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SOC 47-2111
Under U.S. O*NET-SOC 47-2111.00, install, maintain, and repair electrical wiring, equipment, and fixtures: follow drawings and codes to install conduit, pull wires, make connections, and secure equipment; de-energize, verify absence of voltage, and test insulation, grounding, and circuits; troubleshoot faults; energize according to procedure and hand over work records.
Model impact index for three equally weighted representative core tasks; not a measured share of working time or a job-loss probability. floor((50+0+25)/3+0.5)=25; fermatmind-ai-impact-v1; 2026-10-18.
First consider whether you are willing to follow codes and procedures and patiently document measurements and inspection results. Then use the paper exercise and seven-day experience on this page to check further, rather than relying only on whether you enjoy tinkering with electrical appliances.
This page does not constitute a licence, a work permit, or a hiring decision; live electrical work, work at height, and energization may only be performed by certified or authorized personnel under applicable procedures.
More likely to suit people who are willing to work hands-on according to codes and procedures, can clearly document measurements and inspection results, and proactively stop and escalate when the status is unclear or permission is insufficient.
Occupational boundaries: this page follows U.S. O*NET-SOC 47-2111.00, "Electricians": roles installing, maintaining, and repairing electrical wiring, equipment, and fixtures and ensuring work complies with relevant codes. Work objects and responsibility levels differ from electrical and electronics installers and repairers (repair of equipment itself in industrial, transport, and power facilities), electrical engineers (design calculations and signing design documents), and electrical and electronics engineering technologists and technicians (engineering support and test records).
Work involves electrical installation, maintenance, and repair in buildings and facilities: first check drawings and applicable codes, then install conduit, pull wires, make connections, and install equipment in sequence; document each measurement and inspection result, energize according to procedure and hand over records, and stop and escalate when abnormalities arise.
Career direction comparison
These occupations all involve electrical or electromechanical equipment, but differ in work objects, codes, and entry requirements; use them to check your direction rather than treating them as interchangeable.
| Occupational path | Core work and outputs | Key differences | Which choices fit better |
|---|---|---|---|
| Electrical and electronics installers and repairers | Install and repair electrical and electronic equipment, including commercial and industrial equipment, transport equipment, power facilities, and avionics. | Their focus is mainly equipment itself in industrial, transport, and power settings; this occupation mainly concerns electrical wiring systems in buildings and facilities. | Choose that occupation for industrial and transport equipment repair; choose this occupation for wiring installation in buildings and facilities. |
| Electrical and electronics engineering technologists and technicians |
AI's effects on the occupation
AI and digital tools can help consult electrical codes and product information, organize quantities and material lists, and read and organize test records. They cannot replace on-site verification of absence of voltage and circuit verification, root-cause judgement, work to code, or work permits, and do not bear safety or compliance responsibility. AI Impact Score 25% is an editorial estimate. Model impact index for three equally weighted representative core tasks; not a measured share of working time or a job-loss probability. floor((50+0+25)/3+0.5)=25; fermatmind-ai-impact-v1; 2026-10-18.The three tasks, ratings and sources are listed in the FermatMind method source record on this page.
FermatMind AI Impact Score estimation method v1
FermatMind / 费马测试 · 2026-10-18
Editorial ratings use the existing occupational responsibilities and AI task analysis on this page. They are not adoption rates, measured effects, job-disappearance or personal-unemployment probabilities, or official scores from Stanford or another external institution. No measured time weights or future robot deployment are assumed.
Mainland China wage reference
Chinese wage scope
Public-material classification
Insufficient evidence: nationwide statistics for this specific occupation have not been obtained
Insufficient evidence: nationwide mainland China wage percentiles precisely matching this specific occupation have not been obtained. In 2025, nationwide annual average wages before tax in non-private/private construction were CNY 92,036/66,275; manufacturing CNY 113,594/76,055. Use as broad-scope proxies based on the actual employer's industry, not electricians' median or take-home pay.
Insufficient evidence: do not substitute a single recruitment offer for occupational wages
U.S. wage reference
For the U.S. O*NET-SOC 47-2111.00 specific occupation, the nationwide median annual wage in 2025 was USD 63,190 (median hourly wage USD 30.38); the five percentile figures come from the same source. Preserve occupation, period, and units when using them.
| Scope | Value | Statistical position | Limitations |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lower end | USD 42,640 per year (nationwide 10th percentile, 2025) | Nationwide 10th percentile | Lower end: 10th percentile, USD 42,640 per year; the lower end of the distribution, not an entry wage. |
| Median | USD 63,190 per year (USD 30.38 per hour, month 5 of 2025) | Nationwide median | Median: USD 63,190 per year (USD 30.38 per hour, month 5 of 2025); half of workers earn below and half above this value. |
Occupational fit guide
The key question is not "can you endure hardship". Instead, consider whether you can follow codes and procedures, clearly document measurements and inspections, and are willing to stop and seek confirmation when status is unclear or permission is insufficient.
Worth exploring through further experience： Willing to clearly document de-energization, voltage verification, procedures, and measurement results for each job so others can review them.
First check practical conditions： When drawing versions conflict or verbal instructions are unclear, first document differences and seek confirmation rather than build on experience alone.
Try a small experience first： Stay alert to live electricity, height, and confined spaces; prefer stopping once to skipping a step.
Work pressure and occupational boundaries
The six risk categories and measures are editorial summaries; no measured accident rates or risk reduction have been obtained. They do not replace actual safety procedures.
These prompt checks based on tasks, work context, and the scope of listed regulations; construction, height, confined spaces, and specific technical codes have not been checked individually. This does not claim that all codes have been verified.
Typical scenario：A circuit may still be live before work, or other energy sources may not have been isolated.
