry listed by O*NET for this occupation in 2024 is 'manufacturing'. The education survey has published the main items (high school diploma or equivalent 33%, some college, no degree 15%, less than a high school diploma 14%), the remaining items are not published, and this page does not fill them in. No table readable by industry was found for industry-specific wages on this occupation's page. The official scope explicitly includes 'Excludes team or work leaders.'.
O*NET lists this occupation as Job Zone 3 (medium preparation, SVP 6.0 to <7.0). The work context shows the work schedule is mainly regular (regular 73%, irregular 26%); continuous contact with others accounts for 90%; face-to-face discussions every day account for 88%; telephone conversations every day account for 67% (never 15%); use of email every day accounts for 85% (never 15%); rating collaboration with the team as extremely important accounts for 66%, very important 21%, and important 13%; rating coordinating or leading others as extremely important accounts for 54%, very important 21%, and important 11%; considering the job to require extreme precision or high accuracy totals 99% (extremely important 41%, very important 41%, important 17%); rating the consequences of error as extremely severe accounts for 27%, serious 25%, fairly serious 23%, and not at all serious 14%; very high responsibility for the health and safety of others accounts for 51% and high responsibility 41%; very high responsibility for work outcomes and the results of others accounts for 54%, high responsibility 32%, and moderate responsibility 14%; rating the impact of decisions as very important results accounts for 50% and important results 35%; needing to make decisions every day accounts for 73% and more than once a week 17%; decision freedom is very much 51% and some 39%; freedom to determine tasks and priorities and goals is very much 41% and some 49%; among weekly working hours, 17% are 40 hours and 83% exceed 40 hours; strict deadlines every day account for 69%, more than once a week 15%, and more than once a month 13%; needing to handle unpleasant or angry or discourteous people every day accounts for 29%, more than once a week 35%, and more than once a year 29%; conflict situations account for 29% every day, 34% more than once a week, 18% more than once a month, and 17% more than once a year; exposure to distracting noise every day accounts for 72% and more than once a week 14%; exposure to hazardous equipment every day accounts for 59% and more than once a week 26%; exposure to hazardous conditions every day accounts for 40%, more than once a year 18%, and never 29%; exposure to contaminants every day accounts for 55%, more than once a week 15%, and never 28%; exposure to extreme heat or extreme cold every day accounts for 32%, more than once a week 38%, and never 14%; exposure to minor burns or cuts or bites or stings every day accounts for 21% and more than once a week 26%; needing to wear regular protective or safety equipment every day accounts for 92%; working indoors in an uncontrolled environment every day accounts for 63% (never 13%); working indoors in a controlled environment every day accounts for 50% (never 39%); working outdoors in all weather conditions every day accounts for 13%, more than once a week 15%, and more than once a month 26% (never 32%); working outdoors under cover every day accounts for 18% and never 52%; standing continuously or almost continuously accounts for 36%, more than half the time 34%, and about half the time 23%; walking or running continuously or almost continuously accounts for 31% and about half the time 33%; using hands to handle or control or feel objects or tools or controls continuously or almost continuously accounts for 21%, more than half the time 17%, and about half the time 19%; doing repetitive motions continuously or almost continuously more than half the time accounts for 24% and about half the time 16% (never 14%); sitting is mainly less than half the time 59% (about half the time 21%, never 12%); the pace being determined by equipment speed is rated extremely important 41%, very important 22%, and important 21%; the degree of automation of the work is highly automated 17%, moderately 34%, and not at all 38%; the level of competition is highly competitive 40%, moderately competitive 33%, and slightly competitive 16%; rating dealing with external customers or the public as extremely important 26%, very important 17%, and important 12% (not at all important 31%).
