Construction Laborers

Signal equipment operators to help with positioning → cooperate with carpenters, masons, plasterers and other trades → load, unload and transfer materials to designated locations → clear rubble and waste → fill in material and work records → hand over shifts and report hazards

This page compares this occupation with adjacent occupations item by item across seven dimensions: core purpose, main objects and basis, core process, main outputs, responsible party, admission and permits, and conclusion boundary. Adjacent occupations all work on construction sites, but responsibility for masonry quality, for forming formwork and carpentry work, for the finish quality of concrete surfaces, for paving and compaction quality, and for the safe operation of powered equipment does not transfer just because the work surfaces are adjacent.

Core purposes of adjacent occupations: brickmasons and blockmasons build walls and masonry structures; carpenters make and install formwork and wood framing; cement masons and concrete finishers do floating and finishing after pouring; paving, surfacing and tamping equipment operators operate paving and compaction equipment; operating engineers and other construction equipment operators operate powered construction equipment.

The task scope for construction laborers includes manual and small-machine site work; supplemental tasks such as scaffolding depend on trade training and actual duties, and not all tasks are treated as uniform position requirements.

Objects and basis of adjacent occupations: bricks and mortar (brickmasons and blockmasons), formwork and timber (carpenters), freshly poured concrete (cement masons and concrete finishers), pavers and rollers (paving, surfacing and tamping equipment operators), excavators and bulldozers and other powered equipment (operating engineers and other construction equipment operators).

Picks, shovels, pneumatic breakers, tampers, concrete mixers, small lifting machines and survey layout equipment, along with earthwork, materials and work surfaces; the basis is construction drawings and technical briefings, layout marks and elevations, on-site safety rules and the employer's operating procedures.

Processes of adjacent occupations: set out lines then build (brickmasons and blockmasons); erect formwork, then pour, then strip (carpenters); pour, then float and finish (cement masons and concrete finishers); pave, then compact (paving, surfacing and tamping equipment operators); inspect equipment then work to signals (operating engineers and other construction equipment operators).

Example editorial task chain: site conditions, clearing and layout, approved earthwork and backfill, records and handover; not every position handles shoring design or every process.

Outputs of adjacent occupations: masonry and mortar joint quality records (brickmasons and blockmasons), formwork and framing acceptance records (carpenters), surface flatness and appearance acceptance records (cement masons and concrete finishers), paving and compaction and testing records (paving, surfacing and tamping equipment operators), equipment operation and maintenance records (operating engineers and other construction equipment operators).

Clearing and layout records, trench and foundation pit excavation records, backfill compaction and elevation check records, material receipt, issue and usage records, and hazard reporting and handover records.

Responsible parties of adjacent occupations: brickmasons and blockmasons are responsible for masonry quality; carpenters for the forming quality of formwork and carpentry; cement masons and concrete finishers for surface finish quality; paving, surfacing and tamping equipment operators for paving and compaction quality; operating engineers and other construction equipment operators for safe equipment operation.

Responsible for the work you are authorized to do and for your records; U.S. OSHA1926.651(b) requires confirming the estimated location of underground installations before excavation and using an acceptable safe method to confirm the exact location when approaching them, and does not make manual test digging the only method for all scenarios; (j)(2) sets conditions such as a 2-foot setback or barricades for materials and equipment that may fall, and does not say that nothing may ever be stacked at the pit edge; (k) requires a competent person to inspect excavations and protection and to remove personnel when danger is found until protection is in place. Ordinary workers do not automatically gain shoring design or work release authority from the job title. U.S. OSHA1926.451(a)(6) requires a qualified person to design scaffolding; (f)(3) requires a competent person to inspect before each shift and after any event affecting integrity; (f)(7) requires erection, moving, dismantling and alteration to be supervised by the corresponding competent person and carried out by trained and experienced employees that person selects. Fall protection measures are checked against the specific scaffold type and applicable conditions and are not decided as usable by ordinary workers on their own; Chinese rules are checked separately.

This page does not provide preparation levels or qualification requirements for adjacent occupations; these must be checked item by item against each occupation's official pages and the target employer's current-year notices.

Current O*NET new-hire education requirements are 35% high school and 33% less than high school, listing only part of the distribution and not the number of current workers or a complete proportion; Zone1–2/SVP below 6 is a preparation level, and the zone-level training description is not a period of independent work for an individual. BLS table 1.2 shows this occupation typically requires no formal educational credential, no related experience and short-term OJT, which cannot be treated as the threshold in China or for all employers. The OOH group mostly learns on the job, and some apprenticeships are checked separately by program. Current O*NET35 certification candidates and 6 registered apprenticeship examples: Construction Craft Laborer, Maintenance Tech Municipal, Maintenance Technician, Pointer Cleaner Caulker, Pool Installer Technician, Tuckpointer Cleaner Caulker, which are not open positions or mandatory certificates in China. The OOH group notes that employers often require safety certification consistent with OSHA guidelines before or after hiring, that some positions may require a driver's license, and that certain rigging/scaffolding certifications are optional; applying for each certificate, renewal, cost and current employer conditions are checked separately.

Adjacent work surfaces do not mean roles are interchangeable: whether you take on responsibility for masonry quality, formwork and carpentry forming, concrete surface finishing, paving and compaction, or powered equipment operation determines the scope of authorization and where responsibility lies.

This round of nine modules uses 2025 wages for the employed and the 2025—2035 total projections for this occupation, with the group marked separately; the China industry background and the exact-occupation gap are kept separate.

The six items are editorial observation points tied to tasks, not a uniform risk ranking, probabilities or personal screening thresholds.

Judgment one: are the site conditions confirmed?

U.S. OSHA1926.651(b) requires confirming the estimated location of underground installations before excavation and using an acceptable safe method to confirm the exact location when approaching them, and does not make manual test digging the only method for all scenarios; (j)(2) sets conditions such as a 2-foot setback or barricades for materials and equipment that may fall, and does not say that nothing may ever be stacked at the pit edge; (k) requires a competent person to inspect excavations and protection and to remove personnel when danger is found until protection is in place. Ordinary workers do not automatically gain shoring design or work release authority from the job title.

Judgment two: are the briefing and method clear?

Editorial suggestion: check the drawings, briefing and layout marks first, and confirm with the person responsible if anything is unclear; this passage does not imply that rework is bound to happen.

Judgment three: do the tools and materials match?

Tools and materials are checked against the specific use, source materials and project requirements; U.S. OSHA1926.300(a)(b)(c) requires tools to be kept in a safe condition, guards to be provided at hazardous parts and appropriate PPE to be provided according to exposure; specific machines and continuous work arrangements are checked against actual procedures, and no promise is made that anti-vibration gloves eliminate injury or that a uniform time limit applies to all workers.

Judgment four: are shoring and protection in place?

U.S. OSHA1926.651(b) requires confirming the estimated location of underground installations before excavation and using an acceptable safe method to confirm the exact location when approaching them, and does not make manual test digging the only method for all scenarios; (j)(2) sets conditions such as a 2-foot setback or barricades for materials and equipment that may fall, and does not say that nothing may ever be stacked at the pit edge; (k) requires a competent person to inspect excavations and protection and to remove personnel when danger is found until protection is in place. Ordinary workers do not automatically gain shoring design or work release authority from the job title. U.S. OSHA1926.451(a)(6) requires a qualified person to design scaffolding; (f)(3) requires a competent person to inspect before each shift and after any event affecting integrity; (f)(7) requires erection, moving, dismantling and alteration to be supervised by the corresponding competent person and carried out by trained and experienced employees that person selects. Fall protection measures are checked against the specific scaffold type and applicable conditions and are not decided as usable by ordinary workers on their own; Chinese rules are checked separately.

Judgment five: are backfill and compaction acceptable?

Backfill, compaction and re-checking are checked against the specific design, process and authorized responsibilities, and this page does not give a uniform layer thickness, strength or restoration procedure.

Judgment six: are records and reporting complete?

Materials used, work performed and hazards should be recorded truthfully and reported promptly under the applicable procedures; missing records may hinder material reconciliation, hazard transfer and later tracing, so other valid evidence and the actual handling should be checked, and it cannot be inferred that no one handled it.

Construction laborers do physical work on construction sites, operating pneumatic breakers, tampers and small machines to clear sites, excavate trenches, erect formwork and scaffolding, move materials and clear waste, and assist other skilled trades.

27 tasks, 8Core/19Supplemental, and importance does not equal frequency. Current O*NET new-hire education requirements are 35% high school and 33% less than high school, listing only part of the distribution and not the number of current workers or a complete proportion; Zone1–2/SVP below 6 is a preparation level, and the zone-level training description is not a period of independent work for an individual. BLS table 1.2 shows this occupation typically requires no formal educational credential, no related experience and short-term OJT, which cannot be treated as the threshold in China or for all employers. The OOH group mostly learns on the job, and some apprenticeships are checked separately by program.

2025 annual percentiles for this occupation are 35,090/38,620/47,120/59,740/78,090 dollars, with a median hourly wage of 22.66 dollars. BLS table 1.2 shows this occupation 47-2061 at 2025—2035 total employment 1,489,300→1,598,600, a published net increase of 109,300 people, 7.3%, and 120,000 average annual openings including replacement. The OOH construction laborers and helpers group is listed separately at 1,674,400→1,783,000, a net increase of 108,600/about 6%/137,000; the group median wage of 46,680 dollars differs from this occupation's 47,120. Total employment includes self-employed workers and is not an AI causal claim or a guarantee of individual opportunity.

