Helpers--Production Workers

Workplace and environment | Mainly factories, production lines and storage areas; commonly work around production lines, equipment and storage areas (O*NET work context and tasks; same coverage below). Protection and exposure | Common hazardous equipment exposure (56% daily), common contaminant exposure (74% daily), common machinery and production noise, and vibration from machines and handheld tools. Physical demands and posture | Prolonged standing (51% continually or almost continually, 13% more than half the time); commonly work around production lines, equipment and storage areas; moderate physical proximity (47% at arm's length, 15% slightly close). Communication and collaboration | Close collaboration with operators and production-line coworkers (47% in constant contact with others); frequent face-to-face discussions (83% daily). Accuracy and responsibility | High accuracy requirements (66% extremely important); serious consequences of error (21% extremely serious, 28% very serious); substantial responsibility for others' health and safety (39% very high responsibility, 31% high responsibility). Progress and pace | Constrained by production plans, pace and orders; production pace creates time pressure (80% daily); pace is determined by production lines and operators. Equipment and materials | Machines, conveyors, hoisting and handling equipment, materials and finished products. Scheduling and site | Mostly regular schedules (67% regular, 33% irregular); mainly teamwork; schedules are mostly regular and vary with production and contract periods (67% regular, 33% irregular). Automation | Moderately low automation (38% moderately automated, 35% not at all automated).

Records and collaboration | Starting with production work orders, drawings or process cards and materials lists, first check product and work order identifiers; materials, parts and specifications; feeding, unloading and handling; machine operation observation; marking and counting; inspection and sorting; energy isolation and protection; and post-work cleaning, organization and records. Then assist according to operators' instructions and production pace and hand over by shift. Energy isolation, lockout/tagout, hoisting, machinery, chemicals and confined spaces must follow qualification requirements and procedures, with traceable production and inspection records retained.

BLS wage coverage presented by O*NET | This page covers O*NET/SOC 51-9198.00, Helpers--Production Workers. O*NET's 51-9198.00 page presents 2025 U.S. median wages of USD 18.78 per hour / USD 39,070 per year (2025, BLS OEWS, data for this occupation itself, 51-9198.00). The 10th percentile is USD 14.97 per hour and USD 31,140 per year; the 25th is USD 16.93 per hour and USD 35,220 per year; the 75th is USD 22.11 per hour and USD 45,990 per year; and the 90th is USD 25.68 per hour and USD 53,410 per year. All come from BLS Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS 2025, as presented by O*NET). The page does not mark them as coming from a broader or neighboring occupation, so they are presented as data for this occupation itself (51-9198.00). They include production bonuses and other specified wage components and exclude overtime pay, shift differentials, nonproduction bonuses and employer benefit costs; the median is not an entry-level starting wage. Sources checked this round did not provide a precise Chinese national wage distribution for this occupation. This page records the gap under the evidence policy rather than substituting figures. National percentiles are not fixed seniority bands, equity-inclusive total compensation or certification wage returns. See the U.S. pay module and source gaps for treatment of extended percentiles.

Check work order and materials → Confirm energy isolation and protection → Feed, handle and prepare materials → Observe machine operation and assist operation → Mark, count and inspect → Clean, organize, record and hand over

Sources checked this round did not provide a precise Chinese national occupational wage distribution for production helpers. NBS industry annual averages cover multiple occupations in employing units and include tax; they do not substitute for this occupation's median, monthly pay or take-home pay. The U.S. occupational code is not a statutory one-to-one mapping in China.

Safety and compliance | Organize work according to work safety, energy isolation, lockout/tagout, hoisting, handling, machinery, dust, chemical, occupational health and recordkeeping requirements. Feeding, handling, inspection, counting and cleaning must follow procedures and current standards, with sources and limitations identified; they must not replace equipment safety inspections, special equipment inspections or safety permit requirements. Energy isolation, lockout/tagout, hoisting, handling and confined-space work require prescribed permits and personal protection. Collecting, using or externally providing enterprise, customer and equipment manufacturer technical information requires a lawful basis, must be limited to what is necessary, and must follow approval and recordkeeping procedures.

U.S. employment in the exact occupation 51-9198.00 is 167,400 in 2025. The overall 2025—2035 projection is Decline (-1% or lower), with 20,900 average annual openings including growth and replacements. These are not net additions, current vacancies or evidence of AI causation; the replacement share has not been checked.