Main roles：On-site installation and repair roles
Possible consequences：May cause electric shock, arc burns, or equipment damage.
Reduce risks：De-energize, verify absence of voltage, ground, and tag according to the work permit; only authorized personnel may operate.
Entry, qualifications, and career development
BLS: a typical U.S. apprenticeship lasts 4–5 years, with high-school or equivalent preparation; check most states' licensing requirements against actual rules. O*NET education responses of 62% postsecondary certificate, 31% high school, and 2% below high school are not Chinese entry requirements.
Occupational outlook and transitions to related occupations
47-2111: employment in 2025 of 821,000; growth of 9% from 2025 to 2035; average annual openings of 72,700, including replacement needs. Average annual openings of 72,700 include growth and replacement needs, not net additions, current vacancies, or hiring probability.
United States · O*NET-SOC 47-2111.00 (Electricians)
9% (overall forecast)
Employment growth
BLS describes building-system upgrades, renewable-energy connections, and electricity demand from AI data centres supporting grid upgrades as qualitative forecast context; 9% is not an estimate of AI causation.
Cannot establish：Forecasts are not actual outcomes or guarantees of individual employment.
Install, maintain, and repair electrical wiring, equipment, and fixtures: follow drawings and codes to install conduit, pull wires, make connections, and secure equipment; de-energize, verify absence of voltage, and test; troubleshoot faults; energize according to procedure and hand over work records.
This occupation mainly installs and repairs electrical wiring, equipment, and fixtures in buildings and facilities, following building electrical codes, licensing, and work permits. Equipment installers and repairers mainly repair equipment itself in industrial, transport, and power facilities; electrical engineers handle design calculations, compliance conclusions, and signing design documents.
Choose a real task from this page for a small practice project or a conversation with someone in the field. Use the planning guides to set a date, an output and feedback questions before deciding whether to continue.
This only checks preferences for ways of working. It does not assess physical strength or licensing eligibility, or make a hiring decision.
Check with a single paper-based work task: You receive a fictional drawing and code excerpts to see whether you can sequence the work, list checkpoints, and specify measurement criteria.
Including power distribution, lighting, controls, and grounding
Main deliverables are on-site work records and acceptance checks
Completion means the entire chain from confirming drawings and codes, site and energy status, installation and wiring, testing and review, through energization and handover; If any step lacks a basis, records, or permission, its results cannot proceed to the next step.
| Dimension | Main path | Comparison path |
|---|---|---|
| Drawings and codes | Consistent versions and applicable provisions | Document the basis and unresolved items; stop and escalate conflicts |
| Energy status | De-energization, verification of absence of voltage, and grounding confirmed | Record the inspector, time, and results |
| Installation and wiring | Complete to code and check torque and grounding | Retain procedure and material records |
| Testing and review | Complete insulation and circuit tests against the criteria | Retain raw readings and measurement conditions |
| Energization | Follow the work permit and procedures | Energize after confirmation by an authorized role |
| Change control | Assess and review the impact of changes | Retain version and approval records |
| Handover and archiving | Enter work records in a controlled register | Retain the responsible person and supporting basis |
Install electrical wiring, equipment, and fixtures according to drawings and current codes, documenting procedures and materials.
Follow the work permit to de-energize, verify absence of voltage, ground, and tag; work may begin only after energy status is confirmed.
Use instruments and tools to test insulation, grounding, and circuits, recording readings and measurement conditions each time.
Troubleshoot faulty circuits, identify causes, and repair or replace components according to codes.
Within your authorization, energize according to procedure and hand over work and acceptance records; stop and escalate abnormalities.
Coordinate with project teams, other trades, and suppliers, clarifying interfaces, work sequencing, and boundaries of safety responsibility.
Electricians install and maintain power, communication, lighting, and control systems in homes, commercial premises, and factories; the installers-and-repairers group also covers five equipment specialisms. Electrical engineers research, design, develop, and test, and may supervise implementation; the fact that they usually do not personally perform repairs is not an absolute boundary.
Electrical systems in buildings and facilities
Carry out on-site installation, testing, and repair
Apprenticeship experience and licensing
U.S. statistics cover this specific occupation
| Provide design support, assembly and testing, maintenance, and troubleshooting under engineering personnel's direction. |
| Handle test records and engineering support, usually without performing on-site wiring and installation. |
| Choose that occupation if you want testing and engineering support and are willing to work under engineers' direction; choose this occupation for frontline installation and repair. |
| Electrical engineers | Research and design electrical equipment, components, and systems, and sign design documents. | Handle design calculations, compliance conclusions, and document signing, usually without personally wiring or repairing. | Choose that occupation if you are willing to study theory over the long term and take design responsibility; choose this occupation if you prefer hands-on site work. |
|---|
| Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers | Install and repair HVAC, refrigeration, and ventilation equipment and piping. | The focus is HVAC and refrigeration equipment and piping; electrical work is limited to equipment controls and power-supply interfaces. | Choose that occupation if mechanical and refrigeration systems interest you more; choose this occupation if electrical systems themselves interest you more. |
|---|
| Industrial machinery mechanics | Install, maintain, and repair industrial machinery and production equipment. | The focus is mechanical, hydraulic, and pneumatic systems; electrical work centres on equipment control circuits. | Choose that occupation if you prefer maintaining machinery and equipment itself; choose this occupation if you prefer electrical systems in buildings and facilities. |
|---|
| Security and fire alarm systems installers | Install and maintain safety systems such as fire alarms, detection, and suppression systems. | The focus is specialized alarm and fire-protection equipment and associated codes. | Choose that occupation if specialized fire-protection and security codes interest you more; choose this occupation for general electrical installation and repair. |
|---|
Adjacent paths differ in work objects (electrical systems in buildings and facilities, equipment itself, or design documents), code systems, and entry requirements (apprenticeships and licences, engineering degrees, or professional qualifications). Before choosing, check the actual tasks and requirements of the target role.