2025 average annual wages of urban non-private units in construction were 92,036 yuan and of private units 66,275 yuan, each a pre-tax industry average that includes other occupations; this is not a construction laborer range, median, percentile or starting wage. Read it by the unit's main business, and it cannot cover all labor service providers or other internal positions. GB/T4754-2017 construction 47 housing, 48 civil engineering (PDF57 / printed 51 pages), 49 installation and 50 decoration etc. (PDF58 / printed 52 pages) are used for the industry background of construction units; by the unit's main business, not directly determining the industry by an individual's work, and not proving one-to-one correspondence between Chinese and U.S. occupations.

Current O*NET industry employment shares are construction 62% and other 38% (including administrative and support services), and the page gives no exact year; the two are not split and neither is an industry wage. Of the 7 software items in 2025 U.S. Lightcast job postings, Excel, Office, Outlook and Word are each below 1%, while Revit, Windows and Primavera are NA, not 0; mention rate is not proficiency, actual adoption or AI deployment, and Revit does not therefore become a threshold for all positions.

Current O*NET new-hire education requirements are 35% high school and 33% less than high school, listing only part of the distribution and not the number of current workers or a complete proportion; Zone1–2/SVP below 6 is a preparation level, and the zone-level training description is not a period of independent work for an individual. BLS table 1.2 shows this occupation typically requires no formal educational credential, no related experience and short-term OJT, which cannot be treated as the threshold in China or for all employers. The OOH group mostly learns on the job, and some apprenticeships are checked separately by program. Current O*NET35 certification candidates and 6 registered apprenticeship examples: Construction Craft Laborer, Maintenance Tech Municipal, Maintenance Technician, Pointer Cleaner Caulker, Pool Installer Technician, Tuckpointer Cleaner Caulker, which are not open positions or mandatory certificates in China. The OOH group notes that employers often require safety certification consistent with OSHA guidelines before or after hiring, that some positions may require a driver's license, and that certain rigging/scaffolding certifications are optional; applying for each certificate, renewal, cost and current employer conditions are checked separately.

U.S. O*NET context: outdoors 81% every day and 19% at least once a month but not every week; 68% of respondents stand continuously, which is not 68% of working hours; cramped/awkward postures 60% every week, and kneeling, crouching, bending or crawling 88% less than half the time, which are different questions. Face-to-face discussions 81% every day, contact with others 58%/38%, for continuously and most of the time respectively; telephone 42%/53%, for every day and every week. Work week 18%/66%/16%, for over 40 hours, 40 hours and less; schedule 16%/53%/31%, for regular, irregular and seasonal. Deadlines 14%/83%, for every day and every week, which does not imply deadline-driven intensity. Team work 46%/19%, for very important and important; accuracy 23%/42%/19%/16%, for extremely, very, important and fairly; errors 38%/17%/32%/13%, for extremely serious, very, serious and fairly, which is not an accident rate. Decisions affecting others or the financial image 41% every day, which cannot be reduced to workmate safety only. PPE97% every day, noise 49%/32%/19%, for every day, every week and every year, hazardous equipment 19%/16%, for every week and every year, and contaminants 16% every year are selected items only, and the rest are not inferred to be zero; proportions are not illness rates. Actual organization, direction, briefing and release duties are checked per organization and are not created as a uniform Chinese process by a U.S. survey.

The six adjacent directions differ in object, authorization and responsibility: adjacent occupations all work on construction sites, but responsibility for masonry quality, for the forming quality of formwork and carpentry, for the finish quality of concrete surfaces, for paving and compaction quality, and for the safe operation of powered equipment does not transfer with them; when comparing, check the position's actual duties item by item against the seven dimensions in the comparison table on this page.

Evidence note: the occupational scope and adjacent relationships in this table are based on O*NET related occupations and the 2018 SOC classification; tasks and work context are based on the O*NET 47-2061.00 occupation details; U.S. wages and employment are based on the exact occupation scope of the O*NET national wages page and summary page (2025 wage data, 2024—2034 projections) and the construction laborers and helpers occupational group scope of the BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook (2025—2035). Adjacent relationships do not mean qualifications transfer or that positions are interchangeable.

The table below places this occupation and five adjacent occupations on the same set of dimensions: for each direction it first states the core work and outputs, then the key differences from this occupation, and finally when that direction is a better choice.

Brickmasons and blockmasons are responsible for the masonry quality of masonry structures and full mortar joints and need masonry technique and layout skills; this occupation does not carry responsibility for masonry quality and focuses on clearing, coordination and material transfer.

If you would rather learn masonry skills and work long term on walls and structures, look at the brickmasons and blockmasons direction; if you would rather do on-site coordination and multi-process assistance, look at this occupation.

Build bricks, blocks and stone with mortar to complete walls and masonry structures, producing masonry and mortar joint quality records.

Brickmasons and Blockmasons

Carpenters are responsible for the forming quality and dimensions of formwork and carpentry work and need drawing reading and woodworking skills; this occupation does not carry formwork forming responsibility and only passes materials, holds work straight and cleans up as required.

If you would rather read drawings, set out and do carpentry work, look at the carpenters direction; if you would rather support multiple trades on site with physical work, look at this occupation.

Make and install formwork, framing and finish carpentry, producing formwork and framing acceptance records.

Carpenters

Cement masons and concrete finishers are responsible for the flatness and finish quality of surfaces and need to master the timing for treating different surfaces; this occupation does not carry surface finishing responsibility and mainly takes part in preparation before pouring and assistance during pouring.

If you would rather handle surfaces and pursue appearance quality, look at the cement masons and concrete finishers direction; if you would rather do pre-pour preparation and site work, look at this occupation.

After concrete is poured, complete floating, finishing and curing, producing surface flatness and appearance acceptance records.

Cement Masons and Concrete Finishers

Paving, surfacing and tamping equipment operators are responsible for the quality of pavement paving and compaction; this occupation only provides manual assistance and compaction and leveling, and does not carry responsibility for pavement quality or testing.

If you would rather operate paving and compaction equipment and focus on smoothness and compaction, look at that direction; if you would rather do manual excavation and site coordination, look at this occupation.

Operate pavers and rollers to spread and compact asphalt or concrete, producing paving and compaction and testing records.

Paving, Surfacing, and Tamping Equipment Operators

Operating engineers and other construction equipment operators are responsible for the safe operation of equipment and the quality of the work face and need machine operation and attachment changing skills; this occupation assists within their work area and keeps clear on signals.

If you would rather learn to operate machines and take responsibility for their condition, look at that direction; if you would rather complete site work with physical effort and small machines, look at this occupation.

Operate bulldozers, excavators, motor graders and loaders and other powered construction equipment to excavate, move earth and level, producing equipment operation and maintenance records.

Operating Engineers and Other Construction Equipment Operators

Construction managers are responsible for project schedule, cost and construction organization; this occupation completes site work according to the briefing and reports hazards, and does not decide how construction is organized.

If you would rather organize construction and manage schedule and cost, look at the construction managers direction; if you would rather work hands-on on site and make the process in front of you solid, look at this occupation.

Organize construction and take responsibility for schedule, cost and site safety, producing construction organization plans and schedule and cost reports.

Construction Managers

If you are torn between two directions, first run a small experiment with a fictional site plan: mark the areas to be cleared and excavated, the known underground utilities and edges and openings, and the tools and machines you plan to use, then see whether you would rather do hands-on site work with small machines, masonry, carpentry, concrete finishing, pavement paving and compaction, or powered equipment operation and site organization.

Students still preparing to enter and career changers

First master on-site safety rules and personal protection, drawing reading and layout basics, and the use of common tools and small machines (pneumatic breakers, tampers, mixing and lifting machines), then gain hands-on opportunities through mentoring or vocational training; do not treat being able to put in physical effort as the whole threshold, because the work sequence and acceptance standards of different processes have to be practiced again.

Construction laborers already on the front line

Use digital tools to count materials and record hours, but confirming utilities on site and checking shoring and protection must still go back to the physical work and the briefing; do not let a record on a phone replace on-site verification.

Managers responsible for crews and safety

Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development Order No. 60 takes effect on 2026-06-01 and applies to special operations in building and municipal construction, with the range of trades set separately; Article 3 requires the applicable personnel to be trained, assessed and certified, and Article 22 requires at least 6 months of supervised internship after first certification, under the guidance of personnel with more than 6 years of experience in the same trade, and prohibits independent work. The specific trade catalogue has not been checked item by item, and not all construction laborers are automatically listed as certificate holders or exempt. The actual reliability of auxiliary prompts and monitoring was not obtained, and safety duties are checked against the real jurisdiction and project.

People planning to move into masonry, carpentry, concrete finishing or equipment operation

Fill in the technique and acceptance knowledge of the corresponding trade (such as masonry mortar joints, formwork dimensions, surface finishing timing, machine operation) and demonstrate readiness with verifiable outputs (masonry and mortar joint records, formwork acceptance records, surface acceptance records, equipment operation records).

Counting, recording, layout materials and hazard filing are editorial candidates pending testing and do not demonstrate actual deployment, reliability or net efficiency. Responsibility for excavation, shoring and scaffolding is checked against the applicable rules and cannot all be assigned to ordinary workers. BLS table 1.2 shows this occupation 47-2061 at 2025—2035 total employment 1,489,300→1,598,600, a published net increase of 109,300 people, 7.3%, and 120,000 average annual openings including replacement. The OOH construction laborers and helpers group is listed separately at 1,674,400→1,783,000, a net increase of 108,600/about 6%/137,000; the group median wage of 46,680 dollars differs from this occupation's 47,120. Total employment includes self-employed workers and is not an AI causal claim or a guarantee of individual opportunity.

O*NET 47-2061.00 occupation details

Official identity, 27 tasks and work context scope

Current BLS table 1.2 projections for this occupation 47-2061

BLS table 1.2 shows this occupation 47-2061 at 2025—2035 total employment 1,489,300→1,598,600, a published net increase of 109,300 people, 7.3%, and 120,000 average annual openings including replacement. The OOH construction laborers and helpers group is listed separately at 1,674,400→1,783,000, a net increase of 108,600/about 6%/137,000; the group median wage of 46,680 dollars differs from this occupation's 47,120. Total employment includes self-employed workers and is not an AI causal claim or a guarantee of individual opportunity.