Receive work order and check materials → Confirm energy isolation and protection → Feed, unload and handle materials → Observe machine operation and assist operation → Inspect, count and identify → Clean, pack, record and hand over

General production assistance tasks follow actual training and job duties. Check training and specialized work conditions under Articles 28 / 30 of the Work Safety Law, relevant personnel qualifications under Article 14 of the Special Equipment Safety Law, and enterprise authorization separately. Do not broadly describe ordinary feeding and handling as requiring a uniform certificate.

Records and collaboration | Follow enterprise production, quality and safety management procedures to record work orders; materials, specifications and quantities used; feeding, unloading and handling; machine operation observation; marking and counting; inspection and sorting; cleaning, organization, abnormalities, rework, outstanding items, shift handovers, original records and revision trails. Verify products and batches with operators, crews, quality inspectors and safety personnel; promptly isolate and report abnormalities.

Boundary conclusion | This page covers O*NET 51-9198.00, Helpers--Production Workers. Its central distinction from neighboring roles is work objects, outputs and authorization levels. It deals with equipment, production lines, materials, finished goods and on-site assistance, producing assistance completed according to work orders and procedures—materials, feeding, handling, inspection, counting and cleaning—and traceable production and inspection records. Workers use materials, equipment and site coordination skills within operators' instructions and job authorization, taking responsibility for work safety, production quality and site order. Assemblers and fabricators, machine feeders, packaging machine operators, inspectors and hand material movers produce work in their own specialties, with different responsibility and authorization levels.

Core principle of neighboring roles | Most related and neighboring roles aim to complete production, assembly, packaging or inspection to specified quality within procedural and safety requirements, with records retained. Differences concern work objects, outputs and authorization levels: some focus on independent operation, assembly and inspection, while others focus on on-site assistance, materials and cleaning.

Core purpose of this occupation | Work with equipment, production lines, materials, finished goods, work orders and procedures within operators' instructions, safety requirements and authorization: materials and handling, feeding and unloading, production assistance, inspection, identification and counting, and cleaning, packing and records. Outputs are assistance meeting procedures and traceable records.

Main work objects and bases of neighboring roles | Assemblers and fabricators follow assembly and manufacturing procedures; machine feeders and offbearers follow feeding and unloading procedures; packaging machine operators follow packaging and filling procedures; inspectors and sorters follow inspection and sampling standards; hand material movers follow handling and storage procedures. Most focus on independent operation, assembly, inspection or handling, unlike this occupation's on-site production assistance.

Main work objects and bases of this occupation | Work with product and work order identifiers, materials, parts and specifications, feeding, unloading and handling, machine operation observation, marking and counting, inspection and sorting, energy isolation and protection, and cleaning, organization and record requirements. Provide assistance and make judgments according to procedures, current acceptance standards, work safety and occupational health requirements.

Occupational profile | Helpers--Production Workers corresponds to O*NET51-9198.00, supplying or holding materials and tools, cleaning work areas and equipment, and providing production assistance through handling, identification, counting, initial inspection, observing equipment and reporting malfunctions. Site operation scope is determined by job training and authorization. Work may involve machine operation, rather than only handling and cleaning, but does not automatically confer equipment or quality release authority.

Core processes of neighboring roles | Assemblers and fabricators focus on assembly and fabrication; machine feeders and offbearers on feeding and unloading; packaging machine operators on packaging and filling; inspectors and sorters on inspection, sampling and sorting; this occupation on assistance with materials, feeding, handling, inspection and cleaning.

Core process of this occupation | Receive work orders and check materials; confirm energy isolation and protection; feed, unload and handle materials; observe machine operation and assist operation; inspect, count and identify; and clean, pack, record and hand over. Every step must follow work orders, procedures and operators' instructions and be open to review by operators, quality inspectors and safety personnel.

Main outputs of neighboring roles | Assemblers and fabricators produce assemblies and fabrication records; machine feeders and offbearers produce feeding, unloading and output records; packaging machine operators produce packaged goods and packaging records; inspectors and sorters produce inspection, sorting and conformity determination records. These differ from this occupation's assistance and production and inspection records.

