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SOC 31-9097
Phlebotomists (O*NET 31-9097.00) collect blood samples for testing, transfusion, donation, or research, check patient identities and sample labels, hand samples over, explain procedures to patients, and observe adverse reactions. Working with patient identities, test or collection requests, sample labels, times, and handover records, they produce identity-to-sample matching records, incident reports, and traceable handovers. Invasive blood collection, infection prevention, and adverse reaction management must be performed by trained and authorized personnel under institutional procedures. Work settings, qualifications, and final responsibility must be checked against local and institutional rules.
Model impact index for three equally weighted representative core tasks; not a measured share of working time or a job-loss probability. floor((25+0+0)/3+0.5)=8; fermatmind-ai-impact-v1; 2026-10-18.
Next, check the education, training, and job authority required in the target location; a fictional exercise cannot replace real work authorization.
The US 2025 median annual wage for this occupation is USD 45,230; growth for 2025—2035 is 6.8%, with approximately 9,800 net additional jobs over ten years and an annual average of 18,000 openings including replacements. China's CNY 146,266 figure is the nonprivate health and social work industry's pretax annual average, not an individual phlebotomy position's pay offer.
Suitable for people willing to check identities patiently, explain clearly, maintain infection prevention, and document anomalies; interest scores do not equal job competence or qualifications.
Phlebotomists (O*NET31-9097.00) collect blood for testing, transfusion, donation, or research, check correspondence among identities, requests, and sample tubes, explain procedures, and observe adverse reactions; specific invasive procedures and management follow local qualifications and institutional procedures.
Phlebotomists collect blood samples for testing, transfusion, donation, or research, check patient identities and sample labels, hand samples over, explain procedures to patients, and observe adverse reactions. They check patient identities, test or collection requests, sample labels, times, and handover records and deliver identity-to-sample matching records, incident reports, and traceable handovers. Invasive blood collection, infection prevention, and adverse reaction management must be performed by trained and authorized personnel under institutional procedures.
Career direction comparison
Compare task subjects, work outputs, qualifications, and responsibilities; invasive blood collection, infection prevention, and adverse reaction management must be performed by trained and authorized personnel under institutional procedures.
| Career direction | Core work and output | Key differences | Best-fit choice |
|---|---|---|---|
| Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians | Perform medical laboratory analysis and produce analysis records. | The focus differs from blood collection; supervision by a laboratory technologist may apply. | Those interested in laboratory analysis need the corresponding additional education. |
| Medical Assistants | Combine administrative and clinical support under physician direction. | Blood collection is only one possible clinical task. |
AI impact on this career
Insufficient evidence: GenAI deployment, job replacement, or individual unemployment rates for this occupation have not been verified. Drafting records and organizing materials may be evaluated; this cannot establish that AI already performs real blood collection. AI Impact Score 8% is an editorial estimate. Model impact index for three equally weighted representative core tasks; not a measured share of working time or a job-loss probability. floor((25+0+0)/3+0.5)=8; fermatmind-ai-impact-v1; 2026-10-18.The three tasks, ratings and sources are listed in the FermatMind method source record on this page.
FermatMind AI Impact Score estimation method v1
FermatMind / 费马测试 · 2026-10-18
Editorial ratings use the existing occupational responsibilities and AI task analysis on this page. They are not adoption rates, measured effects, job-disappearance or personal-unemployment probabilities, or official scores from Stanford or another external institution. No measured time weights or future robot deployment are assumed.
Chinese mainland salary reference
US 31-9097 is only an occupational classification; check Chinese nursing / blood station duties and qualifications against the actual position.
Hospitals 841, clinical laboratories 8492, and blood collection and supply 8435 fall under Q Health and Social Work according to main activity; check occupational procedure qualifications separately.
Insufficient evidence: not verified; do not substitute industry averages for percentiles.
Insufficient evidence: comparable monthly pay distributions have not been verified.
Insufficient evidence: amounts, shifts, and pay units have not been verified; historical rules are not a current contract.
US pay references
US phlebotomists' 2025 median annual wage is USD 45,230, with employment of 143,900; growth for 2025—2035 is 6.8%, with approximately 9,800 net additional jobs and an annual average of 18,000 openings including replacements.
| Position in wage statistics | Annual wage reference | Conversion boundaries | How to interpret this position |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10th percentile | USD 35,780 / year (10th percentile) | Official annual wages, not individual monthly income | The 10th percentile is USD 35,780; do not call it junior-level pay. |
| Median (50%) | USD 45,230 / year | Official annual wages, not individual take-home pay | The median of USD 45,230 is the midpoint of the wage distribution. |
Career fit guide
Signs of fit include willingness to check identities patiently, explain clearly, maintain infection prevention, and record anomalies; ability to produce identity-to-sample matching records, incident reports, and traceable handovers; and observing the requirement that invasive blood collection, infection prevention, and adverse reaction management be performed by trained and authorized personnel under institutional procedures.
You may be a better fit： Willing to check patient identities, test or collection requests, sample labels, times, and handover records against original materials.
These situations call for caution： Will pause and communicate when identity mismatches, sample label errors, infection prevention gaps, adverse reactions, or handover errors occur.
Try an entry exercise： Use fictional A1—A5 materials to practice identity-to-sample matching records, incident reports, and traceable handovers.
Work pressures, risks, and professional boundaries
Six key risks concern identity mismatches, sample label errors, infection prevention gaps, adverse reactions or handover errors, and discrepancies in inputs, versions, quality, and handover; each requires observable controls.
