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SOC 29-9021 · O*NET 29-9021.00
The Health Information Technologists and Medical Registrars corresponds to the exact occupation O*NET/SOC 29-9021.00 "Health Information Technologists and Medical Registrars": apply knowledge of healthcare and information systems to assist in the design, development, and continued modification and analysis of computerized healthcare systems; abstract, collect, and analyze treatment and followup information of patients; may educate staff and assist in problem solving to promote the implementation of the healthcare information system; may design, develop, test, and implement databases with complete history, diagnosis, treatment, and health status to help monitor diseases; core tasks include using standard classification systems to identify, compile, abstract, and code patient data and assigning patients to diagnosis-related groups, protecting the security of medical records to ensure confidentiality, monitoring changes in legislation and accreditation standards that affect the security or privacy of information systems, planning and maintaining health record indexes and storage and retrieval systems, compiling statistical reports and graphic presentations, and designing databases that support healthcare applications and training medical records staff; common job titles include Medical Records Analyst and Medical Records Director. Official scope text: Apply knowledge of healthcare and information systems to assist in the design, development, and continued modification and analysis of computerized healthcare systems. Abstract, collect, and analyze treatment and followup information of patients. May educate staff and assist in problem solving to promote the implementation of the healthcare information system. May design, develop, test, and implement databases with complete history, diagnosis, treatment, and health status to help monitor diseases. Scope note: the U.S. wage and employment and industry data presented by O*NET on the 29-9021.00 page are not marked as taken from a parent occupation, so this page labels them faithfully according to this occupation's own scope (29-9021.00); this occupation is projected to grow 7% or higher over 2024—2034 and is marked Bright Outlook, and O*NET places it in Job Zone Three (medium preparation needed, SVP 6.0 to less than 7.0); this page is a "subset profile" and does not provide educational attainment distribution, work context percentages, or task importance scores, and this page marks them with "Evidence insufficient:" rather than filling them in. The content on this page does not constitute medical, diagnostic, treatment, medication, legal, or compliance advice.
Model impact index for three equally weighted representative core tasks; not a measured share of working time or a job-loss probability. floor((75+75+75)/3+0.5)=75; fermatmind-ai-impact-v1; 2026-10-18.
Ownership judgment | Real fit comes from whether you can do three things at once on the same medical record and health information task: do the profession properly (complete coding, abstraction, registration, retrieval, and statistics based on medical records, classification standards, and information system requirements, cite practices consistent with current standards and specifications, and produce usable coding, registration, index, retrieval, and statistical records), keep compliance, privacy, and boundaries under control (work and keep an audit trail in line with patient information privacy, security, informed consent, and data protection requirements; distinguish disclosable information from controlled materials or materials involving patient health information and protected health information and handle them according to policy; and do not overstep by providing clinical judgment or medical diagnosis and medication advice), and take on definable position responsibility (be accountable for the coding, abstraction, registration, system operations, statistics, and records you personally perform, and refer matters beyond authorization or involving clinical judgment, medical advice, or external disclosure to the appropriate position or institution according to policy). It is recommended to test this with one verifiable experience (completing a coding, registration, and retrieval record and a statistical report note for a fictional medical record, or a retrospective review of handling one coding dispute or privacy risk) rather than relying only on the conclusions of an interest questionnaire.
Caution signals | It must be stated faithfully (29-9021.00): this O*NET page is a "subset profile" (data collection is still in progress), and this round it does not provide work context percentages or task importance scores, so this page marks the corresponding dimensions with "Evidence insufficient:" rather than filling them in with values from adjacent occupations. The verifiable orientation signals are the interest code CIS (Conventional 83 / Investigative 70 / Social 47) and the work style influences (Attention to Detail 92, Dependability 88, Integrity 84, Cautiousness 76, Curiosity 66). This occupation deals with medical records, coding, registration, health information systems, and patient information security; a single coding or abstraction error, a single incorrect grouping (DRG) or distortion of statistical definitions, a single loss of control over a medical record version or index record, a single improper access control or handling of patient information, or a single instance of issuing conclusions or disclosing information beyond authorization can all cause distorted clinical and statistical results, damage to patient privacy, and compliance and legal risk. O*NET places this occupation in Job Zone Three (medium preparation needed, SVP 6.0 to less than 7.0); the education section of that page does not show a percentage distribution, and this page does not fill it in. The daily work of this occupation requires long hours processing medical records, coding, systems, and data and facing pressure at coding, statistical, and compliance checkpoints, and it generally requires strong attentiveness, adherence to standards, and a sense of confidentiality. If you find it hard to check and record item by item according to standards over the long term, hard to bear responsibility for patient information and data accuracy and the consequences of errors, or unwilling to take responsibility for the truthfulness of the coding basis and privacy compliance, you should treat these as real costs that need careful weighing.
Career direction comparison
Preface | The following comparison is organized in four columns: "career direction—core work and output—key differences—who it suits better." Medical records, coding, registration and statistics, documents, and information systems are often connected within the same medical institution or health information department, but connection does not mean they are interchangeable; when choosing across directions, you should relearn that direction's subject matter and standards and data and authorization and responsibility boundaries.
| Career direction | Core work and output | Key differences | Who it suits better |
|---|---|---|---|
| This occupation: Health Information Technologists and Medical Registrars (O*NET/SOC 29-9021.00, Health Information Technologists and Medical Registrars) | Core work and output: use standard classification systems to identify and compile and abstract and code patient data and assign patients to diagnosis-related groups, plan and maintain health record indexes and storage and retrieval systems and retrieve medical records for medical personnel, compile medical and census data and produce statistical reports and graphic presentations, protect the security of medical records and monitor changes in legislation and accreditation standards related to information security and privacy, assist in the design and development and modification of healthcare systems and databases and develop in-service education materials and train personnel, and manage a department or supervise clerical staff; the output is coding, registration, retrieval, statistical, and system operation records completed according to medical records, classification standards, and information system requirements (O*NET/SOC 29-9021.00). |
AI's impact on the occupation
Direct answer | Health information system design support, patient information abstraction and registration, and classification coding and statistics are tasks of this occupation. Tool-assisted data organization, statistical charts, and material drafts can be trialed, but ordinary software, automated systems, and generative AI are different tools. This page has not obtained measured or causal evidence on this occupation's AI adoption rate, hours saved, or job displacement, and the task materials alone cannot support the assertion that efficiency gains have already occurred or that the occupation as a whole will not be replaced. AI Impact Score 75% is an editorial estimate. Model impact index for three equally weighted representative core tasks; not a measured share of working time or a job-loss probability. floor((75+75+75)/3+0.5)=75; fermatmind-ai-impact-v1; 2026-10-18.The three tasks, ratings and sources are listed in the FermatMind method source record on this page.
FermatMind AI Impact Score estimation method v1
FermatMind / 费马测试 · 2026-10-18
Mainland China salary reference
Classification cross-reference note | This page is the exact occupation O*NET 29-9021.00 (Health Information Technologists and Medical Registrars), which differs from Medical Records Specialists (medical records and health information technicians, 29-2072.00), Document Management Specialists (15-1299.03), Health Informatics Specialists (15-1211.01), Clinical Data Managers (15-2051.02), Clinical Research Coordinators (11-9121.01), Computer Systems Analysts (15-1211.00), Medical and Health Services Managers (11-9111.00), and Patient Representatives (29-2099.08) in subject matter and authorization level. International occupational classifications (such as ISCO-08) can only indicate the broad location of health and information positions and cannot replace the U.S. SOC or mainland China's professional and qualification and occupational classification and statistical scope. The two have different statistical scopes and legal environments, and no numerical conversion is made.
Occupational definition | The Health Information Technologists and Medical Registrars on this page is the exact occupation O*NET 29-9021.00 (Health Information Technologists and Medical Registrars): apply knowledge of healthcare and information systems to assist in the design, development, and continued modification and analysis of computerized healthcare systems; abstract, collect, and analyze treatment and followup information of patients; may educate staff and assist in problem solving to promote the implementation of the healthcare information system; may design, develop, test, and implement databases with complete history, diagnosis, treatment, and health status to help monitor diseases. Common job titles include Medical Records Analyst and Medical Records Director. The output is coding, registration, retrieval, statistical, and system operation records completed according to medical records, classification standards, and information system requirements; the above is the U.S. scope, and mainland China's medical record and medical information management system and statistical scope are described separately on this page.
U.S. salary reference
Direct answer | The 2025 U.S. median annual wage presented by O*NET on the 29-9021.00 (Health Information Technologists and Medical Registrars) page is $68,020 and the median hourly wage is $32.70; in the distribution, the 10th percentile annual wage is $39,830 (hourly wage $19.15), the 25th percentile is $48,940 (hourly wage $23.53), the 75th percentile is $95,630 (hourly wage $45.98), and the 90th percentile is $117,420 (hourly wage $56.45) (BLS OEWS 2025, as presented by O*NET). Employment and growth: 2025 employment 42,000, projected growth 2025—2035 of 15.9% (BLS precise projection; O*NET displays 7% or higher) (much faster than average, marked Bright Outlook), with about 3,000 average annual openings during the period (including growth and replacements). It should be emphasized that the O*NET 29-9021.00 page does not mark this data as taken from a parent or higher-level occupation, and this page presents it according to this occupation's (29-9021.00) own scope without borrowing values from adjacent occupations; the differences mainly come from region and industry and position focus and scope of responsibility; the median does not represent a starting salary, and it includes incentive pay such as production bonuses while excluding overtime pay, shift differentials, non-production bonuses, and employer benefit costs.
| Wage statistical position | Annual wage reference | Conversion boundaries | How to understand this position |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lowest 10% |
Career fit guide
The assessment only raises exploration questions. This page has not obtained validation research on its fit or work performance for 29-9021.00; you can observe the learning process using approved simulated registration and data checking and statistical records, and it is not claimed to be the most reliable or more effective than a questionnaire.
You may be better suited to： Fit signals: willing to be responsible for data accuracy and patient information security within standards and compliance and institutional authorization, able to switch between reading medical records and applying standards and statistical presentation and system operations while maintaining attention to the basis and records, and able to uphold accuracy and review under statistical and inspection pressure and to report and hand over according to policy when materials are insufficient or authority is exceeded.
These situations require caution： Caution signals: finding it hard to check and record item by item according to standards over the long term, or hard to bear responsibility for patient information and data accuracy and the consequences of errors, or unwilling to take responsibility for the truthfulness of the coding basis and privacy compliance, or unwilling to report and hand over according to policy when authorization is exceeded.
Do an entry practice task：
Work pressure, risks, and occupational boundaries
Editorial risk overview | Attention can be paid to mismatches between classification and the data basis, loss of control over registration and versions, out-of-bounds access to and sharing of patient information, statistical or disclosure actions beyond authorization, and single-point capability and handover gaps. The O*NET tasks support these work objects; Attention to Detail 92, Dependability 88, Integrity 84, and Cautiousness 76 are work style influence scores, not severity of consequences or incidence rates; the subset profile has no work context percentages, so risk ratings cannot be assigned from style scores.
O*NET supports the occupational task context; the six cards are editorial scenarios and do not indicate frequency of occurrence, card-by-card legal determinations, or an occupational risk score. Personal information processing requirements should be verified separately for the specific jurisdiction, basis, and matter.
Typical scenarios：Scenario | Coding or grouping content inconsistent with the medical record basis or suspected of containing medication and diagnostic hints, with statistical and inspection checkpoints under strain, and the parties involved want to submit first and correct later.
Entry, qualifications, and career development
BLS explains that entry education varies by duty, with some positions usually requiring an associate degree and others a bachelor's degree or higher; certification may be required or preferred. O*NET is a Job Zone Three subset profile and does not provide education percentages, and they are not filled in. The editors recommend studying health information systems, clinical data abstraction and registration, classification standards, data quality, and privacy and security, and accumulating experience in approved projects and under mentoring. Specific certification and continuing education apply according to employer conditions and do not automatically grant authority for diagnosis, treatment, or clinical decisions.
Career prospects and moving to related occupations
Direct answer | U.S. scope: the wages and employment on this page follow this occupation's own scope as presented by O*NET on the 29-9021.00 (Health Information Technologists and Medical Registrars) page (that page does not mark them as taken from a parent or higher-level occupation)—2025 median annual wage $68,020 and median hourly wage $32.70; 10th percentile annual wage $39,830, 25th percentile $48,940, 75th percentile $95,630, 90th percentile $117,420 (BLS OEWS 2025, as presented by O*NET). Employment and growth: 2025 employment 42,000, projected growth for 2025—2035 of 15.9% (BLS precise projection; O*NET displays 7% or higher) (much faster than average, marked Bright Outlook), with about 3,000 average annual openings during the period (including growth and replacements). It should be noted that the openings consist mainly of replacement needs; this occupation is affected by medical institutions' medical record and coding and statistics needs and paperless and compliance requirements; this does not represent individual job outcomes, nor does it represent adjacent occupations. Mainland China section: this round did not obtain a national occupational wage distribution precisely corresponding to this occupation, so under the evidence policy this page only registers the statistical scope and the gap and does not provide proxy values.
