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Grinding and Polishing Workers, Hand corresponds to U.S. 51-9022.00, grinding, sanding, and polishing multiple materials by hand or with hand-held power tools, checking dimensions / appearance, marking defects, and maintaining tools. The hand designation does not exclude fixed equipment; distinction from machine tool grinders / tool and die makers is made by real tasks. BLS current 2025—2035 employment for the precise occupation 51-9022 goes from 10.8→8.7 thousand, a change of −19.2%, a net change of −2.1 thousand, and an average of 0.7 thousand annual openings from replacements; each figure is rounded independently, and EP includes self-employment (2.5% in 2025) and differs from OEWS wages. Projections are not actual hiring, individual outcomes, or AI causality. O*NET still shows the prior 2024—2034 base period of 11,800 / decline of 1% or more / 800, which is not used as the current projection.
U.S. 51-9022.00 uses hand and hand-held power tools to grind, sand, and polish objects made of metal, wood, stone, clay, plastics, glass, and so on, including chipping / polishing / finishing. The 17 tasks, 13 core and 4 supplementary, have been verified: checking template dimensions / testing under controlled conditions 91, grinding and cleaning 89, measuring and marking 87, deburring 86, marking defects 85, reading drawings 84, controlling 81, loading and adjusting 79, maintaining 77, selecting abrasives 76, filing grooves and contours 67, sharpening 64, transferring 61; supplementary removing parts 80 / recording 72 / applying chemicals 64 / cleaning brass from files 14. Importance is not frequency or a safety license; the hand designation does not exclude fixed equipment, and materials / parameters and release follow actual authorization. This list is editorial self-questioning, not a safety operating procedure, hiring standard, or individual performance prediction.
Direct answer | the Grinding and Polishing Workers, Hand on this page are the precise occupation O*NET 51-9022.00 (Grinding and Polishing Workers, Hand), and the work can be divided into several categories: (one) drawing reading and preparation — studying blueprints or layout drawings to determine workpiece placement or saw out templates, measuring and marking equipment and objects or parts to ensure grinding and polishing standards are met, and selecting files or other abrasives according to material and size and shape and removal allowance and the specified surface quality and finishing process; (two) grinding and sanding and polishing — using hand tools and power tools to grind, sand, clean, or polish objects or parts to correct defects or prepare them for further finishing, operating controls to adjust and start or stop equipment, and loading and adjusting workpieces with hand tools; (three) trimming and deburring and filing — using chisels and scrapers and other hand tools to trim, scrape, or deburr objects or parts, and filing grooves and contours and irregular surfaces of metal dies and machine parts and the like to meet template and layout drawing or blueprint specifications; (four) defect marking and rework — marking defects such as knots and cracks and splits so they can be repaired, and reworking or segregating and registering them according to the defect; (five) inspection and recording — verifying the quality of finished parts by inspecting and comparing with templates, measuring dimensions, or testing in operating equipment, taking finished parts off the equipment or workbench and placing them into containers, and recording product and processing data on the designated forms; (six) tooling maintenance and surface treatment — repairing and maintaining equipment and objects or parts with hand tools, sharpening grinding tools with machine and hand tools, applying solutions and chemicals to equipment and objects or parts with hand tools, and cleaning brass chips out of file teeth with a file brush. Work cycle linkage: drawing reading and material and abrasive selection — clamping and rough grinding and stock removal — fine grinding and polishing and finishing — inspection and template comparison and measurement — defect marking and rework or segregation — recording and handover and tooling maintenance. This page does not conflate this occupation with the adjacent Crushing, Grinding, and Polishing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Cutting and Slicing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal Press and Shear Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Grinding, Lapping, Polishing, and Buffing Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic, Lathe and Turning Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Milling and Planing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic, Molders, Shapers, and Casters, Except Metal and Plastic, Tool and Die Makers, Tool Grinders, Filers, and Sharpeners, and Woodworking Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, nor does it extend the duties of a grinding and polishing position to replacing material and heat treatment determinations, surface standard interpretation, die design, or product release conclusions.
Median annual wage 42,660 U.S. dollars / median hourly wage 20.51 U.S. dollars (2025, BLS OEWS, this occupation (51-9022.00) own scope)
2025 U.S. national 10th/25th/50th/75th/90th percentile annual wages for this occupation 51-9022 are 33,480/37,450/42,660/49,980/60,810 U.S. dollars, hourly 16.09/18.00/20.51/24.03/29.23 U.S. dollars. OEWS includes production bonuses and commissions, and excludes non-production bonuses, overtime premiums, shift differentials, benefits, and self-employment. Percentiles are not starting pay, job level, or an individual's take-home pay; Source | https://www.onetonline.org/link/localwages/51-9022.00
BLS2025 national wages | https://www.onetonline.org/link/localwages/51-9022.00; BLS2025—2035 direct projection | https://www.bls.gov/emp/tables/occupational-projections-and-characteristics.htm; OEWS wage methods | https://www.bls.gov/opub/hom/oews/concepts.htm
Median annual wage 42,660 U.S. dollars / median hourly wage 20.51 U.S. dollars (2025, BLS OEWS, this occupation (51-9022.00) own scope)
2025 U.S. national 10th/25th/50th/75th/90th percentile annual wages for this occupation 51-9022 are 33,480/37,450/42,660/49,980/60,810 U.S. dollars, hourly 16.09/18.00/20.51/24.03/29.23 U.S. dollars. OEWS includes production bonuses and commissions, and excludes non-production bonuses, overtime premiums, shift differentials, benefits, and self-employment. Percentiles are not starting pay, job level, or an individual's take-home pay; Source | https://www.onetonline.org/link/localwages/51-9022.00
| Occupational direction | Starting tasks | Evidence you can prepare | Work you can show without experience | Difference from this occupation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tool Grinders, Filers, and Sharpeners | Assistance with cutting tool sharpening and inspection | Mechanical or materials training records and workshop internship records | A fictional key-points sheet for cutting tool sharpening and inspection | The object is cutting tool geometry and sharpening, while this occupation's object is workpiece surface processing |
| Tool and Die Makers | Assistance with die machining and assembly | Mechanical or die training records and internship records | A fictional key-points sheet for die machining and die trials | The output is die design and manufacture, while this occupation's output is workpiece surface processing |
U.S. 51-9022.00 uses hand and hand-held power tools to grind, sand, and polish objects made of metal, wood, stone, clay, plastics, glass, and so on, including chipping / polishing / finishing. The 17 tasks, 13 core and 4 supplementary, have been verified: checking template dimensions / testing under controlled conditions 91, grinding and cleaning 89, measuring and marking 87, deburring 86, marking defects 85, reading drawings 84, controlling 81, loading and adjusting 79, maintaining 77, selecting abrasives 76, filing grooves and contours 67, sharpening 64, transferring 61; supplementary removing parts 80 / recording 72 / applying chemicals 64 / cleaning brass from files 14. Importance is not frequency or a safety license; the hand designation does not exclude fixed equipment, and materials / parameters and release follow actual authorization.
The comparison focus is the main processing object and the way tools are operated. Hand 51-9022 may still operate fixed equipment and sharpen tools; 51-4194 is defined as precision smoothing / sharpening / polishing / grinding of metal, not only cutting tools. Tasks may overlap, and formal release follows position authorization, so a code cannot be used to assert that all other positions bear no responsibility for surface quality.
H1 paper exercise: given six complete fictional condition sets R1/I1—I5, judge the dimension / surface records of 5 parts, calculate the pass proportion and the theoretical removal amount, identify conflicts in equipment data and dust extraction failures, keep the original record and make the V2 correction, and hand in a 200-character note. Reference answers, works, and the seven-day independent self-check are in the entry section; use only a pen / calculator, and do not actually start equipment, grind, use chemicals, or measure real workpieces.
O*NET has been read for 41 work activities, 22 detailed activities, and 57 work context items: physical strength 98 / control 97 / handling 97 / decision making 95 / creativity 95 / checking 91 / monitoring 89 / mechanical maintenance 87 / information 82 / communication 81 as importance values. Contamination 77% daily, noise 72% daily, contact 42% continually, and precision 21% important are the response proportions of specific options, not hazard concentrations / incident rates or the situation for everyone; standing 16% about half the time and repetitive movement 16% less than half the time cannot be generalized to everyone standing all day. Hours / automation and other items are not shown with a complete distribution on this page, so check the specific contract. Editorial fit self-questioning: are you willing to read drawings and recompute, repeatedly check measuring tools / templates, record anomalies, and follow training and authorization? Actual exposure requires the employer to explain, and a high interest score cannot be used to skip protection.
O*NET has been read for 41 work activities, 22 detailed activities, and 57 work context items: physical strength 98 / control 97 / handling 97 / decision making 95 / creativity 95 / checking 91 / monitoring 89 / mechanical maintenance 87 / information 82 / communication 81 as importance values. Contamination 77% daily, noise 72% daily, contact 42% continually, and precision 21% important are the response proportions of specific options, not hazard concentrations / incident rates or the situation for everyone; standing 16% about half the time and repetitive movement 16% less than half the time cannot be generalized to everyone standing all day. Hours / automation and other items are not shown with a complete distribution on this page, so check the specific contract. BLS current 2025—2035 employment for the precise occupation 51-9022 goes from 10.8→8.7 thousand, a change of −19.2%, a net change of −2.1 thousand, and an average of 0.7 thousand annual openings from replacements; each figure is rounded independently, and EP includes self-employment (2.5% in 2025) and differs from OEWS wages. Projections are not actual hiring, individual outcomes, or AI causality. O*NET still shows the prior 2024—2034 base period of 11,800 / decline of 1% or more / 800, which is not used as the current projection. Editorial check: specific hours, shifts, hourly or piece-rate pay, overtime, and protection; no general prevalence of piece rates or seasonal overtime rates has been obtained.
Editorial advice: use H1 to check drawing reading, dimension judgment, recording, and handover; real abrasives / processes / equipment require training, approval, and on-site inspection, and dimensions cannot be judged by feel alone. Your own position authority and the institution's release / process responsibility follow the real system, and no uniform statutory qualification is claimed for all roles.
U.S. 51-9022.00 uses hand and hand-held power tools to grind, sand, and polish objects made of metal, wood, stone, clay, plastics, glass, and so on, including chipping / polishing / finishing. The 17 tasks, 13 core and 4 supplementary, have been verified: checking template dimensions / testing under controlled conditions 91, grinding and cleaning 89, measuring and marking 87, deburring 86, marking defects 85, reading drawings 84, controlling 81, loading and adjusting 79, maintaining 77, selecting abrasives 76, filing grooves and contours 67, sharpening 64, transferring 61; supplementary removing parts 80 / recording 72 / applying chemicals 64 / cleaning brass from files 14. Importance is not frequency or a safety license; the hand designation does not exclude fixed equipment, and materials / parameters and release follow actual authorization. O*NET has been read for 41 work activities, 22 detailed activities, and 57 work context items: physical strength 98 / control 97 / handling 97 / decision making 95 / creativity 95 / checking 91 / monitoring 89 / mechanical maintenance 87 / information 82 / communication 81 as importance values. Contamination 77% daily, noise 72% daily, contact 42% continually, and precision 21% important are the response proportions of specific options, not hazard concentrations / incident rates or the situation for everyone; standing 16% about half the time and repetitive movement 16% less than half the time cannot be generalized to everyone standing all day. Hours / automation and other items are not shown with a complete distribution on this page, so check the specific contract. 2025 U.S. national 10th/25th/50th/75th/90th percentile annual wages for this occupation 51-9022 are 33,480/37,450/42,660/49,980/60,810 U.S. dollars, hourly 16.09/18.00/20.51/24.03/29.23 U.S. dollars. OEWS includes production bonuses and commissions, and excludes non-production bonuses, overtime premiums, shift differentials, benefits, and self-employment; percentiles are not starting pay, job level, or an individual's take-home pay. BLS current 2025—2035 employment for the precise occupation 51-9022 goes from 10.8→8.7 thousand, a change of −19.2%, a net change of −2.1 thousand, and an average of 0.7 thousand annual openings from replacements; each figure is rounded independently, and EP includes self-employment (2.5% in 2025) and differs from OEWS wages. Projections are not actual hiring, individual outcomes, or AI causality. The current O*NET already shows 2025 employment of 10,800, a declining category for 2025—2035, and an average of 700 annual openings, consistent with the current BLS period.
Communication method | O*NET communication activity importance 81, continual contact with others 42%; this is not a verified proportion of work that is mainly verbal. Place and environment | contamination 77% daily and noise 72% daily are the response proportions of specific options, not concentrations or incident rates; actual materials / control measures must be checked separately. Precision and consequences | precision 21% important is a single option; check dimensions and appearance with measuring tools / templates, and do not rely on feel alone or extrapolate all error consequences. Decision and autonomy | decision activity importance 95; specific autonomy / release follows institutional authorization, and the complete distribution has not been verified. Team and leadership | continual contact with others 42%; collaboration interfaces must be checked, and no leadership authority for everyone is inferred. Hours and pressure | the weekly hours / scheduling / deadline items are not shown with a complete distribution on this page; hourly or piece-rate pay, overtime, and shifts should be checked against the contract, and piece rates or peak-season overtime are not called universal. Physical effort and posture | physical strength 98 / handling 97 as importance values; standing 16% about half the time and repetitive movement 16% less than half the time, with no inference that everyone stands all day. Output and quality | task importance checking template dimensions 91 / grinding and cleaning 89 / marking 87; records follow the actual drawing / process, and anomalies are re-checked and escalated. Compliance and boundaries | work safety / occupational health follow the actual hazard, dust explosion prevention is limited to combustible dust explosive enterprises; the environment follows the 2026 code, and parameters / permits follow the activity and authorization.
Work and record description | start from the drawings and process and templates, and first check the material state and allowance and surface requirements and protection and ventilation conditions before working; clamping and posture and support must follow the procedure and remain stable; abrasives and tools and grinding wheels must be selected and replaced and sharpened according to the rules with records kept; dimension and appearance inspection must be carried out with the specified measuring tools and templates and frequency and the measured values registered; defects and rework and segregation must be labeled and registered and handled according to the system; original records and revisions must be documented and corrections must keep the original value and the author and time and reason; materials that are controlled or involve trade secrets or involve customers and personal information are managed according to institutional and legal requirements; matters involving material and heat treatment determinations, surface standard interpretation, die design, or product release conclusions must be confirmed by positions or institutions with the corresponding qualifications, and important work and records must be reviewable by superiors and inspection and process teams.
2025 U.S. national 10th/25th/50th/75th/90th percentile annual wages for this occupation 51-9022 are 33,480/37,450/42,660/49,980/60,810 U.S. dollars, hourly 16.09/18.00/20.51/24.03/29.23 U.S. dollars. OEWS includes production bonuses and commissions, and excludes non-production bonuses, overtime premiums, shift differentials, benefits, and self-employment; percentiles are not starting pay, job level, or an individual's take-home pay.
Drawing reading and material and abrasive selection → clamping and rough grinding and stock removal → fine grinding and polishing and finishing → inspection and template comparison and measurement → defect marking and rework or segregation → recording and handover and tooling maintenance
Insufficient evidence: the NBS2025 urban unit industry and five-category position wage aggregates have been read, but no precise mapping of 51-9022.00 to a Chinese classification, national occupational wage percentiles, or employment scale has been obtained; the old MOHRSS links were not read as body text and are only search leads. No industry average, announcement rate, or U.S. figure is substituted, and it is not claimed that no national data exists. China's Work Safety Law requires position training, procedures, safety equipment, and hazard reporting; the Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Law arranges control / notification / training / occupational health surveillance according to actual exposure hazards, and does not treat routine physical examinations for everyone as the same requirement. Article 2 of the dust explosion prevention provisions is limited to industrial and trade enterprises with combustible dust explosion hazards, and Articles 8/9/11—19 cover special training, protection, identification, dust extraction / maintenance / cleaning / special overhaul; not all dust is explosive, and no general water treatment or PPE configuration is given. Article 9 of the Ecological Environment Code requires operators to prevent pollution, and Article 1242 takes effect on 2026-08-15 and repeals the old Environmental Protection Law; specific emission / waste / noise systems are checked by activity. Grinding wheels and ordinary machine tools are not automatically special equipment, and permits are checked only where they actually apply. Personal information protection is limited to identifiable personal information, and drawing / customer confidentiality is checked separately against the contract.
China's Work Safety Law requires position training, procedures, safety equipment, and hazard reporting; the Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Law arranges control / notification / training / occupational health surveillance according to actual exposure hazards, and does not treat routine physical examinations for everyone as the same requirement. Article 2 of the dust explosion prevention provisions is limited to industrial and trade enterprises with combustible dust explosion hazards, and Articles 8/9/11—19 cover special training, protection, identification, dust extraction / maintenance / cleaning / special overhaul; not all dust is explosive, and no general water treatment or PPE configuration is given. Article 9 of the Ecological Environment Code requires operators to prevent pollution, and Article 1242 takes effect on 2026-08-15 and repeals the old Environmental Protection Law; specific emission / waste / noise systems are checked by activity. Grinding wheels and ordinary machine tools are not automatically special equipment, and permits are checked only where they actually apply. Personal information protection is limited to identifiable personal information, and drawing / customer confidentiality is checked separately against the contract. Editorial risk examples: conflicting equipment / abrasive data, abnormal vibration, dust extraction failure, and out-of-tolerance conditions must be paused and escalated according to the system, and on-site measures are judged by trained and authorized personnel.
BLS current 2025—2035 employment for the precise occupation 51-9022 goes from 10.8→8.7 thousand, a change of −19.2%, a net change of −2.1 thousand, and an average of 0.7 thousand annual openings from replacements; each figure is rounded independently, and EP includes self-employment (2.5% in 2025) and differs from OEWS wages. Projections are not actual hiring, individual outcomes, or AI causality. The current O*NET already shows 2025 employment of 10,800, a declining category for 2025—2035, and an average of 700 annual openings, consistent with the current BLS period.
Drawing reading and preparation and abrasive selection → clamping and rough grinding and trimming and deburring → fine grinding and polishing and filing → inspection and template and dimension checking → defect rework and segregation and recording → handover and tooling maintenance and sharpening
China's Work Safety Law requires position training, procedures, safety equipment, and hazard reporting; the Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Law arranges control / notification / training / occupational health surveillance according to actual exposure hazards, and does not treat routine physical examinations for everyone as the same requirement. Article 2 of the dust explosion prevention provisions is limited to industrial and trade enterprises with combustible dust explosion hazards, and Articles 8/9/11—19 cover special training, protection, identification, dust extraction / maintenance / cleaning / special overhaul; not all dust is explosive, and no general water treatment or PPE configuration is given. Article 9 of the Ecological Environment Code requires operators to prevent pollution, and Article 1242 takes effect on 2026-08-15 and repeals the old Environmental Protection Law; specific emission / waste / noise systems are checked by activity. Grinding wheels and ordinary machine tools are not automatically special equipment, and permits are checked only where they actually apply. Personal information protection is limited to identifiable personal information, and drawing / customer confidentiality is checked separately against the contract. Parameters / sampling / acceptance follow the real process, and original records may be corrected with documentation, without erasing the original value or forging measured values.
Record the original value / changed value / reason / actual author and time, mark supplementary entries as supplements, and keep the original; anomalies and record conflicts are reported according to the process / inspection / safety duties, and release is not decided on one's own.
Boundary conclusion | this page corresponds to O*NET 51-9022.00 (Grinding and Polishing Workers, Hand), and the core difference from adjacent positions lies in the object and output and authorization level: this occupation takes hand grinding and sanding and polishing and trimming and deburring and filing of workpieces made of multiple materials with hand tools and power tools as its object, with output being qualified workpieces and dimension and appearance and defect records, working to drawings and templates and processes; Crushing, Grinding, and Polishing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders (51-9021.00) take machine setup and operation and batch grinding as their object; Cutting and Slicing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders (51-9032.00), Metal Press and Shear Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders (51-4031.00), Grinding, Lapping, Polishing, and Buffing Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic (51-4033.00), Lathe and Turning Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and Tenders (51-4034.00), and Milling and Planing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders (51-4035.00) each take the setup and machining of their own machine equipment as their object; Molders, Shapers, and Casters, Except Metal and Plastic (51-9195.00) take non-metal material molding and casting as their object; Tool and Die Makers (51-4111.00) take die and tooling design and manufacture as their object; Tool Grinders, Filers, and Sharpeners (51-4194.00) take cutting tool and tool sharpening as their object; and Woodworking Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders (51-7042.00) take woodworking machine processing as their object. Because the object and process and authorization level differ, authority for material and heat treatment determinations, surface standard interpretation, die design, or product release conclusions cannot be carried over across positions.
Core concept of adjacent positions | most positions in the same group and adjacent positions aim to process materials to the specified dimensions and surface within the process and safety and quality boundaries and to document this, differing in object and output and authorization level: some take hand grinding and polishing of multiple materials as their object, others take specific machine equipment or dies or cutting tool sharpening or woodworking machinery as their object.
Core purpose of this occupation | taking workpieces made of multiple materials and hand tools and power tools and drawings and templates and surface requirements as its object, complete hand processing within the process and safety and authorization scope: drawing reading and material and abrasive selection, clamping and rough grinding and trimming, fine grinding and polishing and filing, inspection and template and dimension checking, defect rework and segregation and recording, and handover and tooling maintenance, so that workpieces meet drawing and template and surface and tolerance requirements, and the process and records are traceable and boundaries can be explained.
Main object and basis of adjacent positions | Crushing, Grinding, and Polishing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders rely on equipment parameters and batch grinding processes; Cutting and Slicing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders rely on cutting processes and equipment parameters; Metal Press and Shear Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders rely on dies and press processes; Grinding, Lapping, Polishing, and Buffing Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Lathe and Turning Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and Tenders, and Milling and Planing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders rely on their own machine tool processes and cutting tools and tolerances; Molders, Shapers, and Casters, Except Metal and Plastic rely on materials and molds and molding processes; Tool and Die Makers rely on die design and metalworking and heat treatment; Tool Grinders, Filers, and Sharpeners rely on cutting tool geometry and sharpening specifications; Woodworking Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders rely on wood characteristics and woodworking machine processes.
Main object and basis of this occupation | taking the material and state of metal and wood and stone and clay and plastic and glass workpieces, drawings and layout drawings and templates and tolerances and surface roughness and appearance limits, abrasives and files and grinding wheels and hand-held power tools and measuring tools, clamping and posture and support and machine guarding, and dust and noise and chemicals and ventilation and occupational health requirements as its object, based on the process and drawings and templates and product standards and work safety and occupational health and environmental protection requirements and institutional process and quality systems.