ILO《Generative AI and Jobs》

Cross-economy task-level exposure framework, without a score for this occupation

NIST AI Risk Management Framework 1.0

NIST voluntary governance wording, not mandatory construction procedures

O*NET Hot Technologies（47-2061.00）

Employer technology mention rate, not proficiency

O*NET national wages page

Wage percentiles for the exact occupation scope

BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook (construction laborers and helpers occupational group)

Current employment outlook and entry requirements for the occupational group scope

Below are the editorial candidates pending testing and the responsibility check directions for the three work surfaces; they do not demonstrate reliable deployment, nor do they unify the authority of all trades.

Editorial candidate pending testing: generate site inspection checklists and layout points from templates, consolidate drawings, utility records and briefing content, and file hazard photos. Source materials and on-site duties are checked separately; reliability, actual adoption and net efficiency were not obtained.

Site materials and clearing and protection are checked against the specific duties; excavation and scaffolding inspections are carried out by the personnel named in the rules, and ordinary workers do not approve the start of work on their own.

Editorial candidate pending testing: provide layout prompts for excavation dimensions and elevations, and automatically count work volume and labor and materials used. Source materials and on-site duties are checked separately; reliability, actual adoption and net efficiency were not obtained.

Complete earthwork backfill according to the actual approved plan and record doubtful points; the job title does not carry all soil judging, shoring design or trench safety release.

Editorial candidate pending testing: organize material and work records and generate material receipt and issue ledgers and hazard report drafts. Source materials and on-site duties are checked separately; reliability, actual adoption and net efficiency were not obtained.

Coordinate on site with skilled trades and equipment operators, keep clear on signals, judge whether a hazard requires stopping work, and confirm that records match reality.

Task context, wage projections, potential exposure, voluntary governance and job posting keywords are read separately; safety provisions are each limited to their jurisdiction and conditions, and no adoption or net effect is inferred.

The task list describes the scope of occupational activity and does not provide substitution probabilities, adoption rates or timelines.

O*NET OnLine occupation details

The official tasks and work context of O*NET 47-2061.00

27 tasks, 8Core/19Supplemental, with the first five values 84/81/80/73/72 as importance; scaffolding 72 and specialized trade assistance 68, among others, are supplemental. Outdoors 81%, PPE97%, noise 49% every day and errors 38% extremely serious are different questions, not risk probabilities.

BLS table 1.2 shows this occupation 47-2061 at 2025—2035 total employment 1,489,300→1,598,600, a published net increase of 109,300 people, 7.3%, and 120,000 average annual openings including replacement. The OOH construction laborers and helpers group is listed separately at 1,674,400→1,783,000, a net increase of 108,600/about 6%/137,000; the group median wage of 46,680 dollars differs from this occupation's 47,120. Total employment includes self-employed workers and is not an AI causal claim or a guarantee of individual opportunity.

O*NET national wages for this occupation; current BLS table 1.2 for this occupation

U.S. wage and employment figures (exact occupation scope)

2025 median for this occupation is 47,120 dollars, hourly 22.66 dollars. BLS table 1.2 shows this occupation 47-2061 at 2025—2035 total employment 1,489,300→1,598,600, a published net increase of 109,300 people, 7.3%, and 120,000 average annual openings including replacement. The OOH construction laborers and helpers group is listed separately at 1,674,400→1,783,000, a net increase of 108,600/about 6%/137,000; the group median wage of 46,680 dollars differs from this occupation's 47,120. Total employment includes self-employed workers and is not an AI causal claim or a guarantee of individual opportunity. Current O*NET industry employment shares are construction 62% and other 38% (including administrative and support services), and the page gives no exact year; the two are not split and neither is an industry wage.

Cross-economy research cannot be directly converted into employment change for a given country or position.

ILO《Generative AI and Jobs》

Cross-economy task-level generative AI exposure

The research provides a measurement framework for task exposure; it does not provide a single-occupation score, adoption rate or replacement date for this occupation.

The framework provides governance wording and does not prescribe the employer's operating procedures, work permits or safety management requirements.

NIST AI Risk Management Framework 1.0

NIST voluntary risk governance framework

Editorial suggestion: check the tool output, source data and responsibilities; the NIST voluntary framework does not create mandatory construction review, qualification or release authority. Actual safety duties are checked against the applicable system.

Mention rate is a market signal, not proficiency, tool adoption or a long-term trend, and it does not constitute an entry threshold.

O*NET Hot Technologies（47-2061.00）

Frequency of technology keywords in job postings

Of the 7 software items in 2025 U.S. Lightcast job postings, Excel, Office, Outlook and Word are each below 1%, while Revit, Windows and Primavera are NA, not 0; mention rate is not proficiency, actual adoption or AI deployment, and Revit does not therefore become a threshold for all positions. Current O*NET35 certification candidates and 6 registered apprenticeship examples: Construction Craft Laborer, Maintenance Tech Municipal, Maintenance Technician, Pointer Cleaner Caulker, Pool Installer Technician, Tuckpointer Cleaner Caulker, which are not open positions or mandatory certificates in China. The OOH group notes that employers often require safety certification consistent with OSHA guidelines before or after hiring, that some positions may require a driver's license, and that certain rigging/scaffolding certifications are optional; applying for each certificate, renewal, cost and current employer conditions are checked separately.

Records, statistics, prompts and filing are editorial candidates pending testing; reliability, adoption and the order of substitution were not obtained, and ordinary mechanization is kept separate from generative AI.

Technical availability does not equal employer adoption: whether it is adopted depends on work permits and safety rules, site size and process scheduling, site conditions and the division of responsibility; this page did not obtain adoption-rate data for this occupation.

BLS table 1.2 shows this occupation 47-2061 at 2025—2035 total employment 1,489,300→1,598,600, a published net increase of 109,300 people, 7.3%, and 120,000 average annual openings including replacement. The OOH construction laborers and helpers group is listed separately at 1,674,400→1,783,000, a net increase of 108,600/about 6%/137,000; the group median wage of 46,680 dollars differs from this occupation's 47,120. Total employment includes self-employed workers and is not an AI causal claim or a guarantee of individual opportunity.

This round did not obtain the overall degree of substitution, actual reliability or net effect for this occupation, and no job retention guarantee is given; safety duties are checked against the real task jurisdiction. BLS table 1.2 shows this occupation 47-2061 at 2025—2035 total employment 1,489,300→1,598,600, a published net increase of 109,300 people, 7.3%, and 120,000 average annual openings including replacement. The OOH construction laborers and helpers group is listed separately at 1,674,400→1,783,000, a net increase of 108,600/about 6%/137,000; the group median wage of 46,680 dollars differs from this occupation's 47,120. Total employment includes self-employed workers and is not an AI causal claim or a guarantee of individual opportunity.

O*NET47-2061 tasks; current BLS table 1.2 for this occupation

On-site safety, drawing reading and layout, tools and materials, and coordination correspond to the tasks; software word frequency does not prove that all positions are free of programming. Specific scripts, digital devices and skill depth are checked against the actual employer.

O*NET 47-2061.00 technology list and official tasks

Counting, recording, layout materials, work volume and hazard filing are editorial candidates pending testing; reliability and net effect were not obtained, and no conclusion is given on automation difficulty or the order of substitution.

O*NET 47-2061.00 tasks and detailed work activities

2025 national annual percentiles for this occupation are 35,090/38,620/47,120/59,740/78,090 dollars, with a median hourly wage of 22.66 dollars. BLS table 1.2 shows this occupation 47-2061 at 2025—2035 total employment 1,489,300→1,598,600, a published net increase of 109,300 people, 7.3%, and 120,000 average annual openings including replacement. The OOH construction laborers and helpers group is listed separately at 1,674,400→1,783,000, a net increase of 108,600/about 6%/137,000; the group median wage of 46,680 dollars differs from this occupation's 47,120. Total employment includes self-employed workers and is not an AI causal claim or a guarantee of individual opportunity.

O*NET national wages for this occupation; BLS for this occupation and the OOH group read separately

The overall degree of substitution, actual adoption or net effect were not obtained; positioning, monitoring and mechanization do not automatically equal generative AI, nor do they directly prove that the burden is reduced. U.S. OSHA1926.651(b) requires confirming the estimated location of underground installations before excavation and using an acceptable safe method to confirm the exact location when approaching them, and does not make manual test digging the only method for all scenarios; (j)(2) sets conditions such as a 2-foot setback or barricades for materials and equipment that may fall, and does not say that nothing may ever be stacked at the pit edge; (k) requires a competent person to inspect excavations and protection and to remove personnel when danger is found until protection is in place. Ordinary workers do not automatically gain shoring design or work release authority from the job title.

O*NET task context; applicable OSHA safety rules; NIST voluntary framework

Insufficient evidence: this round did not obtain material supporting a disappearance year for this occupation, and no timeline is provided.

ILO potential exposure and BLS projections are not converted into a disappearance year

First learn on-site safety rules and personal protection, drawing reading and layout basics, the use of common tools and small machines (pneumatic breakers, tampers, mixing and lifting machines), material loading, unloading and distribution, and cooperation with other trades; qualification and training paths (on-the-job learning, apprenticeship mentoring or vocational training) are checked against the target employer's requirements, and specific process experience is added on top.

O*NET 47-2061.00 tasks and preparation level; BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook entry requirements

The following are editorial material check and pending-test suggestions, not construction operating instructions; specific tasks, inspections and releases are checked against real duties and procedures.

Write down the work surface, drawings and technical briefing clearly, and record the known underground utility and edge and opening conditions.