The Health Information Technologists and Medical Registrars on this page is the exact occupation O*NET 29-9021.00 (Health Information Technologists and Medical Registrars): apply knowledge of healthcare and information systems to assist in the design, development, and continued modification and analysis of computerized healthcare systems; abstract, collect, and analyze treatment and followup information of patients; may educate staff and assist in problem solving to promote the implementation of the healthcare information system; may design, develop, test, and implement databases with complete history, diagnosis, treatment, and health status to help monitor diseases. Core tasks include using standard classification systems to identify and compile and abstract and code patient data and assign patients to diagnosis-related groups (DRG), protecting the security of medical records to ensure confidentiality, monitoring changes in legislation and accreditation standards that affect the security or privacy of information systems, planning and maintaining health record indexes and storage and retrieval systems, compiling statistical reports and graphic presentations, designing databases that support healthcare applications, and training medical records staff. Common job titles include Medical Records Analyst and Medical Records Director; on the 29-9021.00 page, O*NET shows that the main industry for this occupation in the United States is healthcare and social assistance. What is described on this page is the U.S. occupational classification scope, and wages and employment follow this occupation's (29-9021.00) own scope; this page is a subset profile and does not provide work context percentages or task importance scores, and this page does not fill them in; the content on this page does not constitute any medical, diagnostic, treatment, medication, legal, or compliance advice.
Choose a real task from this page for a small practice project or a conversation with someone in the field. Use the planning guides to set a date, an output and feedback questions before deciding whether to continue.
Fit signals | The interest code for U.S. O*NET 29-9021.00 is CIS (Conventional—Investigative—Social), with occupational interest type scores of Conventional (83), Investigative (70), and Social (47); the specific interest areas with higher scores are Information Technology (76), Clerical (74), and Health Care Services (57); the work style influence scores that rank highest are Attention to Detail (92), Dependability (88), Integrity (84), Cautiousness (76), and Curiosity (66). These orientations correspond to: a willingness to process medical records, coding, and registration item by item according to standards and specifications (Conventional), a willingness to study and verify classification standards and data and statistics (Investigative), and a willingness to communicate and collaborate with medical personnel, the coding team, and management and user departments (Social), while maintaining a high degree of caution regarding patient information security and data accuracy. If you are willing to process medical records, coding, registration, and retrieval item by item according to standards and specifications, can communicate with clinical and management departments, and are willing to take responsibility for data accuracy and patient information privacy, the daily requirements of this occupation are closer to the way you work. O*NET 29-9021.00 is a "subset profile" and does not provide work context percentages; this page does not fill them in with values from adjacent occupations.
This checklist is for self-questioning only; it does not constitute hiring criteria, competency scoring, or an evaluation of job competence, nor does it constitute any medical, diagnostic, treatment, medication, legal, or compliance advice. This page corresponds to the exact occupation U.S. O*NET/SOC 29-9021.00 "Health Information Technologists and Medical Registrars" (Health Information Technologists and Medical Registrars): apply knowledge of healthcare and information systems to assist in the design, development, and continued modification and analysis of computerized healthcare systems; abstract, collect, and analyze treatment and followup information of patients; may educate staff and assist in problem solving to promote the implementation of the healthcare information system; may design, develop, test, and implement databases with complete history, diagnosis, treatment, and health status to help monitor diseases. Official scope text: Apply knowledge of healthcare and information systems to assist in the design, development, and continued modification and analysis of computerized healthcare systems. Abstract, collect, and analyze treatment and followup information of patients. May educate staff and assist in problem solving to promote the implementation of the healthcare information system. May design, develop, test, and implement databases with complete history, diagnosis, treatment, and health status to help monitor diseases. The core tasks listed by O*NET include: using the relevant computer software to assign patients to diagnosis-related groups (DRG); compiling medical and census data to produce statistical reports on diseases treated, surgeries performed, or bed occupancy; designing databases that support healthcare applications and ensuring security, performance, and reliability; developing in-service education materials; evaluating and recommending upgrades or improvements to existing computerized healthcare systems; promoting and facilitating activities such as brown-bag lunches, workshops, or tours to foster awareness of medical information privacy or security within the organization; using standard classification systems to identify, compile, abstract, and code patient data; managing a department or supervising clerical staff and directing or controlling the activities of medical records department staff; monitoring changes in legislation and accreditation standards that affect the security or privacy of computerized healthcare systems; planning, developing, maintaining, or operating various health record indexes or storage and retrieval systems to collect, classify, store, or analyze information; compiling statistical reports, narrative reports, or graphic presentations (such as tumor registry data) for hospital staff, researchers, or other users; protecting the security of medical records to ensure confidentiality; consulting with physicians or others, or clarifying codes or diagnoses at coding team meetings, regarding conflicting, missing, or ambiguous information; retrieving patient records for physicians, technicians, or other medical personnel; training medical records staff; and writing or maintaining archived processes, procedure codes, or application queries. Common job titles include Medical Records Analyst and Medical Records Director. Scope note: the wage and employment and industry data presented by O*NET on the 29-9021.00 page are not marked as taken from a parent occupation, so this page labels them faithfully according to this occupation's own scope (29-9021.00); the page also shows a projected 2024—2034 growth of "Much faster than average (7% or higher)" (much faster than average) and marks it Bright Outlook (good prospects); it should also be noted that this page is a "subset profile" and does not yet provide work context percentages or task importance scores, so this page marks the corresponding dimensions with "Evidence insufficient:" rather than filling them in. Scope and boundaries are described in the sections below.
Exercise prompt | A completely fictional medical coding and health information system implementation task package (for practice workflow only; it does not represent any real institution, system, patient, or data). Write a draft plan: (1) how, based on a fictional medical record along with clinical coding notes and an information system requirements document, to arrange a structured medical coding and information system support task (identification of users and clinical needs and workflows, data and classification standards and sources, coding and abstraction and validation, privacy and security and access control, registration and indexes and retrieval, statistical reporting and quality monitoring, ethics and compliance and informed boundaries), and state which information is insufficient and needs to be supplemented (medical record completeness and coding basis, classification and terminology standards and mapping, system interfaces and retrieval and performance, privacy and security and minimum necessary requirements, registration and indexes and statistical definitions, quality validation and review and fallback plans); (2) how to design the completion and review points for a fictional coding, registration, and system operation log table (fields and definitions, patients and roles and permissions, codes and abstraction and versions and changes, data entry and validation, exceptions and omissions and handling, review and audit trail); (3) how to write a handover-ready task description (needs and objectives—standards and mapping—coding and validation—privacy and security—registration and retrieval—quality and open items); (4) how to record and preserve medical records and coding, registration, and system data, and distinguish disclosable information from controlled materials or materials involving patient health information and protected health information; (5) how to pause, review, and escalate when a medical record is unclear or the coding basis is insufficient or standards do not match, when a system deviates from compliance requirements, when a security or privacy risk arises, when clinical judgment or medical advice is involved, or when the task exceeds the position's authorization. Answer using public materials and simulated data; do not use any real patient data or personal health information.
Occupational profile | The Health Information Technologists and Medical Registrars on this page is the exact occupation O*NET 29-9021.00 (Health Information Technologists and Medical Registrars), which in medical institutions and in medical records, health information, health data, and medical insurance settings carries out medical records, coding, registration, statistics, and health information system operation and support work: using standard classification systems to identify, compile, abstract, and code patient data, assigning patients to diagnosis-related groups (DRG), planning and maintaining health record indexes and storage and retrieval systems, compiling statistical reports and graphic presentations, protecting the security of medical records and monitoring changes in legislation and accreditation standards related to information security and privacy, assisting in the design and development and modification of healthcare systems and databases and developing in-service education materials and training personnel, and managing a department or supervising clerical staff. Common job titles include Medical Records Analyst and Medical Records Director. On the 29-9021.00 page, O*NET shows that the main industry for this occupation in the United States is healthcare and social assistance. The interest code is CIS (Conventional—Investigative—Social), with occupational interest type scores of Conventional (83), Investigative (70), and Social (47); the highest work style influence scores are Attention to Detail (92), Dependability (88), Integrity (84), and Cautiousness (76). O*NET places this occupation in Job Zone Three (medium preparation needed, SVP 6.0 to less than 7.0); the education section of that page does not show a percentage distribution, and this page does not fill it in. This page is a "subset profile" and does not provide work context percentages or task importance scores, and this page marks the corresponding dimensions with "Evidence insufficient:". The U.S. wage and employment presented by O*NET on the 29-9021.00 page follow this occupation's own scope (29-9021.00) (2025 median annual wage $68,020, median hourly wage $32.70, 2025 employment 42,000, projected growth 15.9% for 2025—2035 (BLS precise projection; O*NET displays 7% or higher), with about 3,000 average annual openings during the period).
Direct answer | The "Health Information Technologists and Medical Registrars" on this page is the exact occupation O*NET 29-9021.00 (Health Information Technologists and Medical Registrars), and the work can be divided into several categories: first, medical records and coding — using standard classification systems to identify, compile, abstract, and code patient data; using the relevant software to assign patients to diagnosis-related groups (DRG); and consulting with physicians or others, or clarifying codes or diagnoses at coding team meetings, regarding conflicting, missing, or ambiguous information; second, registration and indexes and retrieval — planning, developing, maintaining, or operating various health record indexes or storage and retrieval systems to collect, classify, store, or analyze information; retrieving patient records for physicians, technicians, or other medical personnel; and maintaining registry data such as tumor registries; third, statistics and reporting — compiling medical and census data to produce statistical reports on diseases treated, surgeries performed, or bed occupancy, and compiling statistical reports, narrative reports, or graphic presentations for hospital staff, researchers, or other users; fourth, privacy and security and compliance — protecting the security of medical records to ensure confidentiality, monitoring changes in legislation and accreditation standards that affect the security or privacy of computerized healthcare systems, and promoting and facilitating activities to foster awareness of medical information privacy or security; fifth, systems and databases and training — applying knowledge of healthcare and information systems to assist in the design, development, and continued modification and analysis of computerized healthcare systems, designing databases that support healthcare applications and ensuring security, performance, and reliability, evaluating and recommending system upgrades or improvements, and developing in-service education materials and training medical records staff; sixth, management and collaboration — managing a department or supervising clerical staff and directing or controlling the activities of medical records department staff, and collaborating with clinical, management, and coding teams to resolve coding and data problems. Work cycle links: medical records and coding—registration and indexes and retrieval—statistics and reporting—privacy and security and compliance—systems and databases and training—management and collaboration and review. This page does not conflate this occupation with adjacent ones such as clinical data managers, clinical research coordinators, health informatics specialists, medical records specialists (medical records and health information technicians), document management specialists, medical and health services managers, patient representatives, or computer systems analysts, nor does it expand medical records and health information duties to the point of replacing clinical diagnosis, treatment, medication, or medical decisions.
Recording and collaboration note | Starting from medical records, classification standards, and information system requirements, first verify medical record completeness and the coding basis, classification and terminology standards and mapping, system interfaces and retrieval and performance, and privacy and security and minimum necessary requirements, and then carry out coding, registration, and statistics; coding and abstraction must follow standards and be reviewable; registration, index, and retrieval records must be traceable; statistical and reporting definitions must be defined in advance and documented; original records and revisions must leave an audit trail and must not be altered after the fact; patient health information or protected health information must be managed in accordance with privacy and compliance requirements and the minimum necessary principle; matters involving clinical judgment, medical advice, or external disclosure must be confirmed by a position or institution with the corresponding qualifications; and important coding, statistical, and record entries must be able to withstand review by superiors and by compliance and information security.
Boundary conclusion | This page corresponds to O*NET 29-9021.00 (Health Information Technologists and Medical Registrars), and the core difference from adjacent positions lies in "subject matter, output, and authorization level": this occupation takes the operation and support of medical records, coding, registration, statistics, and health information systems as its subject matter, and its output is coding, registration, retrieval, statistical, and system operation records completed according to medical records, classification standards, and information system requirements; Medical Records Specialists (medical records and health information technicians, 29-2072.00) take the operation and support of medical records and health information technology as their subject matter; Document Management Specialists (15-1299.03) take document and records management as their subject matter; Health Informatics Specialists (15-1211.01) take the design and implementation of health information systems as their subject matter; Clinical Data Managers (15-2051.02) take clinical research data management as their subject matter; Clinical Research Coordinators (11-9121.01) take clinical research project coordination as their subject matter; Computer Systems Analysts (15-1211.00) take general information system analysis and design as their subject matter; Medical and Health Services Managers (11-9111.00) take medical service operations management as their subject matter; and Patient Representatives (29-2099.08) take patient communication and rights assistance as their subject matter. Subject matter, output, and authorization level all differ, and the authority for clinical judgment, medical advice, system design, and disclosure cannot be carried over across positions.
Use standard classification systems to identify, compile, abstract, and code patient data, and assign patients to diagnosis-related groups (DRG).
Plan, develop, maintain, or operate health record indexes or storage and retrieval systems, retrieve medical records for medical personnel, and maintain registry data.
Compile medical and census data and produce statistical reports and narrative reports or graphic presentations, ensuring that definitions and sources are traceable.
