Foundry Mold and Coremakers

Paper-based fictional exercise｜Casting work order T version V2: each sand mold set uses 2 passing sand cores, the specified core length is 20.00±0.10 millimeters with the endpoints counted as dimensionally passing, and V1 writes ±0.20 and is no longer valid. A/B/C length records are 19.90/20.11/20.00 millimeters, and the log mistakenly writes B as 20.01. The target is 40 sets, the sand mold records show 30 ready, 6 pending inspection, and 4 nonconforming, totaling 40; of the 80 sand cores, 68 pass and 12 fail. Only ready molds and passing cores count toward the number of sets that can be paired, and pending-inspection or nonconforming items are not treated as usable. Flask M has a crack report pending verification, and notice Q suspends production of this batch with no resumption instruction. The exercise provides no sand formulation, strength, baking, pouring, rigging, or repair procedures, and none may be invented. The numbers, rules, and statuses are all editorially fictional. Task｜Use only pen and paper and a calculator for 90 minutes: read the exercise 15, versions and pairing requirements 10, dimensions and B transcription error correction 20, quantity pairing 15, M/Q exception handover 20, review 10 minutes. Deliver the four items of the version matrix, the dimension correction table, the pairing and exception summary, and the tool reflection; do not actually mold or make cores, chemically mix sand, bake, melt or pour, or rig loads.

Occupational definition｜O*NET-SOC51-4071.00 makes and forms wax patterns, sand cores, or sand molds used for metal castings in a foundry. The official tasks include cleaning and repairing molds and core boxes, sifting and filling and ramming sand, placing patterns and cores, closing molds and drawing patterns, cutting runners and sprue, assembling and reinforcing, hoisting or directing the movement of loads, tending shell bonding equipment, and pouring molten metal and operating core ovens or furnaces for melting, skimming, and adding flux. The activities include inspecting equipment and materials and judging quality, so inspection or mechanical tasks cannot be excluded as a whole; process design changes, composition decisions, and final release authority must be checked against the actual position and effective procedures and are not decided uniformly by the title.

Work context｜O*NET51-4071 respondents' answers to specific options, not everyone's conditions, an accident rate, or personal risk. Protection and environment｜100% protective gear every day, 97% indoors in an uncontrolled environment and contaminants every day, 80% very hot or very cold every day. Noise and lighting｜74% distracting noise every day, 44% very bright or inadequate lighting every day. Posture and motion｜79% continuous standing, 64% continuous hand use, 32% bending or twisting less than half the time, 22% repetitive motions less than half the time. Communication and collaboration｜74% continuous contact, 65% face-to-face every day, 52% teamwork being extremely important. Hazard exposure｜71% hazardous equipment every day, 56% hazardous conditions, 55% the daily item for exposure to minor burns, cuts, bites, and stings, which is not the daily actual injury rate. Pace and autonomy｜39% equipment speed determining pace being extremely important, 57% some freedom over task priorities, 49% some decision freedom, 31% never making decisions. Time and responsibility｜48% daily time pressure, 81% over 40 hours, 38% moderate responsibility for health and safety, 38% decisions having an important impact, 47% coordinating or leading being important. Other options｜59% moderate competition, 33% physical proximity being slightly close, 41% walking less than half the time; the options do not stand in for individual competence or health conclusions.

Environment and workload｜The official tasks include filling and ramming sand, carrying, and furnaces and pouring; the standing and contaminant options do not mean that everyone pours every day and are not used to set medium-high physical effort or disease risk. Actual lifting, shifts, on-site environment, and training should be checked with the employer.

Tools and materials｜The official tasks include hand or pneumatic ramming tools, patterns and core boxes, glue and reinforcing wire, cranes, and furnaces and ladles. Check effective drawings and processes, gauges, and training against the actual process; this article's equipment list is not treated as an individual protection configuration or operating procedure. Official software｜CAD lists AutoCAD, SolidWorks, and Creo; CAM lists Mastercam, plus machine control and inventory tracking. The list does not prove that everyone uses them, that programming is required, or that AI has been adopted ; specific equipment and positions are checked separately. This page's paper items need only pen and paper, a calculator, and a timer.

Editorial process sketch｜Check the work order version and process steps → Mold and make cores and repair → Place cores and close molds and cut runners → Check furnaces and pouring against position procedures → Clean and inspect → Record and hand over; this is a task organization suggestion rather than an operating process, and the specific process steps and authority are checked separately.

Quality suggestions｜The official activities list inspecting equipment and structural materials and judging quality, and the tasks list repairing surfaces; the suggestion is to keep the effective process version and original records, and specific design changes, composition decisions, rework and scrap, and final release authority are checked separately.

Adjacent duties｜51-4072 equipment, 51-4062 patterns, 51-4061 models, 51-4111 tool and die, 51-4041 machinists, and 51-4191 heat treating each have their own output emphasis; activities may overlap, and actual design, inspection, and release authority are checked separately.

Exception check｜Check the real conditions for reporting, stopping, isolating, and resuming sand mold and core and equipment and record anomalies, and do not treat this article as a safety procedure. On paper, the M crack is pending verification, the Q suspension has not resumed, and the missing formulation, temperature, and rigging and repair procedures are listed as pending, without inventing actions.

Check version and process steps → Mold and coremaking and repair → Close molds and runners → Check furnace and pouring conditions → Clean and inspect → Record and hand over

Equipment position comparison｜51-4072 focuses on equipment setup and operation; this occupation also tends shell bonding equipment and furnaces and pouring, so the machine tasks cannot be said to belong entirely to the adjacent position or to necessarily have a stronger output pace.

Adjacent emphasis｜Models 51-4061 focus on making metal and plastic models and patterns 51-4062 on patterns; this occupation uses patterns to mold and make cores and includes surface repair, and the activities may overlap, so it cannot be said uniformly that no molds are made at all.

Adjacent comparison｜Molding and coremaking differs in emphasis from equipment setup, patterns and models, tool and die, precision cutting, and heat treating, and the activities may overlap; inspection or mold making is not uniformly excluded by name, and final authority is not defined.

Inspection and process comparison｜This occupation's activities include inspecting materials and equipment and judging quality, so all inspection cannot be uniformly excluded; inspection 51-9061 and heat treating 51-4191 are checked separately for task emphasis, and final authority is set by the specific position procedures.

Insufficient evidence: specific Chinese recruitment and licensing jurisdictions and training lists were not verified this round. The United States BLS dedicated row typically enters with a high school diploma or equivalent, no related work experience, and medium-term on-the-job training; the O*NET64% high school and 36% less than high school are respondents' answers about the education required for new hires, not the actual practitioner distribution. Zone1—2/SVP<6 and several days to one year are a level overview, not an individual uniform duration, and no mainstream Chinese path is invented.

Authority boundary｜The official tasks include repair, machinery, and furnaces and pouring, and specific process design, composition decisions, rework and scrap, repair, and final release authority require checking the position procedures and are neither uniformly granted nor removed.

Insufficient evidence: this round obtained no generative AI exposure score, enterprise adoption rate, or employment causal material precisely for 51-4071, and no medium-low, short-term non-replacement, or most-affected-task conclusion is given. The editorial assistance candidates are effective process search, record checking, and report drafts; CAD, CAM, machine control, and inventory software do not equal generative AI adoption or a uniform programming requirement. On-site status, process adjustments, and release are still checked against actual personnel authorization and effective procedures.

Occupational definition｜O*NET-SOC51-4071.00 makes and forms wax patterns, sand cores, or sand molds used for metal castings in a foundry. The official tasks include cleaning and repairing molds and core boxes, sifting and filling and ramming sand, placing patterns and cores, closing molds and drawing patterns, cutting runners and sprue, assembling and reinforcing, hoisting or directing the movement of loads, tending shell bonding equipment, and pouring molten metal and operating core ovens or furnaces for melting, skimming, and adding flux. The activities include inspecting equipment and materials and judging quality, so inspection or mechanical tasks cannot be excluded as a whole; process design changes, composition decisions, and final release authority must be checked against the actual position and effective procedures and are not decided uniformly by the title.

Data and system thresholds｜Before adoption, verify: whether process and drawing and first-article and patrol data can be traced back to the sand mold and core and furnace batch and person and time; whether sand and resin and coating and pouring parameter and batch data use consistent definitions; the permissions and retention periods for process and quality and customer data; data consistency and audit trails with production, quality, and equipment systems; and whether offline work can continue and original records be retained during network outages or system failures.

Human control points and manual review｜Sand selection and mixing and filling and ramming, placing patterns and closing molds and drawing, placing cores and closing flasks and cutting gates, repair and reinforcement, melting and pouring and hoisting and shutdown decisions, and the judgment of sand mold, core, and casting quality and safety anomalies must be completed by operators and crews and the melting and quality leads; any tool-generated parameters and statistics and reports must be checked by a human and leave a trail before use.

Residual responsibility｜Matters that must not be released automatically: whether sand molds and cores and closed flasks are usable, whether pouring temperature and speed and gates meet the process, how defects and scrap are handled, whether process and parameter changes are compliant, and decisions involving shutdown and isolation and reporting. No tool output equals a quality judgment or a safety release decision.

Failure risk｜If tool output is not reviewed, it may lead to sand mixing and pouring parameter errors, sand mold and core defects, misruns and batch scrap, and distorted production and quality records, causing equipment, personal, quality, and cost consequences. Before rollout, clarify who reviews and against what process and standards and on-site observation.

Employment evidence boundary｜Employment and wage data for this occupation must be distinguished by definition: the United States figures from O*NET and BLS are estimates under a specific statistical definition and cannot be directly extrapolated to mainland China or other regions; China uses the industry-category average wage as a background proxy, which does not constitute an occupational wage conclusion. Everything generated should be traceable to original inputs and sources, and fluent wording must not be treated as correct evidence.

Editorial assistance suggestions｜Record organizing and retrieval can first be checked on fictional or authorized data; the suggestions are not written as observed adoption or efficiency gains, and on-site process and quality responsibility is checked against specific authorization.