ON and OOH support occupational tasks and contexts; the six risks are an editorial synthesis, not a frequency ranking. A1—A5 are paper scenarios only.
Typical scenario：The request form's patient code does not match the wristband.
Roles most affected：Patients and laboratory departments
Possible consequence：May collect from the wrong person or misassign results.
How to reduce risk：Pause and check using two identifiers.
Entry, qualifications, and career development
Start with collecting blood samples for testing, transfusion, donation, or research, checking patient identities and sample labels, handing samples over, explaining procedures to patients, observing adverse reactions, and supervised practice. Practice reviewing patient identities, test or collection requests, sample labels, times, and handover records, and producing identity-to-sample matching records, incident reports, and traceable handovers; check job qualifications and authority separately.
Career outlook and moves into related occupations
BLS 31-9097 separate Phlebotomists row: 2025 employment of 143.9 thousand, projected 2035 employment of 153.7 thousand, growth of 6.8%, net growth of 9.8 thousand, and average annual openings of 18.0 thousand.
United States · Separate US occupation 31-9097
143.9 thousand people (2025) → 153.7 thousand people (2035)
Employment size for this occupation
2025 employment of 143.9 thousand and 2035 employment of 153.7 thousand; net growth of 9.8 thousand.
Does not establish：Endpoints and net change may differ slightly due to rounding; BLS projects growth of 6.8%.
Collect blood for testing, transfusion, donation, or research, check identities and labels, explain procedures, and assist with care after adverse reactions.
Phlebotomists focus on collection and sample handover; laboratory technicians analyze samples, with different qualifications and tasks.
Use fictional A1—A5 materials to check gaps in identities, labels, requested tests, and recipients, and observe whether you are willing to pause and clarify.
Choose a real task from this page for a small practice project or a conversation with someone in the field. Use the planning guides to set a date, an output and feedback questions before deciding whether to continue.
Phlebotomists collect blood samples for testing, transfusion, donation, or research, check patient identities and sample labels, hand samples over, explain procedures to patients, and observe adverse reactions. Observable deliverables include identity-to-sample matching records, incident reports, and traceable handovers. Invasive blood collection, infection prevention, and adverse reaction management must be performed by trained and authorized personnel under institutional procedures.
Complete a paper exercise using entirely fictional materials A1—A5: fictional request forms, patient codes, sample labels, and handover times. List only evidence, differences, review steps, and handover items; do not use real sensitive information.
O*NET lists collecting blood samples for testing, transfusion, donation, or research, checking patient identities and sample labels, handing samples over, explaining procedures to patients, and observing adverse reactions; the specific work mix varies by institution and position. An occupational classification cannot directly replace local entry requirements.
When identity mismatches, sample label errors, infection prevention gaps, adverse reactions, or handover errors are found, pause the affected steps, preserve original evidence and versions, and refer the matter to authorized personnel.
Phlebotomy centers on safe, traceable samples; laboratory technicians focus on analysis, medical assistants combine administrative and clinical support, and nurses undertake broader nursing care.
| Dimension | Primary track | Comparison track |
|---|---|---|
| Core purpose | Obtain blood samples with matched identities and complete labels. | Laboratory analysis or broader nursing services. |
| Main subjects and supporting basis | Patients / donors, request forms, specimen tubes, and collection times. | Tests and analysis records; nursing needs and plans. |
| Core process | Check identities and requests, collect within authorization, label and document, and hand over. | Laboratory analysis or nursing assessment and implementation, according to respective qualifications. |
| Main outputs | Traceable samples and collection / incident handover records. | Laboratory analysis records or nursing records. |
| Responsible party | Collection personnel fulfill collection and documentation duties; institutions manage according to rules. | Laboratory or nursing personnel are responsible for their respective processes and authority. |
| Authority and approval | First check collection qualifications, supervised training, and the actual position's scope. | Check laboratory / nursing qualifications and procedure authority separately. |
| Conclusion boundaries | A US code does not directly authorize blood collection in China. | Adjacent experience does not confer qualifications or automatic promotion. |
Mark missing items first.
Follow the position's scope and rules.
Retain discrepancies.
State matters awaiting responses.
Refer to authorized personnel.
Support review.
Before starting, verify each requirement for the actual clinical collection or blood donation service and location; do not treat a paper exercise as successful training completion.
Typical US education
Chinese nursing qualifications
Blood station positions
Task scope
Data and privacy
| Willing to combine patient procedures and administration; check local scope separately. |
| Registered Nurses | Assess nursing needs, implement care plans, and document. | Responsibilities are broader and require licensure or registration. | Complete full nursing training and registration; blood collection experience does not replace credentials. |
|---|
| Blood donation collection services | Blood collection and supply institutions check donor identities, provide information, and collect blood. | Chinese blood station qualification / training assessment requirements apply independently. | Those willing to serve donors should first check blood station position requirements. |
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| Hospital clinical collection | Obtain traceable test samples against requests. | Adult venous clinical specimens and blood donation collection have different scopes. | Check clinical position qualifications and rules; do not carry over all blood station requirements. |
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| Mobile collection | Collection, transport, and handover records across locations. | Institutions must define locations, transport, and arrangements; these are not uniform promotion levels. | Willing to adapt to changing locations; first check driving / transport and position requirements. |
|---|
Phlebotomists focus on blood sample collection and patient procedures; medical and clinical laboratory technicians analyze samples, while nurses undertake broader nursing responsibilities
Phlebotomists' core work is collecting blood samples for testing, transfusion, donation, or research, checking patient identities and sample labels, handing samples over, explaining procedures to patients, and observing adverse reactions; qualifications and final responsibilities in adjacent positions require separate checking.