Protect the security of medical records to ensure confidentiality, monitor changes in legislation and accreditation standards that affect the security or privacy of information systems, and promote awareness activities.
Assist in the design, development, and continued modification and analysis of healthcare systems, design databases that support applications, and develop in-service education materials and train personnel.
Manage a department or supervise clerical staff, collaborate with clinical, management, and coding teams to resolve coding and data problems, and review processes.
Pre-onboarding verification note | The following six items are for item-by-item verification before applying and onboarding, to avoid inferring actual duties and authorization from job titles or promotional language; verification results should be based on written recruitment information and the labor contract and the position description and medical record and information security and data policy documents, and should be continuously confirmed after onboarding. This page lists verification directions only and does not constitute a formal conditions checklist for any institution or position. Special note: in the United States, this occupation falls under O*NET Job Zone Three (medium preparation needed, SVP 6.0 to less than 7.0); in mainland China, positions involving medical records and medical information and health statistics often have requirements for professional and continuing education and medical record coding qualifications, so be sure to confirm the position's specific requirements for education and training and certification and continuing education and the handling of patient health information and position authorization.
| Key differences: this occupation takes the operation and support of medical records, coding, registration, statistics, and health information systems as its subject matter, and, drawing on medical record and health information knowledge, completes coding and registration and statistics and system operations within compliance and authorization and produces records and reports, being responsible for data accuracy and privacy and records; the other positions center respectively on medical records and health information technology support, document and records management, health information system design, clinical research data management, or medical service operations management, and each usually has more specialized standards and authorization and subject matter, and none bears primary responsibility for medical records and coding and registration and statistics (though they must collaborate with this occupation and clearly define boundaries). |
| Better suited to people who are willing to process medical records and coding and registration and statistics and retrieval item by item according to standards and specifications, can communicate with clinical and management departments, and are willing to take responsibility for data accuracy and patient information privacy. |
| Medical Records Specialists (29-2072.00) | Core work and output: organize medical records and perform coding and health information technology support according to medical records and medical record and health information management standards and keep records; the output is medical records and coding and health information technology support records. | Key differences: Medical Records Specialists take the operation and support of medical records and health information technology as their subject matter, and their output is medical records and coding and health information technology support records; in addition to medical records and coding, this occupation also handles registration and indexes and retrieval and statistics and health information system operation and support, and its output is registration and retrieval and statistical and system operation records; the two are highly adjacent, but this occupation places more emphasis on registration and statistics and system support (collaboration with Medical Records Specialists is needed to keep data consistent). | Better suited to people who are willing to work on medical record organization and coding and health information technology support; this occupation leans more toward the combined responsibilities of coding and registration and retrieval and statistics and system support. |
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| Document Management Specialists (15-1299.03) | Core work and output: collect and classify and archive and retrieve documents and records according to document and information governance standards and maintain versions and permissions; the output is document and records management and retrieval records. | Key differences: Document Management Specialists take the collection and classification and archiving and retrieval and information governance of documents and records as their subject matter, and their output is document and records management and retrieval records; this occupation takes medical records and coding and registration and statistics and health information systems as its subject matter, and its output is coding and registration and retrieval and statistical records, and generally does not bear primary responsibility for the institution's general document and records governance (though collaboration with Document Management Specialists is needed to keep record practices consistent). | Better suited to people who are willing to work on general document and records management and information governance; this occupation leans more toward the professional operations of medical records and coding and registration and statistics and health information systems. |
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| Health Informatics Specialists (15-1211.01) | Core work and output: translate clinical and business requirements into system solutions and design and configure and test and monitor information systems; the output is system design and configuration and monitoring records. | Key differences: Health Informatics Specialists take the translation of clinical and business requirements and the design and implementation of health information systems as their subject matter, and their output is system design and configuration and monitoring records; this occupation takes medical records and coding and registration and statistics and system operations as its subject matter, and its output is coding and registration and retrieval and statistical records, and generally does not bear primary responsibility for the design and implementation of health information systems (though collaboration with Health Informatics Specialists is needed to align system and data standards). | Better suited to people who are willing to work on translating clinical requirements and system design and implementation; this occupation leans more toward medical records and coding and registration and statistics and system operation support. |
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| Clinical Data Managers (15-2051.02) | Core work and output: collect and clean and validate research data according to clinical research data management and quality standards and support statistics and reporting; the output is clinical research data and quality records. | Key differences: Clinical Data Managers take clinical research data management and quality control as their subject matter, and their output is clinical research data and quality records; this occupation takes medical records and coding and registration and statistics as its subject matter, and its output is coding and registration and retrieval and statistical records, and generally does not bear primary responsibility for clinical research data management (though collaboration with Clinical Data Managers is needed to keep data standards consistent). | Better suited to people who are willing to work on clinical research data collection and cleaning and quality control and statistical collaboration; this occupation leans more toward medical records and coding and registration and statistics and system operations. |
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| Medical and Health Services Managers (11-9111.00) | Core work and output: develop operations and workforce and budget plans according to medical service operations and management standards and coordinate cross-departmental implementation; the output is operations and budget and workforce documents. | Key differences: Medical and Health Services Managers take medical service operations and workforce and budget management as their subject matter, and their output is operations and budget and workforce documents; this occupation takes medical records and coding and registration and statistics as its subject matter, and its output is coding and registration and retrieval and statistical records, and generally does not bear primary responsibility for department operations and workforce and budget management (though collaboration with Medical and Health Services Managers is needed to align processes and resources). | Better suited to people who are willing to work on medical service operations and workforce and budget management; this occupation leans more toward medical records and coding and registration and statistics and system operation support. |
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Conclusion | The core difference between this page (O*NET 29-9021.00 Health Information Technologists and Medical Registrars) and adjacent positions lies in "subject matter, output, and authorization level": this occupation takes the operation and support of medical records, coding, registration, statistics, and health information systems as its subject matter, and its output is coding, registration, retrieval, statistical, and system operation records completed according to medical records, classification standards, and information system requirements; Medical Records Specialists (medical records and health information technicians, 29-2072.00) take the operation and support of medical records and health information technology as their subject matter; Document Management Specialists (15-1299.03) take document and records management as their subject matter; Health Informatics Specialists (15-1211.01) take the design and implementation of health information systems as their subject matter; Clinical Data Managers (15-2051.02) take clinical research data management as their subject matter; and Medical and Health Services Managers (11-9111.00) take medical service operations management as their subject matter. Subject matter, output, and authorization level all differ, and the authority for clinical judgment, medical advice, system design, and disclosure cannot be carried over across positions.
Transition | This page places adjacent positions side by side by "subject matter, output, and authorization level" to help you judge which kind of medical record or coding or registration and statistics or health information system or document or research data or medical operations position you want to invest in long term. Whichever direction you choose, what really determines whether you can take the job is that direction's subject matter and standards and data and authorization requirements, the ability to write coding and registration and statistics or records clearly, and the willingness to take responsibility for patient information and compliance; the interest questionnaire is only used to raise questions.
Editorial ratings use the existing occupational responsibilities and AI task analysis on this page. They are not adoption rates, measured effects, job-disappearance or personal-unemployment probabilities, or official scores from Stanford or another external institution. No measured time weights or future robot deployment are assumed.
Technical feasibility: a task may be technically reachable by equipment or tools; this is only a feasibility judgment and does not mean it is permitted to be used, nor that it has already been adopted by an institution.
Institutional and regulatory adoption: whether it is introduced depends on patient information privacy and security and data protection requirements as well as institutional medical record and informatization and compliance policies; privacy and security and clinical responsibility cannot be transferred by introducing equipment.
Job outcomes: whether task changes lead to an increase or decrease in positions depends on medical institutions' medical record and coding and statistics needs and paperless and compliance requirements and institutional investment and professional supply; the projection for this occupation (29-9021.00) on this page follows its own scope with growth of 15.9% (BLS precise projection; O*NET displays 7% or higher), and individual outcomes cannot be inferred directly from it.
| Work direction | Tasks | Current changes | Human control points |
|---|---|---|---|
| Coding drafts may be assisted; determinations and clarifications are the responsibility of people | Medical records and coding | Use standard classification systems to identify and compile and abstract and code patient data and assign patients to DRG | The application of classification standards and coding determinations are the individual's professional responsibility |
| Retrieval and organization may be assisted; rule and permission judgments are the responsibility of people | Registration and indexes and retrieval | Plan and maintain health record indexes and storage and retrieval systems and retrieve medical records | Registration and retrieval rules and permissions are the individual's responsibility according to standards |
| Data aggregation may be assisted; definitions and interpretation of results are the responsibility of people | Statistics and reporting | Compile medical and census data and produce statistical reports and graphic presentations | Statistical definitions and sources and conclusions are the individual's professional responsibility |
| Monitoring and configuration organization may be assisted; privacy and security judgments are the responsibility of people | Privacy and security and compliance | Protect the security of medical records and monitor changes in legislation and accreditation standards related to information security and privacy | Privacy and security and compliance configurations are the individual's compliance responsibility |
| Design and material drafts may be assisted; content and compliance judgments are the responsibility of people | Systems and databases and training | Design databases that support applications and develop in-service education materials and train personnel | Database design and training content are the individual's responsibility within authorization |
| Ledger and process organization may be assisted; management and determinations are the responsibility of people | Management and collaboration | Manage a department or supervise clerical staff and collaborate with the coding team to resolve data problems | Management and collaboration and processes are the individual's responsibility within authorization |
| Record organization and archiving may be assisted; determinations and disclosure responsibility are the responsibility of people | Exceptions and review and handover | Review coding and registration and statistics and privacy records and report exceptions and hand over within authorization | Exception identification and reporting and handover boundaries are completed by the individual within authorization |
Evidence preface | Citation rules: cite only sources that can support the claims on this page; state the jurisdiction, period, and statistical scope and whether they are this occupation's (29-9021.00) own scope; general research centered on broad occupational groups must not be used to infer changes in individual positions in this occupation; a technology list does not mean it has been adopted; equipment and tool descriptions do not replace one's own professional judgment on the application of coding and classification standards or data and clinical-related clarifications or privacy and security, nor do they replace the institution's patient information privacy and security requirements.
Editorial comparison | The following are task-assistance candidates and items requiring review; there is no occupational-level automation probability, actual adoption, or efficiency evidence. Digital tools, generative AI, and job outcomes are verified separately.
What AI mainly changesAssistance candidates (editorial judgment) | Coding drafts and data entry and registration and statistics and reports may be tool-assisted on a trial basis
Still the responsibility of peopleApplication of classification standards and coding decisions and clinical-related clarifications
What AI mainly changesAssistance candidates (editorial judgment) | Coding quality and data quality and registration and retrieval data aggregation may be tool-assisted on a trial basis
Still the responsibility of peoplePrivacy and security judgments and compliance and release decisions
What AI mainly changesAssistance candidates (editorial judgment) | Document and statistical notes and training content drafts may be generated as drafts with tools on a trial basis
Still the responsibility of peopleContent and standards and compliance review and external disclosure and clinical responsibility
Editorial review recommendations | The actual scope of handling and responsibility are determined by the position and project authorization; the following is used to check tool inputs, conclusions, and release processes.
Verify the target patients and users, requirements, and the applicable scope of indicators and evidence; personnel capability and approval requirements are determined by the specific project.
Data and methods: coding and registration and statistical data and sources and validation must be checked and reviewed by the individual, and insufficient or biased materials must be clearly explained; model output must not be used to conceal gaps.
Conclusions and determinations: conclusions on coding and abstraction and grouping and statistical definitions must be made by the individual based on medical records and standards and compliance, and tool and system output must not be used directly as the basis for external release or compliance conclusions.
For personal information processing within China, first verify the legal basis, purpose, necessary scope, and retention period; medical and health data are sensitive personal information, so the corresponding protection requirements must also be verified. De-identification does not automatically exclude legal application. Other jurisdictions must be verified separately.
Changes and disclosure: changes to coding rules and statistical definitions and releases and external disclosure must be carried out within the scope of authorization and compliance requirements, and when insufficient materials or a non-conforming basis or security or privacy risks are found, work must pause and be reported according to policy.
May lead to inaccurate data and distorted statistics and damaged trust
Control method:Before releasing coding and statistics and conclusions, the individual must verify the medical record basis and standards and definitions and keep an audit trail
May cause coding errors and grouping and statistical distortion and compliance risk
Control method:Coding and determinations and clinical clarification must be judged according to professional standards by personnel with the corresponding qualifications
May violate privacy and data protection requirements
Control method:Limit purpose and retention period and access permissions; controlled materials must not be uploaded to external services or unauthorized environments
Record distortion affects data quality and compliance traceability and the definition of responsibility
Control method:Records must reflect the true coding and registration and implementation process; generating unverified content is prohibited
When statistical or privacy or compliance disputes arise, responsibility cannot be defined
Control method:Before adopting tools, first clarify the applicability and determination and approval path and responsible persons, and keep an audit trail
Use tools in reversible supporting steps: data entry and organization and coding drafts and registration ledgers and report drafts; the application of classification standards and coding decisions and privacy and security judgments are subject to mentoring and authorization.