A more accurate judgment is that processes such as scheduling and hours and output and quality and equipment and loss data statistics, work order and report and work instruction drafting, material and spare part and inventory ledger organization, and inspection and check data summaries will be taken over by tools, and the occupation as a whole will mainly be enhanced. The ILO 2023 study shows that task exposure varies greatly across occupations, and the proportion of highly exposed tasks among management and professional occupations is relatively low; technical feasibility does not mean institutions have already adopted it; and process judgment and safety supervision and quality determination and personnel and equipment handling must be borne by trained and authorized personnel, so the conclusion is that the way of working will change, rather than the occupation being replaced as a whole.
The page presents the 2025 median hourly wage of 35.79 US dollars and the median annual wage of 74,450 US dollars; the 10th, 25th, 75th, and 90th percentiles are approximately 47,130, 58,630, 91,680, and 108,750 US dollars/year respectively (May 2025 OEWS, as presented by O*NET). The median is the midpoint of the wage distribution of employed persons, not a starting salary; OEWS uses an employed-persons scope and does not include shift work and overtime and night shift and performance and allowances and regional and industry differences, and no table readable by industry was found for industry-specific wages for this occupation on this occupation's page.
O*NET lists this occupation as Job Zone 3 (medium preparation, SVP 6.0 to <7.0); the O*NET summary page lists the main items of the education level required for new employees: high school diploma or equivalent 33%, some college, no degree 15%, and less than a high school diploma 14%, the remaining items are not published and this page does not fill them in. This occupation is not marked as Bright Outlook (growth slower than average, 1% to 2%). The official scope explicitly excludes team or work leaders. Most positions also require related production or equipment or process or team experience and may require qualifications for special equipment and electrician and welding and forklift and lifting and hazardous chemicals and confined space; the specifics are subject to the recruitment announcement and local regulations.
Most positions require related production or equipment or process or team experience and may require special operation qualifications (electrician and welding and forklift and lifting and pressure vessels and the like), hazardous chemicals and confined space and work at height training, quality and measurement and inspection and process training, and safety and occupational health and first aid and fire protection training. These requirements vary by industry and equipment type and region and must be verified against the original text of the target employer, the competent authorities, and local regulations; this page does not provide specific advice on process design or safety or environmental protection or medical or legal matters, nor does it equate holding certificates with being able to waive on-site safety and work and permit responsibility.
Responsibility for the work safety and product quality and output and cost of the shift and production line is borne by the production supervisor; matters involving process parameters and process changes and equipment modification and safety and quality determinations and special equipment and live electrical work and confined space and hazardous chemicals operations, release of nonconforming products and customer concession acceptance, personnel and employment and dismissal decisions, and environmental protection and emissions and occupational health compliance must be handled according to procedures by personnel with the corresponding qualifications or by the competent authorities and the production and process and equipment and safety and quality leads; scheduling and attendance and pre-shift safety briefing and equipment inspection and inspection and line stoppage and rework and hours and output and cost records must be kept on file according to institutional rules, and employee and process and customer information must be handled on a minimum necessary basis. When using manufacturing execution and equipment monitoring and scheduling and reporting-type tools, tool output does not constitute a safety permit or quality determination, and matters beyond one's own authorization scope should be reported to the production or process or safety or quality lead. This page does not replace work safety and occupational health and fire protection and special equipment and hazardous chemicals and electricity requirements, process and work standards and quality control and measurement and inspection specifications, equipment operation and inspection and maintenance and lockout-tagout and confined space and work at height provisions, working hours and scheduling and overtime and employment provisions, or production and quality and safety and equipment and hours and cost record management provisions.
The page presents employment in 2024 of about 698,600 people, slower than average projected from 2024—2034 (Slower than average, 1% to 2%), and average annual openings of about 67,700 (exact occupation scope); openings mainly come from replacement needs, and personal development depends more on shift and production line experience, the scope of qualifications, and management ability. Common transitions include: assembler and fabricator (needs to supplement assembly and fabrication and self-inspection and tool use ability), machinist (machine tool machining) (needs to supplement machine tool operation and programming and precision measurement ability), welder and cutter and brazer (needs to supplement welding and cutting technique and special operation certification ability), inspector and tester and sorter and sampler and weigher (needs to supplement gauge use and inspection and sampling and determination and recording ability), production planning and expediting clerk (needs to supplement scheduling and material and delivery date and work order tracking ability), industrial machinery mechanic (needs to supplement equipment inspection and diagnosis and overhaul and safe work ability), maintenance and repair worker (needs to supplement facility and equipment daily maintenance and repair ability), and first-line supervisor of material moving machine and vehicle operators (needs to supplement material moving machine and vehicle dispatch and safety management ability). The feasibility of a transition depends on the target position announcement and local regulations.