Use tools to organize site inspection checklists, material ledgers and registers, all marked as drafts.

Check site materials against the specific duties and report doubtful points; ordinary workers do not uniformly judge all conditions for starting work.

Earthwork, shoring, backfill and re-checking are carried out according to the specific approved plan and trade duties; this page does not provide dimension or stability design.

When a hazard or dangerous condition is found, stop work and report, and let the authorized position handle it; tool output and automatic prompts do not constitute a conclusion that work may start or be released.

Excavating without confirming the location of utilities, cables or old foundations, and cutting a utility so that water or power is lost or gas leaks.

U.S. OSHA1926.651(b) requires confirming the estimated location of underground installations before excavation and using an acceptable safe method to confirm the exact location when approaching them, and does not make manual test digging the only method for all scenarios; (j)(2) sets conditions such as a 2-foot setback or barricades for materials and equipment that may fall, and does not say that nothing may ever be stacked at the pit edge; (k) requires a competent person to inspect excavations and protection and to remove personnel when danger is found until protection is in place. Ordinary workers do not automatically gain shoring design or work release authority from the job title.

Excavating without the benching or shoring required by the briefing, so personnel working in the trench face collapse and burial risk.

U.S. OSHA1926.651(b) requires confirming the estimated location of underground installations before excavation and using an acceptable safe method to confirm the exact location when approaching them, and does not make manual test digging the only method for all scenarios; (j)(2) sets conditions such as a 2-foot setback or barricades for materials and equipment that may fall, and does not say that nothing may ever be stacked at the pit edge; (k) requires a competent person to inspect excavations and protection and to remove personnel when danger is found until protection is in place. Ordinary workers do not automatically gain shoring design or work release authority from the job title.

Erecting or using scaffolding or edge and opening protection that is inadequate, or using temporary facilities that have not been inspected.

U.S. OSHA1926.451(a)(6) requires a qualified person to design scaffolding; (f)(3) requires a competent person to inspect before each shift and after any event affecting integrity; (f)(7) requires erection, moving, dismantling and alteration to be supervised by the corresponding competent person and carried out by trained and experienced employees that person selects. Fall protection measures are checked against the specific scaffold type and applicable conditions and are not decided as usable by ordinary workers on their own; Chinese rules are checked separately.

Pneumatic breakers, tampers and cutting machines are not inspected or are used for purposes they are not intended for, causing mechanical injury and vibration damage.

U.S. OSHA1926.300(a)(b)(c) requires tools to be kept in a safe condition, guards to be provided at hazardous parts and appropriate PPE to be provided according to exposure; specific machines and continuous work arrangements are checked against actual procedures, and no promise is made that anti-vibration gloves eliminate injury or that a uniform time limit applies to all workers.

Long-term exposure to dust and high noise during cutting, breaking and mixing work without the required protection.

U.S. OSHA1926.1153 limits applicable crystalline silica exposure; (c) requires engineering controls, work practices and applicable respiratory protection for the specific tasks in table 1, or an alternative exposure assessment or control under (d); (g) requires a written employer control plan and the corresponding checks; (h) free medical surveillance is limited to employees who under that section must wear a respirator for 30 days or more per year, and is not a uniform periodic medical examination for all construction laborers. Noise control and Chinese occupational health are checked separately.

Check site materials and the clearing and protection tasks you are authorized to do, and report doubtful points; the job title does not uniformly confer the authority to decide that work may start.

Clear and prepare the construction site to remove possible hazards

Site preparation

Editorial candidate pending testing: organize site inspection checklists and hazard photos and generate drafts of clearing and protection points. Source materials and on-site duties are checked separately; reliability, actual adoption and net efficiency were not obtained.

Check dimensions, design materials and markings against the duties, refer doubtful points to the responsible personnel for confirmation, and do not automatically approve construction.

Read drawings and specifications and measure and mark layout positions

Drawing reading and layout

Editorial candidate pending testing: consolidate drawing points and layout data and generate a marking list. Source materials and on-site duties are checked separately; reliability, actual adoption and net efficiency were not obtained.

Earthwork backfill is completed according to the approved plan and duties; shoring design and safety decisions are checked separately.

Dig trenches and foundation pits, backfill and compact and level

Excavation and backfill

Editorial candidate pending testing: prompt excavation dimensions and elevations and count work volume. Source materials and on-site duties are checked separately; reliability, actual adoption and net efficiency were not obtained.

U.S. OSHA1926.451(a)(6) requires a qualified person to design scaffolding; (f)(3) requires a competent person to inspect before each shift and after any event affecting integrity; (f)(7) requires erection, moving, dismantling and alteration to be supervised by the corresponding competent person and carried out by trained and experienced employees that person selects. Fall protection measures are checked against the specific scaffold type and applicable conditions and are not decided as usable by ordinary workers on their own; Chinese rules are checked separately.

Erect and dismantle scaffolding, supports and temporary structures

Erection and dismantling

Editorial candidate pending testing: generate a component list and draft check items. Source materials and on-site duties are checked separately; reliability, actual adoption and net efficiency were not obtained.

Coordinate according to the specific equipment, signals and work area procedures and report doubtful points, and do not set a single signal caller as the uniform rule for all tasks.

Signal equipment operators to help with positioning and movement

Equipment coordination

Editorial candidate pending testing: prompt work area isolation points and draft the coordination flow. Source materials and on-site duties are checked separately; reliability, actual adoption and net efficiency were not obtained.

Check specifications and batches, confirm that stacks are stable, and prevent overloading and collapse.

Load, unload and distribute building materials, machinery and tools to designated locations

Material transfer

Editorial candidate pending testing: generate material receipt and issue ledgers and stacking location prompts. Source materials and on-site duties are checked separately; reliability, actual adoption and net efficiency were not obtained.

Confirm that records match reality, and stop work and report when a hazard is found.

Assist skilled trades and record materials used and work performed

Coordination and records

Editorial candidate pending testing: organize material usage and work information into record drafts. Source materials and on-site duties are checked separately; reliability, actual adoption and net efficiency were not obtained.

Editorial suggestion: choose approved test items from the material list, records and hazard filing; utilities, shoring, scaffolding and restoration work are checked against the real chain of responsibility, and actual adoption and net efficiency are still missing.

GB/T4754-2017 construction 47 housing, 48 civil engineering (PDF57 / printed 51 pages), 49 installation and 50 decoration etc. (PDF58 / printed 52 pages) are used for the industry background of construction units; by the unit's main business, not directly determining the industry by an individual's work, and not proving one-to-one correspondence between Chinese and U.S. occupations.

Statistical scope: public wage statistics are released aggregated by industry category or broad personnel group

Average wages for an industry or a broad personnel group are not the national median, starting wage or individual take-home income of this occupation.

Market comparison: U.S. median annual wage 47,120 dollars (2025 wage data, exact occupation scope for this occupation)

For market comparison only; it does not enter mainland China calculations and is not converted by exchange rate or purchasing power.

Insufficient evidence: the exact occupation wage distribution for this occupation in mainland China was not obtained (2025 public wage statistics scope)

2025 average annual wages of urban non-private units in construction were 92,036 yuan and of private units 66,275 yuan, each a pre-tax industry average that includes other occupations; this is not a construction laborer range, median, percentile or starting wage. Read it by the unit's main business, and it cannot cover all labor service providers or other internal positions.

Insufficient evidence: starting wage or job posting quote statistics for this occupation in mainland China were not obtained

This round did not obtain verifiable job posting quote statistics for this occupation; quotes from an individual employer or project are not passed off as national data.

Insufficient evidence: wage percentiles for this occupation in mainland China were not obtained

The exact occupation percentiles were not obtained; industry averages are not used to fill in.

AI adoption, net effect and wage causality for this occupation in China were not obtained in this round; counting and records are candidates pending testing.

2025 average annual wages of urban non-private units in construction were 92,036 yuan and of private units 66,275 yuan, each a pre-tax industry average that includes other occupations; this is not a construction laborer range, median, percentile or starting wage. Read it by the unit's main business, and it cannot cover all labor service providers or other internal positions. GB/T4754-2017 construction 47 housing, 48 civil engineering (PDF57 / printed 51 pages), 49 installation and 50 decoration etc. (PDF58 / printed 52 pages) are used for the industry background of construction units; by the unit's main business, not directly determining the industry by an individual's work, and not proving one-to-one correspondence between Chinese and U.S. occupations.

Basic education requirements are checked against the actual employer

General laborer, cleaning and carrying positions at labor subcontractors and construction companies

Current O*NET new-hire education requirements are 35% high school and 33% less than high school, listing only part of the distribution and not the number of current workers or a complete proportion; Zone1–2/SVP below 6 is a preparation level, and the zone-level training description is not a period of independent work for an individual. BLS table 1.2 shows this occupation typically requires no formal educational credential, no related experience and short-term OJT, which cannot be treated as the threshold in China or for all employers. The OOH group mostly learns on the job, and some apprenticeships are checked separately by program.

Secondary vocational school or higher vocational college (construction engineering technology, building equipment, municipal engineering and related majors)

Survey layout, material management and crew assistance positions at construction companies

Related secondary and higher vocational majors are an editorial preparation suggestion; samples of what most positions in China require were not obtained, and this is not called more common or the only threshold.

Trade skills and basic background are checked against the target position

Specialized trade work positions (determined by trade and assessment)

Specific trade training and qualifications are checked against the applicable jurisdiction; Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development Order No. 60 takes effect on 2026-06-01 and applies to special operations in building and municipal construction, with the range of trades set separately; Article 3 requires the applicable personnel to be trained, assessed and certified, and Article 22 requires at least 6 months of supervised internship after first certification, under the guidance of personnel with at least 6 years of experience in the same trade, and prohibits independent work. The specific trade catalogue has not been checked item by item, and not all construction laborers are automatically listed as certificate holders or exempt.