Compare by first asking whether the work concerns electrical systems in buildings and facilities or equipment itself, then checking entry and licensing requirements.
This means tasks tools can complete under controlled conditions, such as retrieval, checklist organization, and draft records; it does not mean outputs can directly inform on-site work decisions.
This depends on whether information is digitized, internet access is allowed, data and permission models are reliable, and the employer's work-permit and safety systems.
This means changes in employment and task structure, requiring industry-level statistics; technical capability and adoption cannot directly establish job outcomes.
| Work specialism | Task | Current changes | Human control points |
|---|---|---|---|
| Codes and information | Consult electrical codes and product information | Can assist with retrieving provisions and product parameters and organizing key points. | Current code text and product markings govern; stop and escalate conflicts. |
| Drawings and positioning | Determine wiring and equipment locations from drawings | Can assist with organizing drawing versions and location lists. | The worker checks and confirms site dimensions and structural conditions. |
| Installation and wiring | Install conduit, pull wires, and make connections | Can assist with organizing procedures and material lists. | Follow codes for connection sequence, torque, and grounding, with review by the worker. |
| Testing and voltage verification | De-energize, verify absence of voltage, and test circuits | Can assist with organizing readings and record formats. | Voltage verification, grounding, and confirmation of de-energization must be performed on site by the worker. |
| Troubleshooting and repair | Locate faults and replace components | Can assist with retrieving past faults and listing hypotheses. | The worker confirms and documents root-cause judgements and replacement decisions. |
| Energization and handover | Energize according to procedure and hand over records | Does not provide automatic authorization | Follow work permits and employer procedures; an authorized role confirms energization. |
| Boundaries and abnormalities | Identify unclear status and out-of-scope situations | Adoption conditions: reliable drawing versions, equipment markings, measurement records, and permission models. | Stop and escalate when status is unclear, authority is exceeded, or conditions are not met. |
Evidence has three levels: what tools can do, whether they are actually used on site, and their effects on job numbers and structure. None can be inferred from another.
Site conditions differ across building wiring, equipment maintenance, and troubleshooting, so AI's role also differs.
AI mainly changesEditorial trial: organizing drawing versions and material lists; no measured acceleration has been obtained.
People remain responsible forThe worker remains responsible for on-site positioning, wiring workmanship, and acceptance checks.
AI mainly changesRetrieval of fault history and record organization can be assisted.
People remain responsible forThe worker remains responsible for root-cause judgement, component replacement, and energization confirmation.
AI mainly changesOrganization of readings and unit conversion can be assisted.
People remain responsible forThe worker remains responsible for voltage verification, measurement conditions, and retaining original records.
When AI enters the workflow, people still bear responsibility throughout the chain; preserve traceability through the following steps.
Check drawing versions, applicable codes, and work permits; document the basis and unresolved items.
Check site dimensions, structure, and circuit status; confirm de-energization, absence of voltage, and grounding.
Install conduit, pull wires, connect wiring, and secure equipment according to codes, documenting procedures and materials.
Complete insulation, grounding, and circuit tests against the criteria, recording each reading and measurement condition.
Energize according to procedure and hand over work records; stop and escalate abnormalities.
May cause noncompliant installation, rework, or failed acceptance.
Control:Control: current codes and product markings govern; check versions and applicability before work.
May cause electric shock, arc burns, or equipment damage.
Control:Control: de-energize, verify absence of voltage, ground, and tag according to the work permit; only authorized personnel may operate.
May misdirect troubleshooting and miss the actual fault.
Control:Control: tool outputs are only leads; the worker confirms and documents on-site measurements and voltage-test results.
May leave hidden defects and affect acceptance and long-term safety.
Control:Control: follow procedures and acceptance criteria, retaining checkpoint and retest records.
May put unverified changes into operation and endanger people and equipment.
Control:Control: follow work permits and employer procedures; an authorized role confirms energization and changes.
First learn electrical fundamentals and safety procedures, using practical-training records to build reviewable installation and measurement evidence.
Tools only assist with drafts; you remain responsible for the on-site confirmation, safety, and handover duties for which you are authorized, without automatically gaining authority to decide energization.
First check licensing, apprenticeship, and work-permit requirements in the target region; demonstrate capability through reviewable work records.
Define tool-use scope, review responsibilities, and work-permit requirements, ensuring that live-work and energization authority is granted only to qualified and authorized personnel.
Assisted tasks cannot establish a replacement rate; trial retrieval and records first, while on-site safety and permit decisions continue to depend on actual personnel authorization.
Source:O*NET OnLine — 47-2111.00 ElectriciansOriginal material ↗
No. Tool outputs are only leads; they must be checked against on-site measurements and voltage-test results, and the worker must confirm the root cause.
Source:NIST AI RMF1.0Original material ↗
You can trial code retrieval, checklists, and draft records; check accuracy and time spent first. No measured acceleration has been obtained.
Source:O*NET OnLine — 47-2111.00 nationwide wage figures at five percentilesOriginal material ↗
People usually start as apprentices or assistants, using practical-training and supervised-training records to demonstrate that they can follow procedures, use instruments correctly, and leave reviewable records.
Source:O*NET OnLine — 47-2111.00 nationwide wage figures at five percentilesOriginal material ↗
Focus on current electrical codes, tool and instrument use, work permits and lockout/tagout procedures, and local licensing requirements.
Source:BLS OOH — ElectriciansOriginal material ↗
Yes. Building wiring, industrial maintenance, equipment repair, and line operation and maintenance differ in work objects, codes, and authorization. Check the target role when choosing a specialism.