U.S. 51-9022.00 uses hand and hand-held power tools to grind, sand, and polish objects made of metal, wood, stone, clay, plastics, glass, and so on, including chipping / polishing / finishing. The 17 tasks, 13 core and 4 supplementary, have been verified: checking template dimensions / testing under controlled conditions 91, grinding and cleaning 89, measuring and marking 87, deburring 86, marking defects 85, reading drawings 84, controlling 81, loading and adjusting 79, maintaining 77, selecting abrasives 76, filing grooves and contours 67, sharpening 64, transferring 61; supplementary removing parts 80 / recording 72 / applying chemicals 64 / cleaning brass from files 14. Importance is not frequency or a safety license; the hand designation does not exclude fixed equipment, and materials / parameters and release follow actual authorization. O*NET has been read for 41 work activities, 22 detailed activities, and 57 work context items: physical strength 98 / control 97 / handling 97 / decision making 95 / creativity 95 / checking 91 / monitoring 89 / mechanical maintenance 87 / information 82 / communication 81 as importance values. Contamination 77% daily, noise 72% daily, contact 42% continually, and precision 21% important are the response proportions of specific options, not hazard concentrations / incident rates or the situation for everyone; standing 16% about half the time and repetitive movement 16% less than half the time cannot be generalized to everyone standing all day. Hours / automation and other items are not shown with a complete distribution on this page, so check the specific contract. 2025 U.S. national 10th/25th/50th/75th/90th percentile annual wages for this occupation 51-9022 are 33,480/37,450/42,660/49,980/60,810 U.S. dollars, hourly 16.09/18.00/20.51/24.03/29.23 U.S. dollars. OEWS includes production bonuses and commissions, and excludes non-production bonuses, overtime premiums, shift differentials, benefits, and self-employment; percentiles are not starting pay, job level, or an individual's take-home pay. BLS current 2025—2035 employment for the precise occupation 51-9022 goes from 10.8→8.7 thousand, a change of −19.2%, a net change of −2.1 thousand, and an average of 0.7 thousand annual openings from replacements; each figure is rounded independently, and EP includes self-employment (2.5% in 2025) and differs from OEWS wages. Projections are not actual hiring, individual outcomes, or AI causality. The current O*NET already shows 2025 employment of 10,800, a declining category for 2025—2035, and an average of 700 annual openings, consistent with the current BLS period.
Core process of adjacent positions | Crushing, Grinding, and Polishing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders focus on equipment setup and feeding and batch grinding and inspection; Cutting and Slicing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders focus on equipment setup and cutting and dimension inspection; Metal Press and Shear Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders focus on die clamping and pressing and first-article inspection; grinding and lathe and milling machine operators focus on machine setup and cutting and measurement; Molders, Shapers, and Casters, Except Metal and Plastic focus on batching and molds and molding and curing; Tool and Die Makers focus on drawings and machining and heat treatment and assembly and die trials; Tool Grinders, Filers, and Sharpeners focus on cutting tool geometry and sharpening and inspection; Woodworking Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders focus on woodworking machine setup and processing and inspection.
Core process of this occupation | drawing reading and material and abrasive selection, clamping and rough grinding and stock removal, fine grinding and polishing and finishing, inspection and template and dimension checking, defect marking and rework or segregation, and recording and handover and tooling maintenance; every step must be documented according to process and safety and quality systems and must be reviewable by superiors and inspection and process teams.
Main output of adjacent positions | Crushing, Grinding, and Polishing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders produce batch ground parts and equipment parameter records; Cutting and Slicing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders produce cut parts and dimension records; Metal Press and Shear Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders produce pressed parts and first-article inspection records; grinding and lathe and milling machine operators produce machined parts and measurement records; Molders, Shapers, and Casters, Except Metal and Plastic produce molded parts and process records; Tool and Die Makers produce dies and tooling and die trial reports; Tool Grinders, Filers, and Sharpeners produce sharpened cutting tools and inspection records; Woodworking Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders produce wood parts and processing records.
Main output of this occupation | workpieces that meet drawing and template and surface and tolerance requirements, dimension and appearance and defect and rework records, abrasive and tool and grinding wheel and measuring tool use and replacement and sharpening records, process and parameter and tooling records, and traceable inspection and training and handling records.
Responsible parties for adjacent positions | responsibility for positions in the same group and adjacent positions is usually defined by the institution and process and safety and quality standards, and the responsibility objects are mostly production safety and product quality and equipment and personnel health.
This occupation is responsible for the drawing reading and material selection and grinding and polishing and trimming and inspection and recording it performs, and for work completed and verified according to drawing and process and safety and quality requirements; matters involving material and heat treatment determinations, surface standard interpretation, die design, and product release conclusions are decided by positions or institutions with the corresponding qualifications according to the system, and this occupation does not replace their decisions.
Authority and approval of adjacent positions | the authority of positions in the same group and adjacent positions comes from institutional authorization and process and qualification and systems, and usually does not include the authority to decide on conclusions and signatures and releases beyond one's own authorization or scope; matters involving material determinations and standard interpretation and die design and personal information and customer confidentiality should be referred to the corresponding position or institution.
Authority and approval of this occupation | process and abrasive and tool selection and equipment adjustment must be within the drawing and process and authorization scope; process parameters and process changes and tooling adjustments must be approved according to procedure; first-article and patrol inspection and non-conforming handling must be carried out according to the quality system and authorization; matters involving material and heat treatment determinations, surface standard interpretation, die design, product release, and external disclosure must obtain the corresponding position or institutional approval or be referred according to the system, and no unauthorized determination or release may be made.
Conclusion boundary of adjacent positions | the conclusions of positions in the same group and adjacent positions are mostly limited to this project and this process and this duty level and usually do not constitute a determination of product safety or compliance or legal liability; cross-disciplinary conclusions and those involving standard interpretation and release and legal use have scope limits.
Conclusion boundary of this occupation | work and inspection conclusions state only the verifiable drawing version and process and measured values and appearance and defects and tooling records, and distinguish on-site measured facts from judgment inferences and items to be verified; no unauthorized judgment or commitment may be made on matters beyond your authority (material and heat treatment determinations, surface standard interpretation, die design, product release); when material or workpiece defects, dimension or appearance out-of-tolerance, dust or noise or chemical exposure or protection failure, or tooling or tool anomalies or records inconsistent with the site occur, you must pause and escalate or refer, and the conclusion must withstand review by superiors and inspection and process and regulators.
Pre-onboarding check note | the following six items are for checking item by item before applying and onboarding, to avoid inferring actual duties and authorization from the job title or promotional language; the check results should be based on written recruitment information and the labor contract and position description and process and safety and quality system documents, and should be continuously confirmed after onboarding. This page only lists check directions and does not constitute a formal conditions list for any institution or position. Special note: this occupation often involves dust and noise and chemicals and hand-held power tools and grinding wheel work, so be sure to confirm the position's specific requirements on safety and occupational health training and protective equipment and ventilation and dust extraction and work permits and medical examinations.
Check point note | positions with similar names differ greatly in duties and authorization: some focus on metal part deburring and polishing, some on casting cleaning and finishing, some on stone or glass or jewelry grinding and polishing, some on die and cutting tool reconditioning, and some on batch workstations and piece-rate work; different institutions and jurisdictions also differ in the authorization for process parameter changes, first articles and release, die and cutting tool sharpening, and data disclosure.
01 Actual duties and authorization boundaries | check whether the position truly takes on independent drawing reading and material selection and grinding and polishing and inspection work, or is mainly assisting and handling and cleaning and loading; check the usable equipment and tooling and abrasives and measuring tools and templates and process documents, the dust and noise and chemical protection and ventilation and dust extraction and work permit requirements, the approval requirements for external disclosure of process and quality data, and the collaboration and reporting paths with upstream and downstream stages and inspection and process and equipment maintenance.
China's Work Safety Law requires position training, procedures, safety equipment, and hazard reporting; the Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Law arranges control / notification / training / occupational health surveillance according to actual exposure hazards, and does not treat routine physical examinations for everyone as the same requirement. Article 2 of the dust explosion prevention provisions is limited to industrial and trade enterprises with combustible dust explosion hazards, and Articles 8/9/11—19 cover special training, protection, identification, dust extraction / maintenance / cleaning / special overhaul; not all dust is explosive, and no general water treatment or PPE configuration is given. Article 9 of the Ecological Environment Code requires operators to prevent pollution, and Article 1242 takes effect on 2026-08-15 and repeals the old Environmental Protection Law; specific emission / waste / noise systems are checked by activity. Grinding wheels and ordinary machine tools are not automatically special equipment, and permits are checked only where they actually apply. Personal information protection is limited to identifiable personal information, and drawing / customer confidentiality is checked separately against the contract. Before onboarding, check the actual material hazards, equipment / tools, and approved procedures, and do not treat a portal home page as a safety standard.
China's Work Safety Law requires position training, procedures, safety equipment, and hazard reporting; the Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Law arranges control / notification / training / occupational health surveillance according to actual exposure hazards, and does not treat routine physical examinations for everyone as the same requirement. Article 2 of the dust explosion prevention provisions is limited to industrial and trade enterprises with combustible dust explosion hazards, and Articles 8/9/11—19 cover special training, protection, identification, dust extraction / maintenance / cleaning / special overhaul; not all dust is explosive, and no general water treatment or PPE configuration is given. Article 9 of the Ecological Environment Code requires operators to prevent pollution, and Article 1242 takes effect on 2026-08-15 and repeals the old Environmental Protection Law; specific emission / waste / noise systems are checked by activity. Grinding wheels and ordinary machine tools are not automatically special equipment, and permits are checked only where they actually apply. Personal information protection is limited to identifiable personal information, and drawing / customer confidentiality is checked separately against the contract. Before onboarding, check the actual material hazards, equipment / tools, and approved procedures, and do not treat a portal home page as a safety standard.
The U.S. O*NET new hire education requirements questionnaire: high school equivalent 37%, below high school 27%, which is not the distribution of credentials held by workers; the page does not show the remaining proportions completely, so they cannot be filled in to make 100%. Job Zone1—2 / SVP under 6 is a general preparation description, not a uniform term. The BLS2025 precise line is typically entry with no formal education credential, no relevant experience, and medium-term on-the-job training; specific employer education requirements are not excluded.
The U.S. O*NET new hire education requirements questionnaire: high school equivalent 37%, below high school 27%, which is not the distribution of credentials held by workers; the page does not show the remaining proportions completely, so they cannot be filled in to make 100%. Job Zone1—2 / SVP under 6 is a general preparation description, not a uniform term. The BLS2025 precise line is typically entry with no formal education credential, no relevant experience, and medium-term on-the-job training; specific employer education requirements are not excluded. No certification was found in the current certification catalogue, which does not imply that no certification exists in the U.S. or that no qualification exists in China; position skills and applicable statutory permits are checked separately.
O*NET has been read for 41 work activities, 22 detailed activities, and 57 work context items: physical strength 98 / control 97 / handling 97 / decision making 95 / creativity 95 / checking 91 / monitoring 89 / mechanical maintenance 87 / information 82 / communication 81 as importance values. Contamination 77% daily, noise 72% daily, contact 42% continually, and precision 21% important are the response proportions of specific options, not hazard concentrations / incident rates or the situation for everyone; standing 16% about half the time and repetitive movement 16% less than half the time cannot be generalized to everyone standing all day. Hours / automation and other items are not shown with a complete distribution on this page, so check the specific contract. Piece rates / shifts / allowances are contract check candidates, not a universal component of this occupation.
04 Pay and working hours and employment contract scope | check the composition of the pay for employment (base salary, piece-rate or output performance, night shift or high temperature or dust position allowances, overtime and bonuses, protective equipment and labor protection arrangements), working hours and shifts and rotation and peak-season overtime arrangements, contract term and order or project source, probation and assessment scope (quality pass rate and rework rate and safety and records and collaboration indicators), and whether product and process and customer data and trade secrets and personal information protection and insurance arrangements are involved.
Check point note | the interface relationships with upstream and downstream processes and inspection and equipment maintenance and process teams determine the work and inspection and responsibility boundaries, and must be clarified in advance.
05 Interface authority with upstream and downstream and inspection and equipment maintenance parties | check the confirmation path for drawings and processes and templates and first articles, the use and maintenance and calibration arrangements for equipment and tooling and abrasives and measuring tools, the path for non-conforming and rework and segregation and handling and escalation, the approval for process changes and release and external submission, and cross-team and cross-process handover and responsibility division.
Check point note | the traceability and documentation requirements for the drawing version and process and parameters and abrasives and tools and measuring tools and inspection and defects and handling records determine quality and safety and responsibility definition, and the norms for templates and time limits and revision and archiving and permissions and retention periods must be clarified in advance (data that is controlled or involves trade secrets or involves customers and personal information must also be managed under confidentiality and minimum necessity requirements).
06 Work and records and documentation requirements | check the drawing and process and template versions and actual use records, clamping and process and parameters and feel and tooling and abrasives and tool and replacement and sharpening records, dimension and appearance and surface and defect measured records, first-article and patrol inspection and non-conforming and rework and segregation and handling records, equipment and grinding wheel and protection and ventilation and training and medical examination records, and their templates and time limits and revision and archiving norms and retention periods and access permissions, the obligation to provide evidence and cooperate during institutional and inspection and safety and regulatory checks, and the requirement that records be truthful and not be rewritten without a trace or have measured values forged, and that corrections be documented.
Conclusion | the core difference between this page (O*NET 51-9022.00 Grinding and Polishing Workers, Hand) and adjacent positions lies in the object and output and authorization level: this occupation takes hand grinding and sanding and polishing and trimming and deburring and filing of metal and wood and stone and clay and plastic and glass workpieces with hand tools and power tools as its object, with output being qualified workpieces and dimension and appearance and defect records; Tool Grinders, Filers, and Sharpeners (51-4194.00) take cutting tool and tool geometry and sharpening and inspection as their object; Tool and Die Makers (51-4111.00) take the design and manufacture and heat treatment and die trials of dies and tooling as their object; Grinding, Lapping, Polishing, and Buffing Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic (51-4033.00) take the setup and operation and batch processing of grinding and polishing machine tools as their object; Metal Press and Shear Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders (51-4031.00) take dies and press and shear equipment operation as their object; Molders, Shapers, and Casters, Except Metal and Plastic (51-9195.00) take non-metal material molding and casting and curing and finishing as their object. Because the object and process and authorization level differ, authority for material and heat treatment determinations, surface standard interpretation, die design, or product release conclusions cannot be carried over across positions.
Evidence note | the comparison objects in the table below come from O*NET occupational classification and public materials and are used to help distinguish the work content and fit choices of adjacent occupations; they do not constitute qualification or hiring or pay conclusions, nor machining or material or dust or noise or chemical or work safety or investment advice. The wages and employment of each occupation must be checked separately under its own SOC scope, and this table makes no numerical comparison and does not use one occupation's wage as a proxy for another; process and safety and occupational health requirements must be checked against each jurisdiction and institution. The U.S. wages and employment on this page are the own scope of this occupation (51-9022.00) as presented by O*NET on the 51-9022.00 page (that page does not mark them as taken from a parent occupation and the projection shows a decline), and no adjacent occupation values are borrowed.
Preface | the following comparison unfolds in four columns: occupational direction — core work and output — key differences — which choice suits better. Hand grinding and machine processing and dies and molding are often linked within the same manufacturing enterprise or supply chain, but being linked does not mean they are interchangeable; when choosing across directions you should relearn that direction's materials and processes and equipment and protection and responsibility boundaries.
The comparison focus is the main processing object and the way tools are operated. Hand 51-9022 may still operate fixed equipment and sharpen tools; 51-4194 is defined as precision smoothing / sharpening / polishing / grinding of metal, not only cutting tools. Tasks may overlap, and formal release follows position authorization, so a code cannot be used to assert that all other positions bear no responsibility for surface quality.
Editorial self-questioning: you prefer multi-material hand tool processing, inspection, and documented records, and are willing to check the specific exposure and procedures under training.
Core work and output: study blueprints or layout drawings and measure and mark workpieces and equipment, select abrasives according to material and size and allowance and surface quality, use hand tools and power tools to grind and sand and clean and polish to correct defects or prepare for further finishing, trim and scrape and deburr and file, inspect and compare with templates and measure dimensions, mark defects and rework or segregate, and record product and processing data and maintain tooling and sharpen grinding tools; output is qualified workpieces and dimension and appearance and defect records (O*NET/SOC 51-9022.00).
This occupation: Grinding and Polishing Workers, Hand (O*NET/SOC 51-9022.00, Grinding and Polishing Workers, Hand)
51-4194 focuses on precision smoothing, sharpening, polishing, or grinding of metal, and also includes titles such as crankshaft / external cylindrical / saw filing / cutting tool; this occupation covers a wider range of materials and its definition emphasizes hand and hand-held tools. The two may overlap, and the adjacent direction is not limited to cutting tools.
Editorial self-questioning: you prefer precision metal grinding, polishing, or sharpening and the corresponding inspection; cutting tool geometry is one work direction within it and cannot represent all 51-4194 tasks.
Precision smoothing / sharpening / polishing / grinding of metal objects; tool sharpening is one direction within it, with output according to the specific drawing / inspection requirements.
Tool Grinders, Filers, and Sharpeners (51-4194.00)
51-4111 lays out to specifications, sets up and operates machine tools, and supports assembly and makes and repairs dies / cutting tools / jigs / gauges and the like; design / heat treatment may be involved depending on the task, and not everyone is fully responsible for design or holds release authority.
Better suited to people who are willing to work with die and tooling design and metalworking; this occupation leans more toward hand grinding and polishing and finishing of workpiece surfaces.
Make and repair dies, cutting tools, jigs, gauges, and the like to specifications and support assembly; position design / heat treatment responsibility must be checked separately.
Tool and Die Makers (51-4111.00)
51-4033 sets up / operates / tends metal and plastic grinding-related tools to remove stock and burrs, sharpen, and polish; this occupation's definition emphasizes hand and hand-held tools and covers a wider range of materials, so the two cannot be mechanically distinguished by whether the work is in batches or by level of responsibility.
Better suited to people who are willing to work with machine setup and operation and batch processing; this occupation leans more toward hand processing with hand-held tools and judgment by feel.
51-4033 sets up, operates, or tends metal / plastic grinding and polishing related machine tools, and parameters, clamping, and dimension / surface records are checked against the specific process; batch processing may be involved, and batch production is not a defining requirement.
Grinding, Lapping, Polishing, and Buffing Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic (51-4033.00)
Key difference: Metal Press and Shear Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders take die clamping and press and shear equipment operation and first-article inspection as their object, with output being pressed and sheared parts and first-article records; this occupation takes hand grinding and polishing of workpiece surfaces as its object, with output being qualified workpieces and appearance records, and usually does not bear responsibility for die and press process conclusions (but deburrs and finishes pressed parts).
Better suited to people who are willing to work with press and shear equipment operation and die clamping; this occupation leans more toward hand deburring and surface finishing.
Core work and output: clamp the die according to the process and run the press or shear equipment, control dimensions and appearance and perform first-article and patrol inspection; output is pressed and sheared parts and first-article records.
Cutting, Punching, and Press Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic (51-4031.00)
51-9195 molds / casts / carves products of clay, glass, plaster, concrete, stone, and the like, and includes sub-occupations with some profiles still to be collected; this occupation focuses on surface grinding, and the two can connect but are not mutually exclusive authorizations.
Better suited to people who are willing to work with non-metal material molding and casting and mold work; this occupation leans more toward surface cleaning and grinding and polishing and finishing of molded parts.
Core work and output: batch and mold and pour or press and cure and finish and inspect non-metal materials according to formulas and molds; output is non-metal molded parts and process records.
Molders, Shapers, and Casters, Except Metal and Plastic (51-9195.00)
Transition | this page lists adjacent positions side by side by object and output and authorization level, to help you judge which kind of hand surface processing or machine tool processing or die and cutting tool or molding position you want to invest in over the long term. Whichever direction you choose, what really determines whether you can take the job is the material and process and equipment and protection and qualification requirements of that direction, the ability to write dimension and appearance and defect and tooling records clearly, and the willingness to take responsibility for on-site safety and product quality; the interest questionnaire is only used to raise questions.
Entry and shadowing stage
Use tools in auxiliary steps that can be rolled back: organizing drawing and process and template material, entering processing and inspection data and drafting ledgers and reports, and organizing abrasive and tool and tooling ledgers; drawing reading and material selection and grinding and inspection are governed by the process and mentoring and authorization.
Independent grinding and polishing positions
Use digital tools for parameter and dimension and appearance records and defect classification and work order queries; feel and clamping and abrasive selection and inspection judgment remain your responsibility according to drawings and templates.
Skilled and tooling and quality positions
Use tools to summarize multi-batch data and pass rate and rework trends and process knowledge bases and training materials; complex and controlled matters (material and heat treatment determinations, surface standard interpretation, tooling and process changes) are confirmed by you together with process and quality positions.
Workstation and production management positions
Use tools for output and pass rate and working hours and cost statistics and reports and documentation and knowledge management; process and process changes and release and external disclosure conclusions must be approved by a person and documented.
Insufficient evidence: this round has not obtained a precise generative AI exposure level, actual robot adoption / substitution rate, or wage causality data for 51-9022.00. The O*NET tasks and software mentions do not support moderately high, clearly substituted, or that the whole occupation will not be replaced; ILO2025 is an ISCO task index, no precise SOC mapping for this page has been established, and it is not asserted that the study does not cover it. The following assistance candidates are editorial advice and require measured quality and investment and authorization; they are not adopted statistics. Mechanical automation and generative AI are assessed separately. U.S. 51-9022.00 uses hand and hand-held power tools to grind, sand, and polish objects made of metal, wood, stone, clay, plastics, glass, and so on, including chipping / polishing / finishing. The 17 tasks, 13 core and 4 supplementary, have been verified: checking template dimensions / testing under controlled conditions 91, grinding and cleaning 89, measuring and marking 87, deburring 86, marking defects 85, reading drawings 84, controlling 81, loading and adjusting 79, maintaining 77, selecting abrasives 76, filing grooves and contours 67, sharpening 64, transferring 61; supplementary removing parts 80 / recording 72 / applying chemicals 64 / cleaning brass from files 14. Importance is not frequency or a safety license; the hand designation does not exclude fixed equipment, and materials / parameters and release follow actual authorization. BLS current 2025—2035 employment for the precise occupation 51-9022 goes from 10.8→8.7 thousand, a change of −19.2%, a net change of −2.1 thousand, and an average of 0.7 thousand annual openings from replacements; each figure is rounded independently, and EP includes self-employment (2.5% in 2025) and differs from OEWS wages. Projections are not actual hiring, individual outcomes, or AI causality. The current O*NET already shows 2025 employment of 10,800, a declining category for 2025—2035, and an average of 700 annual openings, consistent with the current BLS period.