Main outputs of this occupation | Assistance completed according to work orders and procedures: handled and fed materials and finished goods, identified and counted products, inspected and sorted batches, and cleaned and organized sites. Outputs also include production, inspection and counting records; consumption and rework records; abnormalities and outstanding items; and traceable shift and handover records.

Responsibility in neighboring roles | Responsibility in related and neighboring roles is usually defined by the employer and production, safety and quality systems, primarily concerning product quality, personal safety, production continuity and the site environment.

Workers in this occupation are responsible for their own feeding, handling, inspection, counting, identification, cleaning and records, and assistance completed according to work orders, procedures and safety requirements. Energy isolation, critical equipment operation, special equipment, hoisting and handling, and major quality and safety matters must be referred to appropriate roles or organizations according to qualifications, job authorization and procedures.

Authority and approvals in neighboring roles | Authority in related and neighboring roles comes from enterprise authorization and production, safety and professional standards. It usually excludes independent decisions on process or formulation changes, critical equipment parameters and major responses. Process changes, equipment modifications, special equipment and major rework should be referred to appropriate roles or organizations.

Authority and approvals in this occupation | Routine feeding, handling, inspection, counting and cleaning must remain within operators' instructions, job authorization and work order procedures. Energy isolation, lockout/tagout, hoisting, handling, critical equipment operation, process changes and major rework must follow procedures and qualification requirements. Qualifications and work permits for hoisting, special equipment and hazardous work are subject to competent authority and enterprise requirements.

Limits on conclusions in neighboring roles | Conclusions in related and neighboring roles are mostly limited to the relevant process or batch and generally do not determine product quality, equipment safety or legal liability. Conclusions spanning specialties or involving special equipment and major safety issues have limits on their applicability.

Limits on conclusions in this occupation | Feeding, handling, inspection, counting and identification conclusions should state only verifiable records, work performed and results, distinguishing measured facts, judgments and inferences, and matters awaiting verification. Workers must not issue conclusions in their own name on matters beyond their qualifications, such as special equipment inspections, quality conformity determinations or accident determinations.

Checks before joining | Use the following six items when applying and before starting work, to avoid inferring actual duties and authority from job titles or promotional wording. Base findings on written recruitment information, employment contracts, job descriptions, and production and safety procedures, and keep confirming them after joining. This page lists checks only and does not constitute a hiring or safety determination.

Check guidance | Similar job titles may have very different duties and authority. Some focus on handling, feeding and cleaning; others on inspection, counting and sorting; others on specific lines such as assembly, processing, packaging or storage; and some also involve machine operation and hoisting assistance. Specialized work, qualification and safety requirements vary by enterprise and jurisdiction. Check them before assessing fit.

01 Actual duties, work and site authority | Check whether the role actually provides feeding, unloading, handling, inspection and counting assistance, or mainly cleaning and support. Confirm permitted lines and processes, such as assembly, processing, packaging or storage; authority to use tools, equipment and hoisting and handling equipment; authorization for energy isolation and critical equipment operation; and interfaces with operators, crews, quality inspectors and safety personnel.

Check guidance | This occupation commonly works around dust, contaminants, noise, production pace and heat or cold and involves machinery and hoisting risks. It generally requires training in safety, energy isolation, lockout/tagout, hoisting, handling, machinery, dust, chemicals and occupational health, with compliance with personal protection and emergency response requirements.

02 Safety, occupational health, machinery and energy isolation requirements | Check whether the employer requires and provides safe operating procedures and energy isolation, lockout/tagout, machinery and hoisting training; hoisting, special equipment and hazardous work permit requirements; personal protection, emergency response and drills; handling and reporting requirements for waste, wastewater, dust and noise; and requirements to identify and report equipment and site hazards.

Check guidance | U.S. O*NET places 51-9198.00, Helpers--Production Workers, in Job Zone 1-2 (little or no preparation to some preparation needed), with an SVP range below 6.0 (SVP Below 6.0). Its education section reports that 35% indicate less than a high school diploma is required, 32% a high school diploma or equivalent, and 20% a postsecondary certificate (the three categories listed). Growth is labeled Decline (-9%), without Bright Outlook. In the U.S., preparation usually involves several days to one year of on-the-job training.