Source:Ministry of Emergency Management: Provisions on the Administration of Safety-Technical Training and Assessment for Special-Operations Personnel (Order No. 19 of 2025)Original material ↗
They serve only as directional references. Employment and wages are statistics; actual requirements depend on job notices in the target region, licensing rules, and employer conditions.
Source:NIST AI RMF1.0Original material ↗
Assess technical capability, actual adoption, and job outcomes separately; none substitutes for another.
Historical case status
| Role or scope | Pay and disclosure | Applicability and gaps |
|---|---|---|
| Entry requirements | On-site electrical installation and repair roles | Similar roles often begin in electrical installation, repair, or construction; education requirements follow the employer's recruitment conditions. |
| On-the-job training | Codes and tools | On-the-job training focuses on current electrical codes, tool and instrument use, and work-permit and safety procedures. |
| Work and release approval | Live electrical work, de-energization, and energization | For live electrical work, work at height, and confined-space work, verify certificates and work authorization against the workplace and employer's requirements. |
| Occupational wage scope | Nationwide, specific occupation | Occupational wage scope: insufficient evidence; no nationwide distribution for this specific occupation has been obtained. |
When you see a recruitment figure, first check whether it is monthly, annual, hourly, daily, piece-rate, or inclusive of benefits.
Building installation and electromechanical engineering involve roles in electrical installation, testing, and repair.
Do not substitute industry averages for occupational wages.
Manufacturing and facilities operations and maintenance involve equipment electrical maintenance and fault-handling roles.
Check the specific role.
Property management and repair services involve routine electrical repair and emergency repair roles.
Check the specific role.
Assistance with information and records is an editorial suggestion; this round obtained no evidence of adoption by electricians in China or causal changes in wages or demand.
| Higher end | USD 108,510 per year (nationwide 90th percentile, 2025) | Nationwide 90th percentile | 90th percentile, USD 108,510 per year (2025), not a seniority grade, income ceiling, or qualification premium. |
|---|
Wages · 10th percentile：USD 42,640 per year (nationwide 10th percentile, 2025)；Nationwide 10th percentile； not an entry wage.
Wages · 25th percentile：USD 49,430 per year (exact same-year percentile from 2025)；Nationwide 25th percentile, from the same wage statistical scope.
Wages · median：USD 63,190 per year (USD 30.38 per hour, month 5 of 2025)；Nationwide median (month 5 of 2025)； half of workers earn below and half above this value.
Wages · 75th percentile：USD 83,940 per year (exact same-year percentile from 2025)；Nationwide 75th percentile, from the same wage statistical scope.
Wages · 90th percentile：USD 108,510 per year (nationwide 90th percentile, 2025)；Nationwide 90th percentile； does not represent continuous paid hours or total income.
The statistical population is the specific U.S. O*NET-SOC 47-2111.00 occupation, "Electricians", covering electrical installation, maintenance, and repair in buildings and facilities; it is not equivalent to electrical engineers or equipment repairers.
They cannot be extrapolated directly. Nationwide wage percentiles precisely matching this occupation in mainland China have not been obtained; industry or broad personnel-category averages and recruitment offers cannot substitute for them.
No. Medians and percentiles are statistics; individual pay depends on region, industry, licensing, and experience, and openings do not equal hiring probability.
Use these to understand scale and scope: first check occupation, region, period, and units, then certification and whether overtime or piecework is included. Keep U.S. and Chinese figures in separate columns.
| Industry | Original source value | How to interpret |
|---|---|---|
| Government (excluding state and local education and hospitals) (month 5 of 2025) | USD 79,820 per year (median for electricians within the industry) | USD 79,820 per year; median wage of electricians in government (excluding state and local education and hospitals), not an industry average. |
| Manufacturing (month 5 of 2025) | USD 74,550 per year (median for electricians within the industry) | USD 74,550 per year; median wage of electricians in manufacturing, not an industry average. |
| Electrical contractors and other wiring installation contractors (month 5 of 2025) | USD 61,570 per year (median for electricians within the industry) | USD 61,570 per year; median wage of electricians at electrical contractors and other wiring installation contractors, not an industry average. |
| Employment services (month 5 of 2025) | USD 57,760 per year (median for electricians within the industry) | USD 57,760 per year; median wage of electricians in employment services, not an industry average. |
The median in 2025 was USD 63,190 per year (USD 30.38 per hour); half of workers earn below and half above this value.
Industry and setting: pay differs across construction, manufacturing, and facilities operations and maintenance. Self-employment, overtime, and piecework also vary substantially; do not rely solely on the occupational title.
Check apprenticeship, licensing, and internal authorization separately; this round obtained no evidence of their causal wage premiums.
The overall forecast is not attributed to AI； employment stock and average annual openings do not equal net additions or current recruitment.
The overall forecast is not attributed to AI； employment stock and average annual openings do not equal net additions or current recruitment.
The overall forecast is not attributed to AI； employment stock and average annual openings do not equal net additions or current recruitment.
Realistic (R): on-site work, tools, and equipment; Conventional (C): following codes, procedures, and records.
Interest code RC only describes work-activity preferences; it is not a conclusion about ability, hiring, or personality.
Are you willing to document each step of a procedure?
Use reviewable work records to check whether de-energization, voltage verification, checkpoints, and measurement results are documented.
Do not use it this way:Does not diagnose personality or make a hiring decision.
Explore my vocational interestsWill you check code and drawing versions before working?
Use a fictional task to observe whether current codes and controlled drawing versions are confirmed first.
Do not use it this way:Makes no conclusion about licensing eligibility.
Explore my Big Five traitsWill you proactively confirm energy status and protection measures?