O*NET 51-9022.00 detailed information (tasks and work activities)
Used to define the task scope and work context of this occupation (inspecting and comparing with templates and measuring dimensions or testing in operating equipment to verify finished part quality 91, grinding and sanding and cleaning or polishing with hand tools and power tools to correct defects or prepare for further finishing 89, measuring and marking workpieces and equipment 87, trimming and scraping and deburring 86, marking defects for repair 85, studying blueprints or layout drawings 84, operating controls to adjust and start or stop equipment 81, loading and adjusting workpieces 79, repairing and maintaining equipment or objects 77, selecting abrasives according to material and size and allowance and surface quality 76; performing general physical activities 98, controlling machines and processes 97, handling and moving objects 97, making decisions and solving problems 95, thinking creatively 95, inspecting equipment structures and materials 91); U.S. occupational classification scope, which does not cover the dust explosion prevention and occupational health and environmental protection management regimes of mainland China.
BLS Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS 2025)
Used for the time-point estimate of U.S. wages and percentiles; this page takes the own scope of this occupation (51-9022.00) as presented by O*NET on the 51-9022.00 page, and does not call it an adjacent occupation's values.
BLS2025—2035 precise occupational projection
BLS current 2025—2035 employment for the precise occupation 51-9022 goes from 10.8→8.7 thousand, a change of −19.2%, a net change of −2.1 thousand, and an average of 0.7 thousand annual openings from replacements; each figure is rounded independently, and EP includes self-employment (2.5% in 2025) and differs from OEWS wages. Projections are not actual hiring, individual outcomes, or AI causality. The current O*NET already shows 2025 employment of 10,800, a declining category for 2025—2035, and an average of 700 annual openings, consistent with the current BLS period.
O*NET 51-9022.00 hot technologies (software skills)
O*NET detailed software has 2 categories: spreadsheet Excel and word processing Word; the hot page for 2025 U.S. job postings mentions the same 2 items, both with Not available proportions, which does not mean positions use only two software programs, or that AI has been adopted, or that there is a uniform programming threshold.
ILO research on generative AI and occupational exposure in employment
ILO2025 uses ISCO occupational tasks for assessment and gives graded exposure; no precise mapping for 51-9022 or actual adoption causality has been established, and it is not called a broad group only or non-covering.
NIST Artificial Intelligence Risk Management Framework (AI RMF 1.0)
Used for general governance and risk control principles; not a machine safety or dust explosion prevention or occupational health standard.
O*NET 51-9022.00 work context (contaminants and noise and contact)
O*NET has been read for 41 work activities, 22 detailed activities, and 57 work context items: physical strength 98 / control 97 / handling 97 / decision making 95 / creativity 95 / checking 91 / monitoring 89 / mechanical maintenance 87 / information 82 / communication 81 as importance values. Contamination 77% daily, noise 72% daily, contact 42% continually, and precision 21% important are the response proportions of specific options, not hazard concentrations / incident rates or the situation for everyone; standing 16% about half the time and repetitive movement 16% less than half the time cannot be generalized to everyone standing all day. Hours / automation and other items are not shown with a complete distribution on this page, so check the specific contract.
Editorial candidate comparison: batch surface processing equipment and generative tools are trialed separately; text / statistics assistance must be re-checked, and process parameters, protective measures, release, and responsibility are decided by the actual authorization system. No actual substitution rate has been obtained.
Editorial candidate: evaluate equipment assistance suited to the workpiece, without claiming that it has generally replaced manual work.
Drawing reading and material and process and abrasive selection and clamping and tooling coordination
Editorial candidate: summarize or draft from already-verified output, pass rate, rework, and working-hour data; specific efficiency gains require trials and are not inferred from software mentions.
Hand finishing and defect determination and rework for complex curved surfaces and irregular parts
Editorial candidate: generate draft training materials, then check against process, templates, equipment, and safety requirements; the adoption effect for this occupation has not been verified.
Process and process changes and release and external disclosure and safety and quality responsibility
A source supports only its actual occupation / year / jurisdiction and indicators; O*NET task descriptions, hot software, BLS projections, the ILO exposure index, and NIST governance do not directly prove the adoption rate or substitution causality for this occupation.
An occupation-level description, not an automation rate or quality risk rating
O*NET 51-9022.00 detailed information
Tasks and work context are an occupation-level description showing high physical strength and manual operation and equipment control and exposure characteristics
Editorial judgment: complex workpieces / tooling / inspection require human-machine division of labor to be assessed against the actual process, and the share of manual tasks has not been verified.
Not applicable to other jurisdictions; this occupation's scope only; the median is not equal to starting pay
BLS OEWS (2025, this occupation (51-9022.00) own scope)
A time-point sample estimate of U.S. wages
2025 U.S. national 10th/25th/50th/75th/90th percentile annual wages for this occupation 51-9022 are 33,480/37,450/42,660/49,980/60,810 U.S. dollars, hourly 16.09/18.00/20.51/24.03/29.23 U.S. dollars. OEWS includes production bonuses and commissions, and excludes non-production bonuses, overtime premiums, shift differentials, benefits, and self-employment; percentiles are not starting pay, job level, or an individual's take-home pay.
Projections are not actual hiring numbers; they differ from the OEWS time-point employment estimate scope; this occupation's total is small
BLS2025—2035 direct projection
Projections include growth and replacement needs
BLS current 2025—2035 employment for the precise occupation 51-9022 goes from 10.8→8.7 thousand, a change of −19.2%, a net change of −2.1 thousand, and an average of 0.7 thousand annual openings from replacements; each figure is rounded independently, and EP includes self-employment (2.5% in 2025) and differs from OEWS wages. Projections are not actual hiring, individual outcomes, or AI causality. The current O*NET already shows 2025 employment of 10,800, a declining category for 2025—2035, and an average of 700 annual openings, consistent with the current BLS period.
No proportion is given; technology mentions do not equal adoption or degree of automation
O*NET 51-9022.00 hot technologies
O*NET detailed software has 2 categories: spreadsheet Excel and word processing Word; the hot page for 2025 U.S. job postings mentions the same 2 items, both with Not available proportions, which does not mean positions use only two software programs, or that AI has been adopted, or that there is a uniform programming threshold.
2025 U.S. related job postings mention Excel and Word with unavailable proportions; they cannot be used to infer the actual process usage share or that manual inspection will necessarily remain unchanged.
Not a machine safety or dust explosion prevention or occupational health standard
General AI risk governance framework
Adopting automatic equipment and digital tools requires clarifying responsibility attribution, parameter and threshold re-check and rollback plans, and quality traceability
Technically feasible: a task may technically be within reach of equipment or a tool; this is only a feasibility judgment and does not mean the use is permitted or that it has been adopted by an institution.
Institutional and regulatory adoption: whether to introduce it depends on work safety and occupational health and environmental protection and product safety requirements and institutional process and quality systems; safety and quality and release responsibility cannot be transferred by introducing equipment.
Insufficient evidence: this round has not obtained a precise generative AI exposure level, actual robot adoption / substitution rate, or wage causality data for 51-9022.00. The O*NET tasks and software mentions do not support moderately high, clearly substituted, or that the whole occupation will not be replaced; ILO2025 is an ISCO task index, no precise SOC mapping for this page has been established, and it is not asserted that the study does not cover it. The following assistance candidates are editorial advice and require measured quality and investment and authorization; they are not adopted statistics. Mechanical automation and generative AI are assessed separately. BLS current 2025—2035 employment for the precise occupation 51-9022 goes from 10.8→8.7 thousand, a change of −19.2%, a net change of −2.1 thousand, and an average of 0.7 thousand annual openings from replacements; each figure is rounded independently, and EP includes self-employment (2.5% in 2025) and differs from OEWS wages. Projections are not actual hiring, individual outcomes, or AI causality. The current O*NET already shows 2025 employment of 10,800, a declining category for 2025—2035, and an average of 700 annual openings, consistent with the current BLS period.
Insufficient evidence: this round has not obtained a precise generative AI exposure level, actual robot adoption / substitution rate, or wage causality data for 51-9022.00. The O*NET tasks and software mentions do not support moderately high, clearly substituted, or that the whole occupation will not be replaced; ILO2025 is an ISCO task index, no precise SOC mapping for this page has been established, and it is not asserted that the study does not cover it. The following assistance candidates are editorial advice and require measured quality and investment and authorization; they are not adopted statistics. Mechanical automation and generative AI are assessed separately. BLS current 2025—2035 employment for the precise occupation 51-9022 goes from 10.8→8.7 thousand, a change of −19.2%, a net change of −2.1 thousand, and an average of 0.7 thousand annual openings from replacements; each figure is rounded independently, and EP includes self-employment (2.5% in 2025) and differs from OEWS wages. Projections are not actual hiring, individual outcomes, or AI causality. The current O*NET already shows 2025 employment of 10,800, a declining category for 2025—2035, and an average of 700 annual openings, consistent with the current BLS period.
O*NET task and ILO mapping limits, editorial check advice
O*NET detailed software has 2 categories: spreadsheet Excel and word processing Word; the hot page for 2025 U.S. job postings mentions the same 2 items, both with Not available proportions, which does not mean positions use only two software programs, or that AI has been adopted, or that there is a uniform programming threshold. Programming needs depend on the specific position, and the software catalogue does not prove it is unnecessary.
O*NET2025 job posting software mentions
Editorial candidate: data summarization / record drafts with clearly defined input may be tested at small scale first; robot processing requires separate checking of the workpiece, process, and safety conditions, and no easiest or already-substituted level is assigned.
O*NET task descriptions and software mentions
BLS current 2025—2035 employment for the precise occupation 51-9022 goes from 10.8→8.7 thousand, a change of −19.2%, a net change of −2.1 thousand, and an average of 0.7 thousand annual openings from replacements; each figure is rounded independently, and EP includes self-employment (2.5% in 2025) and differs from OEWS wages. Projections are not actual hiring, individual outcomes, or AI causality. The current O*NET already shows 2025 employment of 10,800, a declining category for 2025—2035, and an average of 700 annual openings, consistent with the current BLS period.
BLS2025—2035 direct projection
Equipment may process / inspect according to approved rules; rule validity, measurement traceability, anomalies, and release authority are checked against the organizational system, and not every conclusion needs to be recomputed by a person, nor is equipment output treated as automatic authorization.
Editorial check advice and actual process authorization; NIST is only general governance
Editorial preparation: drawing reading, measuring tool / template inspection, documented anomaly recording, and protection authorization; these are training directions, not a verified anti-substitution ranking.
O*NET work context and contaminant and noise characteristics
Insufficient evidence: this round has not obtained a precise generative AI exposure level, actual robot adoption / substitution rate, or wage causality data for 51-9022.00. The O*NET tasks and software mentions do not support moderately high, clearly substituted, or that the whole occupation will not be replaced; ILO2025 is an ISCO task index, no precise SOC mapping for this page has been established, and it is not asserted that the study does not cover it. The following assistance candidates are editorial advice and require measured quality and investment and authorization; they are not adopted statistics. Mechanical automation and generative AI are assessed separately. BLS current 2025—2035 employment for the precise occupation 51-9022 goes from 10.8→8.7 thousand, a change of −19.2%, a net change of −2.1 thousand, and an average of 0.7 thousand annual openings from replacements; each figure is rounded independently, and EP includes self-employment (2.5% in 2025) and differs from OEWS wages. Projections are not actual hiring, individual outcomes, or AI causality. The current O*NET already shows 2025 employment of 10,800, a declining category for 2025—2035, and an average of 700 annual openings, consistent with the current BLS period.
BLS precise occupational projection and editorial advice
Editorial check advice: assess the human-machine division of labor and responsibility against the actual workpiece, process, protection, and inspection rules; equipment efficiency or substitution magnitude has not been verified.
Define the processing scope by the valid drawing, template, tolerance, process, and protection requirements; equipment may execute verified rules but does not automatically obtain rule-making or release authority.
Verify clamping and processing fit against the workpiece, equipment, and approved process; the human-machine division of labor for complex curved surface finishing must be checked separately, and no blanket claim is made that equipment cannot make tooling judgments.
Inspection data is verified under valid rules with traceability retained; verified equipment results may serve as a basis under the real system, and anomalies or invalid rules require re-checking. Release, scrap, and reporting authority is not automatically obtained from the output.
Safety protection follows the actual hazard and procedures; identifiable personal information is checked for lawful basis and necessity and retention period, trade secrets are checked separately against contract authority, and ordinary product data is not subject to personal information rules across the board.
Changes and release: process and process and tooling changes and first articles and release and external disclosure must be within the authorization and process and quality requirements, and material or workpiece defects or out-of-tolerance or protection failure must be paused and escalated according to the system.
May lead to dimension or appearance or release errors and batch scrapping
Confirm the basis and traceability under valid inspection rules; anomalies must be re-checked, and release, scrap, and reporting follow actual authorization, without requiring you to recompute every verified result.
Where identifiable personal information or contract-confidential material is involved, unauthorized disclosure may violate the applicable processing / confidentiality requirements.
Manage personal information by lawful basis, purpose / minimum necessity, and authority; commercial drawings are checked separately against the contract, and a fictional number is not automatically personal information.
Omissions in clamping / tooling / finishing judgment may cause workpiece and quality problems.
Trained and authorized personnel re-check equipment fit under the approved process and inspection requirements, and do not start or change parameters without authorization.
Distorted records affect quality traceability and release and responsibility definition
Records must reflect the real processing and inspection process, and generating unverified content is prohibited
When quality or safety or release disputes arise, responsibility cannot be defined
Before adopting equipment or tools, first clarify parameter setting and clamping and finishing and re-check and approval paths and the responsible person, and document this
Drawing reading and material and abrasive selection are completed by you according to the process and authorization
Drawing reading and material selection
Editorial assistance candidate: classify / summarize or draft from already-verified records; check the input item by item, and specific efficiency gains and adoption have not been verified.
Study blueprints or layout drawings and measure and mark and select abrasives and tools
Process and parameters and feel and surface quality are your responsibility according to drawings and templates
Grinding and sanding and polishing
Editorial assistance candidate: classify / summarize or draft from already-verified records; check the input item by item, and specific efficiency gains and adoption have not been verified.
Use hand and power tools to grind, sand, clean, or polish to correct defects
Finishing quality and specification compliance are your responsibility according to drawings and templates
Trimming and deburring and filing
Editorial assistance candidate: classify / summarize or draft from already-verified records; check the input item by item, and specific efficiency gains and adoption have not been verified.
Use chisels and scrapers to trim, scrape, and deburr and to file grooves and contours
Inspection and determination and recording are your responsibility according to standards
Inspection and template comparison
Editorial assistance candidate: classify / summarize or draft from already-verified records; check the input item by item, and specific efficiency gains and adoption have not been verified.
Compare with templates and measure dimensions or test in operating equipment to verify quality
Defect determination and rework and segregation are your responsibility according to the system
Defect marking and rework
Editorial assistance candidate: classify / summarize or draft from already-verified records; check the input item by item, and specific efficiency gains and adoption have not been verified.
Mark defects such as knots and cracks and splits so they can be repaired
Tooling maintenance and sharpening and chemical use are your responsibility according to procedures
Tooling maintenance and surface treatment
Editorial assistance candidate: classify / summarize or draft from already-verified records; check the input item by item, and specific efficiency gains and adoption have not been verified.
Repair and maintain equipment and objects and sharpen grinding tools and apply chemicals
Record truthfulness and handover boundaries are completed by you according to authorization
Recording and re-checking and handover
Editorial assistance candidate: classify / summarize or draft from already-verified records; check the input item by item, and specific efficiency gains and adoption have not been verified.
Re-check and maintain records and hand over and submit according to authorization
Insufficient evidence: this round has not obtained a precise generative AI exposure level, actual robot adoption / substitution rate, or wage causality data for 51-9022.00. The O*NET tasks and software mentions do not support moderately high, clearly substituted, or that the whole occupation will not be replaced; ILO2025 is an ISCO task index, no precise SOC mapping for this page has been established, and it is not asserted that the study does not cover it. The following assistance candidates are editorial advice and require measured quality and investment and authorization; they are not adopted statistics. Mechanical automation and generative AI are assessed separately. BLS current 2025—2035 employment for the precise occupation 51-9022 goes from 10.8→8.7 thousand, a change of −19.2%, a net change of −2.1 thousand, and an average of 0.7 thousand annual openings from replacements; each figure is rounded independently, and EP includes self-employment (2.5% in 2025) and differs from OEWS wages. Projections are not actual hiring, individual outcomes, or AI causality. The current O*NET already shows 2025 employment of 10,800, a declining category for 2025—2035, and an average of 700 annual openings, consistent with the current BLS period.
10th percentile annual wage 33,480 U.S. dollars / hourly 16.09 U.S. dollars (2025, BLS OEWS, this occupation (51-9022.00) own scope)
2025 U.S. national 10th/25th/50th/75th/90th percentile annual wages for this occupation 51-9022 are 33,480/37,450/42,660/49,980/60,810 U.S. dollars, hourly 16.09/18.00/20.51/24.03/29.23 U.S. dollars. OEWS includes production bonuses and commissions, and excludes non-production bonuses, overtime premiums, shift differentials, benefits, and self-employment. Percentiles are not starting pay, job level, or an individual's take-home pay; Source | https://www.onetonline.org/link/localwages/51-9022.00
25th percentile annual wage 37,450 U.S. dollars / hourly 18.00 U.S. dollars (2025, BLS OEWS, this occupation (51-9022.00) own scope)
2025 U.S. national 10th/25th/50th/75th/90th percentile annual wages for this occupation 51-9022 are 33,480/37,450/42,660/49,980/60,810 U.S. dollars, hourly 16.09/18.00/20.51/24.03/29.23 U.S. dollars. OEWS includes production bonuses and commissions, and excludes non-production bonuses, overtime premiums, shift differentials, benefits, and self-employment. Percentiles are not starting pay, job level, or an individual's take-home pay; Source | https://www.onetonline.org/link/localwages/51-9022.00
75th percentile annual wage 49,980 U.S. dollars / hourly 24.03 U.S. dollars (2025, BLS OEWS, this occupation (51-9022.00) own scope)
2025 U.S. national 10th/25th/50th/75th/90th percentile annual wages for this occupation 51-9022 are 33,480/37,450/42,660/49,980/60,810 U.S. dollars, hourly 16.09/18.00/20.51/24.03/29.23 U.S. dollars. OEWS includes production bonuses and commissions, and excludes non-production bonuses, overtime premiums, shift differentials, benefits, and self-employment. Percentiles are not starting pay, job level, or an individual's take-home pay; Source | https://www.onetonline.org/link/localwages/51-9022.00
90th percentile annual wage 60,810 U.S. dollars / hourly 29.23 U.S. dollars (2025, BLS OEWS, this occupation (51-9022.00) own scope)
2025 U.S. national 10th/25th/50th/75th/90th percentile annual wages for this occupation 51-9022 are 33,480/37,450/42,660/49,980/60,810 U.S. dollars, hourly 16.09/18.00/20.51/24.03/29.23 U.S. dollars. OEWS includes production bonuses and commissions, and excludes non-production bonuses, overtime premiums, shift differentials, benefits, and self-employment. Percentiles are not starting pay, job level, or an individual's take-home pay; Source | https://www.onetonline.org/link/localwages/51-9022.00
Employment 10.8 thousand (2025, 51-9022, including self-employment)
BLS current 2025—2035 employment for the precise occupation 51-9022 goes from 10.8→8.7 thousand, a change of −19.2%, a net change of −2.1 thousand, and an average of 0.7 thousand annual openings from replacements. Each figure is rounded independently, and EP includes self-employment (2.5% in 2025) and differs from OEWS wages. Projections are not actual hiring, individual outcomes, or AI causality. The current O*NET already shows 2025 employment of 10,800, a declining category for 2025—2035, and an average of 700 annual openings, consistent with the current BLS period; Source | https://www.bls.gov/emp/tables/occupational-projections-and-characteristics.htm
Change −19.2% (U.S. 51-9022, 2025—2035)
BLS current 2025—2035 employment for the precise occupation 51-9022 goes from 10.8→8.7 thousand, a change of −19.2%, a net change of −2.1 thousand, and an average of 0.7 thousand annual openings from replacements. Each figure is rounded independently, and EP includes self-employment (2.5% in 2025) and differs from OEWS wages. Projections are not actual hiring, individual outcomes, or AI causality. The current O*NET already shows 2025 employment of 10,800, a declining category for 2025—2035, and an average of 700 annual openings, consistent with the current BLS period; Source | https://www.bls.gov/emp/tables/occupational-projections-and-characteristics.htm
Average annual openings 0.7 thousand (2025—2035, replacements)
BLS current 2025—2035 employment for the precise occupation 51-9022 goes from 10.8→8.7 thousand, a change of −19.2%, a net change of −2.1 thousand, and an average of 0.7 thousand annual openings from replacements. Each figure is rounded independently, and EP includes self-employment (2.5% in 2025) and differs from OEWS wages. Projections are not actual hiring, individual outcomes, or AI causality. The current O*NET already shows 2025 employment of 10,800, a declining category for 2025—2035, and an average of 700 annual openings, consistent with the current BLS period; Source | https://www.bls.gov/emp/tables/occupational-projections-and-characteristics.htm
Insufficient evidence: this round has not obtained a precise generative AI exposure level, actual robot adoption / substitution rate, or wage causality data for 51-9022.00. The O*NET tasks and software mentions do not support moderately high, clearly substituted, or that the whole occupation will not be replaced; ILO2025 is an ISCO task index, no precise SOC mapping for this page has been established, and it is not asserted that the study does not cover it. The following assistance candidates are editorial advice and require measured quality and investment and authorization; they are not adopted statistics. Mechanical automation and generative AI are assessed separately.