Use digital tools for coding and classification and statistics and retrieval and medical record entry and reports and registration; coding decisions and data definitions and compliance judgments remain the individual's professional responsibility.
Use tools to work on coding quality and data quality and statistical definitions and trends and knowledge bases and training materials; complex and controlled matters (clinical-related clarifications, handling of patient health information, statistical release and compliance conclusions) are confirmed by the individual together with compliance and information security positions.
Use tools for coding and registration and statistics and quality and compliance and security statistics and reports and document and knowledge management; major conclusions and external disclosure and release must be manually approved and documented.
There is not enough occupational-level evidence to guarantee that the occupation as a whole will not be replaced. Task assistance may change the way work is done, but occupational tasks and overall projections cannot prove employment changes caused by AI.
Source:O*NET tasks; editorial judgmentOriginal materials ↗
O*NET job postings mention Office12%, Excel8%; these cannot prove that programming is never a barrier. System or database responsibilities may require query, configuration, or development skills, to be verified against the actual position.
Source:O*NET software skill job posting mentions; editorial recommendationOriginal materials ↗
Data organization, statistical charts, and material and report drafts can be assessed; this is an editorial recommendation, and there is no task automation probability or effect ranking.
Source:O*NET tasks; editorial recommendationOriginal materials ↗
BLS 2025—2035 about 42,000→48,600 people, growth 15.9%, about 3,000 average annual openings including replacement needs; this is not equal to net additions, individual hiring, or positions in China.
Source:BLS 2025—2035 projectionOriginal materials ↗
Requirements, medical record basis and classification standards, and project methods and material fit must be reviewed according to actual responsibility; tools do not automatically obtain the authority for disclosure or clinical decisions. NIST is a general governance framework, not a medical or health information standard.
Source:NIST AI RMF; editorial recommendationOriginal materials ↗
Editorial recommendation to accumulate experience in registration and statistics, data and system records, and patient and user communication and project evaluation; there is no occupational study on these skills' resistance to replacement.
Source:O*NET tasks; editorial recommendationOriginal materials ↗
Verify technical capability, institutional adoption, project effects, and employment outcomes separately. U.S. BLS growth of 15.9% does not represent prospects in China or a causal AI effect.
Source:BLS 2025—2035 projectionOriginal materials ↗
Editorial recommendation | First trial data organization and drafts in an approved environment, and verify the source data and medical record basis and classification standards and target patients and users. Projects, materials, and disclosure are reviewed according to the actual position's authorization; capability, adoption, effects, and employment outcomes are verified separately.
Average annual wage 146,266 yuan/year; an average for all employed persons in the industry, not this occupation's wage.
Average annual wage 75,631 yuan/year; an average for all employed persons in the industry, not this occupation's wage.
Evidence insufficient: this round did not obtain a national occupational wage distribution for mainland China precisely corresponding to U.S. O*NET 29-9021.00 (Health Information Technologists and Medical Registrars); the National Bureau of Statistics publishes average wages by industry category without distinguishing occupations, and this page does not fill in with industry averages, job posting offers, or U.S. data.
Mainland China section | In mainland China, there are positions in the fields of medical record management, medical information, health statistics, hospital information, health records, and medical registration that are similar to Health Information Technologists and Medical Registrars (such as medical record administrators, medical record coders, medical information and health statistics personnel, hospital information department data and registration positions, and health records and medical data governance personnel); their work, qualifications, standards, and records are governed by the Basic Medical and Health Promotion Law of the People's Republic of China, the Cybersecurity Law of the People's Republic of China, the Data Security Law of the People's Republic of China, and the Personal Information Protection Law of the People's Republic of China, as well as regulations on medical record management, electronic medical records, and network and data security in medical institutions: the construction and operation of medical records and medical information systems must follow standards and specifications; matters involving diagnosis, treatment, and medication must be carried out by institutions and personnel with the corresponding qualifications; and patient health information and personal health information must be protected in accordance with the law and handled under the minimum necessary principle. However, this round did not obtain a national occupational wage distribution precisely corresponding to U.S. O*NET 29-9021.00 (Health Information Technologists and Medical Registrars): the National Bureau of Statistics publishes average wages of urban unit employees by industry category, which is an industry scope that does not distinguish occupations and does not list this occupation separately. Under the evidence policy, this page only registers the statistical scope and the visible gaps (marked "Evidence insufficient:"), shows the absence without using proxy numbers, and does not infer starting salaries, medians, or personal income from industry averages, job posting offers, U.S. wages, or overseas data.
| Education background | Common position directions | Notes and verification advice |
|---|---|---|
| A degree and training related to medical records or medical information or health information or health data | Most positions | The O*NET Job Zone Three subset profile does not provide education percentages. U.S. BLS notes that some duties usually require an associate degree and others require a bachelor's degree or higher; this is the U.S. preparation background, not a uniform education requirement in China. |
| Coding and classification and statistics and information system skills | All positions | Positions usually require the ability to read medical records and apply classification standards and coding and statistics and information systems and records; the O*NET hot technologies page lists 22 software skills (Microsoft Office software 12%, Microsoft Excel 8%, Epic Systems 4%, Microsoft Outlook 4%, Microsoft Word 2%, Microsoft PowerPoint 2%, etc.). |
| Certifications and continuing education related to medical records and coding or health information | Some institutions and positions | The O*NET certification directory lists several medical record and health information certifications (such as the American Health Information Management Association's Registered Health Information Administrator and Registered Health Information Technician and Certified Coding Specialist and Certified Health Data Analyst, the National Cancer Registrars Association's Certified Tumor Registrar, and the Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society's Certified Professional in Healthcare Information and Management Systems, etc.); the specific requirements of the institution and the competent authority prevail. |
| Patient information privacy and security and data protection requirements | Positions involving patient health information | Coding and registration and statistics and system operations involving patient health information or protected health information must be carried out in accordance with privacy and minimum necessary and access control and auditing and data protection requirements; the specific requirements of the institution and the competent authority and information security prevail. |
Matching rationale | Medical and health institutions and health promotion and community service programs can be grouped under this industry; government departments and schools must be verified separately according to the actual employer's industry and cannot all be subsumed under health and social work; a broad-scope reference is the 2025 average annual wage of 146,266/75,631 yuan for urban non-private/private units in health and social work. The statistics cover various occupations and job levels in that industry and cannot be used to fill in this occupation's median, starting salary, or personal income. This round did not obtain a precise national wage distribution for this occupation, so the gap is retained.
Medical record and coding and medical information positions are mostly concentrated in medical and health institutions and in the health information and health data field; the National Bureau of Statistics publishes average wages of urban unit employees by industry category, which is an industry scope that does not distinguish occupations, and this page does not fill in this occupation's wage with that industry average.
Hospital informatization and health information technology positions can be grouped under information technology services-related categories; that scope is an industry average and is not equal to this occupation's wage, and this page does not fill it in.
Medical security and health administration and insurance-related positions can be grouped under public administration and finance-related categories; that scope is an industry average and is not equal to this occupation's wage, and this page does not fill it in.
AI and wages | Data organization and material drafts are assistance candidates proposed by the editors; no AI adoption rate, measured efficiency gains, or wage causal evidence for this occupation has been obtained, so no moderate/limited exposure rating is given, and income is not inferred from a tool list.
| 10th percentile annual wage $39,830 / hourly wage $19.15 (2025, BLS OEWS, this occupation's (29-9021.00) own scope) |
| Official annual wage, not individual monthly income |
| A national wage distribution position; do not use it to infer individual seniority, starting salary, certificates, or duties. |
| Median (50%) | Median annual wage $68,020 / median hourly wage $32.70 (2025, BLS OEWS, this occupation's (29-9021.00) own scope) | Official annual wage, not an individual's actual take-home pay | A national wage distribution position; do not use it to infer individual seniority, starting salary, certificates, or duties. |
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| Highest 10% | 90th percentile annual wage $117,420 / hourly wage $56.45 (2025, BLS OEWS, this occupation's (29-9021.00) own scope) | Official annual wage, not an individual's actual take-home pay | A national wage distribution position; do not use it to infer individual seniority, starting salary, certificates, or duties. |
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Wage · 10th percentile：10th percentile annual wage $39,830 / hourly wage $19.15 (2025, BLS OEWS, this occupation's (29-9021.00) own scope)；Scope | U.S. SOC 29-9021, wage levels for May 2025, projections over 2025—2035； boundaries | percentiles are not equivalent to seniority or starting salary, and openings are not equal to net additions.
Wage · 25th percentile：25th percentile annual wage $48,940 / hourly wage $23.53 (2025, BLS OEWS, this occupation's (29-9021.00) own scope)；Scope | U.S. SOC 29-9021, wage levels for May 2025, projections over 2025—2035； boundaries | percentiles are not equivalent to seniority or starting salary, and openings are not equal to net additions.
Wage · median：Median annual wage $68,020 / median hourly wage $32.70 (2025, BLS OEWS, this occupation's (29-9021.00) own scope)；Scope | U.S. SOC 29-9021, wage levels for May 2025, projections over 2025—2035； boundaries | percentiles are not equivalent to seniority or starting salary, and openings are not equal to net additions.
Wage · 75th percentile：75th percentile annual wage $95,630 / hourly wage $45.98 (2025, BLS OEWS, this occupation's (29-9021.00) own scope)；Scope | U.S. SOC 29-9021, wage levels for May 2025, projections over 2025—2035； boundaries | percentiles are not equivalent to seniority or starting salary, and openings are not equal to net additions.
Wage · 90th percentile：90th percentile annual wage $117,420 / hourly wage $56.45 (2025, BLS OEWS, this occupation's (29-9021.00) own scope)；Scope | U.S. SOC 29-9021, wage levels for May 2025, projections over 2025—2035； boundaries | percentiles are not equivalent to seniority or starting salary, and openings are not equal to net additions.
Distribution interpretation: the median is the midpoint of the distribution, not the starting point; for this occupation (29-9021.00), the annual wage range from the 10th percentile to the 90th percentile spans roughly from $39,830 to $117,420, and the differences mainly come from region and industry and qualifications and scope of responsibility; this round did not obtain percentile wages by industry or by region, so it is registered as a visible gap.
Hourly wage × 2,080 is a statistical conversion for a full-year, full-time workload and does not guarantee an individual's annual salary. OEWS includes incentive pay such as production bonuses and excludes overtime pay, shift differentials, non-production bonuses, and benefit costs.
Wages are the OEWS figures for May 2025 as presented on the O*NET national wages page; employment, growth, and openings are the BLS 2025—2035 projection, and the two sets of statistics differ in purpose and coverage.
Usage advice: read the three sets of numbers—median, percentiles, and employment—together with the background that they follow this occupation's (29-9021.00) own scope and do not represent adjacent occupations, and that the projected growth for 2025—2035 is 15.9% (BLS precise projection; O*NET displays 7% or higher) with a Bright Outlook marker and with openings consisting mainly of replacement needs; also verify them against local medical institutions' medical record and coding and statistics needs and paperless and compliance requirements, and you can query the official O*NET wage page by region and period, rather than inferring personal pay from a single number.
| Industry | Median wage for this occupation within the industry | How to understand |
|---|---|---|
| Management of companies and enterprises | $81,010/year | BLS OOH May 2025 median annual wage for SOC 29-9021 in this industry, not the all-industry average; does not represent income in China. |
| Administrative and support services | $75,560/year | BLS OOH May 2025 median annual wage for SOC 29-9021 in this industry, not the all-industry average; does not represent income in China. |
| Professional, scientific, and technical services | $68,890/year | BLS OOH May 2025 median annual wage for SOC 29-9021 in this industry, not the all-industry average; does not represent income in China. |
| Hospitals (state, local, and private) | $67,480/year | BLS OOH May 2025 median annual wage for SOC 29-9021 in this industry, not the all-industry average; does not represent income in China. |
Medical and health institutions in different cities and regions differ markedly in medical record and coding needs and cost of living, and the institution type (hospitals and health information and insurance) and position focus affect income and stability.
Specific certifications and duties should be verified according to employer requirements; no research was obtained on the income increase that certifications bring to this occupation.
Tools may change tasks; this is an editorial hypothesis pending verification, and there is no data on adoption rates, actual effects, or wage changes for this occupation.
Scope | U.S. SOC 29-9021, wage levels for May 2025, projections over 2025—2035； boundaries | percentiles are not equivalent to seniority or starting salary, and openings are not equal to net additions.
Scope | U.S. SOC 29-9021, wage levels for May 2025, projections over 2025—2035； boundaries | percentiles are not equivalent to seniority or starting salary, and openings are not equal to net additions.
Scope | U.S. SOC 29-9021, wage levels for May 2025, projections over 2025—2035； boundaries | percentiles are not equivalent to seniority or starting salary, and openings are not equal to net additions.
Which Holland interest type is closer to Health Information Technologists and Medical Registrars?