Use a hypothetical job to see whether de-energization, voltage verification, grounding, and safety monitoring are confirmed.
Do not use it this way:Does not score ability.
Explore my personality preferencesCan you stand for long periods, work at height, and lift and carry?
Use a practical-training task to observe whether physical work is completed with protection measures in place.
Do not use it this way:Does not constitute a medical assessment or hiring decision.
Explore clues to my motivationsAre you willing to keep up with changes in codes and tools?
Check learning records concerning updates to codes and tools.
Do not use it this way:Makes no personality conclusion.
Explore my cognitive performanceCan you retain safety steps under deadline pressure?
Use a rushed-deadline scenario to see whether de-energization, voltage verification, safety monitoring, and work permits are retained.
Do not use it this way:Does not score ability.
Explore clues to my communicationBetter match:Willing to install conduit, pull wires, and make connections according to drawings and codes.
Caution:Do not substitute experience-based values for codes and review.
Better match:Willing to test against criteria and record readings each time.
Caution:Do not substitute one measurement for retesting and confirmation.
Better match:Willing to learn maintenance of specific industrial, transport, or power equipment.
Caution:One certificate is not mutually recognized across all five subpaths in the group.
View related occupation:Electrical and electronics installers and repairers (electrical-and-electronics-installers-and-repairers)Better match:Willing to learn engineering testing and technical documentation.
Caution:On-site installation experience does not equal authorization for technical support.
View related occupation:Electrical and electronics engineering technologists and technicians (electrical-and-electronics-engineering-technicians)Better match:Willing to learn engineering calculations, power-system design, and verification.
Caution:Check the typical bachelor's degree and actual education requirements separately; an electrician certificate does not equal an engineering design qualification.
View related occupation:Electrical engineers (electrical-engineers)Better match:Willing to learn refrigeration cycles, piping, and equipment commissioning.
Caution:Check refrigerants and corresponding regulations separately; an electrician permit does not automatically cover them.
View related occupation:Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers (heating-air-conditioning-and-refrigeration-mechanics-and-installers)Observe willingness to follow procedures, record raw values, and accept review and safety-permit constraints; a single preference cannot determine suitability or unsuitability.
In the U.S. O*NET survey, approximately 62% reported requiring a postsecondary certificate and 31% a high-school diploma; most enter through apprenticeships or vocational-school training. In mainland China, education requirements follow the employer's recruitment conditions.
Most U.S. states require electrician licences; check specific state and local rules separately. In China, check training, examination, and certification under MEM19 Order against the actual listed work; employer authorization alone cannot replace legally required certification.
People usually start as apprentices or assistants, building reviewable work and measurement records through practical and supervised training.
Information retrieval and record organization can be assisted by tools, but the worker remains responsible for on-site voltage verification, fault judgement, work to code, and energization confirmation.
For this specific U.S. occupation, the median annual wage in 2025 was USD 63,190; corresponding single-occupation percentiles have not been obtained for mainland China, so U.S. figures cannot be extrapolated directly.
Work locations vary by project, including construction sites, factories, and facilities; work often requires height, lifting and carrying, and outdoor tasks, with more overtime around deadlines.
Drawing interpretation and code application, conduit installation, wire pulling and connection workmanship, instrument and tool use, troubleshooting, safety procedures, and work-record skills.
Use a paper-based work task to complete the entire cycle: read drawings and codes, sequence procedures, list checkpoints and measurement criteria, and clearly describe abnormalities and stop conditions.
This page is a career-exploration reference, not operating instructions or a basis for licensing or hiring; actual requirements follow applicable codes, licensing rules, and job notices.
Basis：OSHA29 CFR1910.333
Typical scenario：Citing a repealed code version or outdated drawings.
Main roles：Installation and acceptance roles
Possible consequences：May cause noncompliant installation, rework, or failed acceptance.
Reduce risks：Current codes and controlled drawing versions govern; check versions and applicability before work.
Basis：O*NET OnLine — 47-2111.00 Electricians
Typical scenario：Omitting mechanical protection, torque checks, or grounding measures.
Main roles：Installation and wiring roles
Possible consequences：May leave hidden defects and affect long-term safety.
Reduce risks：Follow procedures and workmanship requirements, retaining checkpoint records and retest data.
Basis：O*NET OnLine — 47-2111.00 Electricians
Typical scenario：The measurement range, connections, or measurement conditions are not recorded.
Main roles：Testing and record-keeping roles
Possible consequences：May produce incorrect conclusions and conceal insulation or grounding defects.
Reduce risks：Retain each raw reading and its conditions, compare each item with the criteria, and separately document and retest abnormalities.
Basis：O*NET OnLine — 47-2111.00 Electricians · Ministry of Emergency Management: Provisions on the Administration of Safety-Technical Training and Assessment for Special-Operations Personnel (Order No. 19 of 2025)
Typical scenario：Energizing or modifying a circuit without permission.
Main roles：Energization and change roles
Possible consequences：May put unverified changes into operation and endanger people and equipment.
Reduce risks：Follow work permits and employer procedures; an authorized role confirms energization and changes.
Basis：OSHA29 CFR1910.333 · Ministry of Emergency Management: Provisions on the Administration of Safety-Technical Training and Assessment for Special-Operations Personnel (Order No. 19 of 2025)
Typical scenario：Insufficient protection when working on ladders, scaffolds, roofs, or in confined spaces.
Main roles：Height and confined-space roles
Possible consequences：May cause falls, collisions, or confined-space injuries.
Reduce risks：Follow work-permit and protection requirements, provide safety monitoring, and confirm access routes and lighting.
