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SOC 13-2031 · O*NET 13-2031.00
The entry on this page corresponds to budget analysts (U.S. side O*NET-SOC 13-2031.00): reviewing the completeness, accuracy, and compliance of budget estimates, analyzing budget and accounting reports, conducting cost and benefit analysis, consolidating budgets and making recommendations on funding applications, and preparing budget reports and tracking execution; the work routinely involves data and basis verification, report analysis, multi-party communication, and cycle milestones, and its duties do not equal funding approval decisions or accounting policy conclusions.
Model impact index for three equally weighted representative core tasks; not a measured share of working time or a job-loss probability. floor((75+75+75)/3+0.5)=75; fermatmind-ai-impact-v1; 2026-10-18.
Insufficient evidence: no national occupational wage distribution for this occupation in China was obtained in this round. This occupation's outputs are budget review, cost analysis, and execution statements; the U.S. figures are read from the exact table for 13-2031, and Chinese industry data only verifies the matching employer background.
U.S. O*NET JobZone4 is the general preparation zone; education responses are 77% bachelor's, 13% high school or equivalent, and 8% master's, while the typical BLS entry is a bachelor's degree with some experience accepted as a substitute. In mainland China, government budgets and related department units are verified against the current 2018 amendment of the Budget Law for preparation, review, approval, execution, and adjustment; enterprise internal budgets are verified against the applicable accounting system, governance, and unit authorization, and government budget procedures are not generalized to all enterprise budgets. Education does not automatically create position authority.
Whether you can adapt to the repetitive work of verifying bases, units, and assumptions explains more than liking numbers; you are willing to keep the calculation process, accept correction, and keep recommendations separate from approvals.
Budget analysts (U.S. side O*NET-SOC 13-2031.00, Budget Analysts) review the completeness and accuracy of budget estimates and their compliance with procedures and rules and analyze budget and accounting reports. Daily work includes: analyzing monthly budget and accounting reports of each department to maintain expenditure control; providing advice and technical assistance on cost analysis, fund allocation, and budget preparation; reviewing operating budgets and analyzing trends affecting budget needs; consolidating and analyzing accounting records and other data to determine the resources needed to implement programs; consolidating budgets and recommending approval or non-approval of funding requests; consulting with managers to ensure budgets are adjusted as programs change; directing the preparation of routine and special budget reports; interpreting budget instructions and formulating execution policies; and conducting cost-benefit analysis to compare operating options, review funding applications, or explore alternative financing methods. It bears analysis and recommendation responsibility, but does not replace the competent department in approving budgets or deciding appropriations.
Career direction comparison
The table below compares the directional differences between budget analysts and adjacent trades; the basis for judgment is the main outputs, what the role is responsible for, and the training required, rather than the similarity of trade names.
| Career direction | Core work and output | Key differences | Best-fit choice |
|---|---|---|---|
| Financial Managers | Responsible for institutional financial strategy, funding arrangements, and financial reporting, with outputs mainly financial policies and funding plans. | Financial managers coordinate the institution's financial activities; budget analysis focuses on estimate review, cost comparison, and recommendations, and specific decision authority is verified against the institution and concurrent duties, and it cannot be asserted that all budget analysts lack funding decision authority. | If you prefer financial decision-making and management, examine financial managers first; if you prefer budget and cost analysis, examine budget analysts first. |
AI impact on this career
Insufficient evidence: no AI adoption rate or AI-attributed headcount reduction proportion for this occupation was obtained in this round. Editorially use tools for data aggregation, initial variance screening, and draft reports, verified against the original data; responsibility arrangements do not prove that the number of positions will not change. AI Impact Score 75% is an editorial estimate. Model impact index for three equally weighted representative core tasks; not a measured share of working time or a job-loss probability. floor((75+75+75)/3+0.5)=75; fermatmind-ai-impact-v1; 2026-10-18.The three tasks, ratings and sources are listed in the FermatMind method source record on this page.
FermatMind AI Impact Score estimation method v1
FermatMind / 费马测试 · 2026-10-18
Chinese mainland salary reference
Insufficient evidence: the one-to-one mapping of Chinese occupational detailed classes has not been verified. U.S. 13-2031, accounting and auditing 13-2011, and financial institution tellers 43-3071 are different entries, and wages and qualifications are not interchangeable.
Insufficient evidence: the one-to-one mapping between Chinese occupational detailed classes and budget analysis duties was not verified in this round; verify duties and authority against actual enterprise, government, and educational institution positions, and do not claim that no corresponding detailed class exists.
Insufficient evidence: no national occupational monthly salary distribution for this occupation was obtained in this round; the industry annual averages are explained separately below and are not filled into this occupation card.
Insufficient evidence: no verifiable regional occupational monthly salary data was obtained, and this page does not present a regional ranking or occupational figures.
U.S. salary reference
2025 median annual wage 91,640 and hourly 44.06 dollars, with P10 through P90 annual wages from 62,250 to 136,660; U.S. SOC13-2031: employment of 50,400 in 2025, projected 51,300 in 2035, a net increase of 1,000, growth of 1.9%, and 2,900 annual openings; each figure is rounded independently, and the net increase is not recalculated from the endpoint difference of 900, and the overall projection is not an AI attribution.
| Wage statistic position | Annual wage reference | Conversion boundary | How to understand this position |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10th percentile | 62,250 dollars/year (10th percentile) | Official conversion, not an individual monthly income | The 10th percentile is an annual wage of 62,250 dollars; this is the low end of the distribution and does not represent all newcomers, nor does it constitute a starting salary promise. |
| 50th percentile | 91,640 dollars/year (median) |
Career fit guide
Editorial suggested observation: verifying data and bases, explaining discrepancies, recording unknowns, accepting review, and improving. Use supervised real deliverables to understand task requirements; no comparative predictive validity against personality tests was obtained in this round, and this is not a hiring or individual competence conclusion.
You may be better suited to： You can verify data sources and budget bases before handling and write assumptions and conclusions separately in a reviewable form; you are willing to stop and ask when data is insufficient or the basis is unclear, rather than giving a conclusion first.
These situations require caution： You find verification and documentation troublesome, habitually skip basis judgments, resist correction when deviations are pointed out, or treat undisclosed financial information as something you may use freely; these will directly amplify compliance and responsibility risk and require caution.
Try an entry exercise： First use the given inputs in BU01/02 on this page to complete the three tables and a one-page debrief, and self-check against the reference deliverable; practitioner opinions can be added later and are not a necessary condition for completing this exercise.
Work pressures, risks, and occupational boundaries
Direct answer: the main risks include biased budget conclusions caused by basis and assumption errors, leakage of undisclosed financial and personnel information, committing funds or submitting externally beyond authority, positional pressure under resource competition and departmental demands, and concentrated workload during closing and budget cycles; control depends on item-by-item verification of bases and sources, authority and minimum-knowledge management, review and documentation, and advancing adjustments and submissions per procedures with continuous updating of policy understanding.
The tasks and context are based on U.S. O*NET/BLS; government budgets are based on the current Budget Law, and accounting matters on the 2024 Accounting Law. Risk control is an editorial suggestion and does not replace institutional rules, and medical incidence rates and causality were not obtained.
Typical scenario：Skipping verification to meet a deadline, or carrying over last year's bases and parameters on impression.
Roles most affected：Budget analysis and review positions
Entry, qualifications, and career development
The typical U.S. entry is a bachelor's degree, and the O*NET education responses 77/13/8 are not a universal threshold; JobZone4 is the preparation zone. In mainland China, government budgets and related department units are verified against the current 2018 amendment of the Budget Law for preparation, review, approval, execution, and adjustment; enterprise internal budgets are verified against the applicable accounting system, governance, and unit authorization, and government budget procedures are not generalized to all enterprise budgets.
Career prospects and transitions to related occupations
Insufficient evidence: no national wage and employment distribution for this occupation in China was obtained in this round. U.S. SOC13-2031: employment of 50,400 in 2025, projected 51,300 in 2035, a net increase of 1,000, growth of 1.9%, and 2,900 annual openings; each figure is rounded independently, and the net increase is not recalculated from the endpoint difference of 900, and the overall projection is not an AI attribution. Chinese related industries are only employer background.
United States · exact
50,400 people
Employment size
The BLS Table 1.2 employment base for this occupation, not industry headcounts.
Does not establish：O*NET2025 industry distribution for this occupation: government 51%, education 15%, other 34% (including professional, scientific, and technical services and management of companies); shares do not infer industry wages or individual hiring. The OOH separately lists government subcategories 26/13/11, education 15, and professional and technical 9, presenting the classification differently, and O*NET51% is not forcibly recalculated.