Cross-market definition boundary｜Mainland China and the United States use different industry and occupational classification systems: mainland China publishes average wages of urban unit employees by national economic industry category and does not list this occupation separately; the United States gives estimates by SOC occupation and industry. The two cannot be spliced or converted, and an industry average cannot be used in place of an occupational wage.

Insufficient evidence: this round obtained no Chinese wage, employment, or recruitment sample for this occupation, and it is not asserted from this that none exists nationwide. The NBS2025 manufacturing figures of 113,594 non-private and 76,055 private yuan/year are an industry proxy, not an occupational wage; the urban legal entities with 5 or more persons scope excludes self-employed individuals and freelancers, the total wage includes stipulated bonuses and allowances, and piece-rate, overtime, or scattered employment status is not broadly excluded.

Mainland China wage evidence review points｜This page provides only statistical definitions, industry background proxies, and a register of visible gaps; it does not provide an estimated salary for this occupation. Before using any value, first confirm whether its statistical definition (industry category / occupation), statistical period, unit of measurement, and covered population are comparable to this occupation.

OEWS covers full-time and part-time wage and salary employees and excludes the self-employed; normal-hours pre-tax wages include base pay, piece rates, commissions, production bonuses, cost-of-living allowances, and hazardous work pay, and exclude overtime premium, shift differentials, non-production bonuses, and employer benefit costs. All allowances or dispatch and seasonal status must not be categorically excluded. Annual wages are usually converted as hourly wage times 2080 and do not equal an individual's actual hours, take-home pay, or annual earnings.

Insufficient evidence: this round obtained no Chinese wage, employment, or recruitment sample for this occupation, and it is not asserted from this that none exists nationwide. The NBS2025 manufacturing figures of 113,594 non-private and 76,055 private yuan/year are an industry proxy, not an occupational wage; the urban legal entities with 5 or more persons scope excludes self-employed individuals and freelancers, the total wage includes stipulated bonuses and allowances, and piece-rate, overtime, or scattered employment status is not broadly excluded.

Insufficient evidence: this round obtained no Chinese wage, employment, or recruitment sample for this occupation, and it is not asserted from this that none exists nationwide. The NBS2025 manufacturing figures of 113,594 non-private and 76,055 private yuan/year are an industry proxy, not an occupational wage; the urban legal entities with 5 or more persons scope excludes self-employed individuals and freelancers, the total wage includes stipulated bonuses and allowances, and piece-rate, overtime, or scattered employment status is not broadly excluded.

Mainland China wage evidence — statistical period｜The industry average wage is an annual figure (the values below are for 2025, released in 2026) and differs from the United States 2025 point-in-time wage on this page; the two periods cannot be mixed.

Cross-market definition boundary｜Mainland China's industry average wage and the United States' occupational wage differ in statistical object, period, and definition; this page lists them separately with limitations noted, makes no currency conversion, and does not treat the industry average as an occupational wage.

Insufficient evidence: this round obtained no Chinese wage, employment, or recruitment sample for this occupation, and it is not asserted from this that none exists nationwide. The NBS2025 manufacturing figures of 113,594 non-private and 76,055 private yuan/year are an industry proxy, not an occupational wage; the urban legal entities with 5 or more persons scope excludes self-employed individuals and freelancers, the total wage includes stipulated bonuses and allowances, and piece-rate, overtime, or scattered employment status is not broadly excluded.

Insufficient evidence: this round obtained no Chinese wage, employment, or recruitment sample for this occupation, and it is not asserted from this that none exists nationwide. The NBS2025 manufacturing figures of 113,594 non-private and 76,055 private yuan/year are an industry proxy, not an occupational wage; the urban legal entities with 5 or more persons scope excludes self-employed individuals and freelancers, the total wage includes stipulated bonuses and allowances, and piece-rate, overtime, or scattered employment status is not broadly excluded.

Insufficient evidence: this round obtained no Chinese wage, employment, or recruitment sample for this occupation, and it is not asserted from this that none exists nationwide. The NBS2025 manufacturing figures of 113,594 non-private and 76,055 private yuan/year are an industry proxy, not an occupational wage; the urban legal entities with 5 or more persons scope excludes self-employed individuals and freelancers, the total wage includes stipulated bonuses and allowances, and piece-rate, overtime, or scattered employment status is not broadly excluded.

OEWS covers full-time and part-time wage and salary employees and excludes the self-employed; normal-hours pre-tax wages include base pay, piece rates, commissions, production bonuses, cost-of-living allowances, and hazardous work pay, and exclude overtime premium, shift differentials, non-production bonuses, and employer benefit costs. All allowances or dispatch and seasonal status must not be categorically excluded. Annual wages are usually converted as hourly wage times 2080 and do not equal an individual's actual hours, take-home pay, or annual earnings.

Period｜Wages are May2025, the EP base period is 2025 with an endpoint of 2035, and openings are the whole-period annual average projection; they must not be mixed with the old O*NET2024—2034 fields.

OEWS covers full-time and part-time wage and salary employees and excludes the self-employed; normal-hours pre-tax wages include base pay, piece rates, commissions, production bonuses, cost-of-living allowances, and hazardous work pay, and exclude overtime premium, shift differentials, non-production bonuses, and employer benefit costs. All allowances or dispatch and seasonal status must not be categorically excluded. Annual wages are usually converted as hourly wage times 2080 and do not equal an individual's actual hours, take-home pay, or annual earnings.

OEWS covers full-time and part-time wage and salary employees and excludes the self-employed; normal-hours pre-tax wages include base pay, piece rates, commissions, production bonuses, cost-of-living allowances, and hazardous work pay, and exclude overtime premium, shift differentials, non-production bonuses, and employer benefit costs. All allowances or dispatch and seasonal status must not be categorically excluded. Annual wages are usually converted as hourly wage times 2080 and do not equal an individual's actual hours, take-home pay, or annual earnings.

Scope｜This occupation is 51-4071; casting equipment 51-4072, metal and plastic models 51-4061, metal and plastic patterns 51-4062, tool and die 51-4111, machinists 51-4041, and heat treating 51-4191; 51-7032 is wood patternmaking and not metal and plastic models, and wages must not be mixed.

Normal May2025Profiles national and four specific industry wages have been obtained; the current dedicated 2025—2035 employment is 12.7 to 9.8 thousand, a net decrease of 2.9 thousand, -23%, with average annual openings of .8 thousand including replacement rather than new positions, and is not AI causation.

Comparison｜This occupation molds and makes cores and includes machinery and furnaces and pouring; the equipment operation, pattern, model, tool and die, and cutting directions each have their own output emphasis, and tasks may overlap. Adjacent names cannot define all authority and do not constitute a qualification or hiring conclusion.

Comparison boundary｜The table below shows output emphasis and editorial exploration suggestions, not verified hiring, pay, or role-change difficulty, and adjacent positions are not inferred from this occupation's wages.

Preface｜The following comparison is laid out in four columns: occupational direction — core work and outputs — key differences — who it suits better. These casting and metal forming positions are often sequenced by process, but sequencing does not mean they are interchangeable; when moving across directions, procedures, processes, and safety and qualification requirements must be relearned.

Outputs are making and closing sand molds and cores and gates and pouring and cleaning: selecting and mixing and filling and ramming sand, placing patterns and closing molds and drawing, placing cores and closing flasks and cutting gates, cleaning and repairing and reinforcing, carrying and hoisting, and melting and pouring and baking.

Better suited to people who are willing to mold and make cores in a foundry according to process and safety procedures, can bear the process and safety responsibility of closing flasks and pouring, and accept a high temperature and dust and hoisting environment.

Outputs are usable sand molds and cores and qualified castings and traceable records: sand mold and core and closed flask and gate records, pouring and temperature and speed records, and defect and repair and scrap records.

This occupation: Foundry Mold and Coremakers

Outputs are molding and coremaking and pouring machine setup and operation and batch production: equipment setup and machine adjustment, machine molding and core shooting and pouring, parameter and takt control, and routine equipment and die maintenance.

The equipment direction can check setup and machine molding emphasis; this occupation also tends bonding equipment, so hand and machine work are not treated as completely mutually exclusive.

Outputs are batch sand molds and cores and castings and equipment records: equipment parameter and takt and output records, and sand mold and core and casting quality records.

Molding, Coremaking, and Casting Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic

Outputs are the design, manufacturing, and fitting of patterns and core boxes and dies: drawing reading and layout and machining and assembly and die trials and fitting, and precision and surface and fit control.

The pattern direction checks pattern making and fitting; this occupation focuses on molding and coremaking and repairs surfaces, and the specific division of labor is checked separately.

Outputs are patterns and core boxes and dies and inspection records: dimensional and fit and surface records, and die trial and fitting records.

Patternmakers, Metal and Plastic

Outputs are the making and fitting of models and samples and dies: drawing reading and layout and material selection and machining and assembly and fitting, and surface and precision control.

The model direction checks model and sample making; this occupation leans toward casting molds and cores and does not exclude any cross activity by name.

Outputs are models and samples and fitting records: dimensional and surface and precision records, and fitting and trial fit records.

Model Makers, Metal and Plastic

Outputs are the design, manufacturing, and fitting of dies and tools and fixtures: drawing reading and processes and machining and heat treating and assembly and die trials and fitting, and precision and life control.

The tool and die direction checks the machining and manufacturing emphasis; this occupation makes production cores and repairs surfaces, and actual task overlap is checked separately.

Outputs are dies and tools and fixtures and inspection records: dimensional and fit and life records, and die trial and fitting records.

Tool and Die Makers

Outputs are machining and precision part manufacturing and equipment setup: reading drawings and processes, turning and milling and drilling and grinding and setup and alignment, dimensional and geometric inspection, and machine and tool and fixture maintenance.

The machinist direction checks the precision cutting emphasis; this occupation leans toward molding and coremaking, and specific training and tasks are checked separately.

Outputs are precision parts and inspection records: part dimensional and geometric and surface records, and machine and tool and fixture maintenance records.