Special operations qualification in building construction (limited to applicable trades)

The specific trade catalogue and the conditions for safety assistance positions are checked separately

Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development Order No. 60 takes effect on 2026-06-01 and applies to special operations in building and municipal construction, with the range of trades set separately; Article 3 requires the applicable personnel to be trained, assessed and certified, and Article 22 requires at least 6 months of supervised internship after first certification, under the guidance of personnel with at least 6 years of experience in the same trade, and prohibits independent work. The specific trade catalogue has not been checked item by item, and not all construction laborers are automatically listed as certificate holders or exempt.

Building and municipal infrastructure construction sites

Site, earthwork and material coordination are task-corresponding editorial scenarios; supplemental scaffolding tasks require trade and qualification checks, and no domestic employer share is given.

Decoration, renovation and equipment installation sites

Decoration and installation coordination is an editorial scenario; domestic position frequency was not obtained.

Labor subcontracting and specialized trade crews

Project crews are an editorial scenario; labor services are not uniformly assigned to the construction industry by individual tasks.

National Bureau of Statistics, Average Annual Wages of Urban Unit Employees in 2025 ｜https://www.stats.gov.cn/sj/zxfb/202605/t20260515_1963707.html

GB/T4754-2017 construction 47 housing, 48 civil engineering (PDF57 / printed 51 pages), 49 installation and 50 decoration etc. (PDF58 / printed 52 pages) are used for the industry background of construction units; by the unit's main business, not directly determining the industry by an individual's work, and not proving one-to-one correspondence between Chinese and U.S. occupations.

The 2025 construction industry wages were checked, and no distribution listed separately for this occupation was obtained.

Note: not obtaining a figure listed separately for this occupation does not mean it was never published officially; this page registers only the scope actually consulted and the result, and does not fill in with industry averages or U.S. data.

National Bureau of Statistics, Average Annual Wages of Urban Unit Employees in 2025 ｜https://www.stats.gov.cn/sj/zxfb/202605/t20260515_1963707.html

2025 average annual wages of urban non-private units in construction were 92,036 yuan and of private units 66,275 yuan, each a pre-tax industry average that includes other occupations; this is not a construction laborer range, median, percentile or starting wage. Read it by the unit's main business, and it cannot cover all labor service providers or other internal positions.

Construction in China (non-private industry average)

92,036 yuan/year (2025; pre-tax industry background, not an occupation wage)

Construction in China (private industry average)

66,275 yuan/year (2025; pre-tax industry background, not an occupation wage)

Exact wage and job posting quote gap for this occupation in China

Insufficient evidence: the median, percentiles, starting wage and job posting quote distribution for this occupation in China were not obtained; the two industry averages are not used to fill in.

GB/T4754-2017 construction 47 housing, 48 civil engineering (PDF57 / printed 51 pages), 49 installation and 50 decoration etc. (PDF58 / printed 52 pages) are used for the industry background of construction units; by the unit's main business, not directly determining the industry by an individual's work, and not proving one-to-one correspondence between Chinese and U.S. occupations.

National Bureau of Statistics, Average Annual Wages of Urban Unit Employees in 2025 ｜https://www.stats.gov.cn/sj/zxfb/202605/t20260515_1963707.html; publication information for the Occupational Classification Code of the People's Republic of China (2022 edition) ｜https://www.mohrss.gov.cn/wap/xw/rsxw/202210/t20221028_489104.html

7.3% for this occupation (2025—2035; BLS)

47,120 dollars/year (median, 2025 wage data)

47,120 dollars/year (median)

The median published on the O*NET national wages page; the page also states the median hourly wage as 22.66 dollars. It is the middle of the distribution, not an individual starting wage or take-home income; O*NET national wages page (47-2061.00) ｜https://www.onetonline.org/link/localwages/47-2061.00

59,740 dollars/year (75th percentile)

The 75th percentile annual wage published on the O*NET national wages page. This position is a point in the statistical distribution and does not represent a promotion level; O*NET national wages page (47-2061.00) ｜https://www.onetonline.org/link/localwages/47-2061.00

78,090 dollars/year (90th percentile)

78,090 dollars is the 2025 90th percentile for this occupation; wages broken down by trade and crew leading were not obtained, and the percentile is not interpreted as a grade.

1,489,300 (2025; this occupation)

BLS table 1.2 shows this occupation 47-2061 at 2025—2035 total employment 1,489,300→1,598,600, a published net increase of 109,300 people, 7.3%, and 120,000 average annual openings including replacement. The OOH construction laborers and helpers group is listed separately at 1,674,400→1,783,000, a net increase of 108,600/about 6%/137,000; the group median wage of 46,680 dollars differs from this occupation's 47,120. Total employment includes self-employed workers and is not an AI causal claim or a guarantee of individual opportunity.

7.3% (2025—2035; this occupation)

BLS table 1.2 shows this occupation 47-2061 at 2025—2035 total employment 1,489,300→1,598,600, a published net increase of 109,300 people, 7.3%, and 120,000 average annual openings including replacement. The OOH construction laborers and helpers group is listed separately at 1,674,400→1,783,000, a net increase of 108,600/about 6%/137,000; the group median wage of 46,680 dollars differs from this occupation's 47,120. Total employment includes self-employed workers and is not an AI causal claim or a guarantee of individual opportunity.

120,000/year (2025—2035; including replacement)

Average annual openings include replacement and are not the same as the published net increase of 109,300 people or the 2035 employment of 1,598,600.

BLS table 1.2 shows this occupation 47-2061 at 2025—2035 total employment 1,489,300→1,598,600, a published net increase of 109,300 people, 7.3%, and 120,000 average annual openings including replacement. The OOH construction laborers and helpers group is listed separately at 1,674,400→1,783,000, a net increase of 108,600/about 6%/137,000; the group median wage of 46,680 dollars differs from this occupation's 47,120. Total employment includes self-employed workers and is not an AI causal claim or a guarantee of individual opportunity. Wage percentiles are an employed distribution, not grades or individual quotes.

2025 annual percentiles for this occupation are 35,090/38,620/47,120/59,740/78,090 dollars, with a median hourly wage of 22.66 dollars. BLS table 1.2 shows this occupation 47-2061 at 2025—2035 total employment 1,489,300→1,598,600, a published net increase of 109,300 people, 7.3%, and 120,000 average annual openings including replacement. The OOH construction laborers and helpers group is listed separately at 1,674,400→1,783,000, a net increase of 108,600/about 6%/137,000; the group median wage of 46,680 dollars differs from this occupation's 47,120. Total employment includes self-employed workers and is not an AI causal claim or a guarantee of individual opportunity.

Trade and crew leading duties are wage breakdown dimensions suggested for checking; actual differences were not obtained, and a higher percentile cannot be asserted.

Trade and process

Project and work environment are wage dimensions suggested for checking; the difference for this occupation and the pay structure statistics were not obtained.

Project type and work environment

Region, employer and employment arrangement are suggested for item-by-item checking; the current national percentiles do not quantify wage differences for each factor.

Region and employment arrangement

7.3% (2025—2035; BLS, this occupation)

Construction

62% (employment share)

Current O*NET industry employment shares are construction 62% and other 38% (including administrative and support services), and the page gives no exact year; the two are not split and neither is an industry wage.

All other industries combined (including administrative and support services)

38% (employment share)

Current O*NET industry employment shares are construction 62% and other 38% (including administrative and support services), and the page gives no exact year; the two are not split and neither is an industry wage.

Not obtained (breakdown of other industries)

Insufficient evidence: the current industry page does not break down the other 38%, and the page gives no exact year.

This row notes that the source discloses only two employment share categories and does not break down other industries, and the gap is registered per the rules.

Not obtained (industry wages)

Insufficient evidence: the industry-specific median wage for this occupation was not obtained (United States, 2025 wage data period)

This row notes that the source discloses only industry employment shares and not industry wages, and the gap is registered per the rules.

The median is not a starting wage for newcomers; this round did not obtain the differences that trade, project and region make to the actual starting wage.

No. Percentiles are statistical positions, and there is no information on individual working hours or regional differences, so individual monthly income or after-tax take-home income cannot be derived.

2025 wages for the employed in this occupation and current BLS total projections for this occupation; the OOH construction laborers and helpers group is marked separately.

Trade and process, project type and work environment, region and employment arrangement; detailed figures for these factors were not obtained on this page and must follow the target employer's rules for the relevant year and official regional data.

47,120 dollars/year (median, 2025 wage data)

The 10th percentile means that 10% of those employed earn no more than this value; it is not an entry wage or a minimum wage.

The 50th percentile is the median, meaning half of those employed earn more than this value and half less; it does not represent a fixed wage at a particular employer or position.

The 90th percentile is a position in the distribution, not a grade; differences by trade, crew leading and project were not obtained.

The current O*NET details page interest R100/C44/I28/A6/E6/S4, where the top three R, C and I form the activity profile, not a share of people or an individual hiring threshold; the R and C in the historical summary are kept only for consumers that are not authorized.

Evidence level: current O*NET details page interest dimensions

Treating the interest code as a hiring or competence standard lacks source support.

Regression evidence on personality and job performance for this occupation was not obtained; outdoor, noise, contact and signal tasks are context, not a personality threshold or a uniform signal rule for all work.

Evidence level: no direct evidence for this occupation, only a general research framework

Treating personality test scores as a hiring or competence standard has no basis.

MBTI is a type preference tool, and this page has no verifiable evidence that a particular type is better suited to this occupation; whether it suits you depends on whether you can complete site work to the briefing and signals and take responsibility for your own safety and that of your workmates, which has no fixed relationship with introversion or extroversion.

Evidence level: not applicable (no source supports a relationship between type and competence)

Setting limits for yourself or others with four letters lacks a basis.