Record summaries and initial drafts within approved scope may be evaluated; actual outcomes require validation.
Insufficient evidence: institutional adoption rates, costs, and errors for this occupation have not been verified.
Insufficient evidence: AI's causal effect on net employment in this occupation has not been verified; overall projections cannot fill the gap.
| Work area | Task | Current change | Human control point |
|---|---|---|---|
| Safety and traceability | Identity and request checking | Data prompts may be evaluated; on-site identity verification still requires people. | Personnel check two patient identifiers; summaries do not determine identity. |
| Collection quality | Request-to-label matching | Classification / discrepancy alerts do not equal validated automated clinical judgment. | Personnel confirm correspondence between requested tests and containers; pause for missing items. |
| Collection execution | Performing collection | This page discusses information assistance only and has no measured outcomes for automated blood collection equipment. | Trained personnel collect under rules; systems do not replace qualifications for invasive procedures. |
| Occupational safety | Protection and sharps disposal | Checklist prompts do not mean hand hygiene or sharps disposal has been completed. | Personnel follow procedures; check disclosure and contamination risks separately. |
| Patient / donor care | Communication about adverse reactions | Text assistance does not make real-time clinical management decisions. | Personnel observe, call promptly for help, and respond within institutional authority. |
| Sample tracking | Records and handover | Drafts must be checked for version and recipient. | Verify original collection times and records; fabrication is prohibited. |
| Data governance | Data protection and quality review | Before using a proposed tool, evaluate mismatches, permissions, and record completeness. | Review final deliverables under legal and institutional data permissions. |
Separate research methods from evidence of real institutional deployment; this page shows a separate editorial task-sample estimate for phlebotomists.
The following editorial suggestions concern information steps that may be evaluated; barcode checks, fixed rules, and blood collection equipment cannot all be called GenAI.
AI primarily changesMay organize input materials
Human responsibility remainsPersonnel check patient identities, test or collection requests, sample labels, times, and handover records.
AI primarily changesMay flag potential anomalies
Human responsibility remainsPersonnel judge identity mismatches, sample label errors, infection prevention gaps, adverse reactions, or handover errors and the scope of management.
AI primarily changesMay draft outputs
Human responsibility remainsPersonnel review and take responsibility for identity-to-sample matching records, incident reports, and traceable handovers.
Information assistance suggestions must connect to original materials and a named recipient; they do not replace the clinical lead.
Check the clinical / donation setting, permitted data, and tool purpose.
Process only approved data; retain sources and pending checks in outputs.
Check codes, labels, times, and requested tests; do not guess missing items.
Record versions, human revisions, recipients, and unresolved items.
Collect and manage reactions under local qualifications and institutional procedures; software does not authorize practice.
Incorrect text may cause identity / sample mismatches.
Control: Check original identities and labels item by item; do not automatically change patient numbers.
Health data are sensitive personal information; external transmission requires a lawful basis and strict safeguards.
Control: Follow China's statutory processing basis and minimum necessity; do not submit nonanonymized data to public tools.
Summaries may omit missing items or use old procedures.
Control: Retain versions, original evidence, and the reviewer; do not erase unresolved status.
Errors in tube counts, label times, or requested tests affect traceability.
Control: Compare with original requests and actual records; do not fabricate values or clinical meaning.
Without receipt confirmation, 'handed over' may be confused with 'received.'
Control: Obtain confirmation from an authorized recipient, retain unresolved items, and hand over.
First check institution-approved information tool scope; personnel make the final identity and label checks.
First obtain foundational collection training, qualifications, and record-checking skills; programming does not replace job training.
Evaluate data permissions, mismatch rates, false positives and negatives, and human review; a demonstration cannot expand authority.
Check qualifications for the new role and its analysis / nursing scope; blood collection experience does not confer automatic mutual recognition.
Exposure methodology cannot establish replacement; collection, identity checks, and protection still follow job scope.
Source: ILO methodology and ON tasks for this occupationOriginal source ↗
ON software includes EMR, blood supply management, and office records; programming has not been verified as a uniform entry requirement for this occupation.
Source: O*NET software entries for this occupationOriginal source ↗
Record drafting and nonclinical material organization may be evaluated; no empirical ranking of easiest replacement has been established.
Source: Occupational tasks and GPT study limitationsOriginal source ↗
US EP projects overall growth of 6.8% and approximately 9,800 net additional jobs, not an effect caused solely by AI.
Source: BLS31-9097 separate projectionsOriginal source ↗
Identity confirmation, collection, and anomaly management follow qualifications and procedures; system outputs do not confer professional authorization.
Source: ON tasks and NIST responsibility frameworkOriginal source ↗
Insufficient evidence: a disappearance year for this occupation has not been verified; exposure does not provide an adoption timeline.
Source: Boundaries of GPT task impact methodologyOriginal source ↗
Prioritize identity, label, request, and handover checks, then check training and local entry requirements.
Source: ON tasks, BLS education, and institutional rulesOriginal source ↗
Invasive blood collection, infection prevention, and adverse reaction management must be performed by trained and authorized personnel under institutional procedures; system outputs cannot independently obtain professional authorization.