Machinists

Exploration suggestions｜Compare the output emphasis and check work orders, equipment, shifts, training, and authority with the employer; paper items cannot replace on-site assessment, and similar tasks cannot be used to infer role-change distance.

Apprentice and molding assistance stage

Use tools in reversible assistance steps: process and drawing search, sand and resin and coating usage logging, and sand mold and core number and record checking; molding and closing flasks and pouring are subject to verification by the mentor and crew.

Molding and coremaking position

Use digital tools for sand mold and core and pouring parameter and patrol data records, sand and resin and coating usage and die life reminders, and production and quality reports; molding and repair and closing flasks and pouring are still completed by the individual.

Multi-process and machine adjustment position

Use tools for process parameter and takt and scrap analysis and statistics, and sand processing and equipment and die maintenance plans and exception summaries; process and equipment adjustment judgment are made by the individual and the process lead.

Crew leader and process and quality lead

Use tools for production and quality data analysis and training and archive management; conclusions about shutdown and scrap decisions and process and safety must be approved by a human with a trail left.

Insufficient evidence: this round obtained no generative AI exposure score, enterprise adoption rate, or employment causal material precisely for 51-4071, and no medium-low, short-term non-replacement, or most-affected-task conclusion is given. The editorial assistance candidates are effective process search, record checking, and report drafts; CAD, CAM, machine control, and inventory software do not equal generative AI adoption or a uniform programming requirement. On-site status, process adjustments, and release are still checked against actual personnel authorization and effective procedures.

O*NET 51-4071.00 detailed profile (tasks and work activities)

Used to define this occupation's task scope and work context; it is a United States occupational classification definition and does not cover mainland China's occupational divisions.

BLS occupational employment projections 2025—2035

BLS51-4071 current dedicated projections: about 12,700 people in 2025 and about 9,800 in 2035, a change of -23.0% and a ten-year net decrease of about 2,900; average annual openings of about 800 over 2025—2035, including growth and replacement, not 800 new positions or actual hiring. The original table's employment and openings unit is thousands; EP includes the self-employed, and the dedicated self-employed column "—" is not 0. The O*NET summary still lists the old 2024—2034 with 900 openings, while this article uses the updated BLS table.

BLS OEWS wage statistics (2025)

OEWS covers full-time and part-time wage and salary employees and excludes the self-employed; normal-hours pre-tax wages include base pay, piece rates, commissions, production bonuses, cost-of-living allowances, and hazardous work pay, and exclude overtime premium, shift differentials, non-production bonuses, and employer benefit costs. All allowances or dispatch and seasonal status must not be categorically excluded. Annual wages are usually converted as hourly wage times 2080 and do not equal an individual's actual hours, take-home pay, or annual earnings.

ILO research on the future of work and generative AI task exposure

ILO2025WP140 uses task surveys and expert and model estimates of the global potential exposure of ISCO08, not manufacturing process shares, adoption efficiency for this SOC, or employment causation; the original feature entry point is not the full paper.

NIST Artificial Intelligence Risk Management Framework (AI RMF 1.0)

Used for general principles of governance and risk control; it is not a casting safety and quality or occupational health standard.

O*NET 51-4071.00 occupational scope

Used to define the occupational boundary (making sand molds and cores for casting production); used for classification checks.

O*NET interests

Used to understand this occupation's interest codes and preference directions; interest data does not constitute a hiring or fit conclusion.

Editorial comparison｜Tool retrieval, checking, and consolidation are candidate analyses, and adoption and efficiency were not verified; the actual process steps and authority are checked separately, and technical feasibility, institutional adoption, and job outcomes are evidenced separately.

Editorial candidate: process search and record checking, with efficiency not verified.

Selecting and mixing and filling and ramming sand and placing patterns and closing molds

Editorial candidate: core record consolidation and reminders, with adoption not verified.

Placing cores and closing flasks and cutting gates, repair and reinforcement and pouring and hoisting

Editorial candidate: report drafts and training materials, with effects not verified.

Molten metal and pouring safety and shutdown and isolation decisions, and scrap and process deviation decisions

Evidence preface｜Citation rules: cite only sources that can support the claims on this page; state the jurisdiction, period, and statistical scope; general research focused on broad occupational groups must not be used to infer changes in this occupation's individual jobs; a technology list does not mean it has been adopted; sources cannot replace operators' on-site judgment about sand molds and cores and pouring and safety.

Occupational-level description, not an automated risk assessment

O*NET 51-4071.00 detailed profile

O*NET lists on-site tasks and context but gives no task time share, high temperature and dust accident rate, or generative AI score.

O*NET tasks do not prove that AI is hard to replace or a replacement rate; the assistance candidates in this article are editorial analysis.

OEWS covers full-time and part-time wage and salary employees and excludes the self-employed; normal-hours pre-tax wages include base pay, piece rates, commissions, production bonuses, cost-of-living allowances, and hazardous work pay, and exclude overtime premium, shift differentials, non-production bonuses, and employer benefit costs. All allowances or dispatch and seasonal status must not be categorically excluded. Annual wages are usually converted as hourly wage times 2080 and do not equal an individual's actual hours, take-home pay, or annual earnings.

BLS OEWS（2025）

A point-in-time sample estimate of United States wages

OEWS covers full-time and part-time wage and salary employees and excludes the self-employed; normal-hours pre-tax wages include base pay, piece rates, commissions, production bonuses, cost-of-living allowances, and hazardous work pay, and exclude overtime premium, shift differentials, non-production bonuses, and employer benefit costs. All allowances or dispatch and seasonal status must not be categorically excluded. Annual wages are usually converted as hourly wage times 2080 and do not equal an individual's actual hours, take-home pay, or annual earnings.

Must not be extrapolated to a specific enterprise's or individual's job outcomes

ILO2025 research on the potential exposure of occupational tasks to generative AI

Global ISCO08 task potential exposure, not manufacturing process or adoption results for this SOC.

Task exposure only shows a task can be reached by technology; it does not equal job loss

Not a casting safety and quality or occupational health standard

NIST AI RMF 1.0

General AI risk governance framework

Adopting digital tools requires clear responsibility assignment, data, and fallback plans

Projections are not actual hiring numbers; the scale is small

BLS employment projections method notes

Projections include growth and replacement needs

BLS51-4071 current dedicated projections: about 12,700 people in 2025 and about 9,800 in 2035, a change of -23.0% and a ten-year net decrease of about 2,900; average annual openings of about 800 over 2025—2035, including growth and replacement, not 800 new positions or actual hiring. The original table's employment and openings unit is thousands; EP includes the self-employed, and the dedicated self-employed column "—" is not 0. The O*NET summary still lists the old 2024—2034 with 900 openings, while this article uses the updated BLS table.

Technically feasible: a task could technically be reached by a tool; this is only a feasibility judgment and does not mean use is permitted or that an enterprise has adopted it.

Institutional adoption: whether to introduce it depends on the enterprise's workshop and melting and safety and quality procedures; process and quality and safety responsibility cannot be transferred by introducing a tool.

Job outcomes require dedicated adoption and employment evidence; this round did not verify the effects of investment, automation, or orders, and job changes are not inferred from technical feasibility.

Insufficient evidence: this round obtained no generative AI exposure score, enterprise adoption rate, or employment causal material precisely for 51-4071, and no medium-low, short-term non-replacement, or most-affected-task conclusion is given. The editorial assistance candidates are effective process search, record checking, and report drafts; CAD, CAM, machine control, and inventory software do not equal generative AI adoption or a uniform programming requirement. On-site status, process adjustments, and release are still checked against actual personnel authorization and effective procedures.

O*NET tasks and evidence boundaries

Programming threshold｜Official software｜CAD lists AutoCAD, SolidWorks, and Creo; CAM lists Mastercam, plus machine control and inventory tracking. The list does not prove that everyone uses them, that programming is required, or that AI has been adopted; specific equipment and positions are checked separately. This page's paper items need only pen and paper, a calculator, and a timer.

O*NET software and tasks

Insufficient evidence: a precise task exposure ranking was not verified; process search, record checking, and reports are only editorial assistance candidates and are not called the easiest.

O*NET tasks; the ranking is unverified

BLS51-4071 current dedicated projections: about 12,700 people in 2025 and about 9,800 in 2035, a change of -23.0% and a ten-year net decrease of about 2,900; average annual openings of about 800 over 2025—2035, including growth and replacement, not 800 new positions or actual hiring. The original table's employment and openings unit is thousands; EP includes the self-employed, and the dedicated self-employed column "—" is not 0. The O*NET summary still lists the old 2024—2034 with 900 openings, while this article uses the updated BLS table. A projected decline does not equal AI replacement that has already occurred.

BLS2025—2035 projections

Authority｜Tool text does not create contract signing or payment authority, and actual institutional and personnel authorization must be checked; NIST is general governance, not payment authorization law.

NIST general governance, not payment authorization

Insufficient evidence: there is no material on a job disappearance year; the 2035 projection still at about 9800 people does not prove that it will disappear afterwards or exist permanently.

BLS projections do not indicate a disappearance year

Study suggestions｜First practice effective versions, core dimensions, mold-core pairing calculations, original record error correction, and exception handover; actual molding and coremaking, furnaces, pouring, and rigging require real training and authorization.

O*NET tasks and editorial learning suggestions

Responsibility framework｜The following are editorial check suggestions; the real site, personnel authorization, and procedures are checked separately and are not treated as safety or release procedures.

Sand mold and core condition: whether sand molds and cores and closed flasks are usable and whether repair or redoing is needed are judged by operators and crews after on-site checking; tools do not judge the real situation.

Molding and closing flasks and gates: whether the sand mold and core dimensions and strength and venting and gate positions meet the process must be determined by the operator after making and checking.

On-site check｜Actual operation, protection, stopping and isolation, and resumption conditions are checked against effective procedures and the responsible person, and this article does not automatically generate actions.

Quality and records: sand mold and core and pouring and temperature and speed and defect records must be true and complete, process and formulation and customer data must be limited to their purpose, and tools must not be used to generate unverified records.