Holland (RIASEC) | Used to understand your relative position in preferences for Conventional, Investigative, and Social. This occupation's O*NET interest code is CIS (Conventional—Investigative—Social), with occupational interest type scores of Conventional (83), Investigative (70), and Social (47), and the specific interest areas with higher scores are Information Technology (76), Clerical (74), and Health Care Services (57); these correspond to a willingness to process medical records and coding and registration item by item according to standards and specifications (Conventional), a willingness to study and verify classification standards and data and statistics (Investigative), and a willingness to communicate and collaborate with medical personnel and the coding team and management departments (Social). The questionnaire is only used to raise questions, not to judge suitability or employability.
Do not use it this way:If you find it hard to check and record item by item according to standards over the long term, hard to bear responsibility for patient information and data accuracy and the consequences of errors, or unwilling to take responsibility for the truthfulness of the coding basis and privacy compliance, a high score on the interest questionnaire cannot change this real cost; this occupation also requires confirming the institution's requirements for education and training and certification and continuing education and the handling of patient health information and position authorization.
Test my Holland occupational interestsWhich Big Five traits are more relevant to this job?
Big Five | Can raise self-observation questions, and actual observation can check whether you can verify the medical record basis and classification standards, explain data gaps, listen to patients' and users' opinions, and accept review; fit is not predicted from trait levels.
Do not use it this way:Do not use a personality assessment saying I am not suited as a reason to give up or not enter the field; the reference should be internships or job shadowing or simulated coding and registration and statistics tasks and mentoring evaluations and assessment results.
View my Big Five personality traitsCan the MBTI be used to judge whether I am suited to Health Information Technologists and Medical Registrars?
MBTI | Typology is used for self-reflection on communication and work preferences; this occupation requires working with the coding team and medical personnel and management departments (work style influences "Collaboration (64)" and "Social Orientation (35)"), and preferences do not determine competence.
Do not use it this way:Treat the type merely as a reference for communication style; do not use it to infer whether you or others can do coding and registration and statistics work well.
Learn about my MBTI preferencesCan the Enneagram tell whether I am suited to this occupation?
Enneagram | For self-exploration only, observing how you verify and escalate when materials are incomplete or a project is under pressure; no comparison of the predictive validity of types and behavior.
Do not use it this way:Do not use type labels to explain coding or statistical errors or privacy disputes; return instead to whether the medical record basis and classification standards and data and definitions are in place.
Explore my Enneagram patternCan someone who is not good at math work as a Health Information Technologist and Medical Registrar?
Intelligence and reasoning | Can be used for learning observations such as understanding the medical record basis and classification standards, identifying data bias, and designing indicators; there is no occupational-level validity evidence for the assessment, and the importance of scores versus professional skills is not compared.
Do not use it this way:A high or low score cannot tell whether you can learn coding and registration and statistics and retrieval; this should be tested through internships or job shadowing or simulated coding and registration tasks and mentoring evaluations.
Learn about my intelligence and reasoning performanceDoes being a Health Information Technologist and Medical Registrar require high emotional intelligence?
Emotional intelligence | Can be used to observe patient and user communication, understanding confirmation, and explaining uncertainty under pressure; project effects or communication quality are not inferred from EQ scores.
Do not use it this way:Emotional abilities can be improved through actual work and mentoring and deliberate practice, so there is no need to limit yourself based on assessment scores.
Learn about my emotional intelligence abilitiesBetter match:Can independently complete coding and registration and retrieval and statistics and records within standards and compliance and authorization
Note:Editorial reminder | If it is hard to check and record item by item according to standards over the long term, or hard to bear responsibility for patient information and data accuracy and the consequences of errors, the target position's tasks and actual experience need to be verified.
View related occupations:This occupation (Health Information Technologists and Medical Registrars) directionBetter match:Has medical record organization and coding and health information management standards and information technology support capabilities
Note:Editorial reminder | If you prefer registration and indexes and retrieval and statistics and system support rather than medical record organization and coding support alone, you can compare the differences with this occupation.
View related occupations:Medical Records Specialist directionBetter match:Has document and records management and information governance and retrieval capabilities
Note:Editorial reminder | If you prefer medical records and coding and medical data rather than the institution's general document governance, the target position's tasks and actual experience need to be verified.
View related occupations:Document Management Specialist directionBetter match:Has requirements translation and system design and data and information standards capabilities
Note:Editorial reminder | If you prefer medical records and coding and registration and statistics rather than health information system design and implementation, the target position's tasks and actual experience need to be verified.
View related occupations:Health Informatics Specialist directionBetter match:Has clinical research data management and quality control and statistical collaboration capabilities
Note:Editorial reminder | If you prefer medical records and coding and registration and statistics rather than clinical research data management, the target position's tasks and actual experience need to be verified.
View related occupations:Clinical Data Manager directionBetter match:Has medical service operations and workforce and budget management capabilities
Note:Editorial reminder | If you prefer medical records and coding and registration and statistics rather than service operations management, the target position's tasks and actual experience need to be verified.
View related occupations:Medical and Health Services Manager directionWhat kind of personality is better suited to being a Health Information Technologist and Medical Registrar? This occupation values attentiveness and adherence to standards, a sense of responsibility for patient information and confidentiality, communication and collaboration skills, and stability under statistical and inspection pressure, rather than any particular personality type; the O*NET interest code is CIS (Conventional—Investigative—Social), and among the work style influences Attention to Detail (92), Dependability (88), and Integrity (84) rank highest, which can serve as a starting point for exploration.
Are introverts suited to this occupation? Yes. This occupation involves a great deal of desk work on coding and data and registration and statistics, and it also requires communicating with the coding team and medical personnel and management departments (work style influence "Collaboration (64)").
Introversion and extraversion are not a validated fit threshold here; you can observe how the person explains health information, listens to patients' and users' needs, and confirms understanding. No occupational-level comparative validity research was obtained.
Which MBTI type is most suitable for this occupation? No type has been proven most suitable. The MBTI is not an occupational qualification or ability assessment tool, and occupational fit depends mainly on skills and compliance adherence and attentiveness.
Which Holland interest type is more suitable for this occupation? The O*NET interest code is CIS: Conventional (executing according to standards and specifications and records), Investigative (medical records and data and statistical research), and Social (communicating and collaborating with medical personnel and the coding team); it can be used to explore task preferences, not to predict performance.
This page does not provide validation research on how personality or interests affect work performance in this occupation, and no individual performance conclusions are drawn from questionnaires.
Can someone who is not good at math do this occupation? Basic data and statistics and classification and logical interpretation abilities are needed; a quantitative foundation can be filled in through training and tool support, but a complete inability to adapt to data and coding would be clearly limiting.
Does this occupation require high emotional intelligence? It requires emotional stability and patience and collaboration skills, but no specific assessment scores; statistical and inspection and security incident pressure requires self-regulation and communicating and reporting according to procedure.
Can the Enneagram be used to judge whether I am suited? No. The Enneagram is a self-exploration tool and does not constitute a conclusion about occupational ability or fit; judging fit should look at whether you can complete coding and registration and retrieval and statistics work under standards and compliance and authorization requirements.
The editors recommend using approved de-identified materials to verify patients and users, evidence, indicators, and methods; this is an exploration recommendation and does not prove greater predictive accuracy than a questionnaire. Access to real projects and data is carried out according to authorization.
Main positions：The individual and compliance and clinical positions; patients and clinical users and the institution
Possible consequences：Coding or abstraction or grouping errors or distorted statistical definitions or providing clinical and diagnostic and medication judgments beyond boundaries; may cause data and statistical distortion and damage to clinical processes and loss of trust
Reduce risk：The application of coding and classification standards must be carried out on the basis of medical records and current standards and reviewed; matters involving clinical judgment and medical advice must be handed over to positions with the corresponding qualifications; upon finding a non-conforming basis or out-of-bounds statements, stop immediately and review and report
Basis：O*NET 29-9021.00 detailed information (tasks and work styles) · O*NET 29-9021.00 occupational profile and official scope
Typical scenarios：Scenario | Involving special populations or sensitive patient health information, with access authorization and minimum necessary still incomplete, and under schedule pressure being asked to export and share first and complete the formalities later.
Main positions：The individual and information security and compliance positions; patient and institutional information and privacy boundaries
Possible consequences：Improper handling of minimum necessary or access control or patient health information or protected health information, insufficient de-identification, or out-of-bounds sharing; may cause patient information leaks and compliance and legal risk
Reduce risk：Within China, first verify the lawful basis for processing and clarify the purpose and necessary scope; medical and health information is subject to sensitive information rules, and consent, notification, and protection requirements must be verified for the specific matter. De-identification does not automatically exempt liability; other jurisdictions must be verified separately.
Basis：O*NET 29-9021.00 detailed information (tasks and work styles) · Personal Information Protection Law (processing within China)
Typical scenarios：Scenario | Statistical definitions or data sources are missing or inconsistent, the checkpoint is approaching, and the user department asks for a conclusion based on the existing data first and supplementary testing and revision later.
Main positions：The individual and medical record and statistical positions; data quality and compliance consistency
Possible consequences：Loss of control over data entry or registration or indexes or retrieval or versions, or record distortion, or improper handling and review of omissions and exceptions; may cause data quality and traceability and misjudgment of statistical performance and compliance risk
Reduce risk：Coding and registration and retrieval and statistical methods must be defined in advance and documented; versions and changes and omissions must be recorded truthfully, and exceptions must be handled and reported according to policy; coding and registration and statistical records must be truthful, complete, and traceable
Basis：O*NET 29-9021.00 detailed information (tasks and work styles) · O*NET 29-9021.00 occupational profile and official scope
Typical scenarios：Scenario | The checkpoint is under strain and personnel are asked to release statistics or disclose patient data on their own without obtaining authorization for the matter and with an incomplete material basis.
Main positions：The individual and compliance and information security and clinical staff; conclusion and release and disclosure boundaries
Possible consequences：Making clinical judgments or medical advice or statistical release and external disclosure beyond authorization, or conclusions beyond what the evidence and standards support; may give rise to legal and compliance and privacy and trust disputes
Reduce risk：Statistical release and major disclosure must be approved according to procedure and documented; conclusions must be consistent with medical records and standards, and matters beyond authorization must be handed over to the corresponding position or institution; when facing out-of-authorization or conclusive demands, first explain the boundaries and hand over according to process
Basis：O*NET 29-9021.00 detailed information (tasks and work styles) · O*NET 29-9021.00 occupational profile and official scope
Typical scenarios：Scenario | The only backbone staff member familiar with a certain type of coding and statistics and systems is on leave, and critical coding and statistics are required to be taken over temporarily by untrained personnel.
Main positions：The individual and the team and certification positions; data continuity and compliance consistency
Possible consequences：Critical certification or coding or data or system capabilities rest on a single point, and leave or peak statistical periods or certification expiry cause coding and statistics interruptions or inconsistent definitions; may cause data delays and compliance risk and quality risk
Reduce risk：Establish backup and handover and update rules for certification and coding capabilities and ledgers and standards and documents, so that critical coding and statistical experience is reproducible and documented; when staffing or capability or certification is insufficient, report according to policy and adjust priorities
Basis：O*NET 29-9021.00 detailed information (tasks and work styles) · O*NET 29-9021.00 occupational profile and official scope
Typical scenarios：Scenario | The terminology, classification version, and language in use at the institution have already changed, and old records can no longer be accurately understood and retrieved, yet the process still carries over the old coding directly and ignores feedback.
Main positions：The individual and clinical users and patients; data accuracy and accessibility
Possible consequences：Insufficient classification standards or terminology and language and cultural adaptation, or insufficient medical record readability and retrieval, or insufficient training, or data presenting certain groups unfairly; may cause data distortion and statistical bias and harm to rights and interests
Reduce risk：Editorial recommendation to verify the classification version, terminology, data readability, and retrieval rules, and to apply the corresponding protections to actual handling and disclosure matters; do not treat every registration operation as research requiring ethics review.
Basis：O*NET 29-9021.00 detailed information (tasks and work styles) · O*NET 29-9021.00 occupational profile and official scope
Education, training, certification, institutional position appointment, and specific release/data access authorization are different states. The O*NET certification directory is not a mandatory certification list for all positions, and health information certification does not automatically grant clinical authority.
| Career direction | Starter tasks | Evidence you can prepare | Work you can show even without experience | Difference from this occupation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Medical Records Specialists | Assistance with medical record organization and coding and health information technology support | Training records in medical records and health information and organization internship records | A fictional medical record organization and coding key-points table | Its subject matter is medical records and coding support, whereas this occupation additionally includes registration and retrieval and statistics and system support |
| Document Management Specialists | Assistance with document and records collection and classification and archiving | Training records in document and information governance and archiving internship records | A fictional document classification and retrieval key-points table | Its subject matter is general document governance, whereas this occupation's subject matter is medical records and medical data |
| Health Informatics Specialists | Assistance with clinical requirements documentation and system and data organization | Training records in health information or information systems and project internship records | A fictional system requirements and data mapping key-points table | Its output is system design and implementation, whereas this occupation's output is coding and registration and statistics |
| Clinical Data Managers | Assistance with clinical research data collection and cleaning | Training records in clinical research or statistics and data internship records | A fictional clinical data management and quality control key-points table | Its subject matter is clinical research data, whereas this occupation's subject matter is medical records and registration and statistics |
| Medical and Health Services Managers | Assistance with medical service operations and reporting | Training records in medical management and operations internship records | A fictional operations and budget and workforce key-points table | Its output is service operations management, whereas this occupation's output is coding and registration and statistics |
A degree and certification and continuing education do not automatically grant the right to sign or release independently; whether a specific position requires certification must be verified separately, and the scope of signing is defined by institutional authorization.