FermatMind career content research process
Sources and facts registered on this page (O*NET 51-1011.00 occupational profile and detailed materials, BLS OEWS May 2025 wage percentiles, the BLS 2024—2034 projection presented by O*NET, the National Bureau of Statistics 2025 industry category and job category average wages, ILO Working Paper 96, and the NIST AI RMF)
Author revision of the nine modules in this round, pending independent review. The official exclusion of team/work leaders, ECR, JobZone3, and the education figures 33%/15%/14% have been verified; 33% is not called a majority, and US education figures do not derive Chinese thresholds. The 99% accuracy is important or above, and repetitive motions at 24% are more than half the time. The current projection is 2025—2035, and the old employment/openings are still shared with the Hero/FAQ protection surfaces and have not been synchronized. OEWS includes production bonuses, and NBS cannot exclude all performance pay and allowances; the construction proxy has not been verified for manufacturing employer matching. The US wage percentiles and matching industry values were not re-retrieved, and the Chinese wage for this occupation and compensation sample, AI adoption or effects, medical causation, and the complete operation qualification and training cycle for each jurisdiction were not obtained. The original protected FAQ and source register retain the conflict. No HTML, independent review, Git, or publication was performed.
Official occupational scope: directly supervise and coordinate the work of production and operating personnel, such as inspectors, precision workers, machine setters and operators, assemblers, fabricators, and plant and system operators; excluding team or work leaders (Excludes team or work leaders).
Interest codes ECR (Enterprising, Conventional, Realistic); preparation level Job Zone 3 (medium preparation, SVP 6.0 to <7.0); not marked as Bright Outlook.
Wages and employment (exact occupation scope): the 2025 median hourly wage is 35.79 US dollars and the median annual wage is 74,450 US dollars; employment in 2024 was 698,600 people; slower than average is projected from 2024—2034 (Slower than average, 1% to 2%); projected average annual openings about 67,700.
Main items of the education survey: high school diploma or equivalent 33%, some college, no degree 15%, less than a high school diploma 14% (the summary page does not list the remaining categories).
Main industries for this occupation in 2024: manufacturing (that page lists only this item).
O*NET OnLine
United States
current page (updated 2026); accessed 2026-09-20
official occupation profile
exact title 51-1011.00
The education survey only publishes the main items and this page does not merge them into a complete distribution; no table readable by industry was found for industry-specific wages on this occupation's page; United States materials do not automatically derive the special operation and safety and employment requirements of mainland China.
2026-09-20
Used to verify tasks and work activities (20 items in total): enforce safety and sanitation regulations; keep records of employee attendance and hours worked; inspect materials and products or equipment to detect defects or malfunctions; read and analyze charts and work orders and production schedules and other records and reports; develop and establish work schedules and task assignments and production sequences; confer with other supervisors to coordinate operations within or between departments; explain specifications and drawings and work orders and company policies to workers; observe work and monitor gauges and dials; direct and coordinate the work of employees engaged in the production or processing of goods; conduct training in equipment operations or work and safety procedures or arrange training; evaluate employee performance; confer with management or subordinates to resolve worker problems and complaints and grievances; determine standards and budgets and production goals and quotas; compute labor and equipment requirements and production specifications using standard formulas; recommend or implement measures to improve quality and efficiency; maintain operations data such as hours worked and production and cost and prepare management reports; requisition materials and supplies and equipment parts or repair services; set up and adjust machines and equipment; recommend or execute personnel actions such as hiring and evaluation and promotion; and plan and develop new products and production processes.