Occupation definition | the Grinding and Polishing Workers, Hand on this page are the precise occupation O*NET 51-9022.00 (Grinding and Polishing Workers, Hand): using hand tools or hand-held power tools to grind, sand, or polish various objects made of metal, wood, stone, clay, plastic, or glass, covering chippers and polishers and finishers. Common job titles include Buffer and Casting Finisher and Chipper and Finisher and Grinder and Metal Finisher and Polisher and Stand Grinder. Output is qualified workpieces and dimension and appearance and defect records; the above is the U.S. scope, and the work safety and dust explosion prevention and occupational health and environmental protection management regimes and statistical scope of mainland China are explained separately on this page.
Mechanical or materials or die or related education and training
The U.S. O*NET new hire education requirements questionnaire: high school equivalent 37%, below high school 27%, which is not the distribution of credentials held by workers; the page does not show the remaining proportions completely, so they cannot be filled in to make 100%. Job Zone1—2 / SVP under 6 is a general preparation description, not a uniform term. The BLS2025 precise line is typically entry with no formal education credential, no relevant experience, and medium-term on-the-job training; specific employer education requirements are not excluded.
Skills in drawing reading and measurement and grinding and polishing and deburring and filing and tool maintenance
U.S. 51-9022.00 uses hand and hand-held power tools to grind, sand, and polish objects made of metal, wood, stone, clay, plastics, glass, and so on, including chipping / polishing / finishing. The 17 tasks, 13 core and 4 supplementary, have been verified: checking template dimensions / testing under controlled conditions 91, grinding and cleaning 89, measuring and marking 87, deburring 86, marking defects 85, reading drawings 84, controlling 81, loading and adjusting 79, maintaining 77, selecting abrasives 76, filing grooves and contours 67, sharpening 64, transferring 61; supplementary removing parts 80 / recording 72 / applying chemicals 64 / cleaning brass from files 14. Importance is not frequency or a safety license; the hand designation does not exclude fixed equipment, and materials / parameters and release follow actual authorization. O*NET detailed software has 2 categories: spreadsheet Excel and word processing Word; the hot page for 2025 U.S. job postings mentions the same 2 items, both with Not available proportions, which does not mean positions use only two software programs, or that AI has been adopted, or that there is a uniform programming threshold.
Work safety and dust explosion prevention and occupational health and chemical and noise protection training
China's Work Safety Law requires position training, procedures, safety equipment, and hazard reporting; the Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Law arranges control / notification / training / occupational health surveillance according to actual exposure hazards, and does not treat routine physical examinations for everyone as the same requirement. Article 2 of the dust explosion prevention provisions is limited to industrial and trade enterprises with combustible dust explosion hazards, and Articles 8/9/11—19 cover special training, protection, identification, dust extraction / maintenance / cleaning / special overhaul; not all dust is explosive, and no general water treatment or PPE configuration is given. Article 9 of the Ecological Environment Code requires operators to prevent pollution, and Article 1242 takes effect on 2026-08-15 and repeals the old Environmental Protection Law; specific emission / waste / noise systems are checked by activity. Grinding wheels and ordinary machine tools are not automatically special equipment, and permits are checked only where they actually apply. Personal information protection is limited to identifiable personal information, and drawing / customer confidentiality is checked separately against the contract.
Industry qualifications or skill levels (where applicable)
Some institutions and positions
No certification was found in the current U.S. certification catalogue, which does not imply whether Chinese permits / qualifications exist; check against the specific work and valid regulations.
Metal products, general equipment, and special-purpose equipment manufacturing
Editorial search direction: names and materials may be similar, but the Chinese demand, concentration, or precise mapping for this occupation has not been verified. Insufficient evidence: the NBS2025 urban unit industry and five-category position wage aggregates have been read, but no precise mapping of 51-9022.00 to a Chinese classification, national occupational wage percentiles, or employment scale has been obtained; the old MOHRSS links were not read as body text and are only search leads. No industry average, announcement rate, or U.S. figure is substituted, and it is not claimed that no national data exists.
Manufacturing of transport equipment such as automobiles and rail transit and ships
Editorial search direction: names and materials may be similar, but the Chinese demand, concentration, or precise mapping for this occupation has not been verified. Insufficient evidence: the NBS2025 urban unit industry and five-category position wage aggregates have been read, but no precise mapping of 51-9022.00 to a Chinese classification, national occupational wage percentiles, or employment scale has been obtained; the old MOHRSS links were not read as body text and are only search leads. No industry average, announcement rate, or U.S. figure is substituted, and it is not claimed that no national data exists.
Manufacturing of stone and glass and wood and jewelry and arts and crafts
Editorial search direction: names and materials may be similar, but the Chinese demand, concentration, or precise mapping for this occupation has not been verified. Insufficient evidence: the NBS2025 urban unit industry and five-category position wage aggregates have been read, but no precise mapping of 51-9022.00 to a Chinese classification, national occupational wage percentiles, or employment scale has been obtained; the old MOHRSS links were not read as body text and are only search leads. No industry average, announcement rate, or U.S. figure is substituted, and it is not claimed that no national data exists.
National Bureau of Statistics NBS2025 aggregate wage release | https://www.stats.gov.cn/sj/zxfb/202605/t20260515_1963707.html
Occupation title cross-reference | Grinding and Polishing Workers, Hand (O*NET/SOC 51-9022.00 Grinding and Polishing Workers, Hand; in recruitment and industry usage also commonly called grinder, polisher, deburrer, trimmer, casting cleaner, finisher, grinding worker, tool sharpener, jewelry polisher, and so on; it is a different object and authorization level from Crushing, Grinding, and Polishing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Cutting and Slicing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal Press and Shear Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, grinding machine operators, lathe operators, milling and planing machine operators, Molders, Shapers, and Casters, Except Metal and Plastic, Tool and Die Makers, Tool Grinders, Filers, and Sharpeners, and Woodworking Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders)
Insufficient evidence: the NBS2025 urban unit industry and five-category position wage aggregates have been read, but no precise mapping of 51-9022.00 to a Chinese classification, national occupational wage percentiles, or employment scale has been obtained; the old MOHRSS links were not read as body text and are only search leads. No industry average, announcement rate, or U.S. figure is substituted, and it is not claimed that no national data exists. China's Work Safety Law requires position training, procedures, safety equipment, and hazard reporting; the Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Law arranges control / notification / training / occupational health surveillance according to actual exposure hazards, and does not treat routine physical examinations for everyone as the same requirement. Article 2 of the dust explosion prevention provisions is limited to industrial and trade enterprises with combustible dust explosion hazards, and Articles 8/9/11—19 cover special training, protection, identification, dust extraction / maintenance / cleaning / special overhaul; not all dust is explosive, and no general water treatment or PPE configuration is given. Article 9 of the Ecological Environment Code requires operators to prevent pollution, and Article 1242 takes effect on 2026-08-15 and repeals the old Environmental Protection Law; specific emission / waste / noise systems are checked by activity. Grinding wheels and ordinary machine tools are not automatically special equipment, and permits are checked only where they actually apply. Personal information protection is limited to identifiable personal information, and drawing / customer confidentiality is checked separately against the contract.
Insufficient evidence: the NBS2025 urban unit industry and five-category position wage aggregates have been read, but no precise mapping of 51-9022.00 to a Chinese classification, national occupational wage percentiles, or employment scale has been obtained; the old MOHRSS links were not read as body text and are only search leads. No industry average, announcement rate, or U.S. figure is substituted, and it is not claimed that no national data exists.
MOHRSS wage search entry (old announcement body text not read) | https://www.mohrss.gov.cn/
Editorial contract check: confirm hourly or piece-rate pay, output and quality indicators, overtime, and allowances separately; income causality for each factor has not been verified, and percentiles cannot be mapped to seniority.
Mainland China urban non-private units (industry-category scope, for reference)
Insufficient evidence: the NBS2025 urban unit industry and five-category position wage aggregates have been read, but no precise mapping of 51-9022.00 to a Chinese classification, national occupational wage percentiles, or employment scale has been obtained; the old MOHRSS links were not read as body text and are only search leads. No industry average, announcement rate, or U.S. figure is substituted, and it is not claimed that no national data exists.
Mainland China urban private units (industry-category scope, for reference)
Insufficient evidence: the NBS2025 urban unit industry and five-category position wage aggregates have been read, but no precise mapping of 51-9022.00 to a Chinese classification, national occupational wage percentiles, or employment scale has been obtained; the old MOHRSS links were not read as body text and are only search leads. No industry average, announcement rate, or U.S. figure is substituted, and it is not claimed that no national data exists.
Mainland China precise national occupational wages for this occupation
Insufficient evidence: the NBS2025 urban unit industry and five-category position wage aggregates have been read, but no precise mapping of 51-9022.00 to a Chinese classification, national occupational wage percentiles, or employment scale has been obtained; the old MOHRSS links were not read as body text and are only search leads. No industry average, announcement rate, or U.S. figure is substituted, and it is not claimed that no national data exists.
Insufficient evidence: the NBS2025 urban unit industry and five-category position wage aggregates have been read, but no precise mapping of 51-9022.00 to a Chinese classification, national occupational wage percentiles, or employment scale has been obtained; the old MOHRSS links were not read as body text and are only search leads. No industry average, announcement rate, or U.S. figure is substituted, and it is not claimed that no national data exists.
2025 U.S. national wages for this occupation | https://www.onetonline.org/link/localwages/51-9022.00
Change −19.2% (U.S. 51-9022, 2025—2035)
Median annual wage 42,660 U.S. dollars / median hourly wage 20.51 U.S. dollars (2025, BLS OEWS, this occupation (51-9022.00) own scope)
10th percentile annual wage 33,480 U.S. dollars / hourly 16.09 U.S. dollars (2025, BLS OEWS, this occupation (51-9022.00) own scope)
2025 U.S. national 10th/25th/50th/75th/90th percentile annual wages for this occupation 51-9022 are 33,480/37,450/42,660/49,980/60,810 U.S. dollars, hourly 16.09/18.00/20.51/24.03/29.23 U.S. dollars. OEWS includes production bonuses and commissions, and excludes non-production bonuses, overtime premiums, shift differentials, benefits, and self-employment. Percentiles are not starting pay, job level, or an individual's take-home pay; Source | https://www.onetonline.org/link/localwages/51-9022.00
25th percentile annual wage 37,450 U.S. dollars / hourly 18.00 U.S. dollars (2025, BLS OEWS, this occupation (51-9022.00) own scope)
2025 U.S. national 10th/25th/50th/75th/90th percentile annual wages for this occupation 51-9022 are 33,480/37,450/42,660/49,980/60,810 U.S. dollars, hourly 16.09/18.00/20.51/24.03/29.23 U.S. dollars. OEWS includes production bonuses and commissions, and excludes non-production bonuses, overtime premiums, shift differentials, benefits, and self-employment. Percentiles are not starting pay, job level, or an individual's take-home pay; Source | https://www.onetonline.org/link/localwages/51-9022.00
75th percentile annual wage 49,980 U.S. dollars / hourly 24.03 U.S. dollars (2025, BLS OEWS, this occupation (51-9022.00) own scope)
2025 U.S. national 10th/25th/50th/75th/90th percentile annual wages for this occupation 51-9022 are 33,480/37,450/42,660/49,980/60,810 U.S. dollars, hourly 16.09/18.00/20.51/24.03/29.23 U.S. dollars. OEWS includes production bonuses and commissions, and excludes non-production bonuses, overtime premiums, shift differentials, benefits, and self-employment. Percentiles are not starting pay, job level, or an individual's take-home pay; Source | https://www.onetonline.org/link/localwages/51-9022.00
90th percentile annual wage 60,810 U.S. dollars / hourly 29.23 U.S. dollars (2025, BLS OEWS, this occupation (51-9022.00) own scope)
2025 U.S. national 10th/25th/50th/75th/90th percentile annual wages for this occupation 51-9022 are 33,480/37,450/42,660/49,980/60,810 U.S. dollars, hourly 16.09/18.00/20.51/24.03/29.23 U.S. dollars. OEWS includes production bonuses and commissions, and excludes non-production bonuses, overtime premiums, shift differentials, benefits, and self-employment. Percentiles are not starting pay, job level, or an individual's take-home pay; Source | https://www.onetonline.org/link/localwages/51-9022.00
Employment 10.8 thousand (2025, 51-9022, including self-employment)
BLS current 2025—2035 employment for the precise occupation 51-9022 goes from 10.8→8.7 thousand, a change of −19.2%, a net change of −2.1 thousand, and an average of 0.7 thousand annual openings from replacements. Each figure is rounded independently, and EP includes self-employment (2.5% in 2025) and differs from OEWS wages. Projections are not actual hiring, individual outcomes, or AI causality. The current O*NET already shows 2025 employment of 10,800, a declining category for 2025—2035, and an average of 700 annual openings, consistent with the current BLS period; Source | https://www.bls.gov/emp/tables/occupational-projections-and-characteristics.htm
Change −19.2% (U.S. 51-9022, 2025—2035)
BLS current 2025—2035 employment for the precise occupation 51-9022 goes from 10.8→8.7 thousand, a change of −19.2%, a net change of −2.1 thousand, and an average of 0.7 thousand annual openings from replacements. Each figure is rounded independently, and EP includes self-employment (2.5% in 2025) and differs from OEWS wages. Projections are not actual hiring, individual outcomes, or AI causality. The current O*NET already shows 2025 employment of 10,800, a declining category for 2025—2035, and an average of 700 annual openings, consistent with the current BLS period; Source | https://www.bls.gov/emp/tables/occupational-projections-and-characteristics.htm
Average annual openings 0.7 thousand (2025—2035, replacements)
BLS current 2025—2035 employment for the precise occupation 51-9022 goes from 10.8→8.7 thousand, a change of −19.2%, a net change of −2.1 thousand, and an average of 0.7 thousand annual openings from replacements. Each figure is rounded independently, and EP includes self-employment (2.5% in 2025) and differs from OEWS wages. Projections are not actual hiring, individual outcomes, or AI causality. The current O*NET already shows 2025 employment of 10,800, a declining category for 2025—2035, and an average of 700 annual openings, consistent with the current BLS period; Source | https://www.bls.gov/emp/tables/occupational-projections-and-characteristics.htm
Insufficient evidence: this round has not obtained the industry median or regional wage percentiles for 51-9022; the national wages and precise EP already read are not filled in with industry averages or job posting rates. 2025 U.S. national 10th/25th/50th/75th/90th percentile annual wages for this occupation 51-9022 are 33,480/37,450/42,660/49,980/60,810 U.S. dollars, hourly 16.09/18.00/20.51/24.03/29.23 U.S. dollars. OEWS includes production bonuses and commissions, and excludes non-production bonuses, overtime premiums, shift differentials, benefits, and self-employment; percentiles are not starting pay, job level, or an individual's take-home pay. BLS current 2025—2035 employment for the precise occupation 51-9022 goes from 10.8→8.7 thousand, a change of −19.2%, a net change of −2.1 thousand, and an average of 0.7 thousand annual openings from replacements; each figure is rounded independently, and EP includes self-employment (2.5% in 2025) and differs from OEWS wages. Projections are not actual hiring, individual outcomes, or AI causality. The current O*NET already shows 2025 employment of 10,800, a declining category for 2025—2035, and an average of 700 annual openings, consistent with the current BLS period.
2025 U.S. national 10th/25th/50th/75th/90th percentile annual wages for this occupation 51-9022 are 33,480/37,450/42,660/49,980/60,810 U.S. dollars, hourly 16.09/18.00/20.51/24.03/29.23 U.S. dollars. OEWS includes production bonuses and commissions, and excludes non-production bonuses, overtime premiums, shift differentials, benefits, and self-employment; percentiles are not starting pay, job level, or an individual's take-home pay. BLS current 2025—2035 employment for the precise occupation 51-9022 goes from 10.8→8.7 thousand, a change of −19.2%, a net change of −2.1 thousand, and an average of 0.7 thousand annual openings from replacements; each figure is rounded independently, and EP includes self-employment (2.5% in 2025) and differs from OEWS wages. Projections are not actual hiring, individual outcomes, or AI causality. The current O*NET already shows 2025 employment of 10,800, a declining category for 2025—2035, and an average of 700 annual openings, consistent with the current BLS period.
Editorial check factors: check region, material / product and process, working hours and pay, experience, and actual tasks separately in the contract; the causal magnitude between factors and income has not been verified, and percentiles are not used to infer job level.
Region and industry and product type
Editorial check factors: check region, material / product and process, working hours and pay, experience, and actual tasks separately in the contract; the causal magnitude between factors and income has not been verified, and percentiles are not used to infer job level.
Proficiency and workstation and piece-rate form
Editorial check factors: check region, material / product and process, working hours and pay, experience, and actual tasks separately in the contract; the causal magnitude between factors and income has not been verified, and percentiles are not used to infer job level.
Degree of automation and equipment substitution
Change −19.2% (U.S. 51-9022, 2025—2035)
Insufficient evidence: this round has not obtained the industry or subcategory median wage that can be read for this occupation (51-9022.00); no industry average or third-party estimate is substituted.
Editorial search categories; the material range may involve these activities, but the specific industry concentration / wages have not been verified; these are not obtained industry medians.
Fabricated Metal / Machinery manufacturing
Insufficient evidence: this round has not obtained the industry or subcategory median wage that can be read for this occupation (51-9022.00); no industry average or third-party estimate is substituted.
Editorial search categories; the material range may involve these activities, but the specific industry concentration / wages have not been verified; these are not obtained industry medians.
Transportation Equipment / Hardware manufacturing
Insufficient evidence: this round has not obtained the industry or subcategory median wage that can be read for this occupation (51-9022.00); no industry average or third-party estimate is substituted.
Editorial search categories; the material range may involve these activities, but the specific industry concentration / wages have not been verified; these are not obtained industry medians.
Stone / Glass / Wood / Jewelry and arts and crafts manufacturing
Insufficient evidence: this round has not obtained the industry or subcategory median wage that can be read for this occupation (51-9022.00); no industry average or third-party estimate is substituted.
Editorial search categories; the material range may involve these activities, but the specific industry concentration / wages have not been verified; these are not obtained industry medians.
Insufficient evidence: the national percentiles have been verified, but this round has not obtained regional percentiles or industry medians; different sampling scopes are not substituted. 2025 U.S. national 10th/25th/50th/75th/90th percentile annual wages for this occupation 51-9022 are 33,480/37,450/42,660/49,980/60,810 U.S. dollars, hourly 16.09/18.00/20.51/24.03/29.23 U.S. dollars. OEWS includes production bonuses and commissions, and excludes non-production bonuses, overtime premiums, shift differentials, benefits, and self-employment; percentiles are not starting pay, job level, or an individual's take-home pay.
2025 U.S. national 10th/25th/50th/75th/90th percentile annual wages for this occupation 51-9022 are 33,480/37,450/42,660/49,980/60,810 U.S. dollars, hourly 16.09/18.00/20.51/24.03/29.23 U.S. dollars. OEWS includes production bonuses and commissions, and excludes non-production bonuses, overtime premiums, shift differentials, benefits, and self-employment; percentiles are not starting pay, job level, or an individual's take-home pay.
The U.S. O*NET new hire education requirements questionnaire: high school equivalent 37%, below high school 27%, which is not the distribution of credentials held by workers; the page does not show the remaining proportions completely, so they cannot be filled in to make 100%. Job Zone1—2 / SVP under 6 is a general preparation description, not a uniform term. The BLS2025 precise line is typically entry with no formal education credential, no relevant experience, and medium-term on-the-job training; specific employer education requirements are not excluded. The causality between education / skills and income has not been verified.
BLS current 2025—2035 employment for the precise occupation 51-9022 goes from 10.8→8.7 thousand, a change of −19.2%, a net change of −2.1 thousand, and an average of 0.7 thousand annual openings from replacements; each figure is rounded independently, and EP includes self-employment (2.5% in 2025) and differs from OEWS wages. Projections are not actual hiring, individual outcomes, or AI causality. The current O*NET already shows 2025 employment of 10,800, a declining category for 2025—2035, and an average of 700 annual openings, consistent with the current BLS period. 2025 U.S. national 10th/25th/50th/75th/90th percentile annual wages for this occupation 51-9022 are 33,480/37,450/42,660/49,980/60,810 U.S. dollars, hourly 16.09/18.00/20.51/24.03/29.23 U.S. dollars. OEWS includes production bonuses and commissions, and excludes non-production bonuses, overtime premiums, shift differentials, benefits, and self-employment; percentiles are not starting pay, job level, or an individual's take-home pay.
Median annual wage 42,660 U.S. dollars / median hourly wage 20.51 U.S. dollars (2025, BLS OEWS, this occupation (51-9022.00) own scope)
This is a position in the wage distribution, not an entry / skilled / senior or responsibility level; actual individual offers should be checked against the specific region, hours, and contract.
This is a position in the wage distribution, not an entry / skilled / senior or responsibility level; actual individual offers should be checked against the specific region, hours, and contract.
This is a position in the wage distribution, not an entry / skilled / senior or responsibility level; actual individual offers should be checked against the specific region, hours, and contract.
Holland (RIASEC) | for understanding your relative position on Realistic and Conventional preferences. The O*NET interest code for this occupation is RC (Realistic—Conventional), corresponding to a willingness to handle materials and equipment with hands and tools at a hand workbench and in front of grinding wheels and polishing machines and to do physical labor (Realistic) and a willingness to work to drawings and processes and templates and records (Conventional); this is consistent with the activity profile of this occupation, which is dominated by performing general physical activities (98), controlling machines and processes (97), handling and moving objects (97), and making decisions and solving problems (95). The questionnaire is only used to raise questions, not to judge whether you are suited or can take the job.
Insufficient evidence: the validity and thresholds of this site's assessment scores for individual performance / hiring in 51-9022 have not been obtained; O*NET occupational interests / work styles do not validate this site's questionnaire. It is for exploration only; return to H1 and real trained tasks.
If you find it hard over the long term to face physical labor and repetitive movement and a dusty noisy environment, and hard to accept piece-rate and peak-season pressure and the risk of scrapping workpieces, a high interest questionnaire score cannot change this real cost; this occupation also requires confirming the institution's work safety and dust explosion prevention and occupational health protection and medical examination requirements.
Editorial self-questioning: are you willing to re-check the drawings / dimensions, make truthful corrections, and communicate according to procedure under anomalies? O*NET work style details are attention to detail 80 / dependable 67 / cautious 48, which cannot be equated with this site's Big Five scores or success probability.
Insufficient evidence: the validity and thresholds of this site's assessment scores for individual performance / hiring in 51-9022 have not been obtained; O*NET occupational interests / work styles do not validate this site's questionnaire. It is for exploration only; return to H1 and real trained tasks.