Education and training only affect the entry starting point; whether one can skillfully carry out coding and registration and retrieval and statistics depends mainly on professional training and mentoring and the accumulation of medical record cases and assessment results.
Matters involving clinical judgment and medical advice and statistical release and external disclosure and the handling and disclosure of patient health information must be carried out by positions or institutions with the corresponding qualifications.
The retention, provision, and disclosure of controlled materials or materials involving patient health information or protected health information must be managed according to privacy and minimum necessary requirements; controlled materials must not be sent to unauthorized environments.
A fictional classification and terminology standards and coding rules description.
A blank coding and abstraction and validation record template.
A blank registration and index and retrieval record template.
A blank privacy and security and access control and review key-points template.
An available coding and statistics and spreadsheet tool environment (for coding and statistics and data reconciliation).
Complete one round of coding and registration and statistical reconciliation, and write at least two situations that could lead to data distortion or traceability failure or privacy risk, with the corresponding measures.
Write out which situations require stopping and reviewing or reporting or handing over (unclear medical records or insufficient coding basis or non-conforming standards, systems deviating from compliance requirements, security or privacy risks, involvement of clinical advice or out-of-authorization determinations).
State the basis and definitions clearly for the medical record and coding basis and classification standards and statistical definitions and reviewers, and retain original records and versions.
Note whether each step was completed independently or under someone else's guidance.
Note which steps involve privacy and patient health information or clinical-related statements and must be completed by you or the corresponding position according to authorization and policy.
Record the review comments, time, and basis to support later retrospective review.
Do not just show that you finished the entry; show the process and audit trail from medical record to standards to coding to registration to statistics and records and archiving.
The summary must not contain real patient data or protected health information or identifiable personal information; use codes and synthetic data when necessary.
State the information sources and assumptions and distinguish measured facts from judgment inferences and items pending verification.
| Stage | Points that may be verified | Observable evidence | Boundary note |
|---|---|---|---|
| Resume and initial screening | Training related to medical records or medical information or health information, and coding or registration or statistics experience and certifications | Training and project experience records and medical record and coding-related certification and continuing education records | Self-assessment cannot replace training and certification and continuing education and institutional verification |
| Interview |
Record the patient information privacy and security and data protection requirements you have observed.
Write down the one real cost you find hardest to adapt to and judge whether you can accept it.
List the key requirements according to standards (medical record and coding basis, classification standards, statistical definitions, privacy and security).
Write verification and reporting plans for two typical risks (unclear medical records or insufficient basis, security or privacy risk).
| Qualification or preparation item | Who it applies to | Its role for this occupation | Whether it is generally required | Conditions for obtaining it | Approximate investment | Limitation note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A degree and training related to medical records or medical information or health information or health data | Most positions | Meets the entry-level knowledge starting point for medical records and coding and registration and statistics and compliance | Most positions require a related degree or on-the-job training |
Typical duties：Under mentoring, take on medical record organization and data entry and coding drafts and verification assistance; do not independently issue coding determinations or grouping or conclusions.
Promotion evidence：Coding and verification and auxiliary records and mentoring evaluations; able to restate the key points of privacy and security.
Qualification boundaries：Training records related to medical records or health information; basic training in classification standards and privacy.
Next steps：Familiar with the key points of medical record reading and classification standards and coding rules and record standards.
Typical duties：Independently complete medical record reading and coding and abstraction and grouping and review and recording and review according to standards.
Promotion evidence：Coding and grouping and quality review records and review comments.
Qualification boundaries：Position-specific authorization and practice records; specialized certifications or qualifications are verified only when required by the actual position.
Next steps：Accumulate experience under different disease types and institutional conditions, and practice methods for applying classifications and coding determinations and quality review.
Typical duties：Take on complex coding and quality auditing and application of standards and compliance and security and mentoring and specialized reviews.
Promotion evidence：Specialized coding and quality and mentoring records
Qualification boundaries：Position-specific authorization and practice records; specialized certifications or qualifications are verified only when required by the actual position.
Next steps：Learn complex coding and quality auditing and standards and compliance and security methods.
Typical duties：Coordinate medical record and coding plans and quality and compliance and security and training and countersigning, handle complex and disputed matters, and guide newcomers.
Promotion evidence：Coordinating conclusions; medical record and coding and quality and compliance documents
Qualification boundaries：Corresponding management appointment or institutional authorization
Next steps：Improve the management mechanisms for medical records and coding and quality and compliance and security and training.
Typical duties：Under mentoring, take on registration and indexes and retrieval and data collection and organization and reporting assistance; do not independently determine statistical definitions or issue conclusions or disclosures.
Promotion evidence：Registration and retrieval and statistics and auxiliary records and review comments.
Qualification boundaries：Training records related to health information or statistics; data and privacy training.
Next steps：Familiar with the key points of registration and indexes and retrieval and statistical definitions and privacy standards.
Typical duties：Independently complete registration and indexes and retrieval and statistical definitions and data collection and analysis feasibility and reporting and recording, with labeling and audit trails according to standards.
Promotion evidence：Statistics and registration and traceability records and review comments
Qualification boundaries：Position-specific authorization and practice records; specialized certifications or qualifications are verified only when required by the actual position.
Next steps：Accumulate experience under different ledgers and data conditions, and practice methods for applying definitions and data quality and traceability.
Typical duties：Under mentoring, take on systems and data and permissions and security configuration and documentation and training assistance; do not independently reply or commit or release.
Promotion evidence：System and permissions and auxiliary records and review comments
Qualification boundaries：Training records related to health information or information security; data and security training.
Next steps：Familiar with the key points of systems and data and permissions and security and release and archiving standards.
Typical duties：Independently complete systems and data support and permissions and security configuration and monitoring and training and recording, with labeling and audit trails according to standards.
Promotion evidence：System and permissions and security and monitoring records and review comments
Qualification boundaries：Institutional position authorization; practical experience with systems and information security
Next steps：Accumulate experience under different systems and compliance conditions, and practice permissions and security and monitoring and reporting methods.
Under mentoring, take on medical record organization and data entry and registration and reporting and retrieval assistance; do not independently issue coding determinations or statistics or conclusions.
Can independently complete coding and registration and retrieval and statistics and records within standards and compliance and institutional authorization, and report and review according to policy when materials are insufficient or the basis does not conform or authorization is exceeded.
Can take on complex coding and statistics and data quality and compliance and security and mentoring and specialized reviews.
Can take on plans and schedules and compliance and security implementation and evaluation and release and countersigning and multi-party coordination.
United States · SOC 29-9021.00 (OEWS 2025, as presented by O*NET)
Median annual wage $68,020 / median hourly wage $32.70; 10th percentile $39,830, 25th percentile $48,940, 75th percentile $95,630, 90th percentile $117,420 (USD/year)
Wages (median and percentiles, this occupation's (29-9021.00) own scope)
The median is the midpoint of the distribution, not the starting salary; differences come from region and industry and institution type and qualifications and scope of responsibility; this page did not obtain percentile wages by industry or by region and registers them as a visible gap; the figures follow this occupation's (29-9021.00) own scope and do not represent adjacent occupations.
Cannot indicate：OEWS includes incentive pay such as production bonuses and excludes overtime pay, shift differentials, non-production bonuses, and employer benefit costs; this page presents them according to this occupation's scope as shown on that O*NET page, which does not mark them as taken from a parent occupation; the figures come from 2025 data, and later updates should be based on a query for the current period.
United States · SOC 29-9021.00 (BLS employment projections, as presented by O*NET)
About 42,000 people in 2025 → 48,600 people in 2035, growth 15.9%; about 3,000 average annual openings.
Employment size and growth and job openings (this occupation's (29-9021.00) own scope)
This scope is a projection and is affected by medical institutions' medical record and coding and statistics needs and paperless and compliance requirements and institutional investment; the openings consist mainly of replacement needs; the figures follow this occupation's (29-9021.00) own scope and are not equal to individual job outcomes.
Cannot indicate：The U.S. projection includes self-employment (7.2% for this occupation in the base period), which differs from OEWS wage-and-salary employment. Average annual openings include growth and replacement; they are not net additions or real-time hiring and do not represent outcomes in China or for individuals.
Mainland China · National Bureau of Statistics average wages of urban unit employees (industry category scope) and bounded search
Evidence insufficient: this round did not obtain a national occupational wage distribution for mainland China precisely corresponding to U.S. O*NET 29-9021.00 (Health Information Technologists and Medical Registrars); the National Bureau of Statistics publishes average wages by industry category without distinguishing occupations, and this page shows the absence without using proxy numbers.
Occupational wages and employment (statistical scope and gaps)
Mainland China has similar positions in the fields of medical record management and medical information and health statistics and health records and medical registration, and their work and standards are defined by the basic medical and health promotion and cybersecurity and data security and personal information protection systems, but public statistics do not list a national wage distribution for this occupation separately, and industry averages, job posting offers, or U.S. data cannot be used for cross-jurisdiction extrapolation of starting salaries, medians, or personal income.
Cannot indicate：The legal environment and management systems and statistical scopes differ, and no combination or conversion is made; the China section of this page only registers the statistical scope and the visible gaps.
These are capability adjacency relationships and do not mean automatic promotion or that no further learning is needed.
Transferable：Data and standards and compliance experience
To be added：Needs to add clinical research data management and quality and statistical collaboration capabilities; the target position's qualifications and authority must be verified separately and cannot be obtained automatically from adjacent tasks.
View occupation detailsTransferable：Clinical and compliance and communication experience
To be added：Needs to add clinical research project coordination and subject management and compliance documentation capabilities; the target position's qualifications and authority must be verified separately and cannot be obtained automatically from adjacent tasks.
View occupation detailsTransferable：Requirements analysis and system design experience
To be added：Needs to add general business requirements analysis and system design and data solutions capabilities; the target position's qualifications and authority must be verified separately and cannot be obtained automatically from adjacent tasks.
View occupation detailsTransferable：Records management and standards and retrieval experience
To be added：Needs to add document and records management and information governance and retrieval capabilities; the target position's qualifications and authority must be verified separately and cannot be obtained automatically from adjacent tasks.
View occupation detailsTransferable：Medical record and data and compliance experience
To be added：Needs to add requirements translation and system design and information security and privacy judgment capabilities; the target position's qualifications and authority must be verified separately and cannot be obtained automatically from adjacent tasks.
View occupation detailsTransferable：Experience in the medical field and collaboration and compliance
To be added：Needs to add medical service operations and workforce and budget management capabilities; the target position's qualifications and authority must be verified separately and cannot be obtained automatically from adjacent tasks.
View occupation detailsTransferable：Medical record and coding and data experience
To be added：Needs to add medical record organization and health information technology support and coding capabilities; the target position's qualifications and authority must be verified separately and cannot be obtained automatically from adjacent tasks.
View occupation detailsTransferable：Clinical setting and communication and ethics experience
To be added：Needs to add patient communication and rights assistance and ethics and referral capabilities; the target position's qualifications and authority must be verified separately and cannot be obtained automatically from adjacent tasks.
View occupation detailsThe core differences lie in subject matter, output, and authorization level: this occupation takes the operation and support of medical records, coding, registration, statistics, and health information systems as its subject matter, and its output is coding, registration, retrieval, statistical, and system operation records completed according to medical records, classification standards, and information system requirements; Medical Records Specialists (medical records and health information technicians, 29-2072.00) take the operation and support of medical records and health information technology as their subject matter; Document Management Specialists (15-1299.03) take document and records management as their subject matter; Health Informatics Specialists (15-1211.01) take the design and implementation of health information systems as their subject matter; Clinical Data Managers (15-2051.02) take clinical research data management as their subject matter; Clinical Research Coordinators (11-9121.01) take clinical research project coordination as their subject matter; Computer Systems Analysts (15-1211.00) take general information system analysis and design as their subject matter; Medical and Health Services Managers (11-9111.00) take medical service operations management as their subject matter; and Patient Representatives (29-2099.08) take patient communication and rights assistance as their subject matter. Subject matter and work and authorization level all differ, and the authority for clinical judgment and medical advice and system design and disclosure cannot be carried over across positions.
The scope must be stated first: O*NET does not mark this data on the 29-9021.00 page as taken from a parent or higher-level occupation, and this page presents it faithfully according to this occupation's (29-9021.00) own scope. For this occupation in 2025, the median annual wage is $68,020 and the median hourly wage is $32.70; the 10th percentile annual wage is $39,830, the 25th percentile $48,940, the 75th percentile $95,630, and the 90th percentile $117,420 (BLS OEWS 2025, as presented by O*NET). Employment and growth: 2024 employment 41,900, projected growth for 2024—2034 of 7% or higher (much faster than average, marked Bright Outlook), with about 3,200 average annual openings during the period (including growth and replacements). The above excludes benefits and bonuses, does not apply to other jurisdictions, and does not represent adjacent occupations; the openings consist mainly of replacement needs, and demand is affected by medical institutions' medical record and coding and statistics needs and paperless and compliance requirements.