Emergency and authority｜For direct danger and injury, secure safety first, call for help, and report, without waiting for crew confirmation before stopping dangerous activity or requesting help; the stopping method and energy isolation are handled by trained and authorized personnel according to effective procedures, and process changes, scrap, and resumption and release are checked separately with a trail left.

Parameter or statistical errors lead to sand mold and core defects and batch scrap

Must be checked on site with a trail left before production and release, and the reviewer must be specified

Distorted forming and pouring judgment affects quality and cost and safety

Molding and closing flasks and pouring inspection must be done by humans; tools only provide record and statistical forms

Enterprise and customer information may leak or be misused

Limit purpose and retention period; do not upload sensitive materials to external services

Distorted quality and process records affect traceability and the definition of responsibility

Records must reflect the real process and basis; generating unverified content is prohibited

When a personal or equipment or batch scrap accident occurs, responsibility cannot be defined

Before adopting a tool, specify the responsible persons for review and release and handling and leave a trail

Sand selection and ramming are done by humans

Sand selection and mixing and molding

Formulation and usage search can assist; operations are done by humans

Editorial task note｜Select and mix sand and fill it into flasks and core boxes and ram it; this is not observed AI adoption or effects.

Placing and drawing are done by humans

Placing patterns and closing molds

Record tools can assist; judgment is done by humans

Editorial task note｜Place patterns and close molds and draw them and apply release agent; this is not observed AI adoption or effects.

Coremaking and closing flasks are done by humans

Coremaking and placing cores

Parameter records can assist; operations are done by humans

Editorial task note｜Make sand cores and place them and close flasks and cut gates; this is not observed AI adoption or effects.

Repair and reinforcement are done by humans

Cleaning and repair and reinforcement

Defect libraries and records can assist; handling is done by humans

Editorial task note｜Clean and repair sand molds and cores and reinforce them; this is not observed AI adoption or effects.

Hoisting and directing are the responsibility of humans

Carrying and hoisting

Rigging ledgers can assist; operations are done by humans

Editorial task note｜Move flasks and patterns and castings by hand or with cranes and rigging; this is not observed AI adoption or effects.

Melting and pouring are the responsibility of humans

Melting and pouring and baking

Parameter monitoring can assist; pouring is done by humans

Editorial task note｜Operate a baking oven or melting furnace to bake cores and melt and pour; this is not observed AI adoption or effects.

Inspection and records are done by humans

Inspection and records and handover

Report and ledger tools can assist; truthfulness is the responsibility of humans

Editorial task note｜Inspect sand molds and cores and castings and record truthfully and hand over; this is not observed AI adoption or effects.

Editorial analysis summary｜Record retrieval and consolidation can explore tool assistance, and the specific efficiency, adoption, and employment effects were not verified; on-site status and process and quality and safety decisions are checked against effective procedures and personnel authorization, and fluent text is not used in place of the real situation.

Median hourly wage 23.13 US dollars / median annual wage 48,110 US dollars (2025, BLS OEWS)

Definition｜United States May2025 national wage; boundary｜the midpoint of the distribution, not a starting wage or the pay of any one plant.

10th percentile 37,160 US dollars/year (2025, BLS OEWS)

Definition｜United States May2025 national wage; boundary｜the 10th percentile does not identify newcomers or people with less overtime.

25th percentile 41,870 US dollars/year (2025, BLS OEWS)

Definition｜United States May2025 national wage; boundary｜the 25th percentile does not identify corresponding seniority or positions.

75th percentile 57,350 US dollars/year (2025, BLS OEWS)

Definition｜United States May2025 national wage; boundary｜the 75th percentile does not identify machine adjusters or senior groups.

90th percentile 62,640 US dollars/year (2025, BLS OEWS)

Definition｜United States May2025 national wage; boundary｜the 90th percentile, and 62,640÷37,160 is about 1.686, or 1.7 times; it does not explain attainability or the cause of difference.

Employment about 12,700 (2025, BLS51-4071)

Definition｜EP base-period employment includes the self-employed; boundary｜the dedicated self-employed column "—" is not 0 and is not the OEWS count or hiring.

Change -23.0% (2025—2035, BLS51-4071)

Definition｜Ten-year projected change; boundary｜12.7 thousand to 9.8 thousand, a net decrease of about 2.9 thousand, not AI causation.

Average annual openings about 800 (2025—2035, BLS51-4071)

Definition｜Average annual growth and replacement openings over the whole projection; boundary｜not new positions or actual hiring, and no personal opportunity is guaranteed.

Insufficient evidence: this round obtained no generative AI exposure score, enterprise adoption rate, or employment causal material precisely for 51-4071, and no medium-low, short-term non-replacement, or most-affected-task conclusion is given. The editorial assistance candidates are effective process search, record checking, and report drafts; CAD, CAM, machine control, and inventory software do not equal generative AI adoption or a uniform programming requirement. On-site status, process adjustments, and release are still checked against actual personnel authorization and effective procedures.

Occupational definition｜O*NET-SOC51-4071.00 makes and forms wax patterns, sand cores, or sand molds used for metal castings in a foundry. The official tasks include cleaning and repairing molds and core boxes, sifting and filling and ramming sand, placing patterns and cores, closing molds and drawing patterns, cutting runners and sprue, assembling and reinforcing, hoisting or directing the movement of loads, tending shell bonding equipment, and pouring molten metal and operating core ovens or furnaces for melting, skimming, and adding flux. The activities include inspecting equipment and materials and judging quality, so inspection or mechanical tasks cannot be excluded as a whole; process design changes, composition decisions, and final release authority must be checked against the actual position and effective procedures and are not decided uniformly by the title.

Junior high school or incomplete high school

Editorial exploration｜Actual positions and preparation conditions are checked separately; this is not a mapping of Chinese recruitment education.

Insufficient evidence: the positions, employer preferences, and pay corresponding to this preparation background in China were not sampled; drawing, core, and process learning requirements can be checked, and education is not inferred to guarantee employment.

High school diploma or equivalent

Editorial exploration｜Actual positions and preparation conditions are checked separately; this is not a mapping of Chinese recruitment education.

Insufficient evidence: the positions, employer preferences, and pay corresponding to this preparation background in China were not sampled; drawing, core, and process learning requirements can be checked, and education is not inferred to guarantee employment.

Secondary vocational or technical school (casting or mechanical related)

Editorial exploration｜Actual positions and preparation conditions are checked separately; this is not a mapping of Chinese recruitment education.

Insufficient evidence: the positions, employer preferences, and pay corresponding to this preparation background in China were not sampled; drawing, core, and process learning requirements can be checked, and education is not inferred to guarantee employment.

Junior college or above or advanced skill level

Editorial exploration｜Actual positions and preparation conditions are checked separately; this is not a mapping of Chinese recruitment education.

Insufficient evidence: the positions, employer preferences, and pay corresponding to this preparation background in China were not sampled; drawing, core, and process learning requirements can be checked, and education is not inferred to guarantee employment.

Automotive and machinery and hardware and pipe fitting casting

Editorial industry exploration｜Whether that direction has molding and coremaking tasks can be checked, and the main employers, demand, and strictness were not quantified this round.

Castings and precision casting and nonferrous alloy specialist plants

Editorial industry exploration｜Whether that direction has molding and coremaking tasks can be checked, and the main employers, demand, and strictness were not quantified this round.

Pattern and die and equipment repair services

Editorial industry exploration｜Whether that direction has molding and coremaking tasks can be checked, and the main employers, demand, and strictness were not quantified this round.

National Bureau of Statistics: average wages of urban unit employees (statistical release index)｜https://www.stats.gov.cn/xxgk/sjfb/zxfb2020/

Name boundary｜The fixed Chinese index term is foundry mold and coremaker, United States 51-4071; this is not a verified Chinese alias or crew leader position table.

Insufficient evidence: this round obtained no Chinese wage, employment, or recruitment sample for this occupation, and it is not asserted from this that none exists nationwide. The NBS2025 manufacturing figures of 113,594 non-private and 76,055 private yuan/year are an industry proxy, not an occupational wage; the urban legal entities with 5 or more persons scope excludes self-employed individuals and freelancers, the total wage includes stipulated bonuses and allowances, and piece-rate, overtime, or scattered employment status is not broadly excluded.

Insufficient evidence: this round obtained no Chinese wage, employment, or recruitment sample for this occupation, and it is not asserted from this that none exists nationwide. The NBS2025 manufacturing figures of 113,594 non-private and 76,055 private yuan/year are an industry proxy, not an occupational wage; the urban legal entities with 5 or more persons scope excludes self-employed individuals and freelancers, the total wage includes stipulated bonuses and allowances, and piece-rate, overtime, or scattered employment status is not broadly excluded. United States wages use May2025 and EP2025—2035 respectively, with no splicing or conversion.

National Bureau of Statistics: explanatory notes on the statistical definition of average wages of urban unit employees｜https://www.stats.gov.cn/sj/zxfb/

Insufficient evidence: this round obtained no Chinese wage, employment, or recruitment sample for this occupation, and it is not asserted from this that none exists nationwide. The NBS2025 manufacturing figures of 113,594 non-private and 76,055 private yuan/year are an industry proxy, not an occupational wage; the urban legal entities with 5 or more persons scope excludes self-employed individuals and freelancers, the total wage includes stipulated bonuses and allowances, and piece-rate, overtime, or scattered employment status is not broadly excluded.

First-tier cities (Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen)

Insufficient evidence: no city- or region-verifiable monthly pay data for this occupation was obtained for mainland China; recruitment quotes, industry averages, or secondhand accounts are not used as a fill-in.

Other provincial capitals and regional central cities

Insufficient evidence: no city- or region-verifiable monthly pay data for this occupation was obtained for mainland China; recruitment quotes, industry averages, or secondhand accounts are not used as a fill-in.

Counties and lower-tier markets

Insufficient evidence: no city- or region-verifiable monthly pay data for this occupation was obtained for mainland China; recruitment quotes, industry averages, or secondhand accounts are not used as a fill-in.