Review the completeness and accuracy of budget estimates and their compliance with procedures and rules and analyze budget and accounting reports: analyzing monthly budget and accounting reports of each department to maintain expenditure control, providing advice on cost analysis and fund allocation and budget preparation, reviewing operating budgets and analyzing trends, consolidating and analyzing accounting records to determine the resources needed for programs, consolidating budgets and making recommendations on funding applications, consulting with managers on budget adjustments, directing the preparation of routine and special budget reports, interpreting budget instructions and formulating execution policies, and conducting cost-benefit analysis to compare operating options or explore alternative financing methods.
Risks to note in advance include biased budget conclusions caused by basis and assumption errors, leakage of undisclosed financial and personnel information, committing funds or submitting externally beyond authority, positional pressure under resource competition and departmental demands, and concentrated workload during closing and budget cycles; control depends on item-by-item verification of bases and sources, authority and minimum-knowledge management, review and documentation, and advancing adjustments and submissions per procedures.
Choose a real task from this page for a small practice project or a conversation with someone in the field. Use the planning guides to set a date, an output and feedback questions before deciding whether to continue.
If you only want to total numbers and are unwilling to verify the basis or keep correction records, first try a low-cost practice using BU01/BU02, then consider long-term training. Budget analysis provides information and recommendations, and approval authority is verified separately against institutional rules.
Complete a paper-based trial using the BU01/BU02 below: unify yuan and ten-thousand yuan, calculate same-quarter budget variances, compare the given options, and retain the unknown benefit and approval items; pen and paper suffice, about 90 minutes, and after self-checking the answers decide the next step.
The work of this occupation can be divided into three categories: first, review and verification (reviewing the completeness, accuracy, and compliance of budget estimates, verifying bases and assumptions, analyzing monthly budget and accounting reports, and identifying anomalies and trends); second, analysis and recommendations (cost analysis, cost-benefit comparison, funding source and allocation recommendations, and budget adjustment recommendations, consolidated into a budget plan usable for decisions); third, reporting and execution tracking (preparing routine and special budget reports, interpreting budget instructions and formulating execution policies, coordinating budget adjustments with managers, and tracking execution). All three share the same analytical chain centered on the basis and evidence.
Review and verification
Analysis and recommendations
Budget analysts center on reviewing budget estimates, cost analysis, and budget reports; accountants and auditors are responsible for bookkeeping and audit judgments; financial managers are responsible for institutional financial strategy and fund management; financial and investment analysts are responsible for investment research and recommendations; management analysts are responsible for organizational process and efficiency analysis; tellers are responsible for cash and counter business. Similar names or working in the same finance function do not mean responsibilities and authority are interchangeable.
| Dimension | Primary track | Comparison track |
|---|---|---|
| Core purpose | Under procedures, rules, and budget constraints, translate departmental resource needs into consistently based, comparable, and executable budgets and cost analyses, provide a basis for funding application and allocation decisions, and support execution control. | Core purpose |
| Main objects and basis | The objects are departmental needs, budget and accounting reports, cost and benefit data, and funding applications; the basis is applicable regulations, institutional rules, appropriation terms, and data assumptions. In mainland China, government budgets and related department units are verified against the current 2018 amendment of the Budget Law for preparation, review, approval, execution, and adjustment; enterprise internal budgets are verified against the applicable accounting system, governance, and unit authorization, and government budget procedures are not generalized to all enterprise budgets. |
A review record noting the basis and doubtful points.
A reviewable analysis statement and trend judgment.
A reviewable analysis process and conclusions.
Budget plans and funding recommendations.
Budget reports and execution policy statements.
Execution tracking and adjustment records.
Before onboarding, verify at least six items: the position basis and form of employment (enterprise, government department, public institution, or outsourced services), working hours and closing cycle, qualification and training requirements, the scope of what you may prepare and submit externally, data and information confidentiality requirements, and the real pay method and performance bonus basis.
Occupational basis
Education and training pathway
| Accountants and Auditors |
|---|
| Responsible for bookkeeping, financial statement preparation, and audit judgments, with outputs mainly financial statements and audit opinions. |
| Accounting and auditing address bookkeeping and compliance judgments; budget analysts address resource allocation and cost-benefit and provide recommendations based on the basis and budget procedures. |
| If you prefer bookkeeping and auditing, examine accountants and auditors first; if you prefer budget and cost analysis, examine budget analysts first. |
| Financial and Investment Analysts | Conduct investment research and valuation analysis and give recommendations, with outputs mainly research reports and recommendations. | Investment analysts are responsible for investment judgments and need modeling and industry analysis; budget analysts are responsible for budget and cost bases and serve internal resource allocation. | If you prefer investment research, examine financial and investment analysts first; if you prefer internal budget analysis, examine budget analysts first. |
|---|
| Management Analysts | Analyze organizational processes and efficiency and propose improvement recommendations, with outputs mainly management consulting reports. | Management analysts address processes and efficiency; budget analysts address budgets, costs, and funding, and their analysis must land on executable budget bases and procedures. | If you prefer process and management improvement, examine management analysts first; if you prefer budgets and costs, examine budget analysts first. |
|---|
| Bank Tellers (Tellers, 43-3071.00) | Handle cash and counter business and process client transactions, with outputs mainly accurate cash and transaction receipts. | Tellers handle money and transaction records at financial institutions; budget analysis focuses on budget estimates and resource analysis, and this U.S. entry cannot be equated with all Chinese enterprise cashier positions. | If you prefer financial institution counter transactions, verify Tellers; if you prefer budget estimates and cost analysis, verify the budget analysis direction. |
|---|
| Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks | Handle daily bookkeeping and voucher entry, with outputs mainly ledgers and reconciliation results. | Bookkeeping clerks address daily bookkeeping; budget analysts address budget review and cost-benefit analysis and need stronger basis judgment and policy comprehension. | If you prefer daily bookkeeping, examine bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks first; if you prefer budget analysis, examine budget analysts first. |
|---|
This page compares the outputs, responsibilities, and training of six adjacent directions, using their respective official U.S. occupation definitions; bank Tellers and Chinese enterprise cashiers must not be directly equated.
Conclusion: the basis for choosing a direction is the main outputs, what the role is responsible for, and the training required, not how similar the names are; once the direction is set, you should verify item by item the target position's preparation and review authority, data and system access scope, accounting and budget system requirements, and qualification and continuing education arrangements, and keep written confirmation.
Editorial ratings use the existing occupational responsibilities and AI task analysis on this page. They are not adoption rates, measured effects, job-disappearance or personal-unemployment probabilities, or official scores from Stanford or another external institution. No measured time weights or future robot deployment are assumed.
Editorial usage suggestion: use tools to assist aggregation, unit validation, initial variance screening, and draft reports; there was no quantified efficiency experiment for this occupation in this round. Output must be verified against the original data, applicable policy, and assumptions, and it is not claimed that tools necessarily fail to understand context.
It depends on the institution's management requirements for financial and personnel data, system authority and review boundaries, and external submission and documentation arrangements. Technical feasibility does not mean it is permitted to serve directly as a budget or submission basis, nor does it mean the institution has already adopted it.
U.S. SOC13-2031: employment of 50,400 in 2025, projected 51,300 in 2035, a net increase of 1,000, growth of 1.9%, and 2,900 annual openings; each figure is rounded independently, and the net increase is not recalculated from the endpoint difference of 900, and the overall projection is not an AI attribution. Task exposure, adoption, process automation, and employment projections are different indicators and cannot be used to infer AI-caused job changes.
| Work area | Task | Current change | Human control point |
|---|---|---|---|
| Budget estimate review | Collect departmental budget needs and historical data, verify the completeness and accuracy of estimates, and register pending items. | Data aggregation and consistency validation can be assisted. | Judge whether bases and assumptions are applicable and which discrepancies need explanation or reporting. |
| Report analysis | Analyze monthly budget and accounting reports, identify anomalies and trends, and maintain expenditure control. | Initial variance and trend screening can be assisted. | Judge whether anomalies and trends hold and whether adjustment or guidance is needed. |
| Cost and benefit analysis | Conduct cost analysis, cost-benefit comparison, and alternative option assessment. | Calculations and comparison tables can be assisted. | Select the analysis basis and methods and judge whether the conclusions are robust. |
| Budget consolidation and recommendations | Consolidate budgets and make recommendations on funding applications, and discuss adjustments with managers. | Consolidation tables and draft statements can be assisted. | Responsible for the reasonableness and basis of funding recommendations. |
| Reporting and execution policies | Direct the preparation of routine and special budget reports, interpret budget instructions, and formulate execution policies. | Reports and draft statements can be assisted. | Responsible for the report basis, instruction interpretation, and execution policies. |
| Execution tracking and feedback | Track budget execution, and feed back deviations and adjustment recommendations with documentation. | Deviation lists and tracking ledgers can be assisted. | Judge whether deviations need adjustment or reporting, and track the handling results. |
| Mentoring and crew collaboration | Mentor newcomers on budget bases and review requirements, demonstrating analysis and documentation standards. | Training materials and key operating points can be assisted. | Bear data quality and review arrangements for the budget analysis team per actual authorization; an ordinary analyst does not acquire all team management responsibilities by job title. |
The five evidence cards are read separately as duties, tasks, hiring software, wages and employment, and task exposure research; BLS does indeed provide overall job-count projections, but not AI-replacement forecasts, adoption rates, or an individual hiring guarantee.