Basis：O*NET OnLine — 47-2111.00 Electricians · Ministry of Emergency Management: Provisions on the Administration of Safety-Technical Training and Assessment for Special-Operations Personnel (Order No. 19 of 2025)
| Entry path | Main early tasks | Employer requirements and observation evidence | How to demonstrate capability without experience | Differences from other paths |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Entry into building electrical installation | Under a trainer's supervision, install conduit, pull wires, assist with connections, and document procedures. | Drawing-reading skills, basic tool use, and safety awareness. | Show a reviewable process through procedure records and measurement data from practical training. | Focuses on wiring in buildings and facilities, requiring attention to codes and workmanship. |
| Entry into industrial and facilities maintenance | Under a trainer's supervision, carry out equipment electrical maintenance, routine checks, and fault records. | Electrical fundamentals, instrument use, and safety procedures. | Show your troubleshooting approach through inspection and fault-finding records. | Focuses on equipment maintenance, requiring attention to de-energization, energization, and work permits. |
| Entry into equipment repair | Under a trainer's supervision, replace components and test insulation and grounding. |
Check education, training, and certificate requirements in recruitment notices; record the notice date and whether recruitment remains open.
Check explicit requirements such as drawing reading, conduit installation and wire pulling, instrument use, and troubleshooting; distinguish "familiar with" from "proficient in".
Check whether independently performing live electrical work, work at height, or energization is required; distinguish assisting from taking independent responsibility.
Check requirements for specific safety training, work-permit experience, or industry entry conditions.
Create a work plan from fictional drawings, including procedures, checkpoints, and safety measures.
Record measurement conditions, instruments, readings, and comparisons with criteria.
Clearly document the investigation of a fictional fault as "symptom—hypothesis—verification—conclusion".
Simulate a circuit change and clearly describe its impact, retest items, and approving roles.
| Situation | What to check | How to observe | What cannot be inferred from this |
|---|---|---|---|
| Interview | Whether you can explain work procedures and safety measures. | Check whether de-energization, voltage verification, protection, and checkpoints are clearly documented. | When conditions are not met, the employer and role requirements determine the outcome, not the individual. |
| Practical review | Whether you can complete a wiring or testing task according to codes. | Check workmanship, torque, grounding, and reading records. | If you do not pass, you must not independently undertake live electrical work or energization. |
| Probation and supervised-training period | Complete routine work under supervision and leave records. |
| Qualification / preparation item | Who it mainly suits | Practical role in job seeking | Is it a universal entry requirement? | Application / processing conditions | Investment considerations | Important limitations |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High-school diploma plus apprenticeship | Main route into most entry-level U.S. roles | Yes: typical entry path | Typical U.S. preparation; check specific apprenticeship and equivalent conditions against state and local programmes. | Apply and schedule according to the local apprenticeship programme | BLS: typically 4–5 years of apprenticeship and on-the-job training. | Completing an apprenticeship does not automatically grant a licence |
| Vocational school or postsecondary certificate |
Provide drawing versions, applicable provisions, and work conditions as exercise inputs.
Exercise output: list procedures, checkpoints, and unresolved items.
Provide instrument ranges, measurement methods, and acceptance criteria.
Exercise output: state the source and applicability of the criteria for this test.
Provide successive readings and measurement conditions, including one out-of-limit value and one missing condition.
Exercise output: mark the out-of-limit item and the item with missing conditions, and state retest requirements.
List reference deliverables and boundaries that must not be crossed (without actual live electrical work, work at height, or energization).
Copy an applicable provision and state its scope and uncertainties.
Use fictional drawings to sequence procedures, checkpoints, and required tools.
State pass criteria, measurement conditions, and instrument requirements.
List verification steps and possible conclusions based on symptoms and hypotheses.
Simulate a work record including de-energization, voltage verification, procedures, and readings.
Change one site condition and one criterion separately, clearly describing effects and retest items.
Summarize conditions requiring stopping and escalation in a one-page review record.
Typical responsibilities：Under a trainer's supervision, install conduit, pull wires, assist with connections, and document procedures.
Evidence for advancement：Practical and supervised-training records, procedure records, and measurement records.
Qualification boundaries：Verify against workplace and employer requirements.
Next step：Independently install routine circuits, subject to review.
Typical responsibilities：Independently complete electrical installation and testing in buildings and facilities according to drawings and codes.
Evidence for advancement：Installation and acceptance records, and measurement data.
Qualification boundaries：Verify against workplace and employer requirements.
Next step：Undertake complex circuit and equipment installation.
Typical responsibilities：Responsible for complex installation, fault handling, and procedure quality checks.
Evidence for advancement：Troubleshooting and quality-inspection records.
Qualification boundaries：Verify against workplace and employer requirements.
Next step：Undertake on-site technical briefings and training.
Typical responsibilities：Arrange tasks, work permits, acceptance, and handoffs according to authorization.
Evidence for advancement：Work permits, acceptance records, and handoff records.
Qualification boundaries：Verify against workplace and employer requirements.
Next step：Check the next level's responsibilities and authorization boundaries.
Typical responsibilities：Choose one area to develop in depth, such as building wiring, industrial maintenance, equipment repair, or line operations and maintenance.
Evidence for advancement：Work records and training evidence for that specialism.
Qualification boundaries：Verify against workplace and employer requirements.
Next step：Fill gaps in codes and tools specific to the specialism.
Typical responsibilities：Undertake key installation, testing, or repair tasks in that specialism.
Evidence for advancement：Specialist work records and comparisons against measurements.
Qualification boundaries：Verify against workplace and employer requirements.
Next step：Review specialist criteria and safety measures.
Typical responsibilities：Complete testing, grounding, and acceptance checks to code, and resolve issues through closure.
Evidence for advancement：Test reports, deviation-handling records, and retest records.