Work context (available): regular schedule 73% / irregular 26%; continuous contact 90%; face-to-face discussions every day 88%; telephone conversations every day 67% / never 15%; use of email every day 85% / never 15%; team collaboration extremely important 66% / very important 21% / important 13%; coordinating or leading others extremely important 54% / very important 21% / important 11%; extreme precision or high accuracy totals 99% (extremely important 41% / very important 41% / important 17%); consequences of error extremely severe 27% / serious 25% / fairly serious 23% / not at all serious 14%; very high responsibility for the health and safety of others 51% / high responsibility 41%; very high responsibility for work outcomes and the results of others 54% / high responsibility 32% / moderate responsibility 14%; impact of decisions very important results 50% / important results 35%; making decisions every day 73% / more than once a week 17%; decision freedom very much 51% / some 39%; freedom to determine tasks and goals very much 41% / some 49%; 40 hours per week 17% / more than 40 hours 83%; strict deadlines every day 69% / more than once a week 15% / more than once a month 13%; handling unpleasant or angry or discourteous people every day 29% / more than once a week 35%; conflict every day 29% / more than once a week 34% / more than once a month 18% / more than once a year 17%; distracting noise every day 72% / more than once a week 14%; hazardous equipment every day 59% / more than once a week 26%; hazardous conditions every day 40% / more than once a year 18% / never 29%; exposure to contaminants every day 55% / more than once a week 15% / never 28%; extreme heat or extreme cold every day 32% / more than once a week 38% / never 14%; minor burns or cuts every day 21% / more than once a week 26%; wearing regular protective equipment every day 92%; indoors in an uncontrolled environment every day 63% / never 13%; indoors in a controlled environment every day 50% / never 39%; outdoors in all weather conditions every day 13% / more than once a week 15% / more than once a month 26% / never 32%; outdoors under cover every day 18% / never 52%; standing continuously 36% / more than half the time 34% / about half the time 23%; walking or running continuously 31% / about half the time 33%; using hands continuously 21% / more than half the time 17% / about half the time 19%; repetitive motions more than half the time 24% / about half the time 16% / never 14%; sitting less than half the time 59% / about half the time 21% / never 12%; the pace being determined by equipment speed extremely important 41% / very important 22% / important 21%; automation highly automated 17% / moderately 34% / not at all 38%; competition highly competitive 40% / moderately 33% / slightly 16%; dealing with external customers or the public extremely important 26% / very important 17% / important 12% / not at all important 31%.
Work styles (by importance): leadership orientation, reliability, attention to detail, achievement orientation, persistence, caution, integrity, cooperation, and the like (O*NET lists the main work styles, and the summary page shows only the first 5 items).
Software skill categories include manufacturing execution and equipment monitoring and dashboards, scheduling and attendance and human resources, inventory and procurement and warehousing, quality and inspection and statistical process control, and spreadsheet and reporting and presentation and word processing software.
O*NET OnLine
United States
current page (updated 2026); accessed 2026-09-20
official occupation details
exact title (51-1011.00)
The work context percentages are survey results from respondents and do not represent all positions; special operation and safety and occupational health and employment requirements must be verified separately.
2026-09-20
(As presented by O*NET) employment of 698,600 people in 2024, slower than average projected from 2024—2034 (Slower than average, 1% to 2%), and projected average annual openings of about 67,700; this occupation is not marked as Bright Outlook.
The openings presented by O*NET are the projected annual average, and this page marks them as '/year' on that basis and does not interpret them as a ten-year cumulative figure; the openings mainly come from replacement needs.
Main industries for this occupation in 2024: manufacturing (that page lists only this item).
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
United States
2024—2034 projections as presented by O*NET OnLine; accessed 2026-09-20
official employment projections (exact occupation scope)
exact occupation 51-1011.00
A projection does not equal actual results; the annual average openings include replacement needs and cannot be broken down into the probability of an individual obtaining a position; the statistics use an employed-persons scope.