The table below compares the differences among three groups of work directions in terms of automation impact: which steps can be assisted, and which judgments and responsibilities still rest with people.
AI primarily changesData aggregation, basis validation, and initial variance screening can be assisted by tools.
Human responsibility remainsJudge whether bases and assumptions hold, explain the causes of discrepancies, and be responsible for the analysis conclusions.
AI primarily changesDraft reports and charts, trend statements, and material layout can be carried by systems.
Human responsibility remainsVerify whether tool output is consistent with the original data and the budget basis, and judge whether to report and document.
AI primarily changesPolicy and rule searches, draft budget statements, and presentation materials can be generated by tools.
Human responsibility remainsConfirm the applicable procedures and authorization boundary, judge whether external submission or funding commitments are permitted, and bear compliance responsibility.
The following is the five-step verification process suggested editorially on this page, which must be applied per institutional rules; it is not a mandatory system that the source requires all institutions to implement uniformly.
First confirm the current period's basis and policy grounds, data sources and assumptions, system authority, and the boundary of what you may prepare and submit externally.
Editorial suggestion: judge from the task and data authority whether you can assist with aggregation, initial variance screening, option comparison, code lookups, and drafting materials; verify calculations and applicable rules, and do not limit all assisting uses to draft documents.
Review each item of tool output against the original data, budget basis, and institutional requirements, and judge whether there are deviations or overreach.
Keep data sources, bases, assumptions, adjustment reasons, and responsible persons so that the analysis process is traceable.
Basis adjustments, funding recommendations, and external submission are confirmed and documented by authorized personnel and units per the rules.
Wrong bases or assumptions lead to biased budget and cost conclusions, which in turn affect resource allocation and compliance.
Control: Editorial suggestion: keep verifiable sources and validation for data, calculations, and tool recommendations used in real budgets, and determine review responsibility per applicable internal controls; tools do not approve automatically, and not all validated output need be called a draft forever.
Leakage of undisclosed financial and personnel information may lead to compliance and legal consequences.
Control: Handle on a minimum-knowledge and minimum-authority basis; financial data must not be placed on unauthorized external platforms or tools.
An analysis process that cannot be traced cannot be reproduced in review, audit, or disputes, and responsibility becomes hard to assign.
Control: Record data sources and versions, bases and assumptions, reasons for modification, and responsible persons.
Directly applying bases from different institutions, different years, or different fund natures will produce wrong conclusions.
Control: Fix the basis baseline by institution and fund nature; when changing it, record the reasons and scope of impact and re-verify.
Committing funds beyond authority or submitting unconfirmed data externally will cause procedural defects and a responsibility vacuum.
Control: Confirm authorization and the reviewer before preparation and submission; stop and report when beyond your own authorization and training scope.
Editorial suggestion: learning the basics, applying for internships, and verifying qualifications can proceed in parallel, building evidence through supervised data verification, variance analysis, and reporting tasks; completing the entire process first is not a condition for applying for a certificate or internship. Enterprise, public budget, and performance positions are verified separately for duties and authority.
Use digital tools in reviewable steps such as data aggregation and basis validation, initial trend and variance screening, report and chart generation, and policy and rule searches; basis judgment, assumption setting, funding recommendations, and external submission must still rest with people.
Before introducing tools, clarify the usable steps, the scope of knowledge of financial and personnel data, system authority and review boundaries, and the responsible persons for records and review, ensuring that any output returns to a traceable data source and budget basis.
Focus training on accounting and economics fundamentals, budget preparation and execution procedures, cost and benefit analysis methods, data analysis and reporting tools, and the habit of writing out bases and assumptions, while also training the habit of verifying tool output and the awareness of reporting doubtful points.
Insufficient evidence: no overall replacement probability or AI-attributed headcount reduction proportion was obtained in this round. Authorized personnel are responsible for the analysis and submission, which does not guarantee that the occupation as a whole will not be replaced.
Source: O*NET occupation summary / detailed informationOriginal source ↗
Hiring software involves SQL and Visual Basic, but this is not a uniform programming threshold for all positions; verify spreadsheet, BI, database, and analysis requirements against the real position, and study together with accounting, economics, statistics, and budget systems, without claiming that no coding is ever needed.
Source: O*NET technology list / detailed informationOriginal source ↗
Data aggregation and basis validation, initial variance and trend screening, report and chart generation, and policy and rule searches, among others; these steps are reviewable and traceable.
Source: O*NET detailed information / this page's method noteOriginal source ↗
O*NET has been updated to employment of 50400 in 2025, growth of a rounded 2% from 2025 to 2035 (Slower than average 1%—2%), and 2900 annual openings; BLS Table 1.2 gives exact 1.9%, 51300 for 2035, and a net increase of 1000, with each figure rounded independently, without recalculating from the endpoint difference of 900, and not an AI attribution.
Source: O*NET occupation summary (employment and projection fields)Original source ↗
Tools can assist in searching rules, checking assumptions, and forming funding recommendations; confirmation of applicability and approval are still handled by the entity that actually has the authority. Government budgets and statutory adjustments in China are examined and approved in accordance with law by the corresponding people's congress or its standing committee, and specific execution duties are verified separately; for enterprises, verify governance authorization, and do not uniformly call the approval authority the competent department.
Source: This page's method note / Budget Law of the People's Republic of ChinaOriginal source ↗
Insufficient evidence: this round examined O*NET tasks, BLS projections, and existing ILO research and obtained no basis for a disappearance year for this occupation; a year is not inferred from task exposure.
Source: This page's method noteOriginal source ↗
Editorial suggestion: study accounting, economics, and statistics, budget systems, and spreadsheet analysis in parallel based on your existing foundation, test your understanding with supervised small tasks, and then gradually expand the process; tools and the business domain help each other, and completing the full closed loop is not set as everyone's first step.
Source: O*NET training and education information / custom occupation profileOriginal source ↗
The internal directional differences in this occupation are mainly in business domain: enterprise budget and cost analysis, public sector budget and performance management, project and special fund management, and financial shared services and system support, each with different bases, procedures, and authority; when choosing a direction, verify the preparation and review authority, applicable rules, and data scope rather than looking only at the position name.
Insufficient evidence: no official or verifiable source supports a monthly salary range for this occupation in other regions.
The National Bureau of Statistics 2025 industry and major occupational group tables have been examined, and no precise national occupational wage was obtained; business services, education, and public administration are listed only as matching employer background and a real gap.
| Conditions to verify | Position direction | Notes and verification suggestions |
|---|---|---|
| Should verify the education and coursework for budget support positions | Budget and cost analysis positions in enterprise finance departments; budget preparation and execution positions in the public sector. | This is an editorial verification direction, not a Chinese recruitment education sample; relevant coursework, practice, and preparation and submission authority are verified against the target position. |
| Should verify the capabilities and institutional experience for advanced positions | Budget management supervisor; head of cost analysis; fiscal and performance management positions. | In mainland China, government budgets and related department units are verified against the current 2018 amendment of the Budget Law for preparation, review, approval, execution, and adjustment; enterprise internal budgets are verified against the applicable accounting system, governance, and unit authorization, and government budget procedures are not generalized to all enterprise budgets. |
| Should verify multi-line analysis and quality responsibility | Head of financial analysis; head of the budget and performance management department; quality management positions at a financial shared service center. | Budget approval and external submission authority remain exercised by the unit and the competent department per the rules and are not automatically acquired through years of experience. |
| Should verify cross-industry experience and actual authorization | Group budget management positions; cross-departmental resource allocation and analysis positions. | Cross-industry experience can serve as capability material; working in budget and finance in mainland China still requires compliance with domestic accounting, budget, and data rules. |
When comparing different opportunities, confirm the form of employment (enterprise, public institution, government purchase of services, or financial outsourcing), the closing and budget cycle, the performance and bonus basis, and who bears system and training costs, and put the terms in a written agreement.
Business services related employer background: 2025 non-private 110,162 yuan/year, for reference only when the actual employer belongs to this category, covering many positions and not an occupational wage.
Private units in the same category 68,919 yuan/year; this is not an interchangeable coverage scope with non-private units and is not a proxy for all budget analysis positions.