Insufficient evidence: complete current blood collection position pay offers, shifts, and pay units have not been verified.
| Educational background | Common position directions | Notes and checking suggestions |
|---|---|---|
| Typical US postsecondary nondegree award | Entry into US phlebotomy | Typical BLS requirement; check states / institutions and Chinese qualifications separately. |
| Nursing education and practice registration | Chinese nursing activities or blood collection nurses | Registration measures require a certificate and practice location; the English phlebotomy title cannot bypass them. |
| Blood station position training and assessment | Chinese blood donation collection and supply settings | Article 27 of blood station management rules requires position qualifications and successful training and assessment before work; do not apply this to all hospital collection. |
| Laboratory professional training | Adjacent laboratory analysis positions | US laboratory occupational tasks differ; check Chinese recruitment and qualifications separately. Collection experience does not enable automatic transfer. |
Historical Shanghai Blood Center notice dated 2025-04-09: 15 blood collection nurses, bachelor's degree or higher in nursing, experienced applicants required to have a practice certificate and a professional title of nurse or higher, age 40 or below; applications closed 2025-04-30, so these are not current vacancies. Remuneration follows public institution standards only; amounts and shifts were not provided.
Check registration, authorization, and handover procedures for the clinical collection setting.
Check donor identity, informed consent, and job training separately; this is not diagnostic sampling.
Separate collection and subsequent analysis responsibilities; check the institution's main activity and qualifications.
Insufficient evidence: a quantified causal relationship between AI adoption and wages for this occupation has not been verified; information assistance does not equal actual replacement of blood collection.
| 90th percentile | USD 58,780 / year (90th percentile) | Official annual wages, not individual take-home pay | The 90th percentile is USD 58,780; do not infer an individual's income ceiling. |
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Pay · 10th percentile：USD 35,780 / year (10th percentile)；The 2025 10th percentile is USD 35,780, not starting pay for newcomers.；O*NET wages page
Pay · 25th percentile：USD 38,190 / year；The 2025 25th percentile is USD 38,190 and does not correspond to specific experience or qualifications.；O*NET wages page
Pay · Median：USD 45,230 / year；The 2025 median annual wage is USD 45,230, not an individual pay offer.；O*NET wages page
Pay · 75th percentile：USD 48,930 / year；The 2025 75th percentile is USD 48,930 and does not represent a job grade.；O*NET wages page
Pay · 90th percentile：USD 58,780 / year (90th percentile)；The 2025 90th percentile is USD 58,780 and does not guarantee individual income.；O*NET wages page
No. USD 45,230 is the 2025 median annual wage for this occupation, not starting pay for newcomers.
The official 2025 median hourly wage for this occupation is USD 21.75; individual annual pay depends on actual hours, overtime, and contracts. Do not use 2080 to infer individual income.
ON national wages cite BLS2025; OOH provides industry medians for this occupation, and EP provides overall 2025—2035 employment projections.
Check location, industry, task scope, shifts, hours, and contracts on a comparable basis; do not invent causal pay increases.
| Industry | Median annual wage / statistical status | How to interpret this value |
|---|---|---|
| Outpatient care centers | USD 48,030 / year | May 2025 median for US phlebotomists within this industry, not the entire industry's average. |
| Medical and diagnostic laboratories | USD 46,670 / year | May 2025 median for US phlebotomists within this industry, not the entire industry's average. |
| Physicians' offices | USD 44,500 / year | May 2025 median for US phlebotomists within this industry, not the entire industry's average. |
| State, local, and private hospitals | USD 44,220 / year | May 2025 median for US phlebotomists within this industry, not the entire industry's average. |
Location, the specific employer, and job scope affect income; first check contracts on a comparable basis.
Hospitals / laboratories may have night and weekend shifts, but shifts do not establish a fixed premium.
Training and certification requirements vary by state / employer; certificates do not guarantee wage increases.
BLS lists 2025 employment of 143.9 thousand for the separate occupation 31-9097.；BLS projection table
For the separate occupation 31-9097, BLS lists employment of 143.9 thousand in 2025 and 153.7 thousand in 2035, growth of 6.8%, and a net increase of 9.8 thousand.；BLS projection table
Ten-year average for 2025—2035, including replacements for occupational transfers and labor force exits； not current recruitment or annual net growth.；BLS projection table
O*NET occupational interest baseline
C/R/I | Top three group interest directions, not a required personality.C74/R74/I62/S43/E7/A0 is US group data, not individual probabilities.
Process checks, practical work, and health services may correspond to group C/R/I interests; individuals still need paper checks and supervised training to test fit.
Which Holland interest types are closer to phlebotomists?
The occupational group's interests, C74/R74/I62/S43/E7/A0, reflect process, practical work, and laboratory contexts, not an individual type requirement.
Do not use it this way: Personal interests do not confer blood collection skills, nursing qualifications, or clinical management authority.
Test my Holland career interestsWhich Big Five traits are more relevant to this work?
Reliability, attention to detail, and caution can guide observation of checking behavior; O*NET work styles do not constitute validation of this site's Big Five scale.
Do not use it this way: Do not set hiring cutoffs by personality scores; check actual training and safe behavior.
View my Big Five personality traitsCan MBTI determine whether I am suited to being a phlebotomist?
MBTI is for reflecting on preferences only; do not use type to determine clinical competence.
Do not use it this way: MBTI cannot waive training, confer collection authority, or eliminate candidates.
Understand my MBTI preferencesCan the Enneagram show whether I am suited to this occupation?
The Enneagram may support reflection on stress responses, not establish healthcare qualifications.
Do not use it this way: Check documentation, checking, and communication behaviors; type labels cannot replace skills.
Explore my Enneagram patternsCan I become a phlebotomist if I struggle with mathematics?