Classification boundary｜United States SOC51-4071 is used for this page's dedicated data; Chinese industry-category wages do not distinguish occupations. This round did not verify an item-by-item mapping to the Chinese occupational classification, and molding, coremaking, pouring, and crew leader are not treated as synonyms.

United States BLS and O*NET statistical notes｜https://www.bls.gov/oes/

Change -23.0% (2025—2035, BLS51-4071)

Median hourly wage 23.13 US dollars / median annual wage 48,110 US dollars (2025, BLS OEWS)

O*NET 51-4071.00 occupation and wage data｜https://www.onetonline.org/link/summary/51-4071.00; BLS Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS)｜https://www.bls.gov/oes/; O*NET Foundry Mold and Coremakers national wages｜https://www.onetonline.org/link/localwages/51-4071.00

Median hourly wage 23.13 US dollars / median annual wage 48,110 US dollars (2025, BLS OEWS)

Definition｜United States May2025 national wage; boundary｜the midpoint of the distribution, not a starting wage or the pay of any one plant.

10th percentile 37,160 US dollars/year (2025, BLS OEWS)

Definition｜United States May2025 national wage; boundary｜the 10th percentile does not identify newcomers or people with less overtime.

25th percentile 41,870 US dollars/year (2025, BLS OEWS)

Definition｜United States May2025 national wage; boundary｜the 25th percentile does not identify corresponding seniority or positions.

75th percentile 57,350 US dollars/year (2025, BLS OEWS)

Definition｜United States May2025 national wage; boundary｜the 75th percentile does not identify machine adjusters or senior groups.

90th percentile 62,640 US dollars/year (2025, BLS OEWS)

Definition｜United States May2025 national wage; boundary｜the 90th percentile, and 62,640÷37,160 is about 1.686, or 1.7 times; it does not explain attainability or the cause of difference.

Employment about 12,700 (2025, BLS51-4071)

Definition｜EP base-period employment includes the self-employed; boundary｜the dedicated self-employed column "—" is not 0 and is not the OEWS count or hiring.

Change -23.0% (2025—2035, BLS51-4071)

Definition｜Ten-year projected change; boundary｜12.7 thousand to 9.8 thousand, a net decrease of about 2.9 thousand, not AI causation.

Average annual openings about 800 (2025—2035, BLS51-4071)

Definition｜Average annual growth and replacement openings over the whole projection; boundary｜not new positions or actual hiring, and no personal opportunity is guaranteed.

Normal profiles have verified May2025 employees 12790/RSE3.1%, mean annual 49860, median 48110, and all percentiles; EP12700 is another program. The medians of the four specific industries have been verified, with no extrapolation to China or an individual's take-home pay; OEWS includes full-time and part-time employees and excludes the self-employed, overtime premium, shift differentials, and employer benefit costs.

The United States May2025 national median hourly wage is 23.13 and the annual wage 48,110 US dollars, with quintiles of 37,160/41,870/48,110/57,350/62,640 US dollars per year and a top-to-bottom decile ratio of about 1.7 times. The distribution does not prove that enterprise, region, skill, or shift causes the differences, and the median is not a starting wage. OEWS covers full-time and part-time wage and salary employees and excludes the self-employed; normal-hours pre-tax wages include base pay, piece rates, commissions, production bonuses, cost-of-living allowances, and hazardous work pay, and exclude overtime premium, shift differentials, non-production bonuses, and employer benefit costs. All allowances or dispatch and seasonal status must not be categorically excluded. Annual wages are usually converted as hourly wage times 2080 and do not equal an individual's actual hours, take-home pay, or annual earnings.

Distribution boundary｜Percentiles and the median do not identify seniority, precision casting, melting and pouring, region, or overtime groups, and cannot be used to infer that these conditions cause differences or a newcomer's position; check the actual position, region, normal hours, and overtime structure separately.

Enterprise and position type

Distribution boundary｜Percentiles and the median do not identify seniority, precision casting, melting and pouring, region, or overtime groups, and cannot be used to infer that these conditions cause differences or a newcomer's position; check the actual position, region, normal hours, and overtime structure separately.

Region and cost of living

Distribution boundary｜Percentiles and the median do not identify seniority, precision casting, melting and pouring, region, or overtime groups, and cannot be used to infer that these conditions cause differences or a newcomer's position; check the actual position, region, normal hours, and overtime structure separately.

Shift and skill and seniority

Change -23.0% (2025—2035, BLS51-4071)

Medical equipment and supplies manufacturing

76,900 US dollars/year

May2025 within-occupation SOC51-4071 annual wage median in that industry, not the wage of all workers in the industry, a starting wage, or an employer size ranking, and no cause of difference is inferred.

Federal executive branch (OEWS designation)

71,180 US dollars/year

May2025 within-occupation SOC51-4071 annual wage median in that industry, not the wage of all workers in the industry, a starting wage, or an employer size ranking, and no cause of difference is inferred.

Nonferrous metal production and processing (excluding aluminum)

57,350 US dollars/year

May2025 within-occupation SOC51-4071 annual wage median in that industry, not the wage of all workers in the industry, a starting wage, or an employer size ranking, and no cause of difference is inferred.

Machinery manufacturing (only 3331, 3332, 3334, and 3339)

54,900 US dollars/year

May2025 within-occupation SOC51-4071 annual wage median in that industry, not the wage of all workers in the industry, a starting wage, or an employer size ranking, and no cause of difference is inferred.

Distribution boundary｜Percentiles and the median do not identify seniority, precision casting, melting and pouring, region, or overtime groups, and cannot be used to infer that these conditions cause differences or a newcomer's position; check the actual position, region, normal hours, and overtime structure separately.

OEWS covers full-time and part-time wage and salary employees and excludes the self-employed; normal-hours pre-tax wages include base pay, piece rates, commissions, production bonuses, cost-of-living allowances, and hazardous work pay, and exclude overtime premium, shift differentials, non-production bonuses, and employer benefit costs. All allowances or dispatch and seasonal status must not be categorically excluded. Annual wages are usually converted as hourly wage times 2080 and do not equal an individual's actual hours, take-home pay, or annual earnings.

Distribution boundary｜Percentiles and the median do not identify seniority, precision casting, melting and pouring, region, or overtime groups, and cannot be used to infer that these conditions cause differences or a newcomer's position; check the actual position, region, normal hours, and overtime structure separately.

Use suggestions: look at the median, percentile, and employment figures together, and check them against local enterprise types and shift and overtime structure; do not infer an individual's pay from a single number.

Median hourly wage 23.13 US dollars / median annual wage 48,110 US dollars (2025, BLS OEWS)

Distribution boundary｜Percentiles and the median do not identify seniority, precision casting, melting and pouring, region, or overtime groups, and cannot be used to infer that these conditions cause differences or a newcomer's position; check the actual position, region, normal hours, and overtime structure separately.

Distribution boundary｜Percentiles and the median do not identify seniority, precision casting, melting and pouring, region, or overtime groups, and cannot be used to infer that these conditions cause differences or a newcomer's position; check the actual position, region, normal hours, and overtime structure separately.

Distribution boundary｜Percentiles and the median do not identify seniority, precision casting, melting and pouring, region, or overtime groups, and cannot be used to infer that these conditions cause differences or a newcomer's position; check the actual position, region, normal hours, and overtime structure separately.

Holland (RIASEC)｜Used to understand your relative position on realistic and conventional preferences. The O*NET interest code for this occupation is RC (Realistic—Conventional), corresponding to operating and hands-on making and physical activity, and to working by procedure and standards and records. The questionnaire is only for raising questions, not for judging whether you are suited or able to take the job.

Insufficient evidence: this round obtained no occupation-specific validity study of this assessment for hiring or performance in 51-4071 and assigns no medium or lower evidence level; the RC interest and self-reflection do not constitute a competence prediction.

If you clearly resist long-term work in high temperature and dust and noise environments, or are uncomfortable with molding and closing flasks and pouring safety and process and record responsibility, a high interest questionnaire score cannot change that real cost.

Big Five exploration｜Can reflect on checking and record habits; this round did not verify the validity of conscientiousness or emotional stability for performance in this occupation, so it is not said that one personality is more easily competent.

Insufficient evidence: this round obtained no occupation-specific validity study of this assessment for hiring or performance in 51-4071 and assigns no medium or lower evidence level; the RC interest and self-reflection do not constitute a competence prediction.

Validation suggestions｜First do the T/V2 paper items and review the A/C dimensions, B20.01→20.11, 30 paired sets with a shortfall of 10 and 8 leftover passing cores, and M/Q; this only observes task reading, calculation, and trail keeping and cannot validate molding and pouring safety. Real training and authorization are checked separately.

How to read this interest code: RC means a combination of Realistic (operating and hands-on making and physical activity and repair) and Conventional (working by procedure and standards and records); it is used to understand task preferences, not to predict performance.

MBTI｜Typology is used for self-reflection on communication and work preferences; this occupation requires communicating according to procedures with the same shift, the preceding and following processes, the crew, and melting and maintenance, and preference does not determine competence.

Interest experience: enjoying getting sand molds and cores to pass dimensional and strength requirements in a foundry workshop and pouring sound castings, and gaining satisfaction from hands-on work and meeting quality standards.

Insufficient evidence: this round obtained no occupation-specific validity study of this assessment for hiring or performance in 51-4071 and assigns no medium or lower evidence level; the RC interest and self-reflection do not constitute a competence prediction.

RC

Realistic—Conventional

Treat the type only as a reference for communication style, and do not use it to infer whether you or others can do molding and pouring work well.

Enneagram exploration｜Can reflect on pressure reactions; real on-site anomalies are checked against effective procedures and the responsible party, and a type cannot give shutdown and isolation or emergency handling instructions.

Insufficient evidence: this round obtained no occupation-specific validity study of this assessment for hiring or performance in 51-4071 and assigns no medium or lower evidence level; the RC interest and self-reflection do not constitute a competence prediction.