There is no national occupational wage distribution precisely corresponding to this U.S. occupation. Mainland China has similar positions in the fields of medical record management and medical information and health statistics and hospital information and health records and medical registration, and their work and qualifications and standards and records are governed by the Basic Medical and Health Promotion Law of the People's Republic of China, the Cybersecurity Law of the People's Republic of China, the Data Security Law of the People's Republic of China, and the Personal Information Protection Law of the People's Republic of China, as well as regulations on medical record management, electronic medical records, and network and data security in medical institutions (the construction and operation of medical records and medical information systems must follow standards and specifications; matters involving diagnosis, treatment, and medication must be carried out by institutions and personnel with the corresponding qualifications; and patient health information and personal health information must be protected in accordance with the law and handled under the minimum necessary principle), but public occupational statistics do not list this occupation separately: the National Bureau of Statistics publishes average wages of urban unit employees by industry category, which is an industry scope that does not distinguish occupations. Under the evidence policy of this page, the China section only registers the statistical scope and the visible "Evidence insufficient:" marker and does not use industry averages, job posting offers, or U.S. data for cross-jurisdiction extrapolation of starting salaries, medians, or personal income. The content on this page does not constitute medical or legal advice.
It must be stated faithfully: the O*NET 29-9021.00 page is a "subset profile" (data collection is still in progress) and did not provide work context percentages this round; this page does not fill them in with values from adjacent occupations, and the corresponding dimensions are marked with "Evidence insufficient:". The verifiable orientation signals are the interest code CIS (Conventional 83 / Investigative 70 / Social 47), the specific interest areas (Information Technology 76, Clerical 74, Health Care Services 57), and the work style influences (Attention to Detail 92, Dependability 88, Integrity 84, Cautiousness 76). The work is mainly medical records and coding and registration and statistics and systems and data, often concentrated around coding and statistical and inspection checkpoints, and it generally requires strong attentiveness and adherence to standards and a sense of confidentiality.
In this occupation, coding drafts and data entry and registration and statistics and reporting and document and medical record retrieval steps can already be assisted by computer-assisted coding and data and document and generation tools, with moderate automation exposure; the direct impact of generative AI itself is concentrated in coding drafts and data organization and documents. The O*NET hot technologies page lists 22 software skills (Microsoft Office software 12%, Microsoft Excel 8%, Epic Systems 4%, Microsoft Outlook 4%, Microsoft Word 2%, Microsoft PowerPoint 2%, etc.). The application of classification standards and coding determinations, clinical-related clarification, privacy and security judgments, and compliance judgments and responsibility remain with personnel who have the corresponding qualifications and authorization; O*NET shows a projected growth of 7% or higher for this occupation in 2024—2034 with a Bright Outlook marker, but projections are not equal to individual job outcomes.
U.S. O*NET places 29-9021.00 (Health Information Technologists and Medical Registrars) in Job Zone Three (medium preparation needed, SVP 6.0 to less than 7.0); the education section of that page does not show a percentage distribution (the page is a subset profile), and this page does not fill it in. In mainland China, the construction and operation of medical records and medical information systems must follow standards and specifications, and matters involving diagnosis, treatment, and medication must be carried out by institutions and personnel with the corresponding qualifications. This description does not replace the competent authority's and institution's requirements for education and training and certification and continuing education and qualifications.
Education, proof of training, medical record and coding or health information-related certification and continuing education, health and occupational health examinations, institutional and position authorization, and statistical release and external disclosure authority must be distinguished. The O*NET certification directory lists several certifications related to this occupation, such as the American Health Information Management Association's Registered Health Information Administrator and Registered Health Information Technician and Certified Coding Specialist and Certified Health Data Analyst and Certified Documentation Improvement Practitioner, the National Cancer Registrars Association's Certified Tumor Registrar, the Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society's Certified Professional in Healthcare Information and Management Systems, and the Society for Clinical Data Management's Certified Clinical Data Manager, etc.; in mainland China, matters involving diagnosis, treatment, and medication must be carried out by institutions and personnel with the corresponding qualifications, and matters involving medical records and medical information processing must comply with the corresponding standards and information security requirements.
Common failures include: coding or abstraction or grouping errors or distorted statistical definitions or providing clinical and diagnostic and medication judgments beyond boundaries; improper handling of minimum necessary or access control or patient health information or protected health information, insufficient de-identification, or out-of-bounds sharing; loss of control over data entry or registration or indexes or retrieval or versions or record distortion, or improper handling and review of omissions and exceptions; making clinical judgments or medical advice or statistical release and external disclosure beyond authorization; critical certification or coding or data or system capability resting on a single point; and insufficient classification standards or terminology and language and cultural adaptation, or insufficient medical record readability and training. The control points are to verify and review and document according to medical records and classification standards and compliance and information security requirements, and to pause and report immediately when materials are insufficient or the basis does not conform or there is a security or privacy risk or a matter exceeds authorization. The content on this page does not constitute medical, diagnostic, treatment, medication, or legal advice.
The scope must be stated first: the employment and growth on this page follow this occupation's (29-9021.00) own scope as presented by O*NET on the 29-9021.00 page (2024 employment 41,900, projected growth of 7% or higher for 2024—2034 with a Bright Outlook marker, and about 3,200 average annual openings during the period including replacements), and do not represent adjacent occupations or individual employment opportunities; the openings consist mainly of replacement needs, and demand is affected by medical institutions' medical record and coding and statistics needs and paperless and compliance requirements. One can move to adjacent directions such as Clinical Data Managers, Clinical Research Coordinators, Computer Systems Analysts, Document Management Specialists, Health Informatics Specialists, Medical and Health Services Managers, Medical Records Specialists, and Patient Representatives (requiring relearning and filling in that direction's subject matter and standards and qualifications and experience). Related positions and standards and statistical scope in mainland China are described separately on this page.
Source card | Research process: first verify the official scope and tasks and interest code and certification directory and training opportunities of U.S. O*NET/SOC 29-9021.00 (Health Information Technologists and Medical Registrars), then take the figures from BLS OEWS 2025 and the BLS employment projections 2025—2035 (O*NET does not mark the 29-9021.00 page as taken from a parent occupation, and this page labels them according to this occupation's own scope) as well as that page's industry distribution (healthcare and social assistance) and hot technologies (22 software skills) as industry and digital tool prompts; compliance and security requirements use the Basic Medical and Health Promotion Law and the Cybersecurity Law and the Data Security Law and the Personal Information Protection Law as references; for mainland China, the absence is shown according to the statistical scope and evidence policy without using proxy numbers. It should also be stated that this page is a "subset profile" and does not provide work context percentages or task importance scores, and this page marks them with "Evidence insufficient:" rather than filling them in. The content on this page does not constitute medical, diagnostic, treatment, medication, legal, or compliance advice.
Reviewed on 2026-10-11: O*NET29-9021.00 subset tasks, CIS, Job Zone Three, and work styles; May 2025 national quintiles, BLS OOH four-industry wages, and the 2025—2035 projection; supplemented with NBS2025 industry background. Education percentages and work context were not fabricated; old shared metadata is retained, which does not mean the whole page is synchronized.
Source card | Source register: the source register for this page lists O*NET 29-9021.00's detailed information and industry distribution and occupational profile and detailed tasks and detailed work activities and interests and work styles and detailed software skills and certification directory and detailed interests; adjacent occupation entries such as Clinical Data Managers and Clinical Research Coordinators and Computer Systems Analysts; BLS Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS 2025) and employment projections (2025—2035) with methodology notes and the 2018 SOC direct match titles file; the O*NET database; the National Bureau of Statistics' average wages of urban unit employees and the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security's enterprise compensation survey information; the National Health Commission and the State Administration for Market Regulation and the Cybersecurity Law of the People's Republic of China and the Personal Information Protection Law of the People's Republic of China; the NIST Artificial Intelligence Risk Management Framework; the International Labour Organization research on generative AI and employment exposure; and the FermatMind scope rules; each fact's source_refs point to ids within that register.
Usage limitations：Occupational-level description; does not cover mainland China's medical record and medical information standards; this page is a subset profile and does not provide task importance scores.
The O*NET subset profile has no education percentages or task importance or work context percentages, so the actual gaps are retained. The U.S. national quintiles and the occupational medians for the four industry categories have been verified; regional and individual starting salaries were not obtained. Precise occupational wages for China, AI adoption/effects/causality, and occupational validation of the assessments were not obtained; the 146266/75631 yuan for health and social work are only 2025 industry annual average background. Shared old facts and protected modules are retained.
Big Five (Chinese) · MBTI (Chinese) · Intelligence and Reasoning Assessment (Chinese) · Emotional Intelligence Assessment (Chinese)
Ethics and privacy note | Organize work according to patient information privacy and security and data protection requirements: medical records and coding and registration and statistical materials must be consistent with current standards and specifications and must state their sources and limitations, and must not replace clinical diagnosis, treatment and medication, or medical advice; data involving patients and users must follow the principles of minimum necessary, purpose limitation, and de-identification; patient health information or protected health information must be accessed, stored, and shared in accordance with institutional and legal requirements; access control, auditing, and backup must be carried out in accordance with information security requirements; coding and registration and system changes and releases must undergo the necessary review and verification; and upon finding that a medical record is unclear or the coding basis is insufficient or standards do not match, that a system deviates from compliance requirements, that a security or privacy risk arises, or that clinical advice is involved or authorization is exceeded, work must pause immediately and be reported and reviewed according to policy. The content on this page does not constitute any medical, diagnostic, treatment, medication, legal, or compliance advice.
| Dimension | Main direction | Comparison direction |
|---|---|---|
| Core purpose | Core purpose of this occupation | Taking medical records, classification standards, information systems, and data as its subject matter, complete the work within standards, compliance, and authorization: medical records and coding, registration and indexes and retrieval, statistics and reporting, privacy and security and compliance, systems and databases and training, and management and collaboration and review, so that medical records and coding are accurate, registration and statistics and retrieval are traceable, patient information privacy and security are controlled, and responsibility boundaries can be explained. | Core concept of adjacent positions | Positions in the same group and adjacent positions mostly aim to "process medical records, data, documents, systems, research, or services to the prescribed state within standards, compliance, and authorization boundaries and leave an audit trail," and they differ in subject matter, output, and authorization level: some take medical records and coding and registration and statistics as their subject matter, while others take medical records and health information technology support, document management, health information system design, clinical research data, research coordination, general systems analysis, medical operations, or patient assistance as theirs. |
| Main subject matter and basis | Main subject matter and basis of this occupation | The subject matter is medical record completeness and coding basis, classification and terminology standards and mapping, registration and indexes and retrieval, statistical definitions and sources, privacy and security and access control, and systems and databases and training, based on medical record and health information management standards, medical information privacy and security and data protection standards, and institutional medical record and data policies. | Main subject matter and basis of adjacent positions | Medical Records Specialists rely on medical records and medical record and health information management standards; Document Management Specialists rely on document and records management and information governance standards; Health Informatics Specialists rely on health information system and data standards and information security standards; Clinical Data Managers rely on clinical research data management and quality standards; Clinical Research Coordinators rely on clinical research standards and regulations; Computer Systems Analysts rely on general information system analysis and software engineering methods; Medical and Health Services Managers rely on medical service operations and management standards; and Patient Representatives rely on patient service and rights assistance standards. |
| Core processes | Core processes of this occupation | Medical records and coding, registration and indexes and retrieval, statistics and reporting, privacy and security and compliance, systems and databases and training, and management and collaboration and review; every step must leave an audit trail in accordance with medical record and information security and data policies and must be reviewable by superiors and by compliance and clinical staff. | Core processes of adjacent positions | Medical Records Specialists focus on medical record organization and coding and health information technology support; Document Management Specialists focus on the collection, classification, archiving, and retrieval of documents and records; Health Informatics Specialists focus on translating requirements and designing and implementing systems; Clinical Data Managers focus on clinical research data collection, cleaning, and quality control; Clinical Research Coordinators focus on research project coordination and subject management and compliance; Computer Systems Analysts focus on general business requirements analysis and system design; Medical and Health Services Managers focus on service operations and workforce and budget management; and Patient Representatives focus on patient communication and rights assistance. |
| Main outputs | Main outputs of this occupation | Coding, abstraction, and grouping records of patient data completed according to medical records and classification standards; health record index and storage and retrieval and registration records; statistical reports and narrative reports and graphic presentations; privacy and security and confidentiality and awareness activity records; database and system support and upgrade recommendations and in-service training records; department management and process and review records; and traceable compliance and data protection and validation records. | Main outputs of adjacent positions | Medical Records Specialists produce medical records and coding and health information technology support records; Document Management Specialists produce document and records management and retrieval records; Health Informatics Specialists produce system design and configuration and monitoring records; Clinical Data Managers produce clinical research data and quality records; Clinical Research Coordinators produce research project coordination and compliance records; Computer Systems Analysts produce business requirements and system design documents; Medical and Health Services Managers produce operations and budget and workforce documents; and Patient Representatives produce patient communication and assistance records. |
| Responsibility holder | This occupation is responsible for the coding, abstraction, registration, index, retrieval, statistical, and system operation records that the individual performs and signs, and for the work and conclusions completed according to medical records, classification standards, and information security and data policies; matters involving clinical judgment and diagnosis and treatment and medication, medical advice, system design and external disclosure, and the handling and disclosure of patient health information are decided according to policy by a position or institution with the corresponding qualifications, and this occupation does not replace those decisions. | Responsibility holder for adjacent positions | Responsibility for positions in the same group and adjacent positions is usually defined by the employing institution together with professional and compliance and regulatory standards, and the objects of responsibility are mostly clinical and business users and patient information and data accuracy and institutional compliance. |
| Authority and approval | Authority and approval for this occupation | Routine coding, registration, retrieval, statistics, system operations, and training must be carried out within standards and the scope of institutional authorization; matters involving clinical judgment, medical advice, external disclosure, and the handling and disclosure of patient health information must be carried out according to qualifications and approval; changes to coding rules and statistical definitions and system releases must obtain approval from the corresponding position or institution according to policy, or be referred onward, and must not be judged or released beyond authority. | Authority and approval for adjacent positions | The authority of positions in the same group and adjacent positions comes from institutional authorization together with professional and compliance and regulatory standards, and generally does not include the authority to decide on their own conclusions and signatures and releases that exceed their own authorization or scope; matters involving clinical decisions and major disclosures and design decisions should be referred to the corresponding position or institution. |
| Boundaries of conclusions | Boundaries of conclusions for this occupation | Coding, registration, and statistical conclusions state only verifiable medical records and coding basis and classification standards and data and statistical definition records, and distinguish measured facts from judgment inferences and items pending verification; unauthorized judgments and commitments must not be made on matters beyond one's own authorization (clinical judgment, medical advice, system design and external disclosure, handling and disclosure of patient health information); when a medical record is unclear or the coding basis is insufficient or standards do not match, when a system deviates from compliance requirements, when there is a security or privacy risk, or when records and the actual situation are inconsistent, work must pause and be escalated or referred onward, and conclusions must also be able to withstand review by superiors and by compliance and information security and clinical and regulatory inspection. | Boundaries of conclusions for adjacent positions | Conclusions of positions in the same group and adjacent positions are mostly limited to the level of their own project and their own duties, and generally do not constitute a determination of clinical outcomes or medical diagnosis or legal liability or the accuracy of data results; the application of conclusions that cross specialties or involve clinical matters and major disclosures has its own scope limits. |
Notes on verification points | Positions with similar titles differ greatly in duties and authorization: some focus on medical records and coding and grouping, some on registration and indexes and retrieval and statistics, some on medical records and health information technology support, some on medical data governance and quality, and some on medical insurance and compliance auditing; different institutions and jurisdictions also differ in the authorization for clinical advice, data and privacy, coding rules, and external disclosure.