Identity numbers, requested items, times, and other information must be checked; ON mathematical reasoning 25 / number facility 25 are group ability entries, not IQ thresholds.
Do not use it this way: Paper checking does not measure real blood collection proficiency.
Understand my intelligence and reasoning performanceDo phlebotomists need high emotional intelligence?
Patient explanation and collaboration are supported by occupational tasks; an emotional intelligence score cannot establish emergency response ability.
Do not use it this way: Handle patient anxiety and discomfort under institutional procedures, not emotional judgment alone.
Understand my emotional intelligence abilitiesFits better when: Enjoy direct patient communication and sample checking.
Watch for: Check shifts and patient conditions separately.
Explore related career: PhlebotomistsFits better when: Enjoy frequent procedures and clear handovers.
Watch for: Do not omit identity checks for speed.
Explore related career: PhlebotomistsFits better when: Enjoy communicating with donors.
Watch for: Check donation rules and qualifications separately.
Explore related career: PhlebotomistsFits better when: Enjoy working in different locations.
Watch for: Check transport and handover requirements separately.
Explore related career: PhlebotomistsFits better when: Enjoy subsequent sample analysis.
Watch for: Check laboratory position education separately.
Explore related career: Medical and Clinical Laboratory TechniciansFits better when: Enjoy broader nursing work.
Watch for: Check nursing qualifications separately.
Explore related career: Registered NursesAttention to detail, reliability, caution, and collaboration are observation clues; there is no single suitable personality.
Check patient explanation and accurate documentation; an introvert label is not an occupational entry ban.
Communication strengths must accompany item-by-item checks; extraversion does not guarantee patient safety.
Insufficient evidence: no valid comparison establishing a particular MBTI type as more suitable for this occupation has been verified.
The top three group interests are C/R/I; individuals must check task commitment and training.
Insufficient evidence: current evidence does not allow this site's personality scores to generate performance probabilities for this occupation.
First try code, label, time, and request checks; mathematics grades do not confer collection authority.
Listening and clear explanations are needed; do not set a uniform entry EQ cutoff.
The Enneagram may support self-reflection; typing cannot replace qualifications or safe procedures.
Use A1 identity discrepancies, A2 blank time, A3 test conflicts, A4 receipt gaps, and A5 handover verification; paper exercise only.
Evidence：O*NET Phlebotomists occupational tasks · BLS Occupational Outlook (working hours and work environment)
Typical scenario：The sample label lacks the correct time and code.
Roles most affected：Patients and laboratory personnel
Possible consequence：Samples may be untraceable.
How to reduce risk：Review and report within the authorized process.
Evidence：O*NET Phlebotomists occupational tasks · BLS Occupational Outlook (working hours and work environment)
Typical scenario：Protective equipment or sharps disposal steps are unclear.
Roles most affected：Patients and staff
Possible consequence：May cause exposure.
How to reduce risk：Pause and follow institutional infection prevention procedures.
Evidence：O*NET Phlebotomists occupational tasks · BLS Occupational Outlook (working hours and work environment)
Typical scenario：A patient reports discomfort or develops an adverse reaction.
Roles most affected：Patients and the nursing team
Possible consequence：Immediate assistance may be needed.
How to reduce risk：Call authorized personnel under institutional emergency procedures.
Evidence：O*NET Phlebotomists occupational tasks · BLS Occupational Outlook (working hours and work environment)
Typical scenario：The requested test does not match the container label.
Roles most affected：Patients and laboratory departments
Possible consequence：The sample may be unsuitable for the specified test.
How to reduce risk：Mark the discrepancy and clarify with the supervisor.
Evidence：O*NET Phlebotomists occupational tasks · BLS Occupational Outlook (working hours and work environment)
Typical scenario：The handover person or time is missing.
Roles most affected：Patients and laboratory departments
Possible consequence：The sample's whereabouts are difficult to trace.
How to reduce risk：Follow up to verify records and the recipient.
Evidence：O*NET Phlebotomists occupational tasks · BLS Occupational Outlook (working hours and work environment)
| Entry positions | Main tasks early in employment | What employers typically look for | How to demonstrate ability without experience | Differences from other directions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phlebotomy learner | Learn identity and sample safety fundamentals. | Ability to distinguish original data from inference. | Fictional checking cards A1—A5. | Do not perform real blood collection. |
| Supervised placement | Learn procedures through institutional training. | Ability to pause and report promptly. | Fictional labels and handovers. | The institution determines authority. |
| Phlebotomists | Collect and document within authorization. | Check identities, labels, and reactions. | De-identified materials permitted for display. | Must follow infection prevention requirements. |
| Blood donation service direction | Serve donors and hand over samples. | Check qualifications and rules separately. | Simulated communication records. | No automatic mutual recognition. |
| Process coordination | Review quality and handovers. | Ability to identify systematic discrepancies. | Quality improvement records. | Check management appointments separately. |
Typical US postsecondary nondegree award; check Chinese nurse registration / blood station qualifications for the actual setting.
Do not treat education as authorization.
Use A1—A5 to demonstrate data checking and discrepancy handling.
Work samples do not establish job authorization.
Use O*NET 31-9097.00 to check collecting blood samples for testing, transfusion, donation, or research, checking patient identities and sample labels, handing samples over, explaining procedures to patients, and observing adverse reactions.
Check the specific job setting.
The handover states sources, time, recipient, and unresolved items.
Protect real data.