The Enneagram is not an occupational fit assessment: it describes motivation and emotional patterns, cannot be used to judge suitability for this occupation, and does not constitute a basis for hiring or promotion.

Evidence level: not applicable

Do not use type labels in place of judging craft and safety awareness.

This occupation requires understanding technical briefings and simple drawings, controlling dimensions and elevations against layout marks, and promptly judging site hazards; the basic skills listed in the O*NET details include speaking, active listening, critical thinking and reading comprehension, and this page has no evidence of an IQ threshold.

Evidence level: official skill description plus editorial notes

Treating one test score as a career ceiling lacks source support.

Face-to-face discussion, contact and signal coordination are observable tasks; the validity of emotional intelligence for this occupation and the causal amount that communication has on accidents and rework were not obtained, and no emotional intelligence threshold is set.

Evidence level: editorial synthesis (based on continuous contact and time pressure indicators in the work context)

Treating emotional intelligence as the only threshold and ignoring safety rules and basic skills.

The fit signals, caution notes and exercises on this page are all editorial syntheses based on official tasks and work context, and do not constitute psychological diagnosis, hiring screening, qualification judgments or practice advice; for matters involving excavations, scaffolding, temporary power and hazardous work, follow the rules of your organization and the competent authorities.

The current O*NET details page interest R100/C44/I28/A6/E6/S4, where the top three R, C and I form the activity profile, not a share of people or an individual hiring threshold; the R and C in the historical summary are kept only for consumers that are not authorized. Editorially, observe authorized tasks, records and hazard reports, and do not replace hands-on assessment with interests.

Brickmasons and blockmasons direction: build bricks, blocks and stone with mortar to complete walls and masonry structures.

You are willing to learn masonry technique and practise mortar joints and verticality over the long term.

Not willing to practise masonry technique and mortar joint control repeatedly.

Carpenters direction: make and install formwork, framing and finish carpentry.

You are willing to read drawings, set out, and process and assemble timber.

Not willing to take on requirements for dimensions and forming precision.

Cement masons and concrete finishers direction: complete floating, finishing and curing after concrete is poured.

You are willing to master the timing for treating different surfaces and pursue appearance quality.

Not willing to spend long hours repeatedly finishing and curing in a damp environment.

Paving, surfacing and tamping equipment operators direction: operate pavers and rollers to spread and compact asphalt or concrete.

You are willing to operate paving and compaction equipment and focus on smoothness and compaction.

Not willing to take on responsibility for pavement quality and testing coordination.

Operating engineers and other construction equipment operators direction: operate bulldozers, excavators, motor graders and loaders and other powered construction equipment.

You are willing to learn to operate machines and take responsibility for equipment condition and work face quality.

Not willing to take on responsibility for safe equipment operation and maintenance records.

Construction and building inspectors direction: inspect construction quality against codes and drawings and issue inspection records.

You are willing to check quality requirements item by item against codes and write inspection records.

Not willing to hold to code-based judgments in rework and acceptance disputes.

What matters more is being willing to complete site work to the briefing, being willing to do physical work and accept the outdoor environment, and being used to recording materials used and work performed truthfully and stopping and reporting when a hazard is found; this is not a personality label but behaviour that can be observed in real work.

No evidence for this occupation makes introversion a bar to entry; specific communication, coordination and safety tasks are checked through actual observation, and no personality hiring conclusion is given.

No evidence for this occupation shows that extroversion brings a coordination advantage; readiness is observed through specific tasks and coordination, with no personality threshold.

No evidence supports that a particular type is best suited to this occupation. MBTI is a type preference tool, and this page gives no type conclusion and does not use type for hiring or fit judgments.

The current O*NET details page interest R100/C44/I28/A6/E6/S4, where the top three R, C and I form the activity profile, not a share of people or an individual hiring threshold; the R and C in the historical summary are kept only for consumers that are not authorized.

It cannot predict on its own. Personality tests lack evidence of predictive validity for this occupation, and actual performance depends on physical ability and craft, safety awareness and on-site judgment, which must be observed in real work.

For this occupation, mathematics knowledge 30, mathematics skill 25, mathematical reasoning 25 and number facility 22 are occupational importance values, not an individual math score or a course threshold for all positions. Observe through drawing reading, layout and material checking tasks.

A high level of emotional intelligence is not required as a threshold. What matters more is confirming instructions under noise and schedule pressure and insisting on protection first when work is rushed; these abilities can be improved through training and review.

No. The Enneagram is not an occupational fit assessment and has no predictive validity for this occupation; use actual tasks and site experience to judge.

Self-check with three fictional outputs: a site preparation and hazard clearing record (including utility confirmation and protection), an excavation and backfill compaction record (including layout and elevation re-checking), and a material receipt and issue and work record; the direction you can complete independently and explain the basis for is more worth investing in first.

Willing to complete site work and physical work to the briefing, willing to control dimensions and elevations against layout marks, and used to recording materials used and work performed truthfully and stopping and reporting when a hazard is found.

Unwilling to confirm underground utility and edge and opening conditions before starting work, unwilling to coordinate with signals and skilled trades, unable to accept outdoor weather of all kinds and noise and dust, or tending to keep working after finding a hazard.

Close the loop with a fictional site plan: mark the areas to be cleared and excavated, the known underground utilities and edges and openings, the planned tools and small machines, and the work sequence and protective measures; then see whether you would be willing to repeat such a process over the long term.

The current O*NET details page has 27 tasks, 8Core/19Supplemental, context, education parts 35/33, interest dimensions and Zone1–2; items not shown are not treated as zero.

This round of nine modules uses the current BLS table 1.2 projections for this occupation; the current interest dimensions come from the details page, and the R and C of the historical summary are not linked to Hero or FAQ.

The OOH construction laborers and helpers group is listed separately with a 2025 median wage of 46,680 and 10th and 90th percentiles of 34,820/76,400 dollars, and it directly lists the median wage and employment projections for each helper occupation; it cannot substitute for this occupation's percentiles or be back-inferred from the group.

O*NET work context section: used to explain working conditions such as outdoor exposure, protective equipment, noise and postures; fit signals and exercises are editorial synthesis.

ILO Generative AI and Jobs: used to explain the task exposure framework; it does not provide a score or timeline for this occupation.

NIST voluntary governance framework, not mandatory construction operating or personality requirements.

O*NET 47-2061.00 tasks and detailed work activities: used to explain the relative importance of clearing, excavation, erection and coordination activities.

National wages for this occupation and current BLS projections are read separately, and percentiles are not experience levels.

Editorial suggestion: observe hands-on work, records and willingness to check doubtful points in authorized tasks. The current O*NET details page interest R100/C44/I28/A6/E6/S4, where the top three R, C and I form the activity profile, not a share of people or an individual hiring threshold; the R and C in the historical summary are kept only for consumers that are not authorized.

The current O*NET details page interest R100/C44/I28/A6/E6/S4, where the top three R, C and I form the activity profile, not a share of people or an individual hiring threshold; the R and C in the historical summary are kept only for consumers that are not authorized.

RCI

RCI (Realistic, Conventional, Investigative; the top three dimensions on the current details page)

Risk scenarios are editorial prompts based on tasks and surveys, not risk incidence rates or rankings; specific utility, excavation, scaffolding, tool and exposure rules are limited to the actual jurisdiction and conditions.

Utilities, earthwork, scaffolding, machines and materials are task-corresponding risk scenarios, and no ranking of main risks is given. Outdoors 81%, PPE97% every day and errors 38% extremely serious are different survey questions, not accident probabilities.

U.S. O*NET task context, wages for this occupation and current BLS projections are read separately; OSHA excavation, scaffolding, tools and crystalline silica each have applicable conditions, and Chinese Order No. 60 covers only specific trades.

Construction laborers, site coordination personnel and workers in adjacent trades

Nearby water or power outages or gas leaks, interrupting work and possibly causing personal injury and property loss.

U.S. OSHA1926.651(b) requires confirming the estimated location of underground installations before excavation and using an acceptable safe method to confirm the exact location when approaching them, and does not make manual test digging the only method for all scenarios; (j)(2) sets conditions such as a 2-foot setback or barricades for materials and equipment that may fall, and does not say that nothing may ever be stacked at the pit edge; (k) requires a competent person to inspect excavations and protection and to remove personnel when danger is found until protection is in place. Ordinary workers do not automatically gain shoring design or work release authority from the job title.

Excavating without confirming the location of utilities, cables or old foundations, and cutting a utility so that water or power is lost or gas leaks.

Construction laborers, site coordination personnel and workers in adjacent trades

Slope or edge collapse, burying workers or striking them with falling objects.

U.S. OSHA1926.651(b) requires confirming the estimated location of underground installations before excavation and using an acceptable safe method to confirm the exact location when approaching them, and does not make manual test digging the only method for all scenarios; (j)(2) sets conditions such as a 2-foot setback or barricades for materials and equipment that may fall, and does not say that nothing may ever be stacked at the pit edge; (k) requires a competent person to inspect excavations and protection and to remove personnel when danger is found until protection is in place. Ordinary workers do not automatically gain shoring design or work release authority from the job title.

Excavating without the benching or shoring required by the briefing, so the soil wall collapses while personnel work in the trench.

Construction laborers, site coordination personnel and workers in adjacent trades

Falls or being struck by objects may occur; this is not the disease or injury incidence rate of this occupation, and specific medical consequences are assessed by professionals.

U.S. OSHA1926.451(a)(6) requires a qualified person to design scaffolding; (f)(3) requires a competent person to inspect before each shift and after any event affecting integrity; (f)(7) requires erection, moving, dismantling and alteration to be supervised by the corresponding competent person and carried out by trained and experienced employees that person selects. Fall protection measures are checked against the specific scaffold type and applicable conditions and are not decided as usable by ordinary workers on their own; Chinese rules are checked separately.