Do not use a personality assessment saying I am not suited as a reason to give up or not enter the field; rely on internships or job shadowing or simulated grinding and inspection tasks and mentor evaluation and assessment results.
How to understand this interest code: RC means Realistic (handling materials and equipment with hands and tools at a hand workbench and in front of grinding wheels and polishing machines and doing physical labor) and Conventional (working to drawings and processes and templates and records); it is used to understand preferences for this occupational direction and not to predict performance; this is consistent with the O*NET description of this occupation's tasks (inspecting and comparing with templates and measuring dimensions or testing in operating equipment to verify finished part quality 91, grinding and sanding and cleaning or polishing with hand tools and power tools to correct defects or prepare for further finishing 89, measuring and marking workpieces and equipment 87, trimming and scraping and deburring 86, marking defects for repair 85, studying blueprints or layout drawings 84) and work activities (performing general physical activities 98, controlling machines and processes 97, handling and moving objects 97).
MBTI | typology is used for self-reflection on communication and work preferences; this occupation requires coordination with upstream and downstream stages and inspection and equipment maintenance at the workstation and within the crew (continual contact with others 42%, communicating with supervisors and peers or subordinates as an important activity 81), and a preference does not determine whether you can do the job.
Interest experience: you like taking a workpiece fully from drawing reading and material selection through rough grinding and fine grinding and polishing to inspection and recording, and you get satisfaction from getting the dimensions and appearance and protection all right.
Insufficient evidence: the validity and thresholds of this site's assessment scores for individual performance / hiring in 51-9022 have not been obtained; O*NET occupational interests / work styles do not validate this site's questionnaire. It is for exploration only; return to H1 and real trained tasks.
Treat the type only as a reference for communication style; do not use it to infer whether you or others can do hand grinding and polishing and inspection and protection work well.
You can ask yourself how you would check drawings and processes and report anomalies under delivery and rework pressure; the relative validity of type labels and task observation has not been obtained, and no judgment is made about which matters more.
Insufficient evidence: the validity and thresholds of this site's assessment scores for individual performance / hiring in 51-9022 have not been obtained; O*NET occupational interests / work styles do not validate this site's questionnaire. It is for exploration only; return to H1 and real trained tasks.
Do not use type labels to explain out-of-tolerance or quality incidents; return to whether drawings and processes and abrasives and clamping and protection were in place.
Editorial reasoning exploration: first use H1 to recompute diameter tolerance and removal amount and proportions and version differences; no IQ threshold is set, and feel is not substituted for the specified measurement.
Insufficient evidence: the validity and thresholds of this site's assessment scores for individual performance / hiring in 51-9022 have not been obtained; O*NET occupational interests / work styles do not validate this site's questionnaire. It is for exploration only; return to H1 and real trained tasks.
A high or low score cannot show whether you can learn hand grinding and polishing and inspection; test this through internships or job shadowing or simulated processing tasks and mentor evaluation.
Editorial self-questioning: when rushing, can you report record conflicts and pending protection items truthfully? The causality between emotional intelligence scores and safety outcomes has not been verified.
Insufficient evidence: the validity and thresholds of this site's assessment scores for individual performance / hiring in 51-9022 have not been obtained; O*NET occupational interests / work styles do not validate this site's questionnaire. It is for exploration only; return to H1 and real trained tasks.
Do not limit yourself by scores; communication performance can be observed during mentoring, but the effect of training in this occupation has not been verified, and no guarantee is made that work or deliberate practice will necessarily improve.
Boundary | the assessments and direction comparisons on this page are only for self-questioning and exploration and do not constitute hiring standards, ability ratings, or qualification judgments; admission is based on education and training and skills and institutional authorization. In particular, this occupation involves dust and noise and chemicals and hand-held power tools and grinding wheel work, so be sure to confirm the institution's work safety and dust explosion prevention and occupational health and ventilation and dust extraction requirements.
H1 can be used to observe this round's drawing reading, calculation, version, and documented record performance, then check real trained tasks; the paper exercise cannot prove on-site processing competence, and the comparative validity has not been obtained, so no claim is made that it is the most reliable.
Grinding and Polishing Workers, Hand | output is qualified workpieces and dimension and appearance and defect records: studying blueprints and measuring and marking workpieces, selecting abrasives according to material and allowance and surface requirements, grinding and sanding and polishing and trimming and deburring and filing with hand and power tools, and inspecting and comparing with templates (O*NET/SOC 51-9022.00, Grinding and Polishing Workers, Hand)
Can independently complete hand grinding and polishing and inspection and recording within the drawing and process and authorization scope
Editorial comparison: explore according to the actual tasks, equipment, exposure, and training conditions; do not permanently rule out a direction based on a single preference.
Tool Grinders, Filers, and Sharpeners | U.S. 51-4194 includes precision smoothing, sharpening, polishing, or grinding of metal; cutting tool geometry and sharpening inspection are only one direction within it, carried out according to the specific drawing and authorization.
Editorial preparation: practise precision metal processing, specified measuring tool inspection, and documented records for the chosen sub-position; cutting tool geometry is not listed as a common threshold for all positions.
Check the specific employer's tasks and materials; even if you prefer workpiece surface processing, it may overlap with 51-4194, and it cannot be ruled out based on the occupation name alone.
Tool and Die Makers | output is dies and tooling and die trial reports: machining and heat treating and assembling dies and tooling to drawings and trialing and adjusting dies
Has the ability for die and tooling design and metalworking and heat treatment
Editorial comparison: explore according to the actual tasks, equipment, exposure, and training conditions; do not permanently rule out a direction based on a single preference.
Grinding machine operator (metal and plastic grinding and polishing and buffing machine tools) | output is machined parts and equipment parameter records: setting and adjusting machine parameters according to the process and clamping and running and measuring and controlling batch dimensions and surfaces
Has the ability for machine setup and operation and batch processing and measurement
Editorial comparison: explore according to the actual tasks, equipment, exposure, and training conditions; do not permanently rule out a direction based on a single preference.
Metal Press and Shear Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders | output is pressed and sheared parts and first-article records: clamping dies according to the process and running press or shear equipment and performing first-article and patrol inspection
Has the ability for die clamping and press and shear equipment operation and first-article inspection
Editorial comparison: explore according to the actual tasks, equipment, exposure, and training conditions; do not permanently rule out a direction based on a single preference.
Molders, Shapers, and Casters, Except Metal and Plastic | output is non-metal molded parts and process records: batching and molding and pouring or pressing and curing and finishing non-metal materials according to formulas and molds
Has the ability for non-metal material molding and molds and curing control
Editorial comparison: explore according to the actual tasks, equipment, exposure, and training conditions; do not permanently rule out a direction based on a single preference.
What kind of personality is more suited to being a Grinding and Polishing Worker, Hand? This occupation values patience and attention to detail, sensitivity to feel and sight, adherence to drawings and processes and tolerances, and stability under dust and noise and piece-rate pressure, rather than a particular personality type; the interest code given by O*NET is RC (Realistic—Conventional), which can serve as a starting point for exploration.
Are introverted people suited to this occupation? Yes. This occupation has a great deal of independent hand processing and inspection work, and it also requires coordination with upstream and downstream stages and inspection (continual contact with others 42%).
Degree of extraversion is not a threshold on this page; real handover expression exercises can be used to assess communication, and no claim is made that extraversion improves performance.
No evidence has been obtained that a particular MBTI type is best suited to this occupation; check skills and process and safety requirements against actual tasks, and do not claim that they have been proven to mainly determine fit.
Which Holland interest type is more suited to this occupation? The interest code given by O*NET is RC: Realistic (handling materials and equipment with hands and tools at a hand workbench and in front of grinding wheels and polishing machines and doing physical labor) and Conventional (working to drawings and processes and templates and records); it can be used to explore task preferences, not to predict performance.
No individual prediction evidence has been obtained on this page; do not use this site's scores to replace H1, training, and actual position assessment.
Can someone who is bad at math do this occupation? It requires basic ability to read and calculate dimensions and angles and tolerances and allowances and roughness; a quantitative foundation can be made up through training, but a complete inability to handle readings and drawings would be clearly limiting.
Editorial advice: H1 uses paper anomaly records to practise expressing things according to the rules; pay / deadline pressure should be checked against the actual contract, and emotional intelligence scores are not substituted for on-site safety.
Can the Enneagram be used to judge whether I am suited? No. The Enneagram is a self-exploration tool and does not constitute an occupational ability or fit conclusion; fit should be judged by whether you can complete grinding and polishing and inspection work under drawing and protection and quality requirements.
H1 gives complete fictional input, reference calculations, and documented corrections, and only tests paper organization / calculation / handover; it cannot replace hands-on competence.
Fit signals: willing to take responsibility for dimensions and appearance and safety within the drawing and process and authorization scope, able to switch between hand work and equipment operation and inspection while keeping attention on feel and records, and able to hold to protection and re-checking under dust and noise and piece-rate pressure and to escalate according to the system when something is abnormal or beyond authority.
Caution signals: finding it hard over the long term to face physical labor and dust and noise and chemical exposure and repetitive movement, or hard to accept piece-rate pressure and workpiece scrapping and quality accountability, or unwilling to escalate and hand over according to the system when beyond authority.
First complete H1 independently and check the specific position's training / protection conditions; real work requires training authorization, and equipment must not be started on your own as a career experience.
Used to check the task scope and work context of this occupation (U.S. occupational classification scope).
Used to check the tasks and work activities and detailed work activities of this occupation.
Used to check the interest code (RC) and occupation scope given by O*NET.
2025 U.S. national 10th/25th/50th/75th/90th percentile annual wages for this occupation 51-9022 are 33,480/37,450/42,660/49,980/60,810 U.S. dollars, hourly 16.09/18.00/20.51/24.03/29.23 U.S. dollars. OEWS includes production bonuses and commissions, and excludes non-production bonuses, overtime premiums, shift differentials, benefits, and self-employment; percentiles are not starting pay, job level, or an individual's take-home pay.
BLS current 2025—2035 employment for the precise occupation 51-9022 goes from 10.8→8.7 thousand, a change of −19.2%, a net change of −2.1 thousand, and an average of 0.7 thousand annual openings from replacements; each figure is rounded independently, and EP includes self-employment (2.5% in 2025) and differs from OEWS wages. Projections are not actual hiring, individual outcomes, or AI causality. The current O*NET already shows 2025 employment of 10,800, a declining category for 2025—2035, and an average of 700 annual openings, consistent with the current BLS period.
2025 U.S. national 10th/25th/50th/75th/90th percentile annual wages for this occupation 51-9022 are 33,480/37,450/42,660/49,980/60,810 U.S. dollars, hourly 16.09/18.00/20.51/24.03/29.23 U.S. dollars. OEWS includes production bonuses and commissions, and excludes non-production bonuses, overtime premiums, shift differentials, benefits, and self-employment; percentiles are not starting pay, job level, or an individual's take-home pay.
BLS current 2025—2035 employment for the precise occupation 51-9022 goes from 10.8→8.7 thousand, a change of −19.2%, a net change of −2.1 thousand, and an average of 0.7 thousand annual openings from replacements; each figure is rounded independently, and EP includes self-employment (2.5% in 2025) and differs from OEWS wages. Projections are not actual hiring, individual outcomes, or AI causality. The current O*NET already shows 2025 employment of 10,800, a declining category for 2025—2035, and an average of 700 annual openings, consistent with the current BLS period.
Used to check the industry distribution and main employer types of this occupation (manufacturing).
The following are editorial failure scenarios and check advice, not incident frequency or a risk rating; China's Work Safety Law requires position training, procedures, safety equipment, and hazard reporting; the Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Law arranges control / notification / training / occupational health surveillance according to actual exposure hazards, and does not treat routine physical examinations for everyone as the same requirement. Article 2 of the dust explosion prevention provisions is limited to industrial and trade enterprises with combustible dust explosion hazards, and Articles 8/9/11—19 cover special training, protection, identification, dust extraction / maintenance / cleaning / special overhaul; not all dust is explosive, and no general water treatment or PPE configuration is given. Article 9 of the Ecological Environment Code requires operators to prevent pollution, and Article 1242 takes effect on 2026-08-15 and repeals the old Environmental Protection Law; specific emission / waste / noise systems are checked by activity. Grinding wheels and ordinary machine tools are not automatically special equipment, and permits are checked only where they actually apply. Personal information protection is limited to identifiable personal information, and drawing / customer confidentiality is checked separately against the contract.
Equipment / protection failure, actual material dust / noise / chemical exposure, dimension / surface out-of-tolerance, and distortion of original records and authorized handover are verifiable risk scenarios; O*NET percentages cannot prove consequence severity or occurrence probability. China's Work Safety Law requires position training, procedures, safety equipment, and hazard reporting; the Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Law arranges control / notification / training / occupational health surveillance according to actual exposure hazards, and does not treat routine physical examinations for everyone as the same requirement. Article 2 of the dust explosion prevention provisions is limited to industrial and trade enterprises with combustible dust explosion hazards, and Articles 8/9/11—19 cover special training, protection, identification, dust extraction / maintenance / cleaning / special overhaul; not all dust is explosive, and no general water treatment or PPE configuration is given. Article 9 of the Ecological Environment Code requires operators to prevent pollution, and Article 1242 takes effect on 2026-08-15 and repeals the old Environmental Protection Law; specific emission / waste / noise systems are checked by activity. Grinding wheels and ordinary machine tools are not automatically special equipment, and permits are checked only where they actually apply. Personal information protection is limited to identifiable personal information, and drawing / customer confidentiality is checked separately against the contract.
U.S. 51-9022.00 uses hand and hand-held power tools to grind, sand, and polish objects made of metal, wood, stone, clay, plastics, glass, and so on, including chipping / polishing / finishing. The 17 tasks, 13 core and 4 supplementary, have been verified: checking template dimensions / testing under controlled conditions 91, grinding and cleaning 89, measuring and marking 87, deburring 86, marking defects 85, reading drawings 84, controlling 81, loading and adjusting 79, maintaining 77, selecting abrasives 76, filing grooves and contours 67, sharpening 64, transferring 61; supplementary removing parts 80 / recording 72 / applying chemicals 64 / cleaning brass from files 14. Importance is not frequency or a safety license; the hand designation does not exclude fixed equipment, and materials / parameters and release follow actual authorization. O*NET has been read for 41 work activities, 22 detailed activities, and 57 work context items: physical strength 98 / control 97 / handling 97 / decision making 95 / creativity 95 / checking 91 / monitoring 89 / mechanical maintenance 87 / information 82 / communication 81 as importance values. Contamination 77% daily, noise 72% daily, contact 42% continually, and precision 21% important are the response proportions of specific options, not hazard concentrations / incident rates or the situation for everyone; standing 16% about half the time and repetitive movement 16% less than half the time cannot be generalized to everyone standing all day. Hours / automation and other items are not shown with a complete distribution on this page, so check the specific contract. China's Work Safety Law requires position training, procedures, safety equipment, and hazard reporting; the Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Law arranges control / notification / training / occupational health surveillance according to actual exposure hazards, and does not treat routine physical examinations for everyone as the same requirement. Article 2 of the dust explosion prevention provisions is limited to industrial and trade enterprises with combustible dust explosion hazards, and Articles 8/9/11—19 cover special training, protection, identification, dust extraction / maintenance / cleaning / special overhaul; not all dust is explosive, and no general water treatment or PPE configuration is given. Article 9 of the Ecological Environment Code requires operators to prevent pollution, and Article 1242 takes effect on 2026-08-15 and repeals the old Environmental Protection Law; specific emission / waste / noise systems are checked by activity. Grinding wheels and ordinary machine tools are not automatically special equipment, and permits are checked only where they actually apply. Personal information protection is limited to identifiable personal information, and drawing / customer confidentiality is checked separately against the contract.
The person and the safety and equipment positions; on-site personnel and equipment and property
Grinding wheels and hand-held power tools and abrasives not inspected or overspeed or burst, or workpieces not clamped securely or flying off and being pinched, or guards and protective devices missing; may cause personal injury and equipment damage and work stoppage
Check the condition of equipment and grinding wheels and abrasives and guards and hand tools before work, use them at the specified speed and process and clamp and stand correctly, and stop and escalate immediately on anomalies; when tool or clamping or protection anomalies are found, stop immediately and re-check
Scenario | the grinding wheel has reached its inspection cycle or shows slight vibration, the delivery deadline is near, and the site is asked to continue processing first and inspect and replace later.
The person and the occupational health and environmental positions; workers and the surrounding environment
Actually combustible dust may explode under explosive conditions; other dust may still pose occupational health hazards, and not all dust can be equated with dust explosions. Noise / chemical exposure, protection, and pollutant treatment failure are assessed by actual hazard.
Check the specific material hazards and approved procedures / protection and dust extraction systems; combustible dust hazards follow the dust explosion prevention provisions, and other hazards follow the corresponding systems. Emission / waste requirements under the Ecological Environment Code are checked separately, and anomalies are paused and escalated according to the system.
Scenario | the workshop has heavy dust and poor ventilation and dust extraction, and the parties want to finish the order first and deal with dust extraction and protection later.
The person and the process and quality positions; workpieces and customers and delivery
Improper selection of process or abrasive or tool, or clamping and tooling deviation, or improper control of allowance and parameters and feel, or out-of-tolerance in dimensions or appearance or surface or template comparison not re-inspected; may cause workpiece scrapping and batch rework and delivery delay
Select the process and abrasives and tools according to drawings and processes and templates and perform first-article and patrol and re-inspection, and out-of-tolerance items must be segregated and labeled and handled and escalated according to the system; dimension and appearance and defect records must be traceable together with the workpiece batch
Scenario | a batch of workpieces shows a dimension or appearance deviation at first-article inspection, the schedule is tight, and the site is asked to move them on as conforming and supplement the inspection and rework records later.
The person and the process and compliance positions; products and compliance boundaries
Changing the process or tooling or parameters beyond authority, or determining materials and heat treatment on your own, or interpreting surface standards, or making product release conclusions; may lead to quality and compliance and legal liability
Changes and release obtain approval according to the organization's real authority; you may document corrections and report them, keeping the original value / changed value / reason / author and time, and may not rewrite without a trace or forge.
Scenario | when personnel are short, untrained people are asked to change the process or tooling on their own or determine materials and release conclusions so the batch can be delivered that day.
The person and the crew and tooling positions; production continuity and quality consistency
Key skills or tooling or measuring tools or templates or process documents rest with a single point, and leave or peak-season understaffing or tooling damage or inaccurate measuring tools interrupt processing and inspection or cause inconsistent judgments; may cause inconsistent batch judgments and rework and delivery delay
Establish backup and handover and calibration rules for skills and tooling and measuring tools and templates and process documents, so that key processes and parameters and feel experience are reproducible and documented; when staffing or tooling or measuring tools are insufficient, escalate and adjust priorities according to the system
Scenario | the only veteran familiar with a certain type of workpiece and tooling and hand finishing is on leave, and key batches and complex curved surface processing are asked to be taken over temporarily by untrained people.
The person and outsourcing and upstream and downstream parties; quality and delivery and responsibility
Responsibility and standards are unclear with upstream and downstream stages or outsourcing partners or customers on process and surface requirements and non-conforming items and rework and acceptance and costs, or workpiece batch handover is not verified; may lead to batch mix-ups and responsibility disputes and rework and cost disputes
Process and surface requirements and non-conforming handling and rework and acceptance must have clear scope and basis and responsibility and time limits and be documented, and the physical goods must be verified against records before handover; when standard or batch or responsibility disputes arise, pause and re-check and escalate
Scenario | after an outsourcing partner or upstream and downstream stage finishes processing or surface treatment, settlement and transfer are requested without submitting inspection and dimension and appearance and tooling records, and the site is asked to sign first and supplement later.
U.S. 51-9022.00 uses hand and hand-held power tools to grind, sand, and polish objects made of metal, wood, stone, clay, plastics, glass, and so on, including chipping / polishing / finishing. The 17 tasks, 13 core and 4 supplementary, have been verified: checking template dimensions / testing under controlled conditions 91, grinding and cleaning 89, measuring and marking 87, deburring 86, marking defects 85, reading drawings 84, controlling 81, loading and adjusting 79, maintaining 77, selecting abrasives 76, filing grooves and contours 67, sharpening 64, transferring 61; supplementary removing parts 80 / recording 72 / applying chemicals 64 / cleaning brass from files 14. Importance is not frequency or a safety license; the hand designation does not exclude fixed equipment, and materials / parameters and release follow actual authorization.
Occupational disease prevention is arranged according to the actual hazard and those exposed, and O*NET proportions are not used to judge consequences.
Work Safety Law position training, procedures, and hazards; not a wage risk rating.
Article 2 of the dust explosion prevention provisions covers the combustible hazard scope, and Articles 8/9/11—19 cover training, protection, and dust extraction maintenance.
Article 9 of the Ecological Environment Code requires operators to prevent pollution, and Article 1242 takes effect; specific matters are checked by activity.
| Grinding machine operator (machine tool) | Assistance with machine setup and clamping and measurement | Mechanical or CNC training records and machine tool internship records | A fictional key-points sheet for machine parameters and measurement | The output is machine setup and operation, while this occupation's output is processing with hand and hand-held tools |
| Metal Press and Shear Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders | Assistance with die clamping and equipment operation | Mechanical or die training records and workshop internship records | A fictional key-points sheet for pressing and first-article inspection | The output is equipment operation and pressing, while this occupation's output is deburring and surface finishing |
| Molders, Shapers, and Casters, Except Metal and Plastic | Assistance with batching and molding and finishing | Materials or mechanical training records and workshop internship records | A fictional key-points sheet for molding and curing | The object is batching and molding processes, while this occupation's object is surface processing of molded parts |
The U.S. O*NET new hire education requirements questionnaire: high school equivalent 37%, below high school 27%, which is not the distribution of credentials held by workers; the page does not show the remaining proportions completely, so they cannot be filled in to make 100%. Job Zone1—2 / SVP under 6 is a general preparation description, not a uniform term. The BLS2025 precise line is typically entry with no formal education credential, no relevant experience, and medium-term on-the-job training; specific employer education requirements are not excluded.
Whether you can process independently and sign inspection records does not depend on the degree itself, but on whether you take on the corresponding duties within the institution's process and authorization scope.
Education, training, and hands-on work can be preparation leads; whether you are competent is verified by real tasks and assessment, and no specific main cause or relative validity has been obtained for each factor.