2025 education non-private 133,539 and private 63,908 yuan/year; public administration, social security, and social organizations non-private 119,465 yuan/year. Verify the background against the actual employer; none are occupational values, and no zero is filled in for a missing private public administration value.
Insufficient evidence: no material on how digital tools affect mainland China wage statistics or the classification basis for budget analysts was obtained in this round; existing industry averages still cannot fill the precise wage gap for this occupation.
| Not an individual monthly income |
| The median is an annual wage of 91,640 dollars; it describes the midpoint of the whole distribution and does not represent an individual's take-home income. |
| 90th percentile | 136,660 dollars/year (90th percentile) | Official conversion, not an individual take-home wage | The 90th percentile of 136,660 dollars per year is the high end of the distribution, not a seniority guarantee or a universal level. |
|---|
Salary · 10th percentile：62,250 dollars/year (10th percentile)；The 10th percentile hourly wage is 29.93 dollars, and wages below this percentile may still exist； it is not the absolute lower bound of the distribution or a starting salary promise.；O*NET national percentiles
Salary · 25th percentile：75,320 dollars/year (25th percentile)；The hourly wage at the 25th percentile on the same basis is 36.21 dollars. ；BLS 2025 wage percentiles displayed by O*NET
Salary · median：91,640 dollars/year (median)；The corresponding hourly median is 44.06 dollars, and the median does not equal an entry-level wage. ；BLS 2025 wage percentiles displayed by O*NET
Salary · 75th percentile：114,220 dollars/year (75th percentile)；The hourly wage at the 75th percentile on the same basis is 54.91 dollars. ；BLS 2025 wage percentiles displayed by O*NET
Salary · 90th percentile：136,660 dollars/year (90th percentile)；The 90th percentile hourly wage is 65.70 dollars； a percentile is not a seniority level, and an individual starting salary is not inferred from the percentile.；O*NET national wage percentiles
The median is not an entry-level wage: it means half of practitioners earn above and half below that value; the 10th and 25th percentiles are closer to the low end of the distribution, but are still affected by industry, institution size, and form of employment.
Hourly and annual wages are two presentations of the same OEWS basis (the statistics are converted to a standard work year), and individual take-home income, performance bonuses, or overtime income cannot be inferred from them.
National wages come from the 2025 OEWS shown by O*NET; projections use BLS Table 1.2, and the five industry wages come from the BLS OOH2025 industry table for this occupation, while industry shares are separately for 2024.
Actual earnings are also affected by the form of employment (enterprise, government, public institution, or outsourcing), institution size, the performance and bonus basis, and region.
| Industry | Median annual wage for this occupation within that industry (USD/year) | How to understand this value |
|---|---|---|
| Federal government | 103,380 dollars/year (2025 median) | Median annual wage for this occupation in the federal government, not all government positions. |
| Professional, scientific, and technical services | 101,850 dollars/year (2025 median) | Median annual wage for this occupation in that industry, not inferred from 2024 shares. |
| Local government (excluding education and hospitals) | 86,280 dollars/year (2025 median) | The classification explicitly excludes education and hospitals and cannot be generalized to all local units. |
| State government (excluding education and hospitals) | 83,980 dollars/year (2025 median) | Median state government wage for this occupation, distinguished from local government and education. |
O*NET education responses are 77% bachelor's, 13% high school or equivalent, and 8% master's; the typical BLS entry is a bachelor's degree with experience accepted as a substitute. Actual conditions are verified against the position, and wage increases are not inferred from education responses.
O*NET2024 shares are government 50%, education 16%, professional and technical 10%, and other 24%; the table below shows 2025 occupation × industry median annual wages, and shares cannot be treated as wages or converted into headcounts.
Should verify the analysis scope, reporting responsibility, system use, and the pay contract; do not claim that one duty is more important than aggregation or assert an unverified wage premium.
BLS Table 1.2 base； the O*NET2024 industry structure is not used to convert the 2025 headcount by percentage.；BLS occupational projections Table 1.2
Projected 51,300 in 2035, a net increase of 1,000； rounded independently, and the OOH rounds to 2%, not an AI causal finding.；BLS occupational projections Table 1.2
Annual openings include replacement needs and are not net additions or a hiring guarantee.；BLS occupational projections Table 1.2
Which Holland interest type is closer to budget analysts?
O*NET six interest scores C100/E65/I45/S21/A10/R0, and the summary code CEI is the top three types, not an individual threshold. Among the 41 specific interest areas, accounting 91, office 78, finance 74, management 53, and mathematics and statistics 36 are read separately, and an area cannot be treated as an exclusive subcategory of a type.
Do not use it this way: Note: if your interest test result matches the occupational interest code, it only means the direction is close, and does not mean you already have the practical abilities needed for budget review, cost analysis, and report preparation.
Test my Holland career interestsWhich Big Five traits are more relevant to this job?
Editorial verification suggestion: observe detailed calculation, acceptance of correction, and multi-party communication; do not treat personality scores as proof of these abilities.
Do not use it this way: Note: treating personality scores as ability conclusions is a common misuse; this page does not provide score thresholds or personality type lists.
View my Big Five personality traitsCan MBTI be used to judge whether I fit budget analysts?
This page does not use MBTI types to predict competence or hiring in this occupation; preference questions may be organized, and actual ability is judged by work output. The specific validity gap is explained in this group, and it is not asserted that all official materials lack a conclusion.
Do not use it this way: Note: this page does not list any "best fit" type, nor does it endorse screening candidates by it.
Learn about my MBTI preferencesCan the Enneagram tell me whether I fit this occupation?
This page does not use Enneagram labels for competence, hiring, or long-term training decisions for this occupation; preference discussions must return to actual calculation and debriefs, and the specific validity gap is explained in this group.
Do not use it this way: Note: this page does not provide a correspondence between types and positions.
Explore my Enneagram patternsCan I be a budget analyst if I am not good at math?
O*NET knowledge: economics and accounting 86 and mathematics 76, with activities of getting information 87, processing information 86, and analyzing 75; mathematical knowledge includes broader methods and is not only simple calculation. The entry paper exercise only practices units and variance ratios and does not cover all of the profession's mathematical ability, and there is no individual score threshold.
Do not use it this way: Note: this page does not treat any test score as a basis for admission or elimination.
Learn about my intelligence and reasoning performanceDo budget analysts need high emotional intelligence?
Editorial suggested observation: whether you can clearly explain assumptions, record objections, and proceed per procedures amid departmental resource demands and questioning; no specific predictive validity of emotional ability scales for this occupation was obtained in this round, and test scores do not replace budget training or authorization.
Do not use it this way: Note: this page does not provide emotional ability thresholds, nor does it equate high scores with competence.
Learn about my emotional intelligenceFits better when: Willing to do funding arrangements and financial decisions, and to accept management duties and responsibility.
Watch for: What transfers is budget and cost understanding; the duty shifts from analysis to decision-making and management.
Explore related career: Financial ManagersFits better when: Willing to handle bookkeeping, vouchers, and audit working papers, and to accept periodic closing and audit cooperation.
Watch for: Needs additional accounting standards and audit methods training; the object shifts from resource allocation to bookkeeping and compliance judgments.
Explore related career: Accountants and AuditorsFits better when: Willing to do valuation modeling and industry research, and to accept research cycles and conclusion pressure.
Watch for: Needs additional financial modeling and industry analysis ability; responsible for investment judgments rather than budget bases.
Explore related career: Financial and Investment AnalystsFits better when: Willing to do process diagnosis and improvement, and to accept a project-based consulting rhythm.
Watch for: What transfers is analysis and communication ability; the object shifts from budgets to organizations and processes.
Explore related career: Management AnalystsFits better when: Willing to handle client deposits and withdrawals, transaction records, and cash verification, and to accept counter service and institutional operating standards.
Watch for: U.S. Tellers address financial institution client transactions; they cannot be directly equated with Chinese enterprise cashiers, and a transfer requires verification of the specific institution's training, transaction authority, and position requirements.
Explore related career: Bank Tellers (U.S. Tellers)Fits better when: Willing to do daily bookkeeping and reconciliation, and to accept highly repetitive processing work.
Watch for: What transfers is data verification ability; the business domain shifts from budgets to general bookkeeping.
Explore related career: Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing ClerksRather than a certain personality, it is a certain way of working: verifying data item by item per procedures, staying consistent amid resource competition and multi-party demands, and reporting and documenting discrepancies per the rules. O*NET work activities emphasize getting information, processing information, and analyzing data.
U.S. work context Q&A shows 100% use email every day, 64% talk on the phone every day, 64% have face-to-face discussions every day, and 59% are in constant contact with others. Editorial suggested observation: whether you can confirm budget bases and discrepancies in multi-party communication and follow up on handling; no comparative validity research between extroversion and this performance was obtained on this page.