Notes on verification points | This occupation frequently communicates and collaborates with clinical and business users and coding and statistical and management departments, and usually requires training and continuing education related to medical records or medical information or health information or health data.
Notes on verification points | U.S. O*NET places 29-9021.00 (Health Information Technologists and Medical Registrars) in Job Zone Three (medium preparation needed), with an SVP range of 6.0 to less than 7.0; the education section of that page does not show a percentage distribution, and this page does not fill it in; the interest code is CIS (Conventional—Investigative—Social). This description does not replace the employer's and the competent authority's requirements for education and training and certification and continuing education and qualifications, and does not constitute any hiring condition.
Notes on verification points | This occupation focuses on medical records and coding and registration and statistics and system operations, and the work tends to concentrate around coding and statistical and compliance and inspection checkpoints, which may lead to concentrated overtime; compensation usually consists of base salary plus coding and certification allowances and bonuses, and working hours and projects and allowances and performance criteria must be confirmed in writing. O*NET 29-9021.00 is a subset profile and does not provide work context percentages; this page does not fill them in with values from adjacent occupations.
Notes on verification points | The interface relationships with compliance and information security and clinical and statistical functions determine the boundaries of medical records and data and responsibility and disclosure, and must be clarified in advance.
Notes on verification points | The traceability and audit trail requirements for medical records and coding and registration and index and retrieval and statistical records determine compliance and the definition of responsibility, and the specifications for templates and time limits and modification and archiving and permissions and retention periods must be clarified in advance (materials involving patient health information or protected health information must also be managed according to privacy and minimum necessary requirements).
This page is a "subset profile" and does not provide work context percentages or task importance scores; this page does not cite unverified scores, and the corresponding dimensions are marked with "Evidence insufficient:".
Interest and work style data are used only for self-questioning and do not constitute hiring or performance conclusions.
Coding determinations and the application of classification standards and privacy and security judgments depend on professional knowledge and medical record experience, while digital tools are used for coding assistance and data and reporting and registration management.
Statistical release and disclosure authority is governed by institutional and compliance and information security requirements; tools and systems do not create authorization.
For risks, state the identification signals and handling steps and reporting recipients clearly.
Finally write a reflection paragraph: what consequences result if certain steps are compressed or omitted, and which conclusions cannot be drawn with the available information.
The work only demonstrates that you can organize medical record and coding and registration and statistics and record work in this occupation's way of working, and does not constitute proof of authorization or competence.
Explain who reviewed the coding and statistics and conclusions before submission and release, and which standards check was performed.
If values and conclusions are illustrative, they must be labeled, with a statement that personnel with the corresponding authorization must give final confirmation.
| Judgment shown in on-site Q&A about insufficient materials and a non-conforming basis and exceeding authorization |
| Scenario answers cannot replace certification and authorization and the accumulation of medical record cases |
| Written or practical test | Reading medical records and applying standards and coding and writing record statements | Coding and registration and statistics and retrieval results | Practical work does not equal the ability to independently issue statistical conclusions or compliance advice |
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| Onboarding and probation | Complying with medical record and information security and data and project management policies | Coding and registration and omissions and security and disclosure and training records | Duties and authorization are governed by institutional and position arrangements and assessments |
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Against the checklist, find at least two deviations and record how they were corrected.
Record the other party's objections and your responses, without avoiding counterexamples.
List the capabilities and experience to be filled in if you continue (such as medical record reading and classification and coding and statistics and information security skills, medical record and coding or health information-related certification and continuing education, and experience with specific institutions or coding systems), plus the next steps.
| Months to years |
| A degree does not equal certification or authorization or the authority to release statistics or issue conclusions |
| Training in coding and classification and statistics and information system skills | All positions | Meets the daily requirements of coding and registration and retrieval and statistics and records | Editorial learning recommendation; specific training and assessment should be verified against the actual position's/institution's requirements | Train in courses and projects and mentoring and pass the assessment | Weeks to months | Skills do not automatically confer certification or release and disclosure authority |
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| Certifications and continuing education related to medical records and coding or health information | Some institutions and positions | Some certifications allow employers to verify specialized knowledge and are not equal to a general practice license or release authorization | According to position and institutional requirements | The O*NET certification directory lists the American Health Information Management Association (Registered Health Information Administrator / Registered Health Information Technician / Certified Coding Specialist / Certified Health Data Analyst), the National Cancer Registrars Association (Certified Tumor Registrar), and the Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society (Certified Professional in Healthcare Information and Management Systems), etc.; the institution's requirements prevail | According to institutional and certification requirements | Do not infer from this page that a particular certificate exists or is necessarily valid for a given position |
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| Patient information privacy and security and data protection training | Positions involving patient health information | A prerequisite for obtaining authorization to handle patient health information and carry out medical record work | Editorial learning recommendation; specific training and assessment should be verified against the actual position's/institution's requirements | Complete privacy and data and information security training and obtain authorization or pass compliance review | Days to weeks | Subject to institutional and competent authority and compliance requirements |
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| Training in classification and terminology standards and statistics and quality | For working in coding and statistics positions | Methodological capability that supports coding and statistical definitions and data quality | Editorial learning recommendation; specific training and assessment should be verified against the actual position's/institution's requirements | Complete standards and methods training and practice and review them in coding and statistics work | Weeks to months | Methodological capability does not replace professional judgment and information security review |
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| Training in clinical communication and medical record reading and accessibility | For positions serving clinical users and patients | Improves medical record reading and clinical-related clarification and data usability | Editorial learning recommendation; specific training and assessment should be verified against the actual position's/institution's requirements | Complete medical record reading and communication and accessibility training and apply it at work | Days to weeks | Subject to institutional and compliance and clinical requirements |
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Qualification boundary three | Education, skills, privacy and security training, certification and continuing education, coding and statistics and tool status, hiring, authorization, statistical release and disclosure, and traceability responsibility must each be verified separately; the preparation items listed on this page are directions for searching and verification and do not constitute a formal qualification list for any institution; if they are inconsistent with the competent authority's or institution's requirements, the latter prevails.
Qualification boundary four | This page does not provide any commitment regarding individual ability or compensation, nor does it constitute any medical, diagnostic, treatment, medication, legal, or compliance advice.
Typical duties：Take on statistical system auditing and definitions and data quality and reporting and archiving management and mentoring and implementation of corrections.
Promotion evidence：Audit and statistics and data quality and mentoring and training records
Qualification boundaries：Corresponding position authorization; audit and mentoring records.
Next steps：Learn statistical systems and data quality and definitions and reporting and non-conformity correction methods.
Typical duties：Coordinate statistics and registration and definitions and reporting and countersigning, handle complex and disputed matters, and guide newcomers.
Promotion evidence：Coordinating conclusions; statistics and registration and reporting documents
Qualification boundaries：Corresponding management appointment or institutional authorization
Next steps：Improve the management mechanisms for statistics and registration and definitions and reporting and traceability.
Typical duties：Take on security and compliance auditing and permissions and data quality and training and archiving management and mentoring and implementation of corrections.
Promotion evidence：Audit and security and compliance and correction records
Qualification boundaries：Corresponding position authorization; audit and mentoring records.
Next steps：Learn security and compliance and permissions and data quality and auditing methods.
Typical duties：Coordinate systems and security and compliance and countersigning, handle complex and disputed matters, and guide newcomers.
Promotion evidence：Coordinating conclusions; system and security and compliance documents
Qualification boundaries：Corresponding management appointment or institutional authorization
Next steps：Improve the management mechanisms for systems and security and compliance.
Usage limitations：Occupational-level description; does not constitute medical or diagnostic or treatment or medication or legal or compliance advice.
Usage limitations：This occupation's scope as presented by O*NET on the 29-9021.00 page; projected growth of 7% or higher with a Bright Outlook marker.
Usage limitations：O*NET does not mark the wage data on that page as taken from a parent occupation; this page presents them according to this occupation's own scope, excluding benefits and bonuses.
Usage limitations：Industry category scope, not distinguishing occupations; not listed separately for this occupation.
Usage limitations：This is a broad job-category aggregation scope, and no statistical value precisely corresponding to this occupation has been established.
Usage limitations：Subject to the original text of the law and the interpretation of the competent department.
Usage limitations：Subject to the standards and requirements issued by the competent authority.
Usage limitations：Subject to the original text of the law and the interpretation of the competent department.
Usage limitations：Subject to the policies and requirements issued by the competent authority.
Usage limitations：Subject to the standards and requirements issued by the competent authority.
Usage limitations：Task exposure is not equal to automatic job disappearance or a specific adoption rate.
Usage limitations：Occupational-level description, not used for individual prediction; this page is a subset profile and does not provide work context percentages.
Usage limitations：Not a medical or medical record or health information or information security standard.
Usage limitations：Subject to the original methodology documentation.
Usage limitations：This page lists 22 software skills, most with low percentages or not given; a technology mention does not equate to capability or degree of automation.
Usage limitations：Internal scope rules, not an external factual source.
Usage limitations：This page lists several certificates related to medical records and coding and health information; certificates do not replace the institution's and competent authority's requirements for professional and continuing education.
Usage limitations：The training search entry point does not replace the competent authority's and institution's professional and continuing education and compliance requirements.
Usage limitations：Adjacent occupation scope, not equal to this occupation.
Usage limitations：Adjacent occupation scope, not equal to this occupation.
Usage limitations：Database and classification information does not constitute a basis for authorization.
Usage limitations：Used for mapping titles to SOC; does not constitute a basis for qualifications.
Usage limitations：This scope is the U.S. distribution and does not establish a mainland China mapping.
Usage limitations：Occupational-level description; not equal to institutional professional or privacy or compliance conclusions; this page is a subset profile and does not provide work context percentages or task importance scores.
Usage limitations：Average wages of all employed persons in the industry, not this occupation's median, starting salary, or personal income; non-private and private units are listed separately.
Usage limitations：Editorial ratings use the existing occupational responsibilities and AI task analysis on this page. They are not adoption rates, measured effects, job-disappearance or personal-unemployment probabilities, or official scores from Stanford or another external institution. No measured time weights or future robot deployment are assumed.