You are a learner at the fictional Qinghe testing site, performing paper checks only. A1: the request form's patient code is P, the wristband says Q, and a second identifier has not been verified.
A2: the sample label says P, but the collection time field is blank.
A3: requested test A differs from test B on the preprinted container label; this exercise provides no real medical test items.
A4: the handover form shows that the previous shift handed over the sample, but the recipient's signature is missing; the record cannot establish receipt.
A5: fictional institutional rules require pausing the corresponding step and contacting supervisor Lin Lan when identity, labels, tests, or handovers are unclear; authorized personnel manage patient discomfort under institutional procedures.
The A1 identity mismatch, A2 missing time, A3 test conflict, and A4 missing recipient are independent unresolved items.
A5 records the pause, original document checks, and supervisor recipient, without clinical interpretation or real blood collection procedures.
Work samples include A1—A5 evidence cards, a sample label discrepancy table, and a handover sheet; they contain no real patient information or procedure parameters.
A1 lists P/Q and the missing second identifier.
Do not independently merge identities.
A2 lists the blank collection time.
Do not fabricate a time.
A3 lists the conflict between request A and container B.
Missing recipient in A4 and supervisor in A5.
| Stage | What may be assessed | Observable evidence | Usage boundaries |
|---|---|---|---|
| Identity | A1 P/Q conflict | State the two identifiers pending verification | Do not merge independently |
| Labels | A2 missing time | Mark unresolved and report | Do not fabricate |
| Tests | A3 A/B conflict | Check the request and container | Do not guess tests |
| Handover | Missing signature in A4 and rules in A5 | Name Lin Lan as recipient | Do not replace clinical procedures |
Read A1—A5 and define paper exercise boundaries.
Check the two identifiers in A1.
Check the label time in A2.
Compare the request and container in A3.
Check the recipient in A4.
Write the pause and handover for A5.
Review four work samples.
| Qualification / status | Who it mainly suits | Practical role in job seeking | Whether it is a general entry requirement | Application / registration conditions | Level of commitment | Key limitations |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Typical US education | Prospective entrants | Typical US postsecondary nondegree award; some enter with high school plus training | States may differ | Check local requirements | Usually coursework and practice | A certificate does not equal authorization |
| Chinese nurse practice registration | People engaged in nursing activities | Practice at the registered location | Nursing activities require a practice certificate, not uniform recognition of English occupational titles | Check registration and local appointment requirements | According to statutory conditions and institutional arrangements | Paper work samples do not confer practice qualifications |
| Infection prevention | All collection settings | Train under institutional procedures | Local requirements vary | Check with the competent authority | Ongoing | Do not perform procedures on the strength of paper exercises |
| Blood station qualifications and training | Blood donation service practitioners in China | Check position practice qualifications and successful training and assessment | Blood station position requirements apply | Article 27 of the Blood Station Management Measures; check recruitment requirements separately | Job training and continuing education | Do not interchange hospital clinical collection and blood donation settings |
| Laboratory analysis | People considering laboratory positions | Check laboratory training separately | The subjects of work differ | Consult occupational requirements | Long-term study | Blood collection experience does not replace qualifications |
| Continuing education | Current personnel | Update protection and quality procedures | Institutional requirements vary | Check with the supervisor | Ongoing | Training does not automatically expand authority |
Typical scope：Learn identity, request form, and specimen label checks; use simulated data to list precollection uncertainties.
Readiness evidence：List unresolved items and risks.
Credential boundary：Learn hospital blood collection fundamentals.
Next moves：Use A1—A5 to check sources and discrepancies in patient identities, requests, and sample labels.
Typical scope：With appropriate training and authorized supervision, check identities and requests, prepare equipment, and document collection and anomalies.
Readiness evidence：Record review and handover.
Credential boundary：Complete institution-arranged mentoring in hospital blood collection.
Next moves：Handle patient identities, requests, and sample labels under supervision.
Typical scope：Complete collection, bedside labeling, and specimen handover within authorization; record times and patient reactions.
Readiness evidence：Include sources, versions, and a recipient.
Credential boundary：Work under local and institutional authorization.
Next moves：Check patient identities, requests, and sample labels and deliver identity-to-sample matching records, incident reports, and traceable handovers.
Typical scope：Coordinate hospital collection scheduling and specimen tracking; review errors and the closure of anomaly handovers.
Readiness evidence：Can demonstrate resolution of discrepancies through to closure.
Credential boundary：Coordination roles are appointed by the institution.
Next moves：Review the quality of patient identities, requests, and sample labels.
Typical scope：Use simulated outpatient requests to practice identifying appointment, test, and time requirements; list matters requiring confirmation.
Readiness evidence：List unresolved items and risks.
Credential boundary：Learn outpatient blood collection fundamentals.
Next moves：Use A1—A5 to check sources and discrepancies in frequent collection and laboratory handovers.
Typical scope：Under authorized supervision, explain collection procedures, check identities and requested tests, and complete records and handovers.
Readiness evidence：Record review and handover.
Credential boundary：Complete institution-arranged mentoring in outpatient blood collection.
Next moves：Handle frequent collection and laboratory handovers under supervision.
Typical scope：Complete outpatient collection, labeling, and handover according to confirmed requests and job authority; escalate inconsistencies.
Readiness evidence：Include sources, versions, and a recipient.
Typical scope：Learn blood donation service procedures; use simulated records to distinguish identity checking, collection, and health assessment responsibilities.
Readiness evidence：List unresolved items and risks.
Credential boundary：Learn blood donation service fundamentals.