Erecting or using scaffolding or edge and opening protection that is inadequate, or using temporary facilities that have not been inspected.

Construction laborers, site coordination personnel and workers in adjacent trades

Contact with machines or injury from flying debris may occur; the vibration injury incidence rate of this occupation was not obtained, and specific exposure and health evaluation are checked separately.

U.S. OSHA1926.300(a)(b)(c) requires tools to be kept in a safe condition, guards to be provided at hazardous parts and appropriate PPE to be provided according to exposure; specific machines and continuous work arrangements are checked against actual procedures, and no promise is made that anti-vibration gloves eliminate injury or that a uniform time limit applies to all workers.

Pneumatic breakers, tampers and cutting machines are not inspected or are used for purposes they are not intended for, going out of control or injuring people during work.

Construction laborers, site coordination personnel and workers in adjacent trades

Dust and noise may bring occupational health risks, and specific exposure and health evaluation are checked separately; context proportions are not disease incidence rates.

U.S. OSHA1926.1153 limits applicable crystalline silica exposure; (c) requires engineering controls, work practices and applicable respiratory protection for the specific tasks in table 1, or an alternative exposure assessment or control under (d); (g) requires a written employer control plan and the corresponding checks; (h) free medical surveillance is limited to employees who under that section must wear a respirator for 30 days or more per year, and is not a uniform periodic medical examination for all construction laborers. Noise control and Chinese occupational health are checked separately.

Long-term exposure to dust and high noise during cutting, breaking and mixing work without the required protection.

Construction laborers, site coordination personnel and workers in adjacent trades

Falling materials, carrying loads and blocked passageways are editorial risk scenarios; no back and joint injury rate for this occupation is inferred, and no medical judgment is made.

Stacking and transfer are checked against project material specifications, loads and passageway requirements, and whether to use auxiliary equipment and PPE follows the actual hazard assessment; a single posture is not promised as a uniform injury prevention method.

Unstable, excessively high or passageway-blocking stacks of materials, and improper posture or overloading when carrying by hand.

O*NET 47-2061.00 occupation details: used to explain tasks, work context and responsibility boundaries; it does not constitute work authorization.

Wages for the employed in this occupation and current BLS total projections are not an individual risk level.

NIST voluntary governance wording, not a statutory construction obligation.

O*NET work context section: used to explain working conditions such as outdoor exposure, protective equipment, noise and postures.

ILO research on generative AI and work exposure: used to explain the task exposure framework; it does not provide a timeline or a job disappearance year.

Can complete site coordination under guidance: clear the site to the briefing, carry materials and remove obvious hazards, wear and use protective equipment correctly, and fill in coordination records truthfully.

Can complete site coordination under guidance

Editorial ability direction: complete layout and earthwork records according to the approved plan; trench inspection, shoring design and safety release for starting work are checked by the responsible personnel, and independent completion of all processes is not promised.

Complete layout and earthwork records under authorized duties

Editorial development direction: learn one trade and practise it subject to meeting training, qualification and actual authorization conditions; the stage name does not confer full scaffolding or rebar authority.

Can take on work in one specialized trade

Editorial development direction: organize coordination and guide newcomers under actual appointment and duties, and do not treat an ordinary worker directly as the safety inspection or briefing lead.

Can lead a crew and guide newcomers

Site assistance, trade and machine directions are editorial preparation suggestions, not a uniform entry or promotion sequence. Current O*NET new-hire education requirements are 35% high school and 33% less than high school, listing only part of the distribution and not the number of current workers or a complete proportion; Zone1–2/SVP below 6 is a preparation level, and the zone-level training description is not a period of independent work for an individual. BLS table 1.2 shows this occupation typically requires no formal educational credential, no related experience and short-term OJT, which cannot be treated as the threshold in China or for all employers. The OOH group mostly learns on the job, and some apprenticeships are checked separately by program.

Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development Order No. 60 takes effect on 2026-06-01 and applies to special operations in building and municipal construction, with the range of trades set separately; Article 3 requires the applicable personnel to be trained, assessed and certified, and Article 22 requires at least 6 months of supervised internship after first certification, under the guidance of personnel with at least 6 years of experience in the same trade, and prohibits independent work. The specific trade catalogue has not been checked item by item, and not all construction laborers are automatically listed as certificate holders or exempt. Current O*NET35 certification candidates and 6 registered apprenticeship examples: Construction Craft Laborer, Maintenance Tech Municipal, Maintenance Technician, Pointer Cleaner Caulker, Pool Installer Technician, Tuckpointer Cleaner Caulker, which are not open positions or mandatory certificates in China. The OOH group notes that employers often require safety certification consistent with OSHA guidelines before or after hiring, that some positions may require a driver's license, and that certain rigging/scaffolding certifications are optional; applying for each certificate, renewal, cost and current employer conditions are checked separately.

U.S. data for this occupation and the OOH group are read separately; Chinese qualifications, special operations and on-site authorization are checked against the real trade and jurisdiction.

Preparation path: first master on-site safety rules and personal protection, drawing reading and layout basics, the use of common tools and small machines, and material loading, unloading and distribution, then build process experience through on-the-job learning, mentoring or vocational training; operating qualifications for specialized trades and special operations are checked against the target employer's current-year notice, and this page does not constitute a qualification determination.

Current O*NET new-hire education requirements are 35% high school and 33% less than high school, listing only part of the distribution and not the number of current workers or a complete proportion; Zone1–2/SVP below 6 is a preparation level, and the zone-level training description is not a period of independent work for an individual. BLS table 1.2 shows this occupation typically requires no formal educational credential, no related experience and short-term OJT, which cannot be treated as the threshold in China or for all employers. The OOH group mostly learns on the job, and some apprenticeships are checked separately by program.

The OOH construction laborers and helpers group notes mainly on-the-job learning and some apprenticeships; typical short-term OJT in the BLS table 1.2 for this occupation is not a guarantee of independent construction.

O*NET 47-2061.00 tasks and detailed work activities: used to explain the clearing, layout, excavation and backfill and erection coordination abilities to be verified.

Current O*NET35 certification candidates and 6 registered apprenticeship examples: Construction Craft Laborer, Maintenance Tech Municipal, Maintenance Technician, Pointer Cleaner Caulker, Pool Installer Technician, Tuckpointer Cleaner Caulker, which are not open positions or mandatory certificates in China. The OOH group notes that employers often require safety certification consistent with OSHA guidelines before or after hiring, that some positions may require a driver's license, and that certain rigging/scaffolding certifications are optional; applying for each certificate, renewal, cost and current employer conditions are checked separately.

Site entry safety training and personal protective equipment use (per the employer's notice)

Complete coordination on one work surface under authorized duties

A site coordination record including clearing and carrying records

Clear the site, carry materials and coordinate the processes under guidance, and use protective equipment correctly

Site general laborer

Drawing reading and layout and common tool and machine training

Learn one specialized trade skill

A work record including layout and elevation re-checking

Complete layout, earthwork and re-checking records according to the approved plan; excavation inspection and shoring design are not uniformly granted at this stage.

Skilled worker

Trade skill training and assessment for formwork, scaffolding or rebar, among others

Take part in crew leading and guiding newcomers

A trade work and acceptance coordination record

Complete work to trade requirements, support acceptance and rectify as required

Specialized trade worker

Crew management and safety briefing training (per employer rules)

Move toward construction management or safety management

A work organization and safety briefing record

Organize coordination and guide newcomers under actual crew leading duties; briefing, inspection and handover authority are checked separately.

Crew leading worker

Site entry safety training and hazard identification methods (per the employer's notice)

Learn to understand specific hazardous work plans and briefings, and do not approve plans on your own

A pre-shift briefing and protection check record

Assist with pre-shift briefings, check protective equipment and register personnel in and out

Crew safety assistance position

Safety rules and quality acceptance standards training

Take part in the acceptance of individual work items

A checklist and rectification tracking record

Record problems and track rectification under the corresponding inspection assistance duties; a general checklist does not approve shoring or acceptance.

Safety and quality inspection assistance position

Project management and safety training

Prepare to move into site management, with position qualification and authorization checked separately

A work organization and safety measures statement

Organize machines and site work under actual appointment duties, with safety inspection and release duties checked separately.

Site work lead

Management and professional advancement training (per employer rules)

Prepare to move into construction management, with conditions checked separately

A site management plan and review statement

Handle schedule and resources and do reviews under actual management duties, and do not automatically acquire all safety responsibility from ordinary worker experience.

Project site lead

Signal and work area isolation training (per the employer's notice)

Learn to operate small machines and tools

A coordination and isolation setup record

Coordinate to the specific equipment, signals and work area procedures, report blind spots or doubtful points, and do not set a single signal caller for all tasks.

Machine coordination position

Small machine operation and maintenance training

Support powered construction equipment work

A machine operation and maintenance record

Use specific machines after the corresponding training and under authorized duties; lifting equipment is not exempt from qualifications and safety rules because it is called small.

Small machine operation position

Machine operation training and work briefing

Obtain the corresponding operating qualification

An equipment operation and work face record

Assist work under the applicable qualification, guidance and authorized duties for the specific equipment, and guidance alone does not automatically permit uncertified operation.

Powered equipment assistance position

Machine operation qualification and safety training (per the competent authority's rules)

Move toward equipment management or training

An equipment operation and maintenance record

Operation and records for specific machine types are checked against qualification and authorized duties; the stage name does not confer independent equipment operation authority.

Equipment operator

This page separates education, trade skill training, special operations certificate, safety officer position training and site entry safety education: education is the basic background, training and certification are evidence of ability, and work authorization and special operations qualification are set by the employer and the competent authorities.