Communication interest can be used as a clue for trying tasks; observe whether you can explain discrepancies and accept verification. No specific causal or comparative validity evidence of extroversion for competence in this occupation was obtained in this round, and fit is not decided by expressiveness.
Insufficient evidence: no evidence that a particular MBTI type is best for this occupation was obtained in this round; no type list is given, and hiring is not predicted from preference labels.
O*NET six interest scores C100/E65/I45/S21/A10/R0, and the summary code CEI is the top three types, not an individual threshold. Among the 41 specific interest areas, accounting 91, office 78, finance 74, management 53, and mathematics and statistics 36 are read separately, and an area cannot be treated as an exclusive subcategory of a type.
No. Personality and interest tools have limited validity and cannot replace work samples, supervised analysis practice, and reviewable outputs; this page uses them only to raise verification questions.
First use BU01/BU02 to experience unit verification, quarterly variance, and recording unknown items; if mathematics is not yet familiar, self-check using the given formulas. The O*NET frequencies are U.S. group data and are not used, alone or from a single exercise, to directly judge an individual as unsuited.
Editorial suggested observation: whether you can clearly explain assumptions, record objections, and proceed per procedures amid departmental resource demands and questioning; no specific predictive validity of emotional ability scales for this occupation was obtained in this round, and test scores do not replace budget training or authorization.
This page does not use Enneagram labels to judge budget analysis competence or hiring; self-reflection questions may be organized, but training investment must be based on actual calculation and debriefs. The specific predictive validity gap is explained in this group.
Use BU01 to check three errors and same-quarter variances and the two-option calculation in BU02 to judge whether you want to keep practicing; paper accuracy does not equal basic competence, hiring, or preparation authority.
Possible consequence：Wrong bases or assumptions or unclear data sources lead to biased budget and cost conclusions and affect resource allocation.
How to reduce risk：Verify data sources and bases item by item per procedures, and keep the calculation process and adjustment reasons for traceability.
Evidence：O*NET detailed profile · FermatMind editorial verification suggestions (not legal or intervention evidence)
Typical scenario：Taking financial data out of the office or disclosing budget and compensation information to unrelated persons.
Roles most affected：Financial data and personnel information positions
Possible consequence：Leakage of undisclosed financial, compensation, and personnel information may lead to compliance and legal consequences.
How to reduce risk：Handle on a minimum-knowledge and minimum-authority basis, comply with institutional confidentiality requirements, and do not place data on unauthorized platforms.
Evidence：O*NET detailed profile · Valid full text of the 2024 Accounting Law (reposted by the tax authority) · FermatMind editorial verification suggestions (not legal or intervention evidence)
Typical scenario：Verbally committing funds or adjusting bases, or submitting data externally that has not been reviewed.
Roles most affected：External submission and funding recommendation positions
Possible consequence：Committing funds beyond authority or submitting unconfirmed data externally will cause procedural defects and a responsibility vacuum.
How to reduce risk：Prepare and recommend within the authorized scope; external submission and commitments must be confirmed and documented by authorized personnel and units.
Evidence：Budget Law of the People's Republic of China (government budgets) · Valid full text of the 2024 Accounting Law (reposted by the tax authority) · FermatMind editorial verification suggestions (not legal or intervention evidence)
Typical scenario：Editorial risk scenario: when processing reports continuously, verification may be omitted, leaving unverified items to be made up after submission; no causal research on attention changes and errors in this occupation was obtained.
Roles most affected：Crew and quality positions
Possible consequence：Insufficient evidence: no incidence rate or causal research on errors caused by peak workload in this occupation was obtained in this round. BLS describes overtime and pressure at budget milestones, and the staged review below is an editorial suggestion, not a proven intervention effect.
How to reduce risk：Editorial suggestion: verify per real shifts and staffing, first checking the period, units, and total-subtotal cross-footing of different tables; additional checkpoints are determined by the unit's internal controls, and rotation or mandatory staging must not be described as a proven risk intervention.
Evidence：BLS description of budget analyst work hours and pressure · FermatMind editorial verification suggestions (not legal or intervention evidence)
Typical scenario：Carrying over old bases to handle business under new policies, or only formally communicating new policies.
Roles most affected：Rules and process management positions
Possible consequence：Being unfamiliar with new policies or rule updates may cause basis misuse and repeated errors.
How to reduce risk：Establish a policy update and training mechanism, and feed error debrief conclusions back into operating manuals and verification checklists.
Evidence：Budget Law of the People's Republic of China (government budgets) · Valid full text of the 2024 Accounting Law (reposted by the tax authority) · FermatMind editorial verification suggestions (not legal or intervention evidence)
Typical scenario：Archiving that is missing key bases, or supplementing records afterwards without explaining the reason for the supplement.
Roles most affected：Audit and inspection cooperation positions
Possible consequence：Incomplete bases and records affect audits and inspections and make the analysis and decision process hard to reconstruct.
How to reduce risk：Organize and file bases, assumptions, and adjustment records as required to ensure the process is traceable.
Evidence：Valid full text of the 2024 Accounting Law (reposted by the tax authority) · FermatMind editorial verification suggestions (not legal or intervention evidence)
| Entry-level positions | What you mainly do early in the job | What to verify with the employer | How to prove yourself without experience | How it differs from other directions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Budget and analysis position in an enterprise finance department | Collect budget needs, verify data and bases, prepare consolidation tables, and learn cost analysis methods under supervision. | Verify the required coursework, budget data authority, cycle, and review requirements, and do not treat a major name as a uniform Chinese entry threshold. | Submit a supervised data verification and consolidation record noting bases and assumptions. | This path does not independently approve budgets or commit funds externally; the position's preparation and submission authority must be verified. |
| Public sector budget and performance management position | Assist in preparing departmental budgets, organizing execution data and performance indicators, and learn budget procedures and rule requirements. | Verify the statutory procedures and specific recruitment conditions for government budget preparation and submission positions. | Submit a sample budget preparation and execution tracking statement. | Budget review and approval proceed per statutory procedures, and individuals may not adjust or commit on their own. |
| Project and special fund management position | Assist with project cost breakdown, funding matching, and execution tracking, and learn the use requirements for special funds. | Verify contract terms, funding sources, and adjustment approval responsibility. | Submit a project cost breakdown and fund use statement. | The use and adjustment of special funds must follow rules and agreements. |
| Financial shared services and system support position | Responsible for data standards, report templates, and system configuration maintenance, supporting the budget and analysis processes of each unit. | Verify system access, configuration changes, and template review duties. | Submit a data standards and report template statement. | System configuration and basis changes require authorization and review. |
| Transition from adjacent trades (accounting, cashiering, management analysis) | Take on bookkeeping verification, data aggregation, and process mapping tasks and become familiar with the basic methods of budget and cost analysis. | Verify which tasks the prior experience can transfer and which methods and authority still need to be added. | Submit a reviewable analysis record compiled from an existing position and explain the gap relative to budget analysis. | Adjacent experience does not equal budget preparation and review authorization; a transfer requires additional training in procedures, bases, and analysis. |
O*NET new-entrant education requirement Q&A: 77% bachelor's, 13% high school or equivalent, 8% master's; this is not the educational composition of current practitioners. JobZone4/SVP7 through below 8 are preparation summaries; the typical BLS entry is a bachelor's degree / None related experience / None on-the-job training, which does not rule out specific employer training. According to the OOH, some experience may substitute for education, some employers prefer a master's degree, and professional certification is optional.
The typical BLS entry is a bachelor's degree, some experience may substitute, and professional certification is optional; actual conditions are verified with the target employer.
In mainland China, government budgets and related department units are verified against the current 2018 amendment of the Budget Law for preparation, review, approval, execution, and adjustment; enterprise internal budgets are verified against the applicable accounting system, governance, and unit authorization, and government budget procedures are not generalized to all enterprise budgets.
Preparation, review, approval, submission, and system access are verified separately; training records do not automatically grant authorization.
15 tasks (12Core/1Supplemental/2New), 41 general and 10 detailed activities and 57 context items; getting information 87, processing information 86, 100% daily email, and 83% continuous sitting are U.S. group data and are not used as individual standards.
The interest code CEI is not an individual threshold; BU01/02 provides reviewable deliverables, and competence is not judged by personality tests.
BU01 fictional, same 2026 first quarter, RMB yuan, expenditures positive and consistently based: A approved budget 100,000, actual 110,000; B approved budget 80,000, draft actual 9 (labeled in yuan), and the original consolidation table states the actual is 9 ten-thousand yuan. The draft says A is 10% under budget, B's actual is 9 yuan, and the total is not over budget. There is only this quarter, and no monthly or prior-year data is provided.