Qualification boundaries：Verify against workplace and employer requirements.
Typical responsibilities：Arrange installation, repair, and material tasks within your authorization.
Evidence for advancement：A work plan with clear boundaries and responsible people.
Qualification boundaries：Verify against workplace and employer requirements.
Next step：Check handover and documentation.
Typical responsibilities：Organize pre-work briefings and safety checks and track hazards through resolution.
Evidence for advancement：Briefing and hazard-correction records.
Qualification boundaries：Verify against workplace and employer requirements.
Next step：Handle exceptions and disputes.
Typical responsibilities：Set stop-work conditions and report work beyond authority and hazards.
Evidence for advancement：Stop-work and escalation records.
Qualification boundaries：Verify against workplace and employer requirements.
Next step：Retain the basis for decisions.
Confirm wiring routes, equipment specifications, and work conditions from drawings and current codes.
Install conduit, pull wires, connect wiring, and secure equipment, recording each procedure, material, and checkpoint.
Test insulation, grounding, and circuits against criteria, locate faults, and document the basis for handling them.
Complete energization and handover records within your authorization, submitting them to an authorized role for confirmation.
United States · O*NET-SOC 47-2111.00 (Electricians)
821,000 people
Employment size
Employment size and openings are different metrics; openings include both growth and replacement needs.
Cannot establish：Statistics cover this specific occupation and exclude industrial equipment repairers and engineering technical personnel.
United States · O*NET-SOC 47-2111.00 (Electricians)
Approximately 81,000 openings
Projected openings
Tools change information retrieval and record organization, but the worker remains responsible for on-site voltage verification, fault judgement, and energization confirmation.
Cannot establish：An overall forecast has been obtained; the number of additional jobs caused by AI and current regional recruitment have not.
These are relationships between adjacent capabilities, not automatic promotion or exemption from further learning.
Transferable：Fundamentals of on-site electrical repair and measurement.
Gaps to fill：Must shift towards repair and commissioning of industrial and transport equipment itself.
View occupation detailsTransferable：Drawing reading, measurement, and records.
Gaps to fill：Must develop engineering calculations, test-criteria design, and documentation skills.
View occupation detailsTransferable：Fundamentals of electrical systems and codes.
Gaps to fill：Must develop design calculations, compliance conclusions, and design responsibility.
View occupation detailsTransferable：Tool use and on-site installation experience.
Gaps to fill：Must learn refrigeration cycles, piping, and refrigeration equipment.
View occupation detailsTransferable：Equipment maintenance and repair experience.
Gaps to fill：Must learn mechanical, hydraulic, and pneumatic systems.
View occupation detailsTransferable：Fundamentals of wiring and detection-equipment installation.
Gaps to fill：Must learn fire-protection codes, alarm systems, and coordinated-system commissioning.
View occupation detailsTransferable：Site construction and code awareness.
Gaps to fill：Must develop skills in inspection standards, reporting, and evidence collection.
View occupation detailsTransferable：Procedure and team-collaboration experience.
Gaps to fill：Must develop planning, quality, and safety-management skills.
View occupation detailsThe specific U.S. O*NET-SOC 47-2111.00 occupation, "Electricians"; O*NET labels it Bright Outlook.
BLS OES / O*NET reports a nationwide median annual wage of USD 63,190 in 2025 (median hourly wage USD 30.38); the five percentile figures are USD 42,640 / 49,430 / 63,190 / 83,940 / 108,510.
O*NET/BLS reports employment of approximately 818,700 people in 2024, projected growth much faster than average (7% or higher) from 2024 to 2034, and approximately 81,000 projected openings; openings include growth and replacement needs.
The National Bureau of Statistics materials checked this time cover only industry and broad personnel categories; nationwide wage percentiles precisely matching this specific occupation have not been obtained. This page records insufficient evidence and does not substitute industry averages or a single recruitment offer.
In the U.S. O*NET survey, approximately 62% reported requiring a postsecondary certificate and 31% a high-school diploma. Most regions require passing a licensing examination; verify actual workplace rules. Mainland China: where work falls within the Catalogue of Special Operations (such as low-voltage or high-voltage electrical work), Article Four of Ministry of Emergency Management Order No. 19 requires specialized safety-technical training, passing assessment, and obtaining a Special Operations Operator Certificate before work may begin. Other specialized roles, such as construction electricians, must separately be checked against housing and urban-rural development authorities' and employers' requirements.
Information retrieval and record organization can be assisted by tools, but the worker remains responsible for on-site voltage verification, fault judgement, work to code, and energization confirmation; public sources are insufficient to conclude changes in job numbers.
Work locations vary by project, including construction sites, factories, and facilities; work often requires height, lifting and carrying, and outdoor tasks, with more overtime around deadlines and emergency repairs.
These are only directional references. Employment and wages are statistics; openings do not equal hiring probability, and U.S. figures cannot be extrapolated to mainland China. Actual requirements follow applicable codes, licensing rules, and job notices.
FermatMind research workflow
2026-09-20
This page's source and fact registers (O*NET, BLS OES, National Bureau of Statistics, etc.)
Usage limitations：The entry page does not provide figures for this occupation.
Usage limitations：Does not provide wage or demand figures for this occupation.
Usage limitations：The entry page does not provide figures for this occupation.
Usage limitations：Applies only to this specific U.S. occupation's scope; the median is not an entry wage, and openings do not equal net additions.
Usage limitations：Applies only to operations listed in the Catalogue of Special Operations; it is not a uniform qualification requirement for all electrician roles, nor a substitute for employer authorization or specialized industry requirements.
Usage limitations：Does not provide adoption-rate or job-outcome data for this occupation.
Usage limitations：Applies only to adjacent occupations, to explain differences between paths.