Do not use type labels to explain molding or pouring or quality errors; go back to whether the process, sand molds and cores, pouring, and protection were in place.

Reasoning exploration｜Paper items can be used to observe versions, dimensions, pairing calculation, and error correction; there is no occupation-specific assessment validity and no inference from scores to learning speed, hands-on ability, or safety ability.

Insufficient evidence: this round obtained no occupation-specific validity study of this assessment for hiring or performance in 51-4071 and assigns no medium or lower evidence level; the RC interest and self-reflection do not constitute a competence prediction.

Validation suggestions｜First do the T/V2 paper items and review the A/C dimensions, B20.01→20.11, 30 paired sets with a shortfall of 10 and 8 leftover passing cores, and M/Q; this only observes task reading, calculation, and trail keeping and cannot validate molding and pouring safety. Real training and authorization are checked separately.

Emotion exploration｜Can reflect on handover and accepting corrections; the causal effect of the assessment on quality, safety, or delivery in this occupation was not verified, so high emotional intelligence is not inferred to be required.

Insufficient evidence: this round obtained no occupation-specific validity study of this assessment for hiring or performance in 51-4071 and assigns no medium or lower evidence level; the RC interest and self-reflection do not constitute a competence prediction.

Learning questions can be raised from collaboration situations and feedback, but unverified deliberate practice cannot be claimed to improve emotional ability or performance.

Boundary｜The assessments and direction comparisons on this page are only for self-questioning and exploration and do not constitute hiring criteria, competency scores, qualification judgments, or an evaluation of casting production effectiveness; entry is governed by enterprise recruitment conditions, education and skills training and experience and assessment, and by the local requirements for enterprise high temperature and dust and molten metal work and occupational health.

Validation suggestions｜First do the T/V2 paper items and review the A/C dimensions, B20.01→20.11, 30 paired sets with a shortfall of 10 and 8 leftover passing cores, and M/Q; this only observes task reading, calculation, and trail keeping and cannot validate molding and pouring safety. Real training and authorization are checked separately.

Foundry mold and coremaker｜The editorial exploration emphasis is molding and coremaking, including machinery and furnaces and pouring; tasks may overlap, and authority is not uniformly defined by name.

Preparation suggestions｜Check the work orders, drawings, equipment, and training of that direction, and do not infer existing operating ability from interest scores.

Selection boundary｜Actual positions, authority, conditions, and training are checked separately, and similar outputs are not treated as role-change distance or as a suggestion to operate on site directly.

Casting equipment operator｜The editorial exploration emphasis is equipment setup and machine molding; tasks may overlap, and authority is not uniformly defined by name.

Preparation suggestions｜Check the work orders, drawings, equipment, and training of that direction, and do not infer existing operating ability from interest scores.

Selection boundary｜Actual positions, authority, conditions, and training are checked separately, and similar outputs are not treated as role-change distance or as a suggestion to operate on site directly.

Metal and plastic patternmaker｜The editorial exploration emphasis is pattern making and fitting; tasks may overlap, and authority is not uniformly defined by name.

Preparation suggestions｜Check the work orders, drawings, equipment, and training of that direction, and do not infer existing operating ability from interest scores.

Selection boundary｜Actual positions, authority, conditions, and training are checked separately, and similar outputs are not treated as role-change distance or as a suggestion to operate on site directly.

Metal and plastic model maker｜The editorial exploration emphasis is model and sample making; tasks may overlap, and authority is not uniformly defined by name.

Preparation suggestions｜Check the work orders, drawings, equipment, and training of that direction, and do not infer existing operating ability from interest scores.

Selection boundary｜Actual positions, authority, conditions, and training are checked separately, and similar outputs are not treated as role-change distance or as a suggestion to operate on site directly.

Tool and die maker｜The editorial exploration emphasis is tool and die machining and manufacturing; tasks may overlap, and authority is not uniformly defined by name.

Preparation suggestions｜Check the work orders, drawings, equipment, and training of that direction, and do not infer existing operating ability from interest scores.

Selection boundary｜Actual positions, authority, conditions, and training are checked separately, and similar outputs are not treated as role-change distance or as a suggestion to operate on site directly.

Machinist｜The editorial exploration emphasis is precision cutting and machining; tasks may overlap, and authority is not uniformly defined by name.

Preparation suggestions｜Check the work orders, drawings, equipment, and training of that direction, and do not infer existing operating ability from interest scores.

Selection boundary｜Actual positions, authority, conditions, and training are checked separately, and similar outputs are not treated as role-change distance or as a suggestion to operate on site directly.

Fit exploration｜RC is a task interest description, and questions can be asked through molding and coremaking, records and inspection, and collaboration situations; no study of personality scores predicting competence was obtained, so personalities are not ranked.

Introvert check｜74% continuous contact with others, 65% face-to-face every day, and 52% teamwork being extremely important are specific option proportions; they do not imply moderate interpersonal intensity or hiring probability for introverts, and should be reflected on alongside the communication tasks.

What should I prepare before entering the field? First understand the real pace (a typical work week of more than 40 hours 81%, daily time pressure 48%, indoors in an uncontrolled environment 97%, very hot or very cold 80%, noise 74%, standing 79%), and prepare common knowledge of safety and processes and sand molds and cores; you can start from molding assistance or an apprenticeship.

Pressure options｜81% over 40 hours, 48% daily time pressure, 56% hazardous conditions every day, and 55% the daily item for exposure to minor burns, cuts, bites, and stings, which is not the actual daily injury rate or accident rate. Equipment pace being extremely important 39% and consequences of error being fairly serious 27% are specific options that do not represent everyone.

Physical condition check｜79% continuous standing and 64% continuous hand use are specific questionnaire options; they cannot stand in for an individual health or hiring judgment. Actual equipment, lifting, training, and occupational health conditions are checked separately, and no individual protection configuration is specified.

Insufficient evidence: specific Chinese recruitment and licensing jurisdictions and training lists were not verified this round. The United States BLS dedicated row typically enters with a high school diploma or equivalent, no related work experience, and medium-term on-the-job training; the O*NET64% high school and 36% less than high school are respondents' answers about the education required for new hires, not the actual practitioner distribution. Zone1—2/SVP<6 and several days to one year are a level overview, not an individual uniform duration, and no mainstream Chinese path is invented.

Insufficient evidence: this round has no occupation-specific disease, individual health, or exposure causal study for this occupation; the context includes contaminants and noise and temperature, but pneumoconiosis, hearing, or musculoskeletal disease cannot be judged from the options, and these should be checked with the party responsible for real safety and occupational health.

Career cycle and transition directions? You can grow from molding assistance and coremaking to multiple processes and crew leader, or move toward casting, coremaking, and pouring machine operation, pattern and model and die making, melting and pouring, quality inspection, and production management and similar directions; crossing directions requires relearning procedures and processes and qualification requirements.

Insufficient evidence: specific Chinese recruitment and licensing jurisdictions and training lists were not verified this round. The United States BLS dedicated row typically enters with a high school diploma or equivalent, no related work experience, and medium-term on-the-job training; the O*NET64% high school and 36% less than high school are respondents' answers about the education required for new hires, not the actual practitioner distribution. Zone1—2/SVP<6 and several days to one year are a level overview, not an individual uniform duration, and no mainstream Chinese path is invented.

Validation suggestions｜First do the T/V2 paper items and review the A/C dimensions, B20.01→20.11, 30 paired sets with a shortfall of 10 and 8 leftover passing cores, and M/Q; this only observes task reading, calculation, and trail keeping and cannot validate molding and pouring safety. Real training and authorization are checked separately.

Fit signals: willing to get sand molds and cores to pass dimensional and strength requirements in a foundry workshop and pour sound castings, and able to bear the process and safety responsibility of closing flasks and pouring.

Caution signals: finds long-term high temperature and dust and noise and hoisting work and a work week over 40 hours hard to bear, or is clearly uncomfortable with molding and pouring safety and process and records.

Validation suggestions｜First do the T/V2 paper items and review the A/C dimensions, B20.01→20.11, 30 paired sets with a shortfall of 10 and 8 leftover passing cores, and M/Q; this only observes task reading, calculation, and trail keeping and cannot validate molding and pouring safety. Real training and authorization are checked separately.

Used to check this occupation's task scope and work context (United States occupational classification definition).

Used to check the details of this occupation's tasks and work activities.

Used to check the interest code and sub-interest areas given by O*NET.

localtraining is a course catalog and JobZone1—2 is an overall preparation level, so no uniform training duration or licensing for this occupation is inferred.

Used to understand certificate information related to this occupation (a certificate is not enterprise appointment or a special operations qualification).

Used to check the point-in-time estimate definition of United States wages.

Used to check this occupation's employment, growth, education, and training definitions.

Used to add a general introduction to this occupation's national wage display (United States definition; not applicable to other jurisdictions).

Risk boundary｜The following is an editorial exploration with fictional scenarios written from the official task context, and no accident rate or commonness was verified; it is not a safety, emergency, medical, or quality release procedure. Real equipment and personnel anomalies are referred to the responsible party according to effective procedures.

Risk exploration｜Five categories can be checked further: furnaces and pouring, machinery and hoisting, core quality, and records and handover; the consequences are editorial scenario analysis and no actual frequency is set.

Evidence scope｜Official options: 100% protective gear every day, 97% indoors in an uncontrolled environment and contaminants, 80% very hot or cold every day, 81% over 40 hours, 79% continuous standing, 74% daily noise and continuous contact, 71% hazardous equipment; the 55% is the daily item for exposure to minor burns, cuts, bites, and stings, not the daily injury rate. The context does not prove an accident rate or disease causation.

Operators and crews; oneself and fellow shift personnel

Pouring splatter or molten metal leakage or ladle overturning or wet molds meeting molten metal; scalds and burns and fire and explosion and personal injury

Check suggestions｜Check effective operation, anomaly reporting, isolation, and resumption procedures with the parties responsible for equipment, safety, and quality; this article does not specify baking and drying, power-down, rigging, first aid, or personal protective actions. On paper, M stays pending verification and Q stays suspended and is handed over.