Next moves：Use A1—A5 to check sources and discrepancies in donor communication and sample tracking.
Typical scope：Collaborate under supervision in accordance with blood station position qualification and training assessment requirements; record collection and donor reactions.
Readiness evidence：Record review and handover.
Credential boundary：Complete institution-arranged mentoring in blood donation services.
Next moves：Handle donor communication and sample tracking under supervision.
Typical scope：Complete donation collection, records, and handover within job authorization; report and manage anomalies under institutional procedures.
Include sources, versions, and a recipient.
Can identify identity mismatches, sample label errors, infection prevention gaps, adverse reactions, or handover errors in fictional materials.
Under supervision, collect blood samples for testing, transfusion, donation, or research, check patient identities and sample labels, hand samples over, explain procedures to patients, and observe adverse reactions.
Deliver identity-to-sample matching records, incident reports, and traceable handovers within authorization.
Review quality, mentor others, and resolve anomalies through to closure.
United States · Separate US occupation 31-9097
Overall growth of 6.8%; approximately 9,800 net additional jobs over ten years; annual average of 18,000 including replacements
Employment changes and openings
The separate BLS row projects growth of 6.8%.
Does not establish：The annual average of 18,000 includes replacements for exits and occupational transfers, unlike approximately 9,800 net additional jobs over ten years; it is not current recruitment or AI causation.
Mainland China · Check occupational scope and period separately
Insufficient evidence: separate employment changes or openings for this occupation in China have not been verified.
Evidence status for Chinese occupational projections
Insufficient evidence: a separate Chinese employment projection strictly corresponding to phlebotomists has not been verified; do not treat US growth of 6.8% as a Chinese trend.
Does not establish：Chinese industry wages cannot serve as employment projections for this occupation.
These are capability relationships, not automatic promotions or credential waivers.
Transfers：May share patient explanations, sample records, and collaboration.
Build next：Additional skills in administrative records, medical histories, and clinical work under physician direction are needed. Check actual duties and local conditions separately; transfer is not automatic.
View career profileTransfers：Share specimen tracking, request checks, and records.
Build next：Additional laboratory methods, instrument, quality control, and corresponding education are needed. Collection experience does not replace laboratory analysis training or authority.
View career profileTransfers：Share patient communication, observation, and records.
Build next：Full nursing assessment and planning, licensure, and registration are additionally required. Blood collection work does not directly confer nurse registration.
View career profileTransfers：Share patient care, sample collection, and documentation tasks.
Build next：Additional nursing training and licensure are needed; in the US, registered nurse supervision may apply. US practical nurses do not have automatic mutual recognition with Chinese professional titles.
View career profileTransfers：Share accurate data entry and traceable records.
Build next：Additional health information coding, record standards, and system requirements are needed. A coding direction does not equal clinical management authority.
Career profile unavailableTransfers：Share on-site communication and incident reporting.
Build next：Additional injury and illness assessment, basic emergency care, and transport training are needed. Paper incident handovers in this occupation do not validate emergency care competence; some profile data are still being collected.
View career profileTransfers：Share awareness of hygiene protection and equipment records.
Build next：Additional sterilization, installation and cleaning, and equipment procedures are needed. Do not treat blood collection sharps disposal experience as a sterilization qualification.
Career profile unavailableTransfers：Share precise labeling and documentation habits.
Build next：Additional medication preparation under pharmacist direction, measurement and labeling, and position requirements are needed. Medication doses cannot be inferred from collection experience; check authority separately.
View career profileApproved information assistance may be evaluated; actual GenAI adoption or replacement rates for this occupation have not been verified. Patient checks, collection, and protection follow qualifications and institutional procedures; overall employment projections cannot establish AI effects.
The 2025 health and social work industry pretax annual averages are CNY 146,266 in nonprivate units and CNY 75,631 in private units, used conditionally according to the unit's main activity and registration; separate Chinese wage percentiles for this occupation remain missing and are not monthly take-home pay.
No. USD 45,230 is the 2025 median annual wage for US 31-9097 Phlebotomists.
A postsecondary nondegree award is typical in the US, with some entering through high school plus training; Chinese nursing activities require checking practice registration, and blood stations require checking position qualifications and training assessments.
No. A1—A5 practice data and handover checking only; real blood collection requires training and authorization.
Identity mismatches, label errors, infection prevention gaps, adverse reactions, and handover errors.
Overall US growth for 2025—2035 is 6.8%, with approximately 9,800 net additional jobs over ten years and an annual average of 18,000 openings including replacements; these are not Chinese projections, AI effects, or individual unemployment rates.
Compiled and edited by the FermatMind career content team; no item-by-item review by practicing phlebotomists has been obtained.
Source review for this round: 2026-10-03; previously correct materials and fictional exercises remain applicable, with statistical years stated separately.
Tasks for this occupation are based on ON31-9097; US wages and occupation-specific industry medians come from ON/BLS. EP overall employment is separated from AI research; Chinese NBS health industry annual averages and qualification rules are used conditionally, with gaps retained.
Limitations：Occupational tasks and group background only; does not provide Chinese statistics, privacy law, recruitment, or GenAI deployment research.
Limitations：Overall employment is not AI causation or a Chinese projection; average annual openings include replacements.
Limitations：Overall employment is not AI causation or a Chinese projection; average annual openings include replacements.
Limitations：Use only the United States 2025 annual / hourly wage percentiles; local rows in the URL cannot replace national data, and individual take-home pay is not inferred.