Current O*NET new-hire education requirements are 35% high school and 33% less than high school, listing only part of the distribution and not the number of current workers or a complete proportion; Zone1–2/SVP below 6 is a preparation level, and the zone-level training description is not a period of independent work for an individual. BLS table 1.2 shows this occupation typically requires no formal educational credential, no related experience and short-term OJT, which cannot be treated as the threshold in China or for all employers. The OOH group mostly learns on the job, and some apprenticeships are checked separately by program. Current O*NET35 certification candidates and 6 registered apprenticeship examples: Construction Craft Laborer, Maintenance Tech Municipal, Maintenance Technician, Pointer Cleaner Caulker, Pool Installer Technician, Tuckpointer Cleaner Caulker, which are not open positions or mandatory certificates in China. The OOH group notes that employers often require safety certification consistent with OSHA guidelines before or after hiring, that some positions may require a driver's license, and that certain rigging/scaffolding certifications are optional; applying for each certificate, renewal, cost and current employer conditions are checked separately.

Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development Order No. 60 takes effect on 2026-06-01 and applies to special operations in building and municipal construction, with the range of trades set separately; Article 3 requires the applicable personnel to be trained, assessed and certified, and Article 22 requires at least 6 months of supervised internship after first certification, under the guidance of personnel with at least 6 years of experience in the same trade, and prohibits independent work. The specific trade catalogue has not been checked item by item, and not all construction laborers are automatically listed as certificate holders or exempt. Other trades, equipment and local conditions were not checked item by item.

Any qualification and appointment requirement should follow the current rules of the employer and the competent authorities; this page does not constitute a hiring promise or a qualification determination opinion.

This page does not cite specific open postings, nor does it count historical recruitment cases as open positions; recruitment conditions in mainland China must be checked against the target employer's notice for the relevant year.

The practical assessment, scenario questions and probation assessment methods in the examples are editorial design used to illustrate common verification methods and do not represent any employer's uniform process.

BLS table 1.2 shows this occupation 47-2061 at 2025—2035 total employment 1,489,300→1,598,600, a published net increase of 109,300 people, 7.3%, and 120,000 average annual openings including replacement. The OOH construction laborers and helpers group is listed separately at 1,674,400→1,783,000, a net increase of 108,600/about 6%/137,000; the group median wage of 46,680 dollars differs from this occupation's 47,120. Total employment includes self-employed workers and is not an AI causal claim or a guarantee of individual opportunity. 2025 average annual wages of urban non-private units in construction were 92,036 yuan and of private units 66,275 yuan, each a pre-tax industry average that includes other occupations; this is not a construction laborer range, median, percentile or starting wage. Read it by the unit's main business, and it cannot cover all labor service providers or other internal positions.

United States

2025—2035 (BLS, this occupation 47-2061)

BLS table 1.2 shows this occupation 47-2061 at 2025—2035 total employment 1,489,300→1,598,600, a published net increase of 109,300 people, 7.3%, and 120,000 average annual openings including replacement. The OOH construction laborers and helpers group is listed separately at 1,674,400→1,783,000, a net increase of 108,600/about 6%/137,000; the group median wage of 46,680 dollars differs from this occupation's 47,120. Total employment includes self-employed workers and is not an AI causal claim or a guarantee of individual opportunity.

Employment projections are not a personal employment guarantee; growth rate, net change figure and average annual openings are different indicators.

Employment growth and average annual openings

BLS47-2061 total employment for this occupation; the OOH construction laborers and helpers group is listed separately

7.3%／+109,300／120,000 for the growth rate, published net increase and average annual openings of this occupation (2025—2035)

Global

No timeline is set (task-level research)

Potential exposure does not equal reliable automation, adoption or job change, and ordinary mechanization and generative AI are checked separately.

Cross-economy research cannot be directly converted into employment change for a country or a disappearance time for a position.

Task-level generative AI exposure (research framework)

Cross-economy task-level research (not single-country official statistics)

The research provides a measurement framework for task exposure; it does not provide a single-occupation score, adoption rate or replacement date for this occupation.

Mainland China

2025 industry wages; published 2026-05-15

Construction employer industry background and the exact-occupation gap are kept separate.

2025 average annual wages of urban non-private units in construction were 92,036 yuan and of private units 66,275 yuan, each a pre-tax industry average that includes other occupations; this is not a construction laborer range, median, percentile or starting wage. Read it by the unit's main business, and it cannot cover all labor service providers or other internal positions. GB/T4754-2017 construction 47 housing, 48 civil engineering (PDF57 / printed 51 pages), 49 installation and 50 decoration etc. (PDF58 / printed 52 pages) are used for the industry background of construction units; by the unit's main business, not directly determining the industry by an individual's work, and not proving one-to-one correspondence between Chinese and U.S. occupations.

Construction industry wage background (by the unit's main business)

GB/T4754-2017 construction 47 housing, 48 civil engineering (PDF57 / printed 51 pages), 49 installation and 50 decoration etc. (PDF58 / printed 52 pages) are used for the industry background of construction units; by the unit's main business, not directly determining the industry by an individual's work, and not proving one-to-one correspondence between Chinese and U.S. occupations.

2025 average annual wages of urban non-private units in construction were 92,036 yuan and of private units 66,275 yuan, each a pre-tax industry average that includes other occupations; this is not a construction laborer range, median, percentile or starting wage. Read it by the unit's main business, and it cannot cover all labor service providers or other internal positions.

2025 wages for the employed in this occupation and current BLS total projections, not a personal employment guarantee.

ILO Generative AI and Jobs: task-level generative AI exposure framework; it does not provide a score or timeline for this occupation.

NBS2025 industry wages are not an occupational employment projection

Current BLS projections for this occupation 47-2061; the entry and wages of the broader OOH group are marked separately.

Requires masonry technique, mortar mix and mortar joint control ability, and responsibility for the quality of masonry structures.

Site experience, safety rules and material identification ability.

Editorial estimate: relatively close: on the same construction site, responsibility shifts from coordination and carrying to masonry structure quality. Actual distance is checked against existing experience, target qualification and authorized duties, and is not a success rate or a uniform route.

Requires drawing reading and layout, timber processing and formwork assembly ability, and responsibility for the forming quality of formwork and carpentry work.

Drawing reading, dimension control and tool use.

Editorial estimate: relatively close: drawing reading and tool use are transferable, and carpentry processing and precision control need to be filled in. Actual distance is checked against existing experience, target qualification and authorized duties, and is not a success rate or a uniform route.

Requires mastering the timing for treating different surfaces and finishing technique, and responsibility for the appearance and flatness of surfaces.

Concrete work experience, surface treatment and curing knowledge.

Editorial estimate: relatively close: preparation and assistance before pouring are transferable, and finishing and curing skills need to be filled in. Actual distance is checked against existing experience, target qualification and authorized duties, and is not a success rate or a uniform route.

Requires paving and compaction machine operation and smoothness and compaction control ability.

Compaction and leveling experience, machine operation and quality testing coordination.

Editorial estimate: relatively close: compaction and leveling experience is transferable, and paving, compaction and testing requirements need to be filled in. Actual distance is checked against existing experience, target qualification and authorized duties, and is not a success rate or a uniform route.

Requires machine operation and attachment changing ability, and responsibility for safe equipment operation and work face quality.

Equipment coordination experience, signal comprehension and on-site judgment.

Editorial estimate: medium: on-site coordination experience is transferable, and machine operation and equipment maintenance requirements need to be filled in. Actual distance is checked against existing experience, target qualification and authorized duties, and is not a success rate or a uniform route.

Requires inspecting construction quality against codes and drawings and issuing inspection records, with responsibility for the conclusions.

Understanding of processes and technique, drawing reading ability and record standards.

Editorial estimate: medium: on-site process experience helps judgment, and code clauses and inspection methods need to be filled in. Actual distance is checked against existing experience, target qualification and authorized duties, and is not a success rate or a uniform route.

Requires identifying and removing hazardous materials to procedure and completing containment and protection, with responsibility for exposure control.

Protective equipment use, on-site isolation and safety rules.

Editorial estimate: medium: on-site protection experience is transferable, and hazardous material identification and handling procedures need to be filled in. Actual distance is checked against existing experience, target qualification and authorized duties, and is not a success rate or a uniform route.

Requires patrolling roads and ancillary facilities and routine maintenance and repair ability to keep traffic conditions safe.

Setting up on-site safety zones, using maintenance machines and keeping work records.

Editorial estimate: medium: on-site work experience is transferable, and maintenance standards and work zone safety requirements need to be filled in. Actual distance is checked against existing experience, target qualification and authorized duties, and is not a success rate or a uniform route.

This round of nine modules read O*NET47-2061 task context, education and interests and the 2025 national wages for this occupation, together with the BLS2025—2035 total projections for this occupation; the OOH group is listed separately. The domestic industry background and the Order No. 60, U.S. excavation, scaffolding, tool and crystalline silica rules are each limited to their conditions.

The main sources are public O*NET OnLine pages (occupation details, summary, industry distribution, technology list, preparation levels, related occupations, national wages page), the BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook and OEWS methodology, U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration requirements for respirable crystalline silica and other safety and health matters on construction sites, International Labour Organization research on generative AI and work exposure, the NIST AI Risk Management Framework, and the National Bureau of Statistics publication on average annual wages of urban unit employees together with the publication of the Occupational Classification Code of the People's Republic of China (2022 edition).

The revision date of this round's nine-module read is 2026-10-09; historical sources that were not reopened keep their original access dates, and no claim is made that the whole page is updated.

Usage note: this page is a career information service and does not constitute hiring conditions, qualification determinations, work permit conclusions, or legal and compliance advice; specific judgments about excavations, scaffolding, temporary power, special operations and on-site safety must follow the rules of the applicable jurisdiction and the views of your organization, the competent authorities and the positions that hold the authority.