Common requirements: requirements for using mechanical equipment and grinding wheels and hand-held power tools and abrasives and guards and inspection; dust and noise and vibration and chemicals and ventilation and dust extraction and personal protection and emergency response requirements; dust explosion prevention and combustibles and hot work and electrical requirements; waste gas and wastewater and solid waste and noise disposal requirements; occupational health and medical examination and hearing and respiratory and skin protection and occupational contraindication requirements.
Matters involving material and heat treatment determinations, surface standard interpretation, die design, product release, and special equipment and dust explosion protection must be carried out by positions or institutions with the corresponding qualifications.
Identifiable personal information is checked for lawful basis and necessity; contract secrets and ordinary process fields are handled separately according to the contract and actual authority, and not all customer product information is subject to minimum necessity across the board.
The O*NET interest code is RC (Realistic—Conventional), leaning toward handling materials and equipment with hands and tools at a hand workbench and in front of grinding wheels and polishing machines and doing physical labor, and working to drawings and processes and templates and records; the highest work activity importance values are performing general physical activities (98), controlling machines and processes (97), handling and moving objects (97), making decisions and solving problems (95), thinking creatively (95), and inspecting equipment, structures, or materials (91).
The work context (verified portion, percentage response scope) shows exposure to contaminants 77% reporting daily, exposure to distracting or uncomfortable noise 72% reporting daily, continual contact with others 42%, and importance of being exact or highly accurate 21% reporting important.
Interest and work context data are only for self-questioning and do not constitute hiring or performance conclusions.
O*NET detailed software has 2 categories: spreadsheet Excel and word processing Word; the hot page for 2025 U.S. job postings mentions the same 2 items, both with Not available proportions, which does not mean positions use only two software programs, or that AI has been adopted, or that there is a uniform programming threshold.
Editorial candidate: use digital tools to organize already-verified records and ledgers, and the human-machine division of labor for actual process and inspection must be verified; software mentions do not prove the current adoption share.
Process and tooling and release and disclosure authority are governed by institutional process and authorization and quality requirements, and tools and equipment do not create authority.
R1 | entirely fictional; use only a pen and calculator for paper judgments, and do not start equipment / grind / do chemical treatment / measure real workpieces. Teaching rules: diameter 20.00 +0.00/−0.04 mm, that is 19.96—20.00 mm inclusive of the boundaries; Ra ≤ 1.6 µm and no cracks in appearance; all three records complete and all conforming is recorded as paper conforming. The values set in the exercise are treated as exact for calculation practice, and real measuring tool calibration / uncertainty / judgment rules still require process confirmation. For any material / protection anomaly, no on-site work or release conclusion is given.
I1 | fictional drawing D2, batch of 5 pieces M1—M5; diameters in order 19.98, 20.00, 19.95, 20.03, blank mm; Ra in order 1.4, 1.6, 1.2, 1.8, 1.3 µm; appearance M1/M2/M4/M5 no cracks, M3 crack. These are given records, not the author's measurements.
I2 | the process card P1 states that M4 may be considered for further material removal; calculate only the theoretical diameter removal range from 20.03 mm to 19.96—20.00 mm and the single-side radius amount, where radius amount = diameter amount ÷ 2; do not use the calculation to select parameters / abrasives or approve rework. M3 is undersized and cracked, so only mark it non-conforming and segregate it for review, and do not use further grinding to restore the dimension.
I3 | fictional equipment data: card P1 recommends a speed of 7200 rpm, while the matching abrasive nameplate maximum is 6000 rpm; the exercise sets that a recommended speed greater than the abrasive maximum counts as a data conflict, so stop the work and submit it to equipment / process personnel for checking, without modifying any real equipment. The material grade, abrasive suitability, and clamping / guard completeness are not given and are all pending check.
I4 | fictional status sheet: dust extraction failure; whether the material dust is combustible is unknown; the chemical SDS is missing; the exercise sets that simulated approved work must not continue, and safety / equipment items are recorded as pending check separately, without guessing wet methods, cleaning, or PPE configuration. The delivery note requires the records by 14:00, and V1 actually came at 14:15, with the approval column blank.
I5 | V1 misrecorded the diameter of M3 as 19.98 and wrongly wrote the appearance as having no cracks, which does not match I1. Keep V1 and produce V2, listing the two original values / changed values / reasons of M3, the real practice author / time, the self-check, and the approval still pending check; record the 15-minute delay truthfully. Submit the 5-piece determination table, the calculation page, the anomaly / pending check table, and a handover of about 200 characters, without forging rework / measured values / approval.
90 minutes: check the three items piece by piece according to R1 and calculate the paper conformance rate; calculate the theoretical diameter / radius removal range for M4 according to I2; list anomalies / pending items according to I3/I4; and make the V2 correction and record the late submission and non-approval according to I5.
Reference determination: M1 conforms on three items; M2 is at the upper diameter limit and the upper Ra limit, and conforms on three items as the exercise includes the boundaries; M3 is undersized by 0.01 mm and has a crack, so it does not conform; M4 exceeds the diameter by 0.03 mm and Ra by 0.2 µm, so it does not conform; the diameter of M5 is blank and pending check, and cannot be written as conforming. Paper conformance is 2/5=40%, with another 2 non-conforming and 1 pending check, and 2/4 cannot be used as the whole-batch rate.
Reference calculation: the theoretical diameter removal for M4 is 20.03−20.00 to 20.03−19.96=0.03—0.07 mm; the single-side radius is 0.015—0.035 mm. This only satisfies the instructional diameter interval and does not prove that roughness / appearance conform, that rework is possible, or that the real safety parameters are met.
Reference anomaly table: I3 7200>6000 is a data conflict, and work cannot be approved according to P1; materials / abrasives / clamping / protection are pending check. I4 has dust extraction failure, unknown combustibility, and a missing SDS, so it is handed to equipment / process / safety positions for assessment, and ventilation / masks / wet methods are not automatically substituted; there is no on-site operation.
Reference V2: M3 diameter 19.98→19.95 and no cracks→crack, with the reason checked against the given I1; keep V1 and the original submission at 14:15, 15 minutes late, fill in the real author and time, and the approval remains blank and pending check. The exercise records are not measurements, and the correction does not prove that re-inspection was done.
Handover example: this material is a fictional paper exercise; check the 5 pieces according to D2 and R1: the records of M1/M2 conform, those of M3/M4 do not conform, and M5 is missing a diameter and is pending check; the whole-batch paper conformance rate is 40%. The calculation interval for M4 is in the annex and is not a rework approval. The equipment speed data conflict, the dust extraction failure, and the unchecked material combustibility / protection / SDS mean no work can be recommended. V2 corrects the two items of M3, keeping V1 and the true revision record; delivery was 15 minutes late and approval was not obtained. The real process, calibration / uncertainty, re-inspection, rework, and release are checked by trained and authorized positions, and the exercise does not prove competence.
Independently cover the answers and recompute the dimensions, the 40%, and the removal amount, check V1/V2 and the 15 minutes, and mark completed / pending check; another person's re-check is optional.
Do not touch real workpieces, equipment, dust, or chemicals; all values / states are only the exercise input, and this page cannot be used as an on-site procedure or approval.
Mark the work as a fictional paper exercise, recording the actual time spent / errors and any part that received help; do not package it as proof of hands-on work or hiring.
Four parts of the work: the 5-piece determination table, the M4 calculation page, the I3/I4 anomaly pending check table, and the V1→V2 and late submission / approval records and handover; refer back to R1/I1—I5.
Mark the exercise-given records, the derived calculations, the pending items, and the real practice author / time, and do not claim measurements.
No measuring tools, workshop, mentor, or external software are needed.
Cover the answers and independently check 19.96—20.00 inclusive of the boundaries, Ra ≤ 1.6, 40%, and 0.03—0.07 / 0.015—0.035 mm.
Record differences as original value / changed value / reason / actual time; check the two M3 items and that the correction does not change the on-time status and approval.
Optionally ask an experienced person to re-check and keep their real comments; this is not a prerequisite for independent completion.
Write a handover-ready work summary (drawing version and process basis and process and parameters and measured values and appearance and defects and handling and outstanding items).
The summary must not contain real product data or controlled or trade-secret material or identifiable personal information, and should use numbers and synthetic data where necessary.
Note the information sources and assumptions, and distinguish measured facts from judgment inferences and items to be verified.
If digital tools were used, list the input / output / your own re-check; a pen and calculator are sufficient.
The equipment values serve only to identify the data conflict, and no speed is set and no action is performed.
Given records must not be renamed as real measurements; practical work follows trained and authorized procedures.
| Stage | Points that may be checked | Observable evidence | Boundary note |
|---|---|---|---|
| Resume and initial screening | Mechanical or materials related training, grinding or polishing or deburring or tooling maintenance experience, and safety training | Training and workshop experience and safety and occupational health training records | Self-assessment cannot replace training and medical examination and institutional verification |
| Interview | Understanding of drawing and process and tolerance and template and protection and occupational health boundaries | On-site judgment about out-of-tolerance and protection and tooling and exceeding authority in the question-and-answer | Scenario answers cannot replace safety and occupational health training and authorization |
| Written or practical test | Drawing reading and measurement and grinding and polishing and deburring and filing and inspection and record statements | Process and measured values and appearance and defects and protection design results | The practical test does not equal the ability to determine materials independently or to release independently |
| Onboarding and probation | Compliance with process and safety and occupational health and quality and record management rules | Process and measured values and defects and handling and protection and training and escalation form records | Duties and authority are governed by the institution and the position assignment and assessment |
Read R1/I1 and list the 19.96—20.00 inclusive boundaries and the Ra and appearance conditions.
Mark it as a fictional paper exercise; record the real practice time, differences, and pending items, with no workshop / mentor / equipment needed.
Complete the M1—M5 determination piece by piece, calculate 2/5=40%, and distinguish 2 non-conforming and 1 pending check.
Mark it as a fictional paper exercise; record the real practice time, differences, and pending items, with no workshop / mentor / equipment needed.
Using I2, recompute the diameter removal of M4 as 0.03—0.07 and the radius as 0.015—0.035 mm, keeping the restriction that rework is not approved.
Mark it as a fictional paper exercise; record the real practice time, differences, and pending items, with no workshop / mentor / equipment needed.
Using I3/I4, write the data conflict and the pending dust extraction / SDS / combustibility items and the referral recipients, without proposing on-site operations.
Mark it as a fictional paper exercise; record the real practice time, differences, and pending items, with no workshop / mentor / equipment needed.
Using I5, keep V1 and make the two V2 corrections, filling in the real author and time and the 15-minute delay / blank approval.
Mark it as a fictional paper exercise; record the real practice time, differences, and pending items, with no workshop / mentor / equipment needed.
Cover the answers and independently recompute / check for omissions, recording two potential misjudgments; other people's comments are optional.
Mark it as a fictional paper exercise; record the real practice time, differences, and pending items, with no workshop / mentor / equipment needed.
Organize the four-part work and a handover of about 200 characters, and judge by time spent and errors whether to continue or practice more, without promising hands-on competence.
Mark it as a fictional paper exercise; record the real practice time, differences, and pending items, with no workshop / mentor / equipment needed.
| Qualification or preparation items | Who it applies to | Effect on this occupation | Whether it is universally required | Conditions for obtaining | Approximate investment | Limitation note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mechanical or materials or die related education and training | Some positions | Meets the starting point of drawing reading and processing and measuring tool knowledge for entry | U.S. BLS typical: entry with no formal education credential; specific positions check separately | Complete the corresponding education or vocational training and complete workshop internship training | Check against the specific course, position, and assessment; no uniform duration is given | Education is not equal to process change or release authority |
| Skills training in drawing reading and measurement and grinding and polishing and deburring and filing and tool maintenance | All positions | Meets routine processing and inspection and recording requirements | Universally required | Train in coursework and workstation internships and mentoring and pass assessment | Check against the specific course, position, and assessment; no uniform duration is given | Skills do not automatically confer material determination or release authority |
| Work safety and dust explosion prevention and occupational health and chemical and noise protection training | On-site work positions | A prerequisite for engaging in on-site work and dust and chemical operations | Safety training follows the position; special dust explosion prevention training is limited to positions actually involving explosion risk | Complete training / assessment and occupational health surveillance according to the actual hazard, applicable regulations, and position, without generalizing to the same medical examination for everyone | Check against the specific course, position, and assessment; no uniform duration is given | Subject to the requirements of the competent authority and the institution, and protection and medical examination requirements must not be exceeded |
| Safe operating requirements for grinding wheels and abrasives and hand-held power tools (where applicable) | Positions involving grinding wheels and power tools | Ensure tool use is safe and traceable | Required for the relevant positions | Train and inspect according to equipment and abrasive safety procedures and keep records | Check against the specific course, position, and assessment; no uniform duration is given | When the tool status is abnormal, it must not continue to be used |
| Industry qualifications or skill levels (not obtained this round) | According to position and institutional requirements | This page does not invent certificate names | According to position and institutional requirements | The O*NET certification catalogue did not list any national certifications related to this occupation this round; if the institution has requirements, the institution's requirements prevail | Check against the specific course, position, and assessment; no uniform duration is given | No particular certificate may be presumed to exist based on this page |
| Process and customer and confidentiality management training | Positions involving process and customer data | A prerequisite for obtaining authorization to handle process and product and customer data | Required according to position | Complete process and quality and data and confidentiality training and obtain authorization | Check against the specific course, position, and assessment; no uniform duration is given | Subject to the requirements of the institution and the competent authority |
Qualification boundary (one) | application conditions, education, training certificates, health and occupational health examinations, grinding wheel and tool status, institutional and position authorization, and authority over process and tooling changes and first articles and release and material and heat treatment and surface standard determinations are different states: meeting recruitment conditions does not mean obtaining the authority to change processes independently or to release or to make material and standard conclusions. These are editorial check directions: dust explosion prevention training is limited to actual combustible dust explosion hazards, and occupational health surveillance is arranged according to actual exposure hazards and valid regulations, so not all training and medical examinations can be listed as a common statutory admission requirement for every position.
Qualification boundary (two) | in mainland China, dust and noise and chemical exposure must be protected and monitored according to occupational health requirements; waste gas and wastewater and solid waste and noise must be disposed of according to environmental protection requirements; mechanical equipment and abrasives such as grinding wheels must be used and inspected according to safety procedures; and products must meet quality and safety related standards. In the U.S., admission to this occupation is usually based mainly on Job Zone 1-2 education and on-the-job training and skills, with institutional process and position authorization defining processing and inspection and release authority. This description does not replace the safety and health and quality requirements of the competent authority and the institution.
Qualification boundary (three) | education, skills, safety and occupational health training, tool and equipment status, hiring, authorization, and processing and inspection and release and traceability responsibility must each be checked separately; the preparation items listed on this page are search and check directions and do not constitute a formal qualification list for any institution; where they differ from the requirements of the competent authority or the institution, the latter prevails.
Qualification boundary (four) | this page provides no personal ability or compensation promise, and does not constitute any machining or material or dust or noise or chemical or work safety or investment advice.
Insufficient evidence: a search of the Triangle Manufacturing official job index previously showed Hand Finisher/Polisher, Upper Saddle River NJ, but the current body text depends on a Jazz component and direct reads return 403; no complete announcement, posting date / deadline, salary, education / experience, or position conditions have been obtained, so the third-party 20 U.S. dollars per hour or shift information cannot be substituted for an official sample, and it cannot be confirmed that applications are still open. This is only a U.S. single-employer search lead, not a Chinese sample, SOC certification, or market statistic. When checking a real announcement, record the date, location, specific tasks / materials and equipment, education and training, working hours and pay, and protection / authorization, and do not treat a search index as a complete verified sample.
Boundary | the preparation paths and capability ladder on this page are meant to help you plan learning and accumulate evidence, and do not constitute hiring, promotion, or qualification judgments. Real admission is based on education and training and health and institutional authorization and assessment, and they do not represent authority over process changes or material and standard determinations or release and disclosure; work involving on-site operations and dust and noise and chemicals and controlled materials must be carried out within work safety and dust explosion prevention and occupational health and quality requirements. These are editorial check directions: dust explosion prevention training is limited to actual combustible dust explosion hazards, and occupational health surveillance is arranged according to actual exposure hazards and valid regulations, so not all training and medical examinations can be listed as a common statutory admission requirement for every position.
Under mentoring, take on handling and loading and cleaning and simple deburring and workstation preparation and record assistance; do not independently read drawings and select materials or judge appearance or release.
Shadowing and processing assistant positions
Can independently complete drawing reading and material selection and clamping and grinding and polishing and trimming and inspection and recording within the drawing and process and authorization scope, and escalate and re-check according to the system when something is abnormal or beyond authority.
Independent grinding and polishing positions
Can take on complex curved surface and irregular part finishing and tooling and abrasives and measuring tool management and first articles and patrol inspection and mentoring.
Skilled and tooling and inspection positions
Can take on process and process implementation and quality and safety and output and training and anomaly handling and countersigning and cross-process coordination.
Workstation and quality management positions
The U.S. O*NET new hire education requirements questionnaire: high school equivalent 37%, below high school 27%, which is not the distribution of credentials held by workers; the page does not show the remaining proportions completely, so they cannot be filled in to make 100%. Job Zone1—2 / SVP under 6 is a general preparation description, not a uniform term. The BLS2025 precise line is typically entry with no formal education credential, no relevant experience, and medium-term on-the-job training; specific employer education requirements are not excluded. Editorial path: verify on paper with H1, then check real trained / position assessment; tooling, quality, and safety management are possible learning directions, not automatic promotion or a uniform multi-week term.
Qualification boundary | receiving vocational training, completing shadowing and workstation hands-on work, obtaining an education or training certificate, passing work safety and dust explosion prevention and occupational health training and medical examinations, and obtaining institutional and position authorization and process and release authority are different states; the preparation items listed on this page do not equal authorization and do not automatically confer the authority to determine materials and standards independently or to release products. These are editorial check directions: dust explosion prevention training is limited to actual combustible dust explosion hazards, and occupational health surveillance is arranged according to actual exposure hazards and valid regulations, so not all training and medical examinations can be listed as a common statutory admission requirement for every position.
The U.S. O*NET new hire education requirements questionnaire: high school equivalent 37%, below high school 27%, which is not the distribution of credentials held by workers; the page does not show the remaining proportions completely, so they cannot be filled in to make 100%. Job Zone1—2 / SVP under 6 is a general preparation description, not a uniform term. The BLS2025 precise line is typically entry with no formal education credential, no relevant experience, and medium-term on-the-job training; specific employer education requirements are not excluded. China's Work Safety Law requires position training, procedures, safety equipment, and hazard reporting; the Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Law arranges control / notification / training / occupational health surveillance according to actual exposure hazards, and does not treat routine physical examinations for everyone as the same requirement. Article 2 of the dust explosion prevention provisions is limited to industrial and trade enterprises with combustible dust explosion hazards, and Articles 8/9/11—19 cover special training, protection, identification, dust extraction / maintenance / cleaning / special overhaul; not all dust is explosive, and no general water treatment or PPE configuration is given. Article 9 of the Ecological Environment Code requires operators to prevent pollution, and Article 1242 takes effect on 2026-08-15 and repeals the old Environmental Protection Law; specific emission / waste / noise systems are checked by activity. Grinding wheels and ordinary machine tools are not automatically special equipment, and permits are checked only where they actually apply. Personal information protection is limited to identifiable personal information, and drawing / customer confidentiality is checked separately against the contract.
Summary | understand the path as a cycle of learning — shadowing and workstation hands-on work — process and safety and occupational health training and medical examinations — authorization — responsibility: first complete education or vocational training and skills training, then get familiar with drawings and processes and abrasives and tooling and protection and quality systems during mentoring, and after obtaining the corresponding authorization process independently and deepen in a direction; where material and heat treatment determinations or surface standard interpretation or process changes or release are involved, the corresponding position or institutional approval must be obtained or the matter referred according to the system. These are editorial check directions: dust explosion prevention training is limited to actual combustible dust explosion hazards, and occupational health surveillance is arranged according to actual exposure hazards and valid regulations, so not all training and medical examinations can be listed as a common statutory admission requirement for every position.
The U.S. O*NET new hire education requirements questionnaire: high school equivalent 37%, below high school 27%, which is not the distribution of credentials held by workers; the page does not show the remaining proportions completely, so they cannot be filled in to make 100%. Job Zone1—2 / SVP under 6 is a general preparation description, not a uniform term. The BLS2025 precise line is typically entry with no formal education credential, no relevant experience, and medium-term on-the-job training; specific employer education requirements are not excluded.
Used to check the tasks and work activities and work environment of this occupation and help plan learning priorities.
The current 51-9022 national certification catalogue shows No certifications were found; this is the result of searching that catalogue and does not prove that no qualification exists globally or in China or that applicable permits are exempt.
Insufficient evidence: a search of the Triangle Manufacturing official job index previously showed Hand Finisher/Polisher, Upper Saddle River NJ, but the current body text depends on a Jazz component and direct reads return 403; no complete announcement, posting date / deadline, salary, education / experience, or position conditions have been obtained, so the third-party 20 U.S. dollars per hour or shift information cannot be substituted for an official sample, and it cannot be confirmed that applications are still open. This is only a U.S. single-employer search lead, not a Chinese sample, SOC certification, or market statistic.
Mechanical or materials related training records; work safety and occupational health training. These are editorial check directions: dust explosion prevention training is limited to actual combustible dust explosion hazards, and occupational health surveillance is arranged according to actual exposure hazards and valid regulations, so not all training and medical examinations can be listed as a common statutory admission requirement for every position.
Familiar with the key points of drawings and processes and abrasives and tools and measuring tools and templates and protection and records.
Handling and loading and deburring and assisted records and mentoring evaluation; able to restate the process and protection key points.
Under mentoring, take on handling and loading and cleaning and simple deburring and workstation preparation and record assistance; do not independently read drawings and select materials or judge appearance or release.
Processing assistant positions
Specific position training and authorization and workstation practice records; those exposed to occupational disease hazards undergo occupational health examinations under the applicable regulations, and no uniform examination threshold is set for this occupation.
Accumulate experience under different materials and products and surface requirement conditions, and practice abrasive and tool selection and complex curved surface finishing and defect determination methods.
Process and parameters and measured values and appearance and defects and handling records and re-check opinions.
Independently complete clamping and rough grinding and fine grinding and polishing and trimming and deburring and filing and dimension and appearance inspection and re-check and record according to norms.