03 Education, training, on-the-job training and qualification requirements | Check whether vocational school training or on-the-job experience is required (the page lists Job Zone 1-2, little or no preparation to some preparation needed, and SVP below 6.0, SVP Below 6.0); whether on-the-job training or skilled-worker mentoring is offered; whether hoisting, special equipment, machine operation or hazardous work requires qualifications, internal training or assessment; and whether training and assessment cover feeding, handling, inspection, counting, cleaning, safety and emergency response.

Check guidance | This occupation focuses on handling, physical activity, identification and evaluation. Its highest-rated activities are handling and moving objects 87, performing general physical activities 84, identifying objects, actions, and events 72, and evaluating information to determine compliance with standards 71. Hazardous equipment, contaminants and noise are common, time pressure is high (80% daily), accuracy requirements are high, consequences of error are serious, and responsibility for others' health and safety is substantial. Include site conditions, physical demands and tolerance for safety-related demands in your checks.

04 Pay, working hours and employment contract definitions | Check compensation components: base pay; overtime, shift, night-shift and heat allowances; piece rates and crew performance pay; regional, enterprise and production-line differences; the five social insurance schemes and housing provident fund; labor protection, protective supplies, meals and accommodation. Confirm hours, schedules, rotating shifts and peak-season overtime, contract duration, probation and termination terms, and training, qualification and advancement arrangements. U.S. medians and percentiles are market references only, not any enterprise's or region's offer.

Check guidance | Interfaces with operators, crews, production lines, quality inspectors, equipment personnel and safety personnel determine feeding, inspection, acceptance, authority, responsibility and disclosure boundaries and must be clarified beforehand.

05 Interfaces with operators, crews and production lines | Confirm authority to approve and adjust materials, feeding and counts; arrangements for requesting, using and reviewing tools, equipment and hoisting and handling equipment; processes for feeding, inspection, counting, nonconformities and rework; and requirements for handling and externally providing enterprise, customer and equipment manufacturer technical information.

Check guidance | Traceability and recordkeeping requirements for work orders, materials, feeding, handling, inspection, counting, cleaning and abnormalities determine quality and responsibility boundaries. Clarify templates, deadlines, amendment, archiving, access and retention rules beforehand. Enterprise, customer and equipment manufacturer technical information must also follow confidentiality and minimum-necessary requirements.

06 Materials, production, quality and record requirements | Check requirements for work order records; materials, specifications and quantities used; feeding, unloading and handling; machine operation observation; marking and counting; inspection and sorting; cleaning, organization, abnormalities, rework and outstanding items; and work permits, shift handovers, original records and revision trails.

Conclusion | The central distinction between this page's O*NET 51-9198.00 Helpers--Production Workers and neighboring roles concerns work objects, outputs and authorization levels. This occupation works with equipment, production lines, materials, finished goods and on-site assistance, producing assistance completed according to work orders and procedures and traceable production and inspection records. Assemblers and fabricators, machine feeders, packaging machine operators, inspectors and hand material movers focus on their own work objects, with different outputs and authorization levels.

Evidence note | The occupations compared below come from O*NET classifications and public sources. The comparison helps distinguish neighboring occupations' work and assess fit. It does not constitute qualification, hiring or pay conclusions, or safety, special equipment or legal advice. Check wages and employment using each occupation's own code and statistical coverage; figures cannot be transferred between occupations.

Introduction | The comparison below uses four columns: occupational direction—core work and outputs—key distinction—who may prefer it. Assembly, feeding, packaging, inspection and handling roles often connect within the same production line and process, but coordination does not make them interchangeable. Their work objects, equipment, qualifications and responsibility boundaries differ and must be checked separately.

Key distinction: this occupation works with equipment, production lines, materials, finished goods and on-site assistance. Using materials, equipment and site coordination skills, workers complete feeding, handling, inspection, counting and cleaning within operators' instructions and job authorization, taking responsibility for work safety, production quality and site order. Neighboring roles focus on independent assembly, feeding, packaging, inspection or handling, with different specialties and authority.

May better suit people willing to provide hands-on assistance with materials, equipment and production lines, perform feeding, handling, inspection, counting and cleaning thoroughly according to operators' instructions and work orders, and accept responsibility for work safety and production quality.

Core work and outputs: move raw materials, finished products and packed items manually or with hoists; load and unload machines and conveyors; observe equipment and promptly report malfunctions; mark parts; count finished products and check conformity to quality standards; sort by weight, grade and size; and clean work areas and equipment and record data. Outputs are assistance completed according to work orders and procedures and production and inspection records.

This occupation: Helpers--Production Workers (O*NET/SOC 51-9198.00, Helpers--Production Workers)

Key distinction: focuses on independent assembly and fabrication, producing assemblies and fabrication records. This occupation focuses on on-site assistance, with a different authorization level.

May better suit people willing to take independent responsibility for assembly and fabrication; this occupation emphasizes on-site assistance with materials, feeding, handling and inspection.

Core work and outputs: assembling, fabricating and inspecting parts and semi-finished products, producing assemblies and fabrication and inspection records.

Assemblers and Fabricators (Assemblers and Fabricators, 51-2092.00)

Key distinction: focuses on feeding and unloading, producing feeding and unloading records. This occupation focuses on broader production-line assistance, with a different responsibility scope.

May better suit people willing to specialize in feeding and unloading; this occupation emphasizes combined materials, inspection and cleaning assistance on production lines.

Core work and outputs: feeding machines and removing finished products and waste, producing feeding, unloading and output records.

Machine Feeders and Offbearers (Machine Feeders and Offbearers, 53-7063.00)

Key distinction: focuses on packaging and filling equipment operation, producing packaged goods and records. This occupation focuses on on-site assistance, with a different authorization level.

May better suit people willing to operate and tend packaging and filling equipment; this occupation emphasizes materials, handling and inspection assistance in packaging.

Core work and outputs: operating, tending, adjusting and inspecting packaging and filling equipment, producing packaged goods and packaging records.

Packaging and Filling Machine Operators and Tenders (Packaging and Filling Machine Operators and Tenders, 51-9111.00)

Key distinction: focuses on independent inspection, sorting and conformity determinations, producing inspection determination records. This occupation focuses on on-site assistance and initial inspection, with a different authorization level.

May better suit people willing to specialize in inspection and sorting; this occupation emphasizes counting, initial inspection and identification within production assistance.

Core work and outputs: inspecting, testing, sorting, sampling and weighing products and materials, producing inspection, sorting and conformity determination records.

Inspectors, Testers, Sorters, Samplers, and Weighers (Inspectors, Testers, Sorters, Samplers, and Weighers, 51-9061.00)

Key distinction: focuses on manual handling and storage, producing handling and storage records. This occupation focuses on production-line assistance, with different settings and duties.

May better suit people willing to perform manual handling and storage; this occupation emphasizes combined feeding, inspection and cleaning assistance on production lines.

Core work and outputs: manual handling, storage, loading, unloading and stacking, producing handling, storage, loading and unloading records.

Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand (Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand, 53-7062.00)

Transition | This page places neighboring roles side by side by work objects, outputs and authorization levels to help you decide which assembly, feeding, packaging, inspection or handling work you want to pursue over time. In every direction, actual readiness depends on the relevant equipment, procedures, safety and qualification capabilities, together with the target enterprise's and jurisdiction's training, specialized work and qualification requirements. Check wages and employment using each occupation's own code and statistical coverage; figures cannot be transferred between occupations.

Entry and job-shadowing stage

Use digital tools for reversible support tasks: organizing work orders and materials ledgers, retrieving procedures and drawings, and entering quantities and inspection readings. Feeding, handling and safety judgments remain subject to operators' instructions and authorization.

Independent assistance role

Use production records and work order systems for quantity, inspection and work order records. You remain responsible for feeding, handling, inspection and counting judgments according to procedures.

Skilled and specialist roles

Use tools to aggregate and analyze data across production lines, output, quality and downtime. Confirm complex and controlled matters, including energy isolation, critical equipment and special equipment, with operators or safety personnel.

Crew leader and production-line management roles

Use tools for quality, safety, materials, cost and output statistics, reports and knowledge management. Major conclusions, process changes and external disclosures require human approval and records.

Task analysis (editorial compilation) | Separate material handling, identification, counting, initial inspection and site cleanup from digital records. Trial and check draft work order, materials and quantity records using approved data. O*NET duties do not establish system adoption, efficiency gains or high or low AI exposure. U.S. 51-9198.00: employment of 167,400 in 2025, overall growth category Decline (-1% or lower) for 2025—2035, and projected average annual openings of 20,900, including growth and worker replacements. Projections are not actual vacancies, net additions or AI attribution and cannot establish individual outcomes.