Usage limitations：Applies only to adjacent occupations, to explain differences between paths.
Usage limitations：Applies only to adjacent occupations, to explain differences between paths.
Usage limitations：Applies only to adjacent occupations, to explain differences in responsibility.
Usage limitations：The entry page does not provide occupational wage distributions.
Usage limitations：Interest results do not establish ability or a hiring conclusion.
Usage limitations：Cannot substitute for occupational wages; only explains scope boundaries.
Usage limitations：International information does not provide adoption-rate or replacement-rate data for this occupation.
Usage limitations：Explains statistical methods; does not replace specific occupational figures.
Usage limitations：Applies only to this specific occupation, not the occupational family or Chinese roles.
Usage limitations：Does not provide adoption-rate or job-change data for this occupation.
Usage limitations：Applies only to adjacent occupations, not wage conclusions for this occupation.
Usage limitations：Applies only to the U.S. context, not mainland China's certificate requirements.
Usage limitations：Method explanations do not replace specific occupational figures.
Usage limitations：Does not replace a specific country's or employer's work permits and safety procedures.
Usage limitations：Applies only to adjacent occupations, to explain differences between paths.
Usage limitations：Applies only to this specific occupation; percentiles are not seniority grades.
Usage limitations：Applies only to adjacent occupations, to explain differences between paths.
Usage limitations：Not electrical-work safety codes or measured adoption.
Usage limitations：Must be considered within Subpart S's actual scope; check construction and other industry codes separately. Not universally applicable to all workplaces.
Usage limitations：Editorial ratings use the existing occupational responsibilities and AI task analysis on this page. They are not adoption rates, measured effects, job-disappearance or personal-unemployment probabilities, or official scores from Stanford or another external institution. No measured time weights or future robot deployment are assumed.
Check 2025 wages and the 2025–2035 forecast, and the typical U.S. 4–5-year apprenticeship; regulations follow their actual scope. The protected FAQ has not been signed off for consistency across the entire page. Read education, training, certificate, and work-scope requirements in recruitment notices item by item; flexibility in one condition does not mean other conditions can be substituted. U.S. 47-2111 wages for month 5 of 2025, forecast 2025–2035; Chinese industry proxies do not replace precise electrician wages. This page is not operating instructions, a licence, or a work permit; live electrical work, height and confined-space work, and energization and acceptance may only be performed by certified and authorized personnel under applicable procedures and employer policies.
Test whether my vocational interests fit electrician work · Explore my Big Five traits · Explore my personality type · Explore my career anchors
Corresponding percentiles for this specific occupation have not been obtained
This page does not replace codes or licensing requirements
| Show rigour through test-criteria tables and retest records. |
| Focuses on repair and testing, requiring attention to measurement conditions and records. |
| Entry into line and lighting operations and maintenance | Under a trainer's supervision, inspect and repair light fixtures, distribution boxes, and lines. | Power-distribution fundamentals, work at height, and protection requirements. | Show on-site judgement through inspection and hazard-resolution records. | Focuses on operations, maintenance, and emergency repair, requiring attention to response and safety protection. |
|---|
| Entry into testing and acceptance | Under a trainer's supervision, test against criteria and organize acceptance documents. | Testing methods, understanding criteria, and recording standards. | Show compliance awareness through test reports and deviation-handling records. | Focuses on quality and acceptance, requiring attention to the source of criteria and retesting. |
|---|
| Stop immediately and retrain if authority is exceeded or rules are violated. |
| Period of independent responsibility | Independently complete routine installation and repair and hand over according to procedure. | Check work permits, acceptance records, and change records. | Handle violations or work beyond authority under employer policies. |
|---|
| Depends on the role: may serve as an entry route |
| No: not a universal requirement |
| Assess recognition by the institution and employer |
| One to two years of study and practical-training investment |
| Education does not equal licensing or work authorization |
| Associate degree | Some technical or management roles | Depends on the role: may serve as a supplementary route | No: not a universal requirement | Assess recognition by the institution and employer | Two years of study and practical-training investment | On-site work capability must be demonstrated separately |
|---|
| Electrician licence | An occupational condition required in most regions | Depends on jurisdiction: verify workplace rules | Yes: required in most regions | Must pass an examination and meet apprenticeship or experience-duration requirements | Examination, required experience duration, and maintenance costs | Valid only within its applicable jurisdiction and scope of work |
|---|
| Special Operations Operator Certificate | Common work-entry requirement in mainland China | Depends on the role: verify local rules | Certification is required for actual work listed in the catalogue, not merely determined by the employer. | Training, examination, and certification under current MEM19 Order; the conditional exemption in Article 9 exempts training, not examinations or certification. | Investment in training, examination, and renewal under current rules. | A certificate does not equal this employer's work permit |
|---|
| Employer authorization for work and energization | Roles undertaking live electrical work, energization, and acceptance | Yes: internal employer authorization | Internal authorization for duties is required; this is not a nationwide qualification certificate, and does not mean authorization is unnecessary. | Granted under employer policies and safety records | Investment in internal training and the period of responsibility | Cannot be inferred from a certificate or occupational title |
|---|
Next step：Take responsibility for compliance and acceptance conclusions.
Typical responsibilities：Provide technical judgement and on-site training in that specialism.
Evidence for advancement：Technical-briefing and training records.
Qualification boundaries：Verify against workplace and employer requirements.
Next step：Recheck authorization before expanding responsibility.
Typical responsibilities：Take responsibility for work permits, acceptance, and management of responsibilities under policies.
Evidence for advancement：Permit and acceptance records, and an evidence trail.
Qualification boundaries：Verify against workplace and employer requirements.
Next step：Develop towards construction management.