Independent grinding and polishing positions
Corresponding position authorization; tooling management and mentoring records.
Learn tooling and measuring tool management and first articles and patrol inspection and quality control and complex part finishing methods.
Tooling and measuring tool management and first articles and mentoring and quality records.
Take on process implementation and tooling and abrasives and measuring tool management and first articles and patrol inspection and inspection and mentoring.
Process and tooling mentoring positions
Corresponding management appointment or institutional authorization.
Improve the management mechanisms for process and process and quality and training and anomaly handling.
Coordination conclusions; process and process and quality and training documents.
Coordinate process and process and quality and output and training and anomaly handling and countersigning, handle complex and disputed matters, and guide newcomers.
Processing and quality coordination positions
Mechanical or quality related training records; quality and data security training.
Familiar with the key points of measuring tool and template use and tolerances and surface requirements and inspection and archiving norms.
Measuring tools and templates and measured values and assisted records and re-check opinions.
Under mentoring, take on measuring tool and template preparation and measured record keeping and ledger registration and archiving assistance; do not independently determine conformance or release.
Inspection and record assistant positions
Institutional position authorization; inspection practice experience.
Accumulate experience under different materials and products and surface requirement conditions, and practice sampling and first articles and patrol inspection and non-conforming handling and traceability methods.
Inspection and determination and segregation and handling and traceability records and re-check opinions.
Independently complete dimension and appearance and surface and defect inspection and determination and non-conforming segregation handling and quality data compilation and mark and document according to norms.
Independent inspection and quality positions
Corresponding position authorization; audit and mentoring records.
Learn quality management systems and measuring tool management and non-conforming correction and traceability methods.
Audit and quality and tooling and mentoring and training records.
Take on quality and measuring tool and tooling audits and training and record and archiving management and mentoring and implementation of non-conforming corrective actions.
Quality and tooling and mentoring positions
Corresponding management appointment or institutional authorization.
Improve the management mechanisms for quality and tooling and measuring tools and training and traceability.
Coordination conclusions; quality and tooling and measuring tool and training documents.
Coordinate quality and tooling and measuring tools and training and countersigning, handle complex and disputed matters, and guide newcomers.
Quality and tooling coordination positions
Safety or occupational health related training records; dust explosion prevention and chemical training. These are editorial check directions: dust explosion prevention training is limited to actual combustible dust explosion hazards, and occupational health surveillance is arranged according to actual exposure hazards and valid regulations, so not all training and medical examinations can be listed as a common statutory admission requirement for every position.
Familiar with the key points of equipment and grinding wheels and protection and ventilation and dust extraction and noise and chemicals and emergency response and records.
Protection and dust extraction and chemical ledgers and assisted records and re-check opinions.
Under mentoring, take on protective equipment and ventilation and dust extraction and chemical ledger and safety record assistance; do not independently determine protection conditions or handle anomalies.
Safety and on-site assistant positions
Institutional position authorization and training; on-site safety management experience.
Accumulate experience under different processes and materials and chemical conditions, and practice hazard identification and anomaly handling and emergency response and escalation methods.
Inspection and protection and anomaly handling and safety and occupational health records and re-check opinions.
Independently complete equipment and grinding wheel and hand tool inspection and protection and ventilation and dust extraction and chemical management and anomaly handling and safety records and re-check according to norms.
Independent safety and on-site positions
Corresponding position authorization; audit and mentoring records.
Learn safety management systems and dust explosion prevention and occupational health and emergency response and training norm methods. These are editorial check directions: dust explosion prevention training is limited to actual combustible dust explosion hazards, and occupational health surveillance is arranged according to actual exposure hazards and valid regulations, so not all training and medical examinations can be listed as a common statutory admission requirement for every position.
Audit and safety and training and hazard rectification records.
Take on safety and occupational health audits and training and emergency plans and record and archiving management and mentoring and implementation of hazard rectification.
Safety and training and mentoring positions
Corresponding management appointment or institutional authorization.
Improve the management mechanisms for safety and occupational health and production and training and outsourcing.
Coordination conclusions; safety and occupational health and production and training documents.
Coordinate safety and occupational health and production and training and outsourcing and countersigning, handle complex and disputed matters, and guide newcomers.
Safety and production coordination positions
2025 U.S. national 10th/25th/50th/75th/90th percentile annual wages for this occupation 51-9022 are 33,480/37,450/42,660/49,980/60,810 U.S. dollars, hourly 16.09/18.00/20.51/24.03/29.23 U.S. dollars. OEWS includes production bonuses and commissions, and excludes non-production bonuses, overtime premiums, shift differentials, benefits, and self-employment; percentiles are not starting pay, job level, or an individual's take-home pay. BLS current 2025—2035 employment for the precise occupation 51-9022 goes from 10.8→8.7 thousand, a change of −19.2%, a net change of −2.1 thousand, and an average of 0.7 thousand annual openings from replacements; each figure is rounded independently, and EP includes self-employment (2.5% in 2025) and differs from OEWS wages. Projections are not actual hiring, individual outcomes, or AI causality. The current O*NET already shows 2025 employment of 10,800, a declining category for 2025—2035, and an average of 700 annual openings, consistent with the current BLS period. Insufficient evidence: the NBS2025 urban unit industry and five-category position wage aggregates have been read, but no precise mapping of 51-9022.00 to a Chinese classification, national occupational wage percentiles, or employment scale has been obtained; the old MOHRSS links were not read as body text and are only search leads. No industry average, announcement rate, or U.S. figure is substituted, and it is not claimed that no national data exists.
Insufficient evidence: the national wage percentiles have been verified, but the regional percentiles / industry medians for this round have not been obtained, and national values cannot be substituted.
2025 U.S. national 10th/25th/50th/75th/90th percentile annual wages for this occupation 51-9022 are 33,480/37,450/42,660/49,980/60,810 U.S. dollars, hourly 16.09/18.00/20.51/24.03/29.23 U.S. dollars. OEWS includes production bonuses and commissions, and excludes non-production bonuses, overtime premiums, shift differentials, benefits, and self-employment; percentiles are not starting pay, job level, or an individual's take-home pay.
Wages (median and percentiles, this occupation (51-9022.00) own scope)
SOC 51-9022.00 (OEWS 2025, presented through O*NET)
Median annual wage 42,660 U.S. dollars / median hourly wage 20.51 U.S. dollars; 10th percentile 33,480, 25th percentile 37,450, 75th percentile 49,980, 90th percentile 60,810 (U.S. dollars per year)
2025—2035
BLS current 2025—2035 employment for the precise occupation 51-9022 goes from 10.8→8.7 thousand, a change of −19.2%, a net change of −2.1 thousand, and an average of 0.7 thousand annual openings from replacements; each figure is rounded independently, and EP includes self-employment (2.5% in 2025) and differs from OEWS wages. Projections are not actual hiring, individual outcomes, or AI causality. The current O*NET already shows 2025 employment of 10,800, a declining category for 2025—2035, and an average of 700 annual openings, consistent with the current BLS period.
EP includes self-employment at 2.5% and differs from OEWS wages; projection / replacement openings are not net growth or actual advertising.
Employment scale and growth and job openings (this occupation (51-9022.00) own scope)
SOC51-9022, BLS2025—2035 direct occupational projections
BLS current 2025—2035 employment for the precise occupation 51-9022 goes from 10.8→8.7 thousand, a change of −19.2%, a net change of −2.1 thousand, and an average of 0.7 thousand annual openings from replacements; each figure is rounded independently, and EP includes self-employment (2.5% in 2025) and differs from OEWS wages. Projections are not actual hiring, individual outcomes, or AI causality. The current O*NET already shows 2025 employment of 10,800, a declining category for 2025—2035, and an average of 700 annual openings, consistent with the current BLS period.
Insufficient evidence: the NBS2025 urban unit industry and five-category position wage aggregates have been read, but no precise mapping of 51-9022.00 to a Chinese classification, national occupational wage percentiles, or employment scale has been obtained; the old MOHRSS links were not read as body text and are only search leads. No industry average, announcement rate, or U.S. figure is substituted, and it is not claimed that no national data exists.
The legal environment and management system and statistical scope differ, so no splicing or conversion is done; the China part of this page only registers the statistical scope and visible gaps.
Occupational wages and employment (statistical scope and gaps)
National Bureau of Statistics average wage of urban unit employed persons (industry-category scope) and bounded search
Insufficient evidence: the NBS2025 urban unit industry and five-category position wage aggregates have been read, but no precise mapping of 51-9022.00 to a Chinese classification, national occupational wage percentiles, or employment scale has been obtained; the old MOHRSS links were not read as body text and are only search leads. No industry average, announcement rate, or U.S. figure is substituted, and it is not claimed that no national data exists.
2025 U.S. national 10th/25th/50th/75th/90th percentile annual wages for this occupation 51-9022 are 33,480/37,450/42,660/49,980/60,810 U.S. dollars, hourly 16.09/18.00/20.51/24.03/29.23 U.S. dollars. OEWS includes production bonuses and commissions, and excludes non-production bonuses, overtime premiums, shift differentials, benefits, and self-employment; percentiles are not starting pay, job level, or an individual's take-home pay.
BLS current 2025—2035 employment for the precise occupation 51-9022 goes from 10.8→8.7 thousand, a change of −19.2%, a net change of −2.1 thousand, and an average of 0.7 thousand annual openings from replacements; each figure is rounded independently, and EP includes self-employment (2.5% in 2025) and differs from OEWS wages. Projections are not actual hiring, individual outcomes, or AI causality. The current O*NET already shows 2025 employment of 10,800, a declining category for 2025—2035, and an average of 700 annual openings, consistent with the current BLS period.
Insufficient evidence: the NBS2025 urban unit industry and five-category position wage aggregates have been read, but no precise mapping of 51-9022.00 to a Chinese classification, national occupational wage percentiles, or employment scale has been obtained; the old MOHRSS links were not read as body text and are only search leads. No industry average, announcement rate, or U.S. figure is substituted, and it is not claimed that no national data exists.
Used to check the O*NET presentation of this occupation's tasks and employment and industry (U.S. scope, with wages and employment being the own scope of this occupation (51-9022.00)).
Needs added capability in equipment setup and feeding and batch grinding and equipment maintenance; transition note: editorial transition comparison: add training / process / equipment experience according to the real target tasks, with no distance level, hiring probability, or automatic promotion given. This page does not quantify transition distance or success probability, and target position qualifications, authorization, and training must be checked separately.
Grinding process and measuring tool and safety experience
Editorial judgment: capability must be added
Needs added capability in cutting equipment setup and cutting and dimension inspection; transition note: editorial transition comparison: add training / process / equipment experience according to the real target tasks, with no distance level, hiring probability, or automatic promotion given. This page does not quantify transition distance or success probability, and target position qualifications, authorization, and training must be checked separately.
Measuring tool and dimension and safety experience
Editorial judgment: capability must be added
Needs added capability in die clamping and press and shear equipment operation and first-article inspection; transition note: editorial transition comparison: add training / process / equipment experience according to the real target tasks, with no distance level, hiring probability, or automatic promotion given. This page does not quantify transition distance or success probability, and target position qualifications, authorization, and training must be checked separately.
Measuring tool and first article and safety experience
Editorial judgment: capability must be added
Needs added capability in machine setup and batch processing and equipment maintenance; transition note: editorial transition comparison: add training / process / equipment experience according to the real target tasks, with no distance level, hiring probability, or automatic promotion given. This page does not quantify transition distance or success probability, and target position qualifications, authorization, and training must be checked separately.
Process and measuring tool and safety experience
Editorial judgment: capability must be added
Needs added capability in lathe operation and cutting tools and dimension and batch control; transition note: editorial transition comparison: add training / process / equipment experience according to the real target tasks, with no distance level, hiring probability, or automatic promotion given. This page does not quantify transition distance or success probability, and target position qualifications, authorization, and training must be checked separately.
Measuring tool and process and safety experience
Editorial judgment: capability must be added
Needs added capability in milling and planing machine operation and cutting tools and dimension and batch control; transition note: editorial transition comparison: add training / process / equipment experience according to the real target tasks, with no distance level, hiring probability, or automatic promotion given. This page does not quantify transition distance or success probability, and target position qualifications, authorization, and training must be checked separately.
Measuring tool and process and safety experience
Editorial judgment: capability must be added
Needs added capability in die and tooling design and metalworking and heat treatment and die trials; transition note: editorial transition comparison: add training / process / equipment experience according to the real target tasks, with no distance level, hiring probability, or automatic promotion given. This page does not quantify transition distance or success probability, and target position qualifications, authorization, and training must be checked separately.
Measuring tool and process and drawing experience
Editorial judgment: capability must be added
Needs added capability in cutting tool geometry and sharpening and inspection; transition note: editorial transition comparison: add training / process / equipment experience according to the real target tasks, with no distance level, hiring probability, or automatic promotion given. This page does not quantify transition distance or success probability, and target position qualifications, authorization, and training must be checked separately.
Grinding process and measuring tool and safety experience
Editorial judgment: capability must be added
2025 U.S. national 10th/25th/50th/75th/90th percentile annual wages for this occupation 51-9022 are 33,480/37,450/42,660/49,980/60,810 U.S. dollars, hourly 16.09/18.00/20.51/24.03/29.23 U.S. dollars. OEWS includes production bonuses and commissions, and excludes non-production bonuses, overtime premiums, shift differentials, benefits, and self-employment; percentiles are not starting pay, job level, or an individual's take-home pay. BLS current 2025—2035 employment for the precise occupation 51-9022 goes from 10.8→8.7 thousand, a change of −19.2%, a net change of −2.1 thousand, and an average of 0.7 thousand annual openings from replacements; each figure is rounded independently, and EP includes self-employment (2.5% in 2025) and differs from OEWS wages. Projections are not actual hiring, individual outcomes, or AI causality. O*NET still shows the prior 2024—2034 base period of 11,800 / decline of 1% or more / 800, which is not used as the current projection.
Insufficient evidence: the NBS2025 urban unit industry and five-category position wage aggregates have been read, but no precise mapping of 51-9022.00 to a Chinese classification, national occupational wage percentiles, or employment scale has been obtained; the old MOHRSS links were not read as body text and are only search leads. No industry average, announcement rate, or U.S. figure is substituted, and it is not claimed that no national data exists.
O*NET has been read for 41 work activities, 22 detailed activities, and 57 work context items: physical strength 98 / control 97 / handling 97 / decision making 95 / creativity 95 / checking 91 / monitoring 89 / mechanical maintenance 87 / information 82 / communication 81 as importance values. Contamination 77% daily, noise 72% daily, contact 42% continually, and precision 21% important are the response proportions of specific options, not hazard concentrations / incident rates or the situation for everyone; standing 16% about half the time and repetitive movement 16% less than half the time cannot be generalized to everyone standing all day. Hours / automation and other items are not shown with a complete distribution on this page, so check the specific contract.
Insufficient evidence: this round has not obtained a precise generative AI exposure level, actual robot adoption / substitution rate, or wage causality data for 51-9022.00. The O*NET tasks and software mentions do not support moderately high, clearly substituted, or that the whole occupation will not be replaced; ILO2025 is an ISCO task index, no precise SOC mapping for this page has been established, and it is not asserted that the study does not cover it. The following assistance candidates are editorial advice and require measured quality and investment and authorization; they are not adopted statistics. Mechanical automation and generative AI are assessed separately.
The U.S. O*NET new hire education requirements questionnaire: high school equivalent 37%, below high school 27%, which is not the distribution of credentials held by workers; the page does not show the remaining proportions completely, so they cannot be filled in to make 100%. Job Zone1—2 / SVP under 6 is a general preparation description, not a uniform term. The BLS2025 precise line is typically entry with no formal education credential, no relevant experience, and medium-term on-the-job training; specific employer education requirements are not excluded. China's Work Safety Law requires position training, procedures, safety equipment, and hazard reporting; the Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Law arranges control / notification / training / occupational health surveillance according to actual exposure hazards, and does not treat routine physical examinations for everyone as the same requirement. Article 2 of the dust explosion prevention provisions is limited to industrial and trade enterprises with combustible dust explosion hazards, and Articles 8/9/11—19 cover special training, protection, identification, dust extraction / maintenance / cleaning / special overhaul; not all dust is explosive, and no general water treatment or PPE configuration is given. Article 9 of the Ecological Environment Code requires operators to prevent pollution, and Article 1242 takes effect on 2026-08-15 and repeals the old Environmental Protection Law; specific emission / waste / noise systems are checked by activity. Grinding wheels and ordinary machine tools are not automatically special equipment, and permits are checked only where they actually apply. Personal information protection is limited to identifiable personal information, and drawing / customer confidentiality is checked separately against the contract.
The current 51-9022 national certification catalogue shows No certifications were found; this is the result of searching that catalogue and does not prove that no qualification exists globally or in China or that applicable permits are exempt. China's Work Safety Law requires position training, procedures, safety equipment, and hazard reporting; the Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Law arranges control / notification / training / occupational health surveillance according to actual exposure hazards, and does not treat routine physical examinations for everyone as the same requirement. Article 2 of the dust explosion prevention provisions is limited to industrial and trade enterprises with combustible dust explosion hazards, and Articles 8/9/11—19 cover special training, protection, identification, dust extraction / maintenance / cleaning / special overhaul; not all dust is explosive, and no general water treatment or PPE configuration is given. Article 9 of the Ecological Environment Code requires operators to prevent pollution, and Article 1242 takes effect on 2026-08-15 and repeals the old Environmental Protection Law; specific emission / waste / noise systems are checked by activity. Grinding wheels and ordinary machine tools are not automatically special equipment, and permits are checked only where they actually apply. Personal information protection is limited to identifiable personal information, and drawing / customer confidentiality is checked separately against the contract.
Equipment / protection failure, actual material dust / noise / chemical exposure, dimension / surface out-of-tolerance, and distortion of original records and authorized handover are verifiable risk scenarios; O*NET percentages cannot prove consequence severity or occurrence probability. China's Work Safety Law requires position training, procedures, safety equipment, and hazard reporting; the Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Law arranges control / notification / training / occupational health surveillance according to actual exposure hazards, and does not treat routine physical examinations for everyone as the same requirement. Article 2 of the dust explosion prevention provisions is limited to industrial and trade enterprises with combustible dust explosion hazards, and Articles 8/9/11—19 cover special training, protection, identification, dust extraction / maintenance / cleaning / special overhaul; not all dust is explosive, and no general water treatment or PPE configuration is given. Article 9 of the Ecological Environment Code requires operators to prevent pollution, and Article 1242 takes effect on 2026-08-15 and repeals the old Environmental Protection Law; specific emission / waste / noise systems are checked by activity. Grinding wheels and ordinary machine tools are not automatically special equipment, and permits are checked only where they actually apply. Personal information protection is limited to identifiable personal information, and drawing / customer confidentiality is checked separately against the contract.
BLS current 2025—2035 employment for the precise occupation 51-9022 goes from 10.8→8.7 thousand, a change of −19.2%, a net change of −2.1 thousand, and an average of 0.7 thousand annual openings from replacements; each figure is rounded independently, and EP includes self-employment (2.5% in 2025) and differs from OEWS wages. Projections are not actual hiring, individual outcomes, or AI causality. O*NET still shows the prior 2024—2034 base period of 11,800 / decline of 1% or more / 800, which is not used as the current projection. Transitions add training / experience according to the real tasks, and are not a distance ranking.
This round separately verified the current precise O*NET occupation and tasks / context, the 2025 national wages, the 2025—2035 direct EP, and the new hire education and software / certification catalogue. Legal bases follow the actual activity and jurisdiction; the exercise is the author's six fictional input sets, not external practical data.
The 25 source stable IDs are retained and corrected against the real body text and jurisdiction / period / limitations, and a source alias does not represent the content; old MOHRSS / employer dynamic components are only bounded leads, and body text that was not read cannot be written as supporting facts.
Checked on 2026-10-03: O*NET updated2026, wages 2025; the direct EP2025—2035 replaces the old 2024—2034. Article 1242 of the Ecological Environment Code takes effect on 2026-08-15 and repeals the old Environmental Protection Law, and the other provisions follow the valid activity scope.
Insufficient evidence: the NBS2025 urban unit industry and five-category position wage aggregates have been read, but no precise mapping of 51-9022.00 to a Chinese classification, national occupational wage percentiles, or employment scale has been obtained; the old MOHRSS links were not read as body text and are only search leads. No industry average, announcement rate, or U.S. figure is substituted, and it is not claimed that no national data exists. Insufficient evidence: this round has not obtained a precise generative AI exposure level, actual robot adoption / substitution rate, or wage causality data for 51-9022.00. The O*NET tasks and software mentions do not support moderately high, clearly substituted, or that the whole occupation will not be replaced; ILO2025 is an ISCO task index, no precise SOC mapping for this page has been established, and it is not asserted that the study does not cover it. The following assistance candidates are editorial advice and require measured quality and investment and authorization; they are not adopted statistics. Mechanical automation and generative AI are assessed separately. Insufficient evidence: a search of the Triangle Manufacturing official job index previously showed Hand Finisher/Polisher, Upper Saddle River NJ, but the current body text depends on a Jazz component and direct reads return 403; no complete announcement, posting date / deadline, salary, education / experience, or position conditions have been obtained, so the third-party 20 U.S. dollars per hour or shift information cannot be substituted for an official sample, and it cannot be confirmed that applications are still open. This is only a U.S. single-employer search lead, not a Chinese sample, SOC certification, or market statistic. U.S. national wages have been verified, but industry / regional data were not obtained this round.
U.S. 51-9022.00 uses hand and hand-held power tools to grind, sand, and polish objects made of metal, wood, stone, clay, plastics, glass, and so on, including chipping / polishing / finishing. The 17 tasks, 13 core and 4 supplementary, have been verified: checking template dimensions / testing under controlled conditions 91, grinding and cleaning 89, measuring and marking 87, deburring 86, marking defects 85, reading drawings 84, controlling 81, loading and adjusting 79, maintaining 77, selecting abrasives 76, filing grooves and contours 67, sharpening 64, transferring 61; supplementary removing parts 80 / recording 72 / applying chemicals 64 / cleaning brass from files 14. Importance is not frequency or a safety license; the hand designation does not exclude fixed equipment, and materials / parameters and release follow actual authorization.