2026-09-20
Median hourly wage 35.79 US dollars and median annual wage 74,450 US dollars; the 10th, 25th, 75th, and 90th percentiles are approximately 47,130, 58,630, 91,680, and 108,750 US dollars/year respectively (hourly wages 22.66, 28.19, 44.08, and 52.28 US dollars).
OEWS uses an employed-persons scope; shift work and overtime and night shift and performance and allowances and regional and industry differences are usually not counted or only partially counted.
No industry-readable industry-specific wage table was found on this occupation's page, and the industry rows on this page are marked as 'insufficient evidence' and no third-party estimates were used.
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
United States
May 2025 wage data; accessed 2026-09-20
official wage statistics (exact occupation scope)
exact occupation 51-1011.00
The median is not a starting salary; industry-specific values cannot be read by industry; wages do not include shift work and overtime and night shift and allowance and outsourcing and labor employment differences.
2026-09-20
Urban non-private units 'manufacturing' average wage 113,594 yuan/year; urban private units 76,055 yuan/year (2025).
Urban non-private units 'mining' average wage 143,361 yuan/year; urban private units 79,169 yuan/year (2025).
Urban non-private units 'construction' average wage 92,036 yuan/year; urban private units 66,275 yuan/year (2025).
Urban non-private units 'leasing and business services' average wage 110,162 yuan/year; urban private units 68,919 yuan/year (2025).
National urban non-private unit employed persons average annual wage 129,441 yuan/year; urban private units 71,590 yuan/year (2025).
Average wages by job category of enterprises above designated size: middle-level and above managers 210,016 yuan/year; clerical and related personnel 94,936 yuan/year (2025).
Mainland China does not list this occupation separately; industry and job category proxy values cannot replace the income of this occupation.
National Bureau of Statistics
Mainland China
2025 annual wage; accessed 2026-09-20
official industry and position proxy
industry proxy: manufacturing; mining; construction; leasing and business services; position-group proxy
Industry average wages and job category average wages cover multiple occupations and cannot be treated as the median or starting salary for this occupation, nor do they include performance and overtime and night shift and team leader allowance and piece-rate and outsourcing and labor employment income.
2026-09-20
Conclusion: most jobs have only partial task exposure, and generative AI is more likely to enhance than to replace as a whole; clerical-type tasks have the highest exposure, and the proportion of highly exposed tasks among management and professional occupations is relatively low.
Uses a task classification method, not corporate adoption data.
International Labour Organization
Global
2023-08-21; accessed 2026-09-20
institutional research (working paper)
global occupational task exposure to generative AI
Task exposure does not equal actual adoption, productivity, or job changes; on-site safety and process judgment and quality and personnel responsibilities must still be borne by trained and authorized personnel.
2026-09-20
The framework is for voluntary adoption and helps organizations incorporate trustworthiness considerations into the design, development, use, and evaluation of AI.
The generative AI overview lists the risks specific to generative AI and gives corresponding management actions, which can be used to design review and record-keeping rules when manufacturing execution and equipment monitoring and scheduling and reporting-type tools are used in this occupation.
National Institute of Standards and Technology
United States/international reference
AI RMF 1.0 released 2023-01-26; GenAI Profile released 2024-07-26; accessed 2026-09-20
voluntary risk management framework
AI risk governance and human oversight
The governance framework contains no occupational or employment statistics and cannot be used as occupational prospect or employment evidence; safety and occupational health and process requirements are subject to the original text of institutional rules and competent authority requirements.
2026-09-20
Used to distinguish occupational facts, statistical scope (exact occupation versus industry proxy), safety and occupational health and quality boundaries, and tool assistance versus manual review.
This research method and editorial summary are marked as internal_rubric or editorial_synthesis.
FermatMind
Mainland China/United States
current authoring rules; accessed 2026-09-20
editorial method
field review and source disclosure
Not an external source of occupational facts, and does not replace official statistics, laws and regulations, institutional rules, or competent authority requirements.
2026-09-20