Limitations：Pretax annual averages, not phlebotomist wage percentiles; legal entities and units treated as legal entities with more than 5 employees. Check conditions for enterprise position averages separately.
Limitations：Occupational tasks and group background only; does not provide Chinese statistics, privacy law, recruitment, or GenAI deployment research.
Limitations：Occupational tasks and group background only; does not provide Chinese statistics, privacy law, recruitment, or GenAI deployment research.
Limitations：Analyzes task boundaries only; does not provide phlebotomist qualifications or automatic Chinese recognition.
Limitations：Analyzes task boundaries only; does not provide phlebotomist qualifications or automatic Chinese recognition.
Limitations：Analyzes task boundaries only; does not provide phlebotomist qualifications or automatic Chinese recognition.
Limitations：Occupational tasks and group background only; does not provide Chinese statistics, privacy law, recruitment, or GenAI deployment research.
Limitations：Use according to the source occupation, jurisdiction, and period; these do not represent Chinese single-occupation wages or individual outcomes.
Limitations：Use according to the source occupation, jurisdiction, and period; these do not represent Chinese single-occupation wages or individual outcomes.
Limitations：Use according to the source occupation, jurisdiction, and period; these do not represent Chinese single-occupation wages or individual outcomes.
Limitations：Occupational tasks and group background only; does not provide Chinese statistics, privacy law, recruitment, or GenAI deployment research.
Limitations：Use according to the source occupation, jurisdiction, and period; these do not represent Chinese single-occupation wages or individual outcomes.
Limitations：Occupational tasks and group background only; does not provide Chinese statistics, privacy law, recruitment, or GenAI deployment research.
Limitations：Occupational tasks and group background only; does not provide Chinese statistics, privacy law, recruitment, or GenAI deployment research.
Limitations：Pretax annual averages, not phlebotomist wage percentiles; legal entities and units treated as legal entities with more than 5 employees. Check conditions for enterprise position averages separately.
Limitations：Overall employment is not AI causation or a Chinese projection; average annual openings include replacements.
Limitations：Use only the United States 2025 annual / hourly wage percentiles; local rows in the URL cannot replace national data, and individual take-home pay is not inferred.
Limitations：Occupational tasks and group background only; does not provide Chinese statistics, privacy law, recruitment, or GenAI deployment research.
Limitations：Occupational tasks and group background only; does not provide Chinese statistics, privacy law, recruitment, or GenAI deployment research.
Limitations：Use only the United States 2025 annual / hourly wage percentiles; local rows in the URL cannot replace national data, and individual take-home pay is not inferred.
Limitations：Occupational tasks and group background only; does not provide Chinese statistics, privacy law, recruitment, or GenAI deployment research.
Limitations：Based on the employer's main activity, not a qualification certificate or single-occupation wages.
Limitations：Applies within the scope of nursing activities; do not classify all US phlebotomy tasks under a uniform Chinese nurse position.
Limitations：Blood stations do not cover all clinical laboratory collection; check position practice qualifications and training assessments separately.
Limitations：Recommended scope, not practice qualifications; do not apply it to pediatric, arterial, or donation collection.
Limitations：Closed, not current vacancies; remuneration rules only, without figures, shifts, or pay units.
Limitations：Removing names may not anonymize data; check processing basis, purpose, and minimum necessity under law.
Limitations：Not adoption or replacement rates for this occupation, blood collection equipment effectiveness, or qualifications.
Limitations：Task comparison only; does not provide automatic Chinese career transfer or pay recognition.
Limitations：Task comparison only; does not provide automatic Chinese career transfer or pay recognition.
Limitations：Task comparison only; does not provide automatic Chinese career transfer or pay recognition.
Limitations：Task comparison only; does not provide automatic Chinese career transfer or pay recognition.
Limitations：Task comparison only; does not provide automatic Chinese career transfer or pay recognition.
Limitations：Task comparison only; does not provide automatic Chinese career transfer or pay recognition.
Limitations：Task comparison only; does not provide automatic Chinese career transfer or pay recognition.
Limitations：Task comparison only; does not provide automatic Chinese career transfer or pay recognition.
Limitations：Editorial ratings use the existing occupational responsibilities and AI task analysis on this page. They are not adoption rates, measured effects, job-disappearance or personal-unemployment probabilities, or official scores from Stanford or another external institution. No measured time weights or future robot deployment are assumed.
The Chinese page explains the US occupational scope of phlebotomists and Chinese applicability boundaries; A1—A5 are entirely fictional and not for real decisions.
MBTI (English) · Big Five (English) · MBTI (Chinese) · Big Five (Chinese)
Shifts and remuneration
Credential boundary：Work under local and institutional authorization.
Next moves：Check frequent collection and laboratory handovers and deliver identity-to-sample matching records, incident reports, and traceable handovers.
Typical scope：Coordinate outpatient collection volumes and waiting processes; review test timing requirements, returned specimens, and incident records.
Readiness evidence：Can demonstrate resolution of discrepancies through to closure.
Credential boundary：Coordination roles are appointed by the institution.
Next moves：Review the quality of frequent collection and laboratory handovers.
Credential boundary：Work under local and institutional authorization.
Next moves：Check donor communication and sample tracking and deliver identity-to-sample matching records, incident reports, and traceable handovers.
Typical scope：Coordinate donation collection and handovers; review identity records, incident feedback, and job training requirements.
Readiness evidence：Can demonstrate resolution of discrepancies through to closure.
Credential boundary：Coordination roles are appointed by the institution.
Next moves：Review the quality of donor communication and sample tracking.