O*NET has been read for 41 work activities, 22 detailed activities, and 57 work context items: physical strength 98 / control 97 / handling 97 / decision making 95 / creativity 95 / checking 91 / monitoring 89 / mechanical maintenance 87 / information 82 / communication 81 as importance values. Contamination 77% daily, noise 72% daily, contact 42% continually, and precision 21% important are the response proportions of specific options, not hazard concentrations / incident rates or the situation for everyone; standing 16% about half the time and repetitive movement 16% less than half the time cannot be generalized to everyone standing all day. Hours / automation and other items are not shown with a complete distribution on this page, so check the specific contract.
O*NET OnLine / U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration
United States
2026
official occupation details
51-9022.00
U.S. 51-9022.00 uses hand and hand-held power tools to grind, sand, and polish objects made of metal, wood, stone, clay, plastics, glass, and so on, including chipping / polishing / finishing. The 17 tasks, 13 core and 4 supplementary, have been verified: checking template dimensions / testing under controlled conditions 91, grinding and cleaning 89, measuring and marking 87, deburring 86, marking defects 85, reading drawings 84, controlling 81, loading and adjusting 79, maintaining 77, selecting abrasives 76, filing grooves and contours 67, sharpening 64, transferring 61; supplementary removing parts 80 / recording 72 / applying chemicals 64 / cleaning brass from files 14. Importance is not frequency or a safety license; the hand designation does not exclude fixed equipment, and materials / parameters and release follow actual authorization.
2026-10-03
The U.S. O*NET new hire education requirements questionnaire: high school equivalent 37%, below high school 27%, which is not the distribution of credentials held by workers; the page does not show the remaining proportions completely, so they cannot be filled in to make 100%. Job Zone1—2 / SVP under 6 is a general preparation description, not a uniform term. The BLS2025 precise line is typically entry with no formal education credential, no relevant experience, and medium-term on-the-job training; specific employer education requirements are not excluded.
The RC interest / work styles are not validity evidence for this site's assessments.
O*NET OnLine / U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration
United States
2026
official occupation profile
51-9022.00
The U.S. O*NET new hire education requirements questionnaire: high school equivalent 37%, below high school 27%, which is not the distribution of credentials held by workers; the page does not show the remaining proportions completely, so they cannot be filled in to make 100%. Job Zone1—2 / SVP under 6 is a general preparation description, not a uniform term. The BLS2025 precise line is typically entry with no formal education credential, no relevant experience, and medium-term on-the-job training; specific employer education requirements are not excluded.
2026-10-03
BLS current 2025—2035 employment for the precise occupation 51-9022 goes from 10.8→8.7 thousand, a change of −19.2%, a net change of −2.1 thousand, and an average of 0.7 thousand annual openings from replacements; each figure is rounded independently, and EP includes self-employment (2.5% in 2025) and differs from OEWS wages. Projections are not actual hiring, individual outcomes, or AI causality. O*NET still shows the prior 2024—2034 base period of 11,800 / decline of 1% or more / 800, which is not used as the current projection.
The current figure includes self-employment and replacement demand, not AI causality.
BLS
United States
2025—2035
official employment trends
51-9022
BLS current 2025—2035 employment for the precise occupation 51-9022 goes from 10.8→8.7 thousand, a change of −19.2%, a net change of −2.1 thousand, and an average of 0.7 thousand annual openings from replacements; each figure is rounded independently, and EP includes self-employment (2.5% in 2025) and differs from OEWS wages. Projections are not actual hiring, individual outcomes, or AI causality. O*NET still shows the prior 2024—2034 base period of 11,800 / decline of 1% or more / 800, which is not used as the current projection.
2026-10-03
2025 U.S. national 10th/25th/50th/75th/90th percentile annual wages for this occupation 51-9022 are 33,480/37,450/42,660/49,980/60,810 U.S. dollars, hourly 16.09/18.00/20.51/24.03/29.23 U.S. dollars. OEWS includes production bonuses and commissions, and excludes non-production bonuses, overtime premiums, shift differentials, benefits, and self-employment; percentiles are not starting pay, job level, or an individual's take-home pay.
Percentiles are not equal to seniority or an individual's take-home pay.
O*NET OnLine / U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration
United States
2025
official wage display
51-9022
2025 U.S. national 10th/25th/50th/75th/90th percentile annual wages for this occupation 51-9022 are 33,480/37,450/42,660/49,980/60,810 U.S. dollars, hourly 16.09/18.00/20.51/24.03/29.23 U.S. dollars. OEWS includes production bonuses and commissions, and excludes non-production bonuses, overtime premiums, shift differentials, benefits, and self-employment; percentiles are not starting pay, job level, or an individual's take-home pay.
2026-10-03
Insufficient evidence: the NBS2025 urban unit industry and five-category position wage aggregates have been read, but no precise mapping of 51-9022.00 to a Chinese classification, national occupational wage percentiles, or employment scale has been obtained; the old MOHRSS links were not read as body text and are only search leads. No industry average, announcement rate, or U.S. figure is substituted, and it is not claimed that no national data exists.
Industry and position major categories are not a precise occupational distribution.
National Bureau of Statistics
Mainland China
2025
official statistics release
Urban unit aggregate statistics
Insufficient evidence: the NBS2025 urban unit industry and five-category position wage aggregates have been read, but no precise mapping of 51-9022.00 to a Chinese classification, national occupational wage percentiles, or employment scale has been obtained; the old MOHRSS links were not read as body text and are only search leads. No industry average, announcement rate, or U.S. figure is substituted, and it is not claimed that no national data exists.
2026-10-03
Search lead only, with no wages or qualifications substituted.
No inference of no national data is drawn from a search that returned nothing.
Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security
Mainland China
Current specific data not verified
official survey release
Specific announcement body text not read
The old body text was not read this round, which does not support a claim that no precise national statistics exist.
2026-10-03
Reuses provisions read within the batch; commercial confidentiality is checked separately against the contract.
Purpose, minimum necessity, and authorization are kept separate.
Standing Committee of the National People's Congress
Mainland China
2021
statute
Identifiable personal information
Check only by actual personal information / lawful basis, and do not equate all process material with personal information.
2026-10-03
China's Work Safety Law requires position training, procedures, safety equipment, and hazard reporting; the Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Law arranges control / notification / training / occupational health surveillance according to actual exposure hazards, and does not treat routine physical examinations for everyone as the same requirement. Article 2 of the dust explosion prevention provisions is limited to industrial and trade enterprises with combustible dust explosion hazards, and Articles 8/9/11—19 cover special training, protection, identification, dust extraction / maintenance / cleaning / special overhaul; not all dust is explosive, and no general water treatment or PPE configuration is given. Article 9 of the Ecological Environment Code requires operators to prevent pollution, and Article 1242 takes effect on 2026-08-15 and repeals the old Environmental Protection Law; specific emission / waste / noise systems are checked by activity. Grinding wheels and ordinary machine tools are not automatically special equipment, and permits are checked only where they actually apply. Personal information protection is limited to identifiable personal information, and drawing / customer confidentiality is checked separately against the contract.
This page does not give on-site parameters, equipment certification, or a uniform special equipment qualification.
Standing Committee of the National People's Congress
Mainland China
Amended in 2021
statute
Production and operation position training / safety equipment / hazards
China's Work Safety Law requires position training, procedures, safety equipment, and hazard reporting; the Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Law arranges control / notification / training / occupational health surveillance according to actual exposure hazards, and does not treat routine physical examinations for everyone as the same requirement. Article 2 of the dust explosion prevention provisions is limited to industrial and trade enterprises with combustible dust explosion hazards, and Articles 8/9/11—19 cover special training, protection, identification, dust extraction / maintenance / cleaning / special overhaul; not all dust is explosive, and no general water treatment or PPE configuration is given. Article 9 of the Ecological Environment Code requires operators to prevent pollution, and Article 1242 takes effect on 2026-08-15 and repeals the old Environmental Protection Law; specific emission / waste / noise systems are checked by activity. Grinding wheels and ordinary machine tools are not automatically special equipment, and permits are checked only where they actually apply. Personal information protection is limited to identifiable personal information, and drawing / customer confidentiality is checked separately against the contract.
This round read Articles 9/1242 and the pollutant discharge permit / registration scope, and does not treat every position as a pollutant discharge permit holder.
The operator's duty does not mean every grinder holds the same permit.
National People's Congress
Mainland China
Takes effect on 2026-08-15
statute
Ecological environment related activities
Article 9 covers the operator's duty to prevent pollution; Article 1242 takes effect and the old Environmental Protection Law and others are repealed at the same time, and specific emission / waste requirements are checked by activity.
2026-10-03
China's Work Safety Law requires position training, procedures, safety equipment, and hazard reporting; the Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Law arranges control / notification / training / occupational health surveillance according to actual exposure hazards, and does not treat routine physical examinations for everyone as the same requirement. Article 2 of the dust explosion prevention provisions is limited to industrial and trade enterprises with combustible dust explosion hazards, and Articles 8/9/11—19 cover special training, protection, identification, dust extraction / maintenance / cleaning / special overhaul; not all dust is explosive, and no general water treatment or PPE configuration is given. Article 9 of the Ecological Environment Code requires operators to prevent pollution, and Article 1242 takes effect on 2026-08-15 and repeals the old Environmental Protection Law; specific emission / waste / noise systems are checked by activity. Grinding wheels and ordinary machine tools are not automatically special equipment, and permits are checked only where they actually apply. Personal information protection is limited to identifiable personal information, and drawing / customer confidentiality is checked separately against the contract.
Reuses the notification / control / training and exposed-person surveillance provisions read within the batch, and ordinary medical examinations are different.
Standing Committee of the National People's Congress
Mainland China
Amended in 2018
statute
Actual work involving occupational disease hazards
China's Work Safety Law requires position training, procedures, safety equipment, and hazard reporting; the Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Law arranges control / notification / training / occupational health surveillance according to actual exposure hazards, and does not treat routine physical examinations for everyone as the same requirement. Article 2 of the dust explosion prevention provisions is limited to industrial and trade enterprises with combustible dust explosion hazards, and Articles 8/9/11—19 cover special training, protection, identification, dust extraction / maintenance / cleaning / special overhaul; not all dust is explosive, and no general water treatment or PPE configuration is given. Article 9 of the Ecological Environment Code requires operators to prevent pollution, and Article 1242 takes effect on 2026-08-15 and repeals the old Environmental Protection Law; specific emission / waste / noise systems are checked by activity. Grinding wheels and ordinary machine tools are not automatically special equipment, and permits are checked only where they actually apply. Personal information protection is limited to identifiable personal information, and drawing / customer confidentiality is checked separately against the contract.
This round read Articles 2/3/8/9/11—19, which apply to combustible dust hazards, and does not generalize to all dust.
Wet dust extraction for aluminum and magnesium and the like has specific conditions, and wet methods / PPE are not selected from general prompts.
Ministry of Emergency Management
Mainland China
Takes effect on 2021-09-01
regulation
Industrial and trade enterprises with combustible dust explosion hazards
China's Work Safety Law requires position training, procedures, safety equipment, and hazard reporting; the Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Law arranges control / notification / training / occupational health surveillance according to actual exposure hazards, and does not treat routine physical examinations for everyone as the same requirement. Article 2 of the dust explosion prevention provisions is limited to industrial and trade enterprises with combustible dust explosion hazards, and Articles 8/9/11—19 cover special training, protection, identification, dust extraction / maintenance / cleaning / special overhaul; not all dust is explosive, and no general water treatment or PPE configuration is given. Article 9 of the Ecological Environment Code requires operators to prevent pollution, and Article 1242 takes effect on 2026-08-15 and repeals the old Environmental Protection Law; specific emission / waste / noise systems are checked by activity. Grinding wheels and ordinary machine tools are not automatically special equipment, and permits are checked only where they actually apply. Personal information protection is limited to identifiable personal information, and drawing / customer confidentiality is checked separately against the contract.
2026-10-03
Insufficient evidence: this round has not obtained a precise generative AI exposure level, actual robot adoption / substitution rate, or wage causality data for 51-9022.00. The O*NET tasks and software mentions do not support moderately high, clearly substituted, or that the whole occupation will not be replaced; ILO2025 is an ISCO task index, no precise SOC mapping for this page has been established, and it is not asserted that the study does not cover it. The following assistance candidates are editorial advice and require measured quality and investment and authorization; they are not adopted statistics. Mechanical automation and generative AI are assessed separately.
Reuses the ISCO task index method read within the batch, and does not equate exposure with actual adoption.
International Labour Organization
Global
current
research publication
task exposure context
Insufficient evidence: this round has not obtained a precise generative AI exposure level, actual robot adoption / substitution rate, or wage causality data for 51-9022.00. The O*NET tasks and software mentions do not support moderately high, clearly substituted, or that the whole occupation will not be replaced; ILO2025 is an ISCO task index, no precise SOC mapping for this page has been established, and it is not asserted that the study does not cover it. The following assistance candidates are editorial advice and require measured quality and investment and authorization; they are not adopted statistics. Mechanical automation and generative AI are assessed separately.
2026-10-03
U.S. 51-9022.00 uses hand and hand-held power tools to grind, sand, and polish objects made of metal, wood, stone, clay, plastics, glass, and so on, including chipping / polishing / finishing. The 17 tasks, 13 core and 4 supplementary, have been verified: checking template dimensions / testing under controlled conditions 91, grinding and cleaning 89, measuring and marking 87, deburring 86, marking defects 85, reading drawings 84, controlling 81, loading and adjusting 79, maintaining 77, selecting abrasives 76, filing grooves and contours 67, sharpening 64, transferring 61; supplementary removing parts 80 / recording 72 / applying chemicals 64 / cleaning brass from files 14. Importance is not frequency or a safety license; the hand designation does not exclude fixed equipment, and materials / parameters and release follow actual authorization.
O*NET has been read for 41 work activities, 22 detailed activities, and 57 work context items: physical strength 98 / control 97 / handling 97 / decision making 95 / creativity 95 / checking 91 / monitoring 89 / mechanical maintenance 87 / information 82 / communication 81 as importance values. Contamination 77% daily, noise 72% daily, contact 42% continually, and precision 21% important are the response proportions of specific options, not hazard concentrations / incident rates or the situation for everyone; standing 16% about half the time and repetitive movement 16% less than half the time cannot be generalized to everyone standing all day. Hours / automation and other items are not shown with a complete distribution on this page, so check the specific contract.
O*NET OnLine / U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration
United States
current page; accessed 2026-10-03
official occupation custom profile
51-9022.00 exact occupation
An occupation-level description, not used for individual prediction.
2026-10-03
Used for governance and risk control principles.
Used to clarify responsibility attribution and threshold re-check and rollback plans when automatic equipment and digital tools are adopted.
NIST
United States
AI RMF 1.0
governance framework
AI risk governance
Not a machine safety or dust explosion prevention or occupational health standard.
2026-10-03
2025 U.S. national 10th/25th/50th/75th/90th percentile annual wages for this occupation 51-9022 are 33,480/37,450/42,660/49,980/60,810 U.S. dollars, hourly 16.09/18.00/20.51/24.03/29.23 U.S. dollars. OEWS includes production bonuses and commissions, and excludes non-production bonuses, overtime premiums, shift differentials, benefits, and self-employment; percentiles are not starting pay, job level, or an individual's take-home pay.
Reuses concepts read within the batch, and EP includes self-employment which differs.
BLS
United States
Current methods
official methodology
Coverage and wage items
2025 U.S. national 10th/25th/50th/75th/90th percentile annual wages for this occupation 51-9022 are 33,480/37,450/42,660/49,980/60,810 U.S. dollars, hourly 16.09/18.00/20.51/24.03/29.23 U.S. dollars. OEWS includes production bonuses and commissions, and excludes non-production bonuses, overtime premiums, shift differentials, benefits, and self-employment; percentiles are not starting pay, job level, or an individual's take-home pay.
2026-10-03
O*NET detailed software has 2 categories: spreadsheet Excel and word processing Word; the hot page for 2025 U.S. job postings mentions the same 2 items, both with Not available proportions, which does not mean positions use only two software programs, or that AI has been adopted, or that there is a uniform programming threshold.
Both proportions are Not available, and two items cannot be used to infer the complete set of position tools.
O*NET OnLine / U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration
United States
2025
official technology display
51-9022.00 U.S. job posting mentions
O*NET detailed software has 2 categories: spreadsheet Excel and word processing Word; the hot page for 2025 U.S. job postings mentions the same 2 items, both with Not available proportions, which does not mean positions use only two software programs, or that AI has been adopted, or that there is a uniform programming threshold.
2026-10-03
Insufficient evidence: a search of the Triangle Manufacturing official job index previously showed Hand Finisher/Polisher, Upper Saddle River NJ, but the current body text depends on a Jazz component and direct reads return 403; no complete announcement, posting date / deadline, salary, education / experience, or position conditions have been obtained, so the third-party 20 U.S. dollars per hour or shift information cannot be substituted for an official sample, and it cannot be confirmed that applications are still open. This is only a U.S. single-employer search lead, not a Chinese sample, SOC certification, or market statistic.
There is no complete announcement / wage / date / duty evidence, so current availability to apply is not confirmed.
Triangle Manufacturing
United States
Checked on 2026-10-03
employer recruitment index
U.S. single-employer search lead
Insufficient evidence: a search of the Triangle Manufacturing official job index previously showed Hand Finisher/Polisher, Upper Saddle River NJ, but the current body text depends on a Jazz component and direct reads return 403; no complete announcement, posting date / deadline, salary, education / experience, or position conditions have been obtained, so the third-party 20 U.S. dollars per hour or shift information cannot be substituted for an official sample, and it cannot be confirmed that applications are still open. This is only a U.S. single-employer search lead, not a Chinese sample, SOC certification, or market statistic.
2026-10-03
No certifications were found is the actual search result.
Specific regulations / employer skill permits must be checked separately.
O*NET OnLine / U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration
United States
Current page
official certification discovery
51-9022.00 U.S. catalogue
No certification was found in the catalogue, which does not prove that no permit exists or that no Chinese qualification exists.
2026-10-03
The U.S. O*NET new hire education requirements questionnaire: high school equivalent 37%, below high school 27%, which is not the distribution of credentials held by workers; the page does not show the remaining proportions completely, so they cannot be filled in to make 100%. Job Zone1—2 / SVP under 6 is a general preparation description, not a uniform term. The BLS2025 precise line is typically entry with no formal education credential, no relevant experience, and medium-term on-the-job training; specific employer education requirements are not excluded.
The catalogue / general preparation does not prove a uniform term or all recruitment conditions.
O*NET OnLine / U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration
United States
2026
official training discovery
51-9022.00
The U.S. O*NET new hire education requirements questionnaire: high school equivalent 37%, below high school 27%, which is not the distribution of credentials held by workers; the page does not show the remaining proportions completely, so they cannot be filled in to make 100%. Job Zone1—2 / SVP under 6 is a general preparation description, not a uniform term. The BLS2025 precise line is typically entry with no formal education credential, no relevant experience, and medium-term on-the-job training; specific employer education requirements are not excluded.
2026-10-03
The 51-4033 definition includes setting up, operating, or tending metal / plastic grinding and polishing machine tools; batch work is a possible situation, not a defining condition.
Used to distinguish machine tool processing from hand processing.
O*NET OnLine / U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration
United States
current; accessed 2026-10-03
official occupation details
51-4033.00 exact occupation
An adjacent occupation's scope, which is not the same as this occupation.
2026-10-03
51-4111 lays out to specifications, sets up and operates machine tools, supports assembly, and makes and repairs dies, cutting tools, jigs, gauges, and the like; design and heat treatment are checked by specific task.
There is task overlap with hand surface processing; no uniform design responsibility, job level, or automatic release authority is inferred.
O*NET OnLine / U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration
United States
current; accessed 2026-10-03
official occupation details
51-4111.00 exact occupation
An adjacent occupation's scope, which is not the same as this occupation.
2026-10-03
O*NET detailed software has 2 categories: spreadsheet Excel and word processing Word; the hot page for 2025 U.S. job postings mentions the same 2 items, both with Not available proportions, which does not mean positions use only two software programs, or that AI has been adopted, or that there is a uniform programming threshold.
The 2 detailed categories and the 2 job posting mentions are kept as separate concepts.
O*NET OnLine / U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration
United States
2026
official database
51-9022.00
O*NET detailed software has 2 categories: spreadsheet Excel and word processing Word; the hot page for 2025 U.S. job postings mentions the same 2 items, both with Not available proportions, which does not mean positions use only two software programs, or that AI has been adopted, or that there is a uniform programming threshold.
2026-10-03
The classification does not prove that the position holds legal authority.
No claim is made to have read the SOC title PDF.
O*NET OnLine / U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration
United States
2026
official taxonomy mapping
51-9022.00
Precise occupation code / multi-material hand tool definition, not a Chinese mapping or authorization.
2026-10-03
The current Top industries on 2026-10-11 show 2025 manufacturing 80%; the original 2024 record is historical and cannot be claimed as the current period.
Other industry shares are not shown completely on this page.
O*NET OnLine / U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration
United States
current page; accessed 2026-10-03
official industry distribution
51-9022.00 exact occupation
This round O*NET2025 manufacturing 80%; this does not represent all employment or industry wages, and other shares are not shown completely.
2026-10-03
O*NET has been read for 41 work activities, 22 detailed activities, and 57 work context items: physical strength 98 / control 97 / handling 97 / decision making 95 / creativity 95 / checking 91 / monitoring 89 / mechanical maintenance 87 / information 82 / communication 81 as importance values. Contamination 77% daily, noise 72% daily, contact 42% continually, and precision 21% important are the response proportions of specific options, not hazard concentrations / incident rates or the situation for everyone; standing 16% about half the time and repetitive movement 16% less than half the time cannot be generalized to everyone standing all day. Hours / automation and other items are not shown with a complete distribution on this page, so check the specific contract.
The complete catalogue contains items whose distribution is not shown, and percentages are not falsely filled in.
O*NET OnLine / U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration
United States
2026
official occupation long view
51-9022.00
O*NET has been read for 41 work activities, 22 detailed activities, and 57 work context items: physical strength 98 / control 97 / handling 97 / decision making 95 / creativity 95 / checking 91 / monitoring 89 / mechanical maintenance 87 / information 82 / communication 81 as importance values. Contamination 77% daily, noise 72% daily, contact 42% continually, and precision 21% important are the response proportions of specific options, not hazard concentrations / incident rates or the situation for everyone; standing 16% about half the time and repetitive movement 16% less than half the time cannot be generalized to everyone standing all day. Hours / automation and other items are not shown with a complete distribution on this page, so check the specific contract.
2026-10-03
2026-10-03
2026-10-03