Editorially fictional scenario｜A sand mold was not fully dried before pouring, molten metal splattered on meeting the wet mold, and one worker's forearm was scalded.

Operators and equipment repair; personnel and equipment

Hands or body entering the danger zone while molding and shakeout and sand mixing and transport equipment is running, or protection and interlocks being bypassed; crushing and squeezing and entanglement and equipment damage

Check suggestions｜Check effective operation, anomaly reporting, isolation, and resumption procedures with the parties responsible for equipment, safety, and quality; this article does not specify baking and drying, power-down, rigging, first aid, or personal protective actions. On paper, M stays pending verification and Q stays suspended and is handed over.

Editorially fictional scenario｜To meet the takt, a part was taken out by hand while the cleaning equipment was running, the guard was bypassed, and the hand was caught and crushed.

Operators and the quality lead; customers and the production plan

Sand mixing or resin or coating or pouring temperature and speed deviating from the process, or improper core placement and mold closing; mold collapse and core breakage and misruns and blowholes and sand inclusions and batch scrap

Check suggestions｜Check effective operation, anomaly reporting, isolation, and resumption procedures with the parties responsible for equipment, safety, and quality; this article does not specify baking and drying, power-down, rigging, first aid, or personal protective actions. On paper, M stays pending verification and Q stays suspended and is handed over.

Editorially fictional scenario｜The sand and resin ratio deviated from the process without review, the whole batch of cores was too weak, and there was mass scrap after pouring.

Operators and crews and repair; individuals and others and equipment

Improper selection or slinging of cranes and rigging, overloading, side pulling, people beneath a suspended load, or flask overturning; toppling loads and crushing injuries and equipment damage

Check suggestions｜Check effective operation, anomaly reporting, isolation, and resumption procedures with the parties responsible for equipment, safety, and quality; this article does not specify baking and drying, power-down, rigging, first aid, or personal protective actions. On paper, M stays pending verification and Q stays suspended and is handed over.

Editorially fictional scenario｜When a crane lifted a flask, the rigging was improperly selected and people were beneath the load, and the rigging slipped and created a near miss.

Operators and crews; oneself and others

Exposure and health check｜The contaminant, noise, and temperature options suggest that actual exposure and occupational health conditions need checking, but this round did not verify the causation of pneumoconiosis, hearing loss, heatstroke, or musculoskeletal disease and does not judge individual consequences.

Check suggestions｜Check effective operation, anomaly reporting, isolation, and resumption procedures with the parties responsible for equipment, safety, and quality; this article does not specify baking and drying, power-down, rigging, first aid, or personal protective actions. On paper, M stays pending verification and Q stays suspended and is handed over.

Editorially fictional scenario｜After long-term work in a dusty environment with inadequate ventilation and dust removal and nonstandard protective gear use, respiratory discomfort appeared.

Operators and crews; production continuity and quality

Records and hours check｜Missed defect records and unreported anomalies can be used as fictional practice; this round did not verify the specific causation of overtime leading to inattention or defects, and the stories must not be treated as accident material.

Check suggestions｜Check effective operation, anomaly reporting, isolation, and resumption procedures with the parties responsible for equipment, safety, and quality; this article does not specify baking and drying, power-down, rigging, first aid, or personal protective actions. On paper, M stays pending verification and Q stays suspended and is handed over.

Editorially fictional scenario｜After several consecutive days of night shift and overtime, attention declined, a defect was not identified, and the record was left incomplete, so the problem passed to the next process.

Used to check this occupation's task scope and work context (United States occupational classification definition; does not cover mainland China's occupational divisions).

Used to check the details of this occupation's tasks and work activities and to help identify failure types in molding and coremaking and closing flasks and pouring and cleaning steps.

Used to check the point-in-time estimate definition of United States wages; wage figures are not used for risk assessment.

Used to check this occupation's employment, growth, and openings definitions; projections are not actual hiring.

Used to understand the principles of responsibility assignment and fallback plans when adopting digital tools; not a casting safety and quality or occupational health standard.

Qualification boundary (One)｜Recruitment conditions, statutory qualifications, and enterprise authorization are three different states: meeting recruitment conditions does not equal obtaining molding and pouring or rigging and special equipment operation qualifications, and obtaining training and certificates does not equal obtaining process change and quality decision and line stoppage handling authority.

Insufficient evidence: specific Chinese recruitment and licensing jurisdictions and training lists were not verified this round. The United States BLS dedicated row typically enters with a high school diploma or equivalent, no related work experience, and medium-term on-the-job training; the O*NET64% high school and 36% less than high school are respondents' answers about the education required for new hires, not the actual practitioner distribution. Zone1—2/SVP<6 and several days to one year are a level overview, not an individual uniform duration, and no mainstream Chinese path is invented.

Qualification boundary (Three)｜The preparation items listed on this page are search and check directions and do not constitute any institution's official qualification list; if they differ from an enterprise posting or competent authority requirement, the latter governs.

Qualification boundary (Four)｜This page provides no individual medical conclusion, hiring likelihood, or pay promise.

Insufficient evidence: this round obtained no specific recruitment posting sample, so channels, frequency, or pay are not counted; the following are later sampling suggestions only.

Check suggestions｜When looking at recruitment information, record the publication date, location, enterprise type (automotive and machinery and hardware and pipe fitting casting, precision casting and nonferrous alloy plants, pattern and die and repair services), employment form (regular employee, labor service and dispatch, piece rate and overtime and night shift), shift and overtime and high temperature and dust and skill allowances, education and certificate and safety training requirements, and whether it involves melting and pouring and quality decisions; this information often reflects the real conditions better than the page does.

Boundary｜The preparation path and capability ladder on this page are meant to help you plan learning and accumulate evidence and do not constitute hiring, promotion, or qualification decisions. Actual entry is governed by enterprise recruitment conditions, education and skills training and experience and assessment, and by the local requirements for enterprise high temperature and dust and molten metal work and special equipment and occupational health.

Under the guidance of the mentor and crew, learn safety and sand selection and molding and coremaking and mold closing and pouring assistance and gauge and rigging use; does not independently bear molding, mold closing, pouring, or quality decision responsibility.

Following along (apprenticeship and molding assistance period)

Can independently complete sand selection and mixing and molding and coremaking and mold closing and gating and inspection and routine maintenance, and stop and report according to procedures when anomalies or hazards occur.

Independent operation (molding and coremaking position)

Can independently take on multiple processes and machine adjustment and pouring and defect handling and mentor newcomers, and is responsible for sand molds and cores and quality and on-site safety.

Skilled and crew lead (multi-process and machine adjustment position)

Takes part in process and equipment and quality and safety and training management, and handles complex and disputed matters; requires the corresponding position authorization.

Standards and coordination (crew leader and process and quality lead)

Insufficient evidence: specific Chinese recruitment and licensing jurisdictions and training lists were not verified this round. The United States BLS dedicated row typically enters with a high school diploma or equivalent, no related work experience, and medium-term on-the-job training; the O*NET64% high school and 36% less than high school are respondents' answers about the education required for new hires, not the actual practitioner distribution. Zone1—2/SVP<6 and several days to one year are a level overview, not an individual uniform duration, and no mainstream Chinese path is invented.

Qualification boundary｜"Trained," "holds a certificate," "holds crane and rigging and special equipment qualifications," and "obtains enterprise and crew authorization" are four different states; the preparation items listed on this page do not equal any statutory qualification and do not automatically confer process change and quality decision and line stoppage handling authority.

Insufficient evidence: specific Chinese recruitment and licensing jurisdictions and training lists were not verified this round. The United States BLS dedicated row typically enters with a high school diploma or equivalent, no related work experience, and medium-term on-the-job training; the O*NET64% high school and 36% less than high school are respondents' answers about the education required for new hires, not the actual practitioner distribution. Zone1—2/SVP<6 and several days to one year are a level overview, not an individual uniform duration, and no mainstream Chinese path is invented.

Path suggestions｜The ladder below is an editorial learning and task exploration framework, not a verified promotion route or general position authority; real recruitment, training assessment, and authorization are checked separately.

Used to check this occupation's task scope and work context and to help plan learning priorities (United States occupational classification definition).

Used to check the point-in-time estimate definition of United States wages; not used for personal income prediction.

Used to check this occupation's employment, growth, and openings definitions; projections are not actual hiring.

localtraining is a course catalog and JobZone1—2 is an overall preparation level, so no uniform training duration or licensing for this occupation is inferred.

Safety and process training records; protective equipment use standards.

Follow the mentor to become familiar with process reading and sand selection and molding and mold closing and pouring and safety procedures, and record daily learning points.

Shadowing records and mentor evaluation; can restate the process reading and molding and mold closing and safety points.

Under the mentor's and crew's guidance, take on sand delivery and filling and carrying and cleaning and grinding and gauge assistance; does not independently bear molding, mold closing, pouring, or quality decision responsibility.

Molding and coremaking assistance

On-the-job training records; molding and mold closing and pouring assessment.

Accumulate proficiency across different sand molds and cores and processes and practice reviewing sand molds and cores and closed flasks and gates.

Sand mold and core and closed flask and gate records and review comments.

Independently complete sand selection and mixing and molding and coremaking and mold closing and gating and inspection and routine maintenance, and report anomalies and hazards according to procedures.

Molding and coremaking worker

Multi-process and pouring training; enterprise skill level.

Learn process and equipment and sand processing and melting and pouring and quality and safety organization and practice cross-process communication and exception handling.

Molding and pouring and quality and handover records; mentoring evaluation.

Can independently take on multiple processes and machine adjustment and pouring and defect handling and mentor newcomers, and is responsible for sand molds and cores and quality and on-site safety.

Multi-process and machine adjustment worker

Corresponding management seniority or enterprise appointment.

Improve process and equipment and quality and safety and training and assessment mechanisms.

Standards, training, process, quality, and safety records.

Takes part in process and equipment and quality and safety and training management, handles complex and disputed matters, and mentors newcomers.