BU02 the same one-year options: option A initial cost 6,000, known maintenance cost 1,000, estimated savings 9,000; option B initial cost 4,000, maintenance cost unknown, estimated savings 7,000. The savings values are all estimates, and whether the A and B estimates can be realized and whether the options are approved are unknown. The given rule is net benefit = estimated savings − initial cost − maintenance cost, and net benefit rate = net benefit ÷ total cost.
Use only pen and paper or an ordinary spreadsheet, about 90 minutes; all inputs are fictional, no connection to a real financial system, and not for submission or approval materials.
1 Error check table: list the draft's three errors, the BU01 basis, and the corrections; 2 variance table: budget/actual/difference/difference rate, where difference = actual − budget and rate = difference ÷ budget, with a positive value indicating overspending.
3 Option comparison table: compute the computable items per BU02 and list the unknowns, and judge whether a best option can be selected; the one-page debrief notes the quarter, units, and the estimate and approval boundaries. Do not fabricate monthly trends or error causes from the quarterly totals.
BU01: A difference +10,000, +10%; B9 ten-thousand yuan = 90,000, difference +10,000, +12.5%; total budget 180,000, actual 200,000, difference +20,000, +11.11% (shown to two decimals). The three errors are A under by 10% → over by 10%, B9 yuan → 90,000 yuan, and total not over → over by 20,000 yuan.
Save the three draft items, the original basis, and the corrections, the A/B and total quarterly variances, and the unit conversion, without using real institutional data.
Check the 180,000 and 200,000 totals and the positive overspending direction; do not treat this paper result as a qualification or approval authority.
Per the given reference, compute A as 7,000/2,000/28.57%, and keep m as unknown for B; explain that no best option can be selected.
First self-check numerators, denominators, period, and units, and save the correction process; outside expert opinions can be added later and are not a prerequisite for this exercise.
Record the three errors, quarterly variances, option estimates, and the three types of unknowns, and state clearly that the cause of the overrun was not given; do not disguise this as real performance.
Compare against the reference deliverable, record your own draft and revision and why you corrected it, and do not fill unverified data with zero.
Pen and paper suffice; if a spreadsheet is used, record the formulas, unit conversions, and manual recalculation method.
Keep the original BU01/02 prompt, drafts, corrections, and unknown items, and do not write recommendations or approval requests as already executed.
| Stage | Possible focus | Observational evidence | Usage boundary |
|---|---|---|---|
| Before applying | Verify the form of employment (enterprise, government department, public institution, or financial outsourcing) and the closing and budget cycle and qualification and training requirements, and prepare supervised practical training or project records. | An analysis record noting bases and assumptions; able to explain clearly the difference between a budget analysis position and a bookkeeping position. | Do not treat knowing Excel or having studied accounting as proof of being able to independently approve budgets, and do not promise matters beyond your own authorization; application materials are for reference only, and preparation and submission authority must be confirmed after onboarding per the rules. |
| During the interview | Scenario question: how to handle a situation where a department's budget estimate differs greatly from historical data, or the basis is inconsistent with the rules. | Able to first describe the sequence of verifying data sources and bases, asking for guidance and documenting per procedures, and then forming the analysis conclusion. |
Verify the distinction between budget analysis recommendations and approvals, and distinguish government budget law from enterprise internal budgets; do not apply a single jurisdictional conclusion to all enterprises.
Copy the original budget and actual, and convert B9 ten-thousand yuan into 90,000 yuan; list the three draft errors and their basis.
The A and B differences are both 10,000 yuan, with rates of 10% and 12.5%. The total difference is 20,000 yuan, 11.11%; this is not a monthly trend.
Compute cost 7,000, net benefit 2,000, and 28.57%, and note that the savings are an estimate.
Write B as 4,000+m and 3,000−m with m unknown; also record that realization of the estimates and approval are unknown, so no best option can be selected.
Check units, direction, denominators, and period against the given answers, and save the draft and corrections; finding an expert is not required.
| Qualification / status | Mainly suited to whom | Practical role in job hunting | Whether it is a universal entry threshold | Application / registration conditions | Level of investment | Important limitations |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bachelor's degree (United States) | People planning to work in this occupation in the United States long term | 77% of O*NET respondents consider it necessary, making it a common requirement. | It is not a hard threshold for all employers. | Depends on the professional direction (accounting, finance, economics, public administration, etc.) and institutional requirements. | Verify against the actual coursework and fees | Education itself does not equal preparation and review authority. |
Typical scope：Can complete data collection, basis verification, and consolidation table preparation under supervision.
Readiness evidence：Can record bases and assumptions per procedures and identify situations requiring guidance.
Credential boundary：Boundary: budget approval and external commitments are handled by positions with the corresponding authority.
Next moves：Training needed: accounting and budget fundamentals, and spreadsheet and report standards.
Typical scope：Can independently complete routine budget review, trend analysis, and cost-benefit comparison and handle common discrepancies.
Readiness evidence：Can prepare and explain budget reports and adjustment recommendations.
Credential boundary：Boundary: changes to bases and assumptions require review confirmation.
Next moves：Training needed: analysis methods, bases and rules, and reporting and communication.
Typical scope：Can coordinate budget plans and resource allocation analysis across multiple business lines and report to management.
Readiness evidence：Can participate in budget rule and process optimization.
Credential boundary：Boundary: rules and major adjustments require approval per institutional procedures.
Next moves：Training needed: business understanding, project management, and process design.
Typical scope：Can be responsible for the quality and capability development of the budget and cost analysis line.
Readiness evidence：Can be responsible for analysis quality and data consistency.
Credential boundary：Boundary: major matters must be decided per institutional governance procedures.
Next moves：Training needed: quality management, team management, and system development.
Typical scope：Can organize departmental budget materials and execution data under supervision and learn budget procedures and rules.
Readiness evidence：Can complete materials in the required format and basis and identify steps requiring guidance.
Credential boundary：Boundary: budget review and approval proceed per statutory procedures.
Next moves：Training needed: budget procedures and official document and report standards.
Typical scope：Can independently prepare departmental budgets and execution analysis and support performance indicator organization and statements.
Readiness evidence：Can advance preparation and submission per milestones.
Credential boundary：Statutory government budget adjustments are submitted for approval to the corresponding people's congress or its standing committee under Articles 67/69; Article 71 has a special transfer payment exception, Article 72 transfers follow fiscal rules, and Article 73 has separate filing. Departmental material submission is verified against specific rules, and not all submission and transfers are described as statutory approval.
Next moves：Training needed: budget and performance management, and interpretation of rules and policies.
Typical scope：Can complete project cost breakdown, funding matching, and execution record organization under supervision.
Readiness evidence：Can record fund use per agreements and rules.
Credential boundary：Boundary: fund use and adjustments must follow rules and agreements.
Next moves：Training needed: cost and contract fundamentals and fund management standards.
Typical scope：Can independently complete project budget preparation, fund use analysis, and execution reports.
Readiness evidence：Can identify overspending or improper use and report it.
Credential boundary：Boundary: fund adjustments must follow agreements and approval procedures.
Next moves：Training needed: cost control, contract and funding terms, and report preparation.
Typical scope：Can coordinate multi-project funding and cost management and participate in bid and contract financial terms review.
Can complete data collection, basis verification, aggregation, and basic analysis under supervision, document per procedures, and identify situations requiring guidance.
Can independently complete routine budget review, cost analysis, and report preparation, handle common discrepancies, and escalate per the rules.
Can take on budget coordination and reporting for multiple business lines, participate in basis and process design, and mentor newcomers.
Can be responsible for the quality and compliance cooperation of budget and cost analysis, organize training and debriefs, and participate in system and rule optimization.
United States · exact
Growth of 1.9% (2,900 annual openings)
Growth rate and annual openings
BLS Table 1.2 growth 1.9% and 2,900 annual openings; the OOH rounds to 2%.
Does not establish：Net increase of 1,000 and a projection of 51,300; rounded independently, not recalculated from the endpoint difference of 900, and not an AI attribution or a hiring guarantee.
Mainland China · industry_proxy
Insufficient evidence: no national occupational wage and employment distribution for this occupation was obtained
Industry category average wage (explicit proxy basis)
Business services non-private 110,162 and private 68,919 yuan/year, only related employer background; education and public administration are in the China wage section, and none replace occupational values.
Does not establish：This basis is the industry category average wage, mixing many positions, and is not this occupation's occupational median; this page uses it only as an explicit proxy and retains the occupation-level gap.
These are capability relationships, not automatic promotions or credential waivers.
Transfers：Transferable task clues: budget and cost understanding, financial analysis, and communication.
Build next：Editorial suggestion: add financial planning, fund management, and actual management duties.
View career profileTransfers：Transferable task clues: bookkeeping data verification, budget and variance analysis.
Build next：Editorial suggestion: add the applicable accounting standards, financial statements, and audit methods, and verify the target qualification separately.
View career profileTransfers：Transferable task clues: data analysis, financial understanding, and reporting.
Build next：Editorial suggestion: add investment target research, valuation, and target-field data.
View career profileTransfers：Transferable task clues: analyzing business data, explaining conclusions, and communication.
Build next：Editorial suggestion: add organizational research, process diagnosis, and improvement recommendations.
View career profileTransfers：Transferable task clues: accurate number verification, records, and communication.
Build next：Editorial suggestion: add financial institution cash and client transaction procedures and counter systems.
View career profileTransfers：Transferable task clues: entry, number verification, filing, and discrepancy records.
Build next：Editorial suggestion: add bookkeeping records, accounts, and specific bookkeeping software.
View career profileTransfers：Transferable task clues: cost breakdown, data analysis, and resource estimation.
Build next：Editorial suggestion: add cost estimation methods and technical knowledge by engineering, production, or service object.
View career profileTransfers：Transferable task clues: financial understanding, budget, and reporting experience.
Build next：Editorial suggestion: add financial activity coordination, fund scheduling, and report management duties.
View career profileA fit signal is being able to verify data item by item per procedures and record truthfully, to stop and ask first when data is insufficient or the basis is unclear, and to accept review comments and revise accordingly; an interest in numbers or finance alone is not enough to prove competence.
Insufficient evidence: no AI adoption rate or AI-attributed headcount reduction proportion for this occupation was obtained in this round. Tools can assist aggregation and draft reports, but data and rules must be verified; responsibility arrangements do not guarantee that positions will not change.
Judgments about the applicability of bases and assumptions, cost-benefit conclusions, funding recommendations, external submission and funding commitments, and handling involving undisclosed financial and personnel information must all be confirmed by trained and authorized people.
Related professional study and budget analysis practice, the scope of preparation and review authority, the content that may be submitted externally, accounting and budget system training, and continuing education arrangements must each be verified separately; positions involving government budgets must also follow the Budget Law of the People's Republic of China and its supporting rules.
In the U.S. group in O*NET, 66% are indoors in a controlled environment every day, 83% sit continuously, and 66% use their hands continuously; hazardous conditions and radiation are 100% never and contaminants 99% never. The respondent distribution is not an individual condition or proof of no health risk.
91% are on a fixed schedule; 100% use email every day, 64% talk on the phone every day, and 64% have face-to-face discussions every day; 65% report a great deal of freedom in determining tasks and priorities and 67% report some decision freedom; 45% face time pressure every day.
U.S. SOC13-2031: employment of 50,400 in 2025, projected 51,300 in 2035, a net increase of 1,000, growth of 1.9%, and 2,900 annual openings; each figure is rounded independently, and the net increase is not recalculated from the endpoint difference of 900, and the overall projection is not an AI attribution. Moving to adjacent directions is verified separately against the target tasks and conditions; the old O*NET2024—2034 is only a historical comparison.
Insufficient evidence: no national wage for this occupation in China was obtained in this round, and the related employer industry reference is not an occupational wage. The U.S. 2025 OEWS gives the exact SOC13-2031 percentiles; the Chinese and U.S. bases differ and cannot be converted by exchange rate.
The O*NET detailed profile lists 18 categories of software skills, including budget monitoring, accounting, ERP, and database tools; the Hot page separately lists 11 specific skills, 8 of which are labeled In Demand. Among unique U.S. job postings associated with this occupation for the full year 2025, software mention percentages are: Excel34%, Office21%, PowerPoint16%; SAP/Power BI/Outlook, 7% each; Access/Word, 5% each; SharePoint3%; SQL1%. The proportion for Visual Basic was not provided and must not be treated as zero; mentions are not a deployment rate or an AI adoption rate.
Verify the work by data source, basis, access authority, review, and documentation; the O*NET exposure distribution does not prove the absence of health risk, and government budget rules and enterprise accounting and governance rules have separate scopes of application.
Mainly indoor office work and data analysis: 100% use email every day, 64% talk on the phone every day, 64% have face-to-face discussions every day, 66% work indoors in a controlled environment every day, and 83% sit continuously or almost continuously; 91% are on a fixed schedule, 45% face time pressure every day, and closing and budget cycles are more concentrated.
FermatMind career content editorial team: compiled from public materials such as O*NET, BLS, the National Bureau of Statistics, and the Budget Law of the People's Republic of China, with the basis and data period marked for each item.
Verified on 2026-10-09: O*NET profile 2026, wages, hiring, and industry 2025, projections 2025—2035. The NBS English page is actually marked as published on 2026-05-16 (the URL path May18 does not replace the page date); the 2018 Budget Law and 2024 Accounting Law follow current article numbers. Original shared historical sources and protection content are retained, and the whole page cannot be claimed to be currently consistent.
Main sources: the O*NET2026 detailed profile, 2025 hiring, wages, and industry, and the 2025—2035 projection; BLS Table 1.2 and the exact OOH occupation; the 2025 NBS industry background; and the valid full texts of the 2018 Budget Law and the 2024 Accounting Law. ILO140/NIST is the same-version general method, and editorial suggestions are marked separately.
Limitations：The task list describes the work of the occupational group and does not mean every position carries out all 15 tasks.
Limitations：U.S. occupational classification; does not directly prove mainland China's position identity, preparation authority, or rule requirements.
Limitations：The industry distribution is a statistical classification description and is not used to infer industry wages or employment size.
Limitations：The labels indicate frequency of appearance in job postings and do not mean the institution has deployed such tools or that the position has been replaced.
Limitations：Education responses and the Job Zone general preparation zone do not guarantee hiring or a uniform duration
Limitations：This occupation's exact basis; the current BLS projection and the old O*NET projection are read by period separately, and a typical education level does not equal a hard requirement for all employers.
Limitations：Provides the national wage distribution for this occupation and does not distinguish industry, institution size, or form of employment.
Limitations：Employment and projections use this occupation's basis; the Occupational Outlook Handbook's period (2025—2035) and figures differ.
Limitations：Industry and major occupational group data are not occupational wages; business services is only the related consulting and outsourcing employer background, and education and public administration are verified separately by actual attribution.
Limitations：The 2018 amended legal text reposted by the Beijing Municipal Audit Office governs government budgets and related department units; it does not automatically serve as the procedure for all enterprise internal budgets or as an occupational statistical basis.
Limitations：The law governs accounting and accounting supervision, the truthfulness and completeness of accounting books, and the responsibility of the unit head, among others; this page uses it to explain the institutional context of accounting and budget positions and does not establish an occupational statistical basis.
Limitations：The task exposure index does not provide job-count projections for a single occupation, nor is it an adoption rate or unemployment rate.
Limitations：Editorial compilation record, used to describe the basis and gaps, and not as a factual source.
Limitations：The framework provides a general structure for AI risk governance and does not constitute a compliance determination or safety guarantee for any specific system.
Limitations：The wage data on that page uses the Budget Analysts (SOC 13-2031) basis.
Limitations：Adjacent occupations must be verified separately by their own tasks, qualifications, and responsibility requirements, and cannot be swapped by name.
Limitations：The method statement describes the OEWS statistical scope and estimation basis and does not provide specific figures for a single occupation.
Limitations：In thousands, rounded independently; the overall projection is not an AI attribution, and openings are not net additions or a hiring guarantee.
Limitations：Only an adjacent definition, not this occupation's wage or a Chinese qualification; the financial institution identity of Tellers is verified separately.
Limitations：Only an adjacent definition, not this occupation's wage or a Chinese qualification; the financial institution identity of Tellers is verified separately.
Limitations：Only an adjacent definition, not this occupation's wage or a Chinese qualification; the financial institution identity of Tellers is verified separately.
Limitations：Only an adjacent definition, not this occupation's wage or a Chinese qualification; the financial institution identity of Tellers is verified separately.
Limitations：Only an adjacent definition, not this occupation's wage or a Chinese qualification; the financial institution identity of Tellers is verified separately.
Limitations：15 tasks: 12Core/1Supplemental/2New (the New items have importance NA); 41 general / 10 detailed activities / 57 context items; education is a new-entrant requirement, not educational composition; CEI100/65/45, all six types and 41 interest areas, and 20 work styles.
Limitations：Government 51%, education 15%, other 34%; the OOH government subcategories added to 50% are not equated with this page's 51%, and wages are not inferred from shares.
Limitations：50400→51300 / rounded 2% / 2900; BLS Table 1.2 gives exact 1.9% and a net increase of 1000 rounded independently, not an AI attribution.
Limitations：Article 12 principles, Article 13 approval constraints, Article 14 statutory disclosure; the adjustment scope and people's congress approval under 67/69, the special transfer exception under 71, transfers under 72 following fiscal rules, and filing under 73. Government budgets only.
Limitations：Article 4 unit head responsibility, Article 14 vouchers, Article 21 financial accounting report signing and sealing, Article 25 internal control separation of duties, Article 27 reporting of matters beyond authority, Article 36 professional capability, and Article 37 professional ethics training; the article numbers follow the 2024 full text, and old article numbers are not used.
Limitations：Task trials, pathway progression, interest and personality observations, transfer distances, and additional review are editorial suggestions; they are not recruitment frequency, assessment validity, legal permission, or risk intervention effects.
Limitations：Estimates the cost of manufacturing, engineering, or services, not only construction cost estimating; this serves only as a target definition and does not provide a transfer success rate.
Limitations：Directs all or part of an organization's financial activities, such as planning, procurement, and investment; this serves only as target duties and does not automatically grant Chinese authority.
This page uses exact U.S. occupational data; the China industry reference verifies the actual employer and does not replace occupational values; the BU01/02 three tables and one page are a paper exercise for self-checking only and do not infer real competence or approval.
Big Five（English） · MBTI (Chinese) · Enneagram (Chinese) · Intelligence and reasoning (Chinese)
| Main objects and basis |
| Core process | Collect needs, review estimates and bases, analyze reports and trends, conduct cost and benefit analysis, consolidate budgets and recommendations, prepare reports, and track execution and adjustments. | Core process |
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| Main outputs | Consistently based and verifiable budgets and cost analyses, funding application and allocation recommendations, routine and special budget reports, budget execution tracking and deviation statements, and complete basis and adjustment records. | Main outputs |
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| Responsible parties | Budget analysts are responsible for their analyses and recommendations; budget approval, accounting treatment, and external commitments are determined by the positions and institutions that actually have the authority, and duties may overlap but authority cannot be presumed from the occupational title. | Responsible parties |
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| Entry and licensing | Preparation, review, approval, submission, and funding commitments are verified separately against actual rules and position authorization; training records prove learning experience and do not automatically grant authorization. Statutory budget adjustments under Articles 67/69 of the government Budget Law are approved by the corresponding people's congress or its standing committee, Article 72 transfers follow fiscal rules, and Article 73 has separate filing; enterprise budgets follow unit governance, and not all adjustments and submissions are uniformly written as requiring approval. | Authority and approval |
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| Conclusion boundary | The analysis states "under this basis and these assumptions, what the resource needs and cost-benefit look like"; it does not equal an approval conclusion, nor does it replace audit and final account conclusions, and it will be revised as policy, operations, and data are updated. | Conclusion boundary |
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Methods and tools
Safety and work permits
Training and regulatory requirements
Pay and working hours
The O*NET detailed profile lists 18 categories of software skills, including budget monitoring, accounting, ERP, and database tools; the Hot page separately lists 11 specific skills, 8 of which are labeled In Demand. Among unique U.S. job postings associated with this occupation for the full year 2025, software mention percentages are: Excel34%, Office21%, PowerPoint16%; SAP/Power BI/Outlook, 7% each; Access/Word, 5% each; SharePoint3%; SQL1%. The proportion for Visual Basic was not provided and must not be treated as zero; mentions are not a deployment rate or an AI adoption rate.
Before using tools for budgeting, verify authority, original data, and rules separately; a hiring mention does not mean it has been deployed.
BU02 option A total cost 7,000, net benefit 2,000, net benefit rate 28.57%; for B, record maintenance cost as m, giving cost 4,000+m and net benefit 3,000−m, and m is unknown and not filled with zero. With m missing and no basis for the savings being realized, a best option or the real return cannot be determined.
The three types of unknowns are B's maintenance cost, the basis for the savings estimates being realized, and option approval; the cause of the budget overrun is also not given and is listed separately for verification, without attribution. A's computed results remain an estimated scenario. With no approval or real submission, the project cannot be claimed to have passed; next verify rates, benefit evidence, and authority.
| Do not promise unverifiable experience, qualifications, or performance in an interview; a scenario answer in an interview does not equal preparation and submission authorization. |
| Probation period | Complete data verification, aggregation, basic analysis, and report drafting under supervision, and accept item-by-item checks of bases and calculations. | Data sources and calculation processes complete and reviewable, discrepancies reported promptly, documentation clear; do not adjust bases or submit externally without authorization. | Analysis conclusions and external materials during probation must be confirmed by review and may not be submitted alone; which matters require review and which require supervisor approval follow the rules and authorization. |
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| 90 days after onboarding | Verify per plan whether training and authority records, the scope of what may be prepared and submitted, and actual duties are consistent, and assess data quality and review discipline. | Verify the analysis tasks you may take on against actual training, assessment, and authorization; 90 days is a review milestone and does not guarantee independent competence. | The authorization scope and the performance and bonus basis must be confirmed in writing, not replaced by verbal promises; whether duties and the submission scope can be expanded must be based on assessment and approval, not inferred from probation performance. |
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Organize the three tables and one page, and record the reasons for continuing to practice or for comparing bookkeeping and management directions; do not treat this as real competence or budget approval.
| High school or equivalent (United States) |
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| People checking whether the target position accepts high school or equivalent education or related experience |
| O*NET13% of responses say new entrants need a high school or equivalent education, which is not the share of positions or practitioners. |
| Not a universal threshold; the typical BLS entry is a bachelor's degree, and some related experience may substitute for formal education. |
| Specific experience, education, and position training are verified with the target employer, and a uniform on-the-job training pathway is not inferred from 13%. |
| Verify against actual education and position training, and do not infer from 13% that entry is possible in a few weeks |
| Educational status does not affect the equal application of basis and confidentiality requirements. |
| Master's degree (United States) | People who want to deepen analytical depth and management ability | 8% of O*NET respondents consider it necessary, making it a requirement for some positions. | This is a position preference and advancement requirement. | Depends on the direction and institutional requirements. | Verify the duration and fees against the actual program, without inventing a uniform length | A degree does not automatically create preparation and submission authority. |
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| Institutional training and position practice | People entering a specific unit's position | Can help you understand your unit's rules and tasks; taking on work independently still requires verifying actual ability, duties, and authorization. | Must be verified against the specific institution's arrangements, and is not claimed to be a threshold common to all units | Must complete the training and assessment required by the institution. | Insufficient evidence: no uniform training duration and cost across institutions was obtained in this round. | Training, assessment, and approval and submission authority are verified separately |
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| Budget and accounting system requirements (mainland China) | Positions involving government budget preparation and execution | Determines the procedures and bases for budget preparation, review, execution, and adjustment. | This is a statutory requirement: it is implemented under the Budget Law of the People's Republic of China and its supporting rules. | Budgets at each level shall follow the principles of overall planning with due consideration, diligence and thrift, acting within capacity, emphasizing performance, and balancing revenue and expenditure. | Arranged per rules and the annual cycle. | Rule requirements do not replace the position's preparation and review authority. |
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| Authorization and responsibility arrangements (in writing) | All budget and analysis positions | Determines what may be prepared, who reviews it, and how it is submitted and documented. | Editorially verify the written duties and review process, with specific management requirements per institutional rules; this is not a uniform statutory precondition for all positions. | The authorization scope, review level, and documentation method must be confirmed with the institution and kept in written records. | Negotiation and confirmation time. | A written agreement does not replace the institution's obligations for data authenticity and procedural compliance. |
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Typical scope：Can coordinate budget review and performance evaluation across multiple departments and participate in rule and standards development.
Readiness evidence：Can handle review comments and explanatory matters.
Credential boundary：Boundary: major basis and rule adjustments require approval per procedures.
Next moves：Training needed: policy analysis, review organization, and communication and coordination.
Typical scope：Can be responsible for the quality and compliance cooperation of a business line and organize training and process optimization.
Readiness evidence：Can be responsible for procedural completeness and record quality.
Credential boundary：Editorial suggestion: record rule applicability disputes and submit them to the person who actually has authority in your unit; whether legal, fiscal, or other competent departments need to be involved is verified by matter and duty, and budget staff do not adjudicate on their own or refer all disputes to a fixed body.
Next moves：Training needed: compliance management, process design, and team management.
Readiness evidence：Can prepare funding plans and risk alerts.
Credential boundary：Boundary: major funding arrangements require institutional approval.
Next moves：Training needed: contract management, risk management, and project coordination.
Typical scope：Can be responsible for rule and system development for the fund management line.
Readiness evidence：Can be responsible for fund security and record completeness.
Credential boundary：Boundary: major matters must be decided per institutional governance procedures.
Next moves：Training needed: fund and compliance management, system development, and team management.
Limitations：Editorial ratings use the existing occupational responsibilities and AI task analysis on this page. They are not adoption rates, measured effects, job-disappearance or personal-unemployment probabilities, or official scores from Stanford or another external institution. No measured time weights or future robot deployment are assumed.