O*NET 51-9198.00 detailed information (tasks and work activities)

Used to define this occupation's task scope and work context: moving raw materials, finished products and packed items; marking or tagging parts; observing equipment and promptly reporting malfunctions; counting finished products to determine whether orders are complete; and examining products for conformity to quality standards. Activity ratings include handling and moving objects 87, performing general physical activities 84, identifying objects, actions, and events 72, and evaluating information to determine compliance with standards 71. This is a U.S. occupational classification and does not cover mainland China's work safety and special equipment regulations.

BLS Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS 2025)

Used for point-in-time estimates of U.S. wages and percentiles. This page uses data for this occupation itself as presented on O*NET's 51-9198.00 page, and does not call them neighboring occupation figures.

BLS Employment Projections (2025—2035, as presented in O*NET details for this occupation)

U.S. 51-9198.00: employment of 167,400 in 2025, overall growth category Decline (-1% or lower) for 2025—2035, and projected average annual openings of 20,900, including growth and worker replacements. Projections are not actual vacancies, net additions or AI attribution and cannot establish individual outcomes.

O*NET 51-9198.00 hot technologies (software skills)

Current detailed software skills include Excel, SAP and Office, among others. Mentions do not establish enterprise adoption rates, universal job entry requirements or degree of automation.

ILO study on generative AI and occupational exposure indices for employment

ILO2025 provides a task-level index of potential generative AI exposure. Potential exposure is not actual adoption, layoffs or individual outcomes; this page does not calculate an occupation score from it.

NIST Artificial Intelligence Risk Management Framework (AI RMF 1.0)

Used for general governance and risk control principles; it is not a machinery, special equipment, safety or legal standard.

O*NET 51-9198.00 work context (tasks, environment and safety)

Used to explain this occupation's work and safety characteristics: time pressure 80% daily, contaminant exposure 74% daily, hazardous equipment exposure 56% daily, daily face-to-face discussions 83%, high accuracy requirements, serious consequences of error and substantial responsibility for others' health and safety.

Editorial comparison | Distinguish records assistance from site operating responsibility by task. No comparison of neighboring roles' AI displacement rates or effects is available. Check technical feasibility, approved adoption and job outcomes separately; tool mentions do not establish job changes.

Trial draft work order, materials and quantity records with authorized data; effects have not been measured

On-site feeding, handling, inspection, counting, safety and process responsibility

Trial summaries of multiple production lines, output and quality records; verify time savings separately

Decisions on process changes, equipment modifications, acceptance and external disclosure

Trial procedure and drawing retrieval and text drafts; check accuracy against originals

Content evidence, safety and quality review, and special equipment responsibility

Evidence uses | O*NET defines occupational tasks; ILO describes potential exposure; NIST provides general governance. None establishes measured efficiency, adoption or income outcomes for this occupation.

Occupational description, not an automation rate or risk rating

O*NET 51-9198.00 detailed information

Tasks and work context describe the occupation, indicating substantial handling, physical demands and safety responsibilities

On-site material and equipment tasks involve physical operation. Task descriptions alone cannot quantify automation feasibility, displacement rates or overall job outcomes.

Not applicable to other jurisdictions; the median is not a starting wage

BLS OEWS (2025, data for this occupation itself, 51-9198.00)

Point-in-time sample estimates of U.S. wages

2025 U.S. median wages for this occupation are USD 18.78 per hour and USD 39,070 per year. OEWS covers pretax straight-time wages, including production bonuses and other specified components, and excludes overtime pay, shift differentials, nonproduction bonuses and employer benefit costs. The median is not starting pay; percentiles are not experience levels and do not identify causes of income differences.

Projections are not actual job postings; openings mainly reflect replacement needs

BLS Employment Projections (2025—2035, as presented in O*NET details for this occupation)

Projections include growth and replacement needs

U.S. 51-9198.00: employment of 167,400 in 2025, overall growth category Decline (-1% or lower) for 2025—2035, and projected average annual openings of 20,900, including growth and worker replacements. Projections are not actual vacancies, net additions or AI attribution and cannot establish individual outcomes.

Technology mentions do not establish adoption or degree of automation

O*NET 51-9198.00 hot technologies (software skills)

Software skills in current details