Crew leader and process and quality lead

Process archive training; process change and quality authority is checked against the real appointment.

Be familiar with sand molds and cores and gates and versions and processes and archive requirements.

Process and drawing and pouring plan records and how they were reviewed.

Responsible for receiving, registering, verifying, issuing, recovering, and filing process cards and drawings and pouring plans.

Process and drawing and process card administrator

Sand processing training; enterprise authorization.

Learn sand mixing and properties and reclamation and regeneration and dust removal and quality control and the link with molding.

Sand mixing and properties and reclamation and regeneration records.

Takes on the preparation, inspection, reclamation, regeneration, and recording of molding sand and core sand and resin and coating and hardener.

Sand processing and sand mixing support staff

Inspection and gauge training; enterprise authorization.

Master defect identification and gauges and sampling and the scrap and rework process.

Inspection and defect and remediation tracking records.

Responsible for executing and recording and tracking appearance and dimensional and defect inspection of sand molds and cores and castings.

Quality and inspection support staff

Corresponding management seniority or enterprise appointment.

Improve process and quality and safety and data and training and emergency mechanisms.

Process and quality and safety conclusions; system and training documents.

Responsible for process and sand processing and molding and pouring and quality and safety, sets standards and training, and coordinates internal and external matters.

Process and quality and safety lead

Production material training; process change authority is checked against the real appointment.

Learn key points of capacity and takt and changeovers and materials and delivery coordination.

Scheduling and changeover and material and delivery records.

Responsible for scheduling and coordinating orders and lines and sand and resin and coating and furnace batches and shifts and records execution.

Production planning and material coordination staff

Melting and pouring training; enterprise authorization.

Be familiar with melting and composition and pouring and temperature and ladles and safety processes.

Melting and pouring and temperature and exception records.

Assists with melting and composition adjustment and pouring and temperature control and ladle maintenance and records exceptions.

Melting and pouring coordination staff

Safety management training; enterprise authorization.

Master risk identification, hazard inspection, emergency, and incident handling mechanisms.

Safety inspection and hazard remediation and training records.

Responsible for equipment and rigging and ventilation and dust removal and protection and interlocks and high temperature and emergency response and training and inspection.

Equipment and site safety management staff

Corresponding management appointment or enterprise authorization.

Improve production and process and safety and emergency and assessment mechanisms.

Production and process and safety conclusions; system and training documents.

Responsible for production and process and equipment and safety and environment and personnel, coordinates multiple parties, and handles disputes according to procedures.

Workshop and process and safety lead

Insufficient evidence: this round obtained no Chinese wage, employment, or recruitment sample for this occupation, and it is not asserted from this that none exists nationwide. The NBS2025 manufacturing figures of 113,594 non-private and 76,055 private yuan/year are an industry proxy, not an occupational wage; the urban legal entities with 5 or more persons scope excludes self-employed individuals and freelancers, the total wage includes stipulated bonuses and allowances, and piece-rate, overtime, or scattered employment status is not broadly excluded. BLS51-4071 current dedicated projections: about 12,700 people in 2025 and about 9,800 in 2035, a change of -23.0% and a ten-year net decrease of about 2,900; average annual openings of about 800 over 2025—2035, including growth and replacement, not 800 new positions or actual hiring. The original table's employment and openings unit is thousands; EP includes the self-employed, and the dedicated self-employed column "—" is not 0. The O*NET summary still lists the old 2024—2034 with 900 openings, while this article uses the updated BLS table.

United States

2025—2035

A net decrease of about 2,900 and average annual openings of about 800 are different quantities; growth and replacement openings are not new positions. This round has no causal evidence that automation or outsourcing drove the dedicated change.

EP includes the self-employed, and the dedicated "—" is not 0; the national projection does not apply to China or other jurisdictions and is not actual hiring.

Employment scale and growth rate and job openings

SOC 51-4071（Foundry Mold and Coremakers）

BLS51-4071 current dedicated projections: about 12,700 people in 2025 and about 9,800 in 2035, a change of -23.0% and a ten-year net decrease of about 2,900; average annual openings of about 800 over 2025—2035, including growth and replacement, not 800 new positions or actual hiring. The original table's employment and openings unit is thousands; EP includes the self-employed, and the dedicated self-employed column "—" is not 0. The O*NET summary still lists the old 2024—2034 with 900 openings, while this article uses the updated BLS table.

United States

2025

The top and bottom deciles span about 1.7 times and do not identify enterprise, region, shift, seniority, or the specific cause of difference.

OEWS covers full-time and part-time wage and salary employees and excludes the self-employed; normal-hours pre-tax wages include base pay, piece rates, commissions, production bonuses, cost-of-living allowances, and hazardous work pay, and exclude overtime premium, shift differentials, non-production bonuses, and employer benefit costs. All allowances or dispatch and seasonal status must not be categorically excluded. Annual wages are usually converted as hourly wage times 2080 and do not equal an individual's actual hours, take-home pay, or annual earnings.

Wages (median and percentiles)

SOC 51-4071（OEWS 2025）

Median hourly wage 23.13 US dollars, median annual wage 48,110 US dollars; percentiles 37,160 / 41,870 / 57,350 / 62,640 US dollars

Mainland China

2025

NBS2025 manufacturing non-private 113594/private 76055 yuan per year is only an industry proxy; there is no sample of this occupation's employment form and shift overtime shares, so the size of structural differences is not asserted.

Industry definition, published annually, differs from the United States occupational wage definition, and no splicing or conversion is done.

Industry average wage (background proxy)

National Bureau of Statistics average wages of urban unit employees (industry category)

Insufficient evidence: this round obtained no Chinese wage, employment, or recruitment sample for this occupation, and it is not asserted from this that none exists nationwide. The NBS2025 manufacturing figures of 113,594 non-private and 76,055 private yuan/year are an industry proxy, not an occupational wage; the urban legal entities with 5 or more persons scope excludes self-employed individuals and freelancers, the total wage includes stipulated bonuses and allowances, and piece-rate, overtime, or scattered employment status is not broadly excluded.

Used to check the point-in-time estimate definition of United States wages and employment; does not constitute a pay promise for any plant or region.

BLS2025—2035 dedicated employment and average annual openings, not actual hiring.

Used to check the definition and year of the National Bureau of Statistics industry-category average wage; it is an industry proxy, not an occupational wage.

Used to check this occupation's task scope and work context (United States occupational classification definition).

Need to add machine molding and coremaking and pouring equipment operation capability

Equipment setup and machine adjustment, machine molding and core shooting and pouring, parameter and takt control, and equipment and die maintenance

Editorial comparison｜Outputs and skills may overlap, and actual training and position requirements are checked separately; this round has no role-change difficulty material, so no near or moderate rating is given.

Need to add pattern and core box and die design and manufacturing capability

Drawing reading and layout and machining and assembly and die trials and fitting, and precision and surface and fit control

Editorial comparison｜Outputs and skills may overlap, and actual training and position requirements are checked separately; this round has no role-change difficulty material, so no near or moderate rating is given.

Need to add model and sample making and fitting capability

Drawing reading and layout and material selection and machining and assembly and fitting, and surface and precision control

Editorial comparison｜Outputs and skills may overlap, and actual training and position requirements are checked separately; this round has no role-change difficulty material, so no near or moderate rating is given.

Need to add die and tool and fixture manufacturing and fitting capability

Drawing reading and processes and machining and heat treating and assembly and die trials and fitting, and precision and life control

Editorial comparison｜Outputs and skills may overlap, and actual training and position requirements are checked separately; this round has no role-change difficulty material, so no near or moderate rating is given.

Need to add precision cutting and precision part manufacturing capability

Drawing reading and processes, turning and milling and drilling and grinding and setup and alignment, dimensional and geometric inspection, and machine and tool and fixture maintenance

Editorial comparison｜Outputs and skills may overlap, and actual training and position requirements are checked separately; this round has no role-change difficulty material, so no near or moderate rating is given.

Need to add heat treatment process and furnace batch management capability

Furnace charging and heating and holding, quenching and tempering and cooling, hardness and metallographic and appearance checking, and furnace body and tooling maintenance

Editorial comparison｜Outputs and skills may overlap, and actual training and position requirements are checked separately; this round has no role-change difficulty material, so no near or moderate rating is given.

Need to add welding and cutting and brazing capability

Welding and cutting and brazing processes, joint and distortion control, appearance and nondestructive inspection, and protection and fire prevention

Editorial comparison｜Outputs and skills may overlap, and actual training and position requirements are checked separately; this round has no role-change difficulty material, so no near or moderate rating is given.

Need to add inspection and testing and metrology capability

Gauges and metrology and sampling, dimensional and appearance and physical and chemical inspection, and records and decisions and nonconforming handling

Editorial comparison｜Outputs and skills may overlap, and actual training and position requirements are checked separately; this round has no role-change difficulty material, so no near or moderate rating is given.

Checked on 2026-10-11: all 13 O*NET51-4071 tasks including furnaces and pouring, the context, and interests and education and software; normal May2025 national and four specific industry wages and the dedicated 2025—2035 projections; the NBS2025 English manufacturing tables and ILO2025 potential exposure reuse the full text already read in this window.

Source card｜Source register: the source register on this page lists the O*NET occupational profile and detailed profile and interests and training and certificates and national wages and industry and trends and state and local wages and hot technologies, BLS OEWS and the occupational wage page and employment projections and the data overview and national data tables and news releases, the National Bureau of Statistics 2025 urban unit average wages and release index and definition notes, the ILO and NIST governance references, and the FermatMind definition rules; each fact's source_refs point to an id within that register.

Currently consulted 2026-10-11, O*NET2026, May2025 wages, the dedicated 2025—2035 projections, and NBS2025; the shared history access record is unchanged.

National medians and four specific industry medians have been verified; Chinese occupational city wages, recruitment and specific equipment licensing, causal AI adoption efficiency, and questionnaire validity were not obtained. Protected and shared conflicts are listed in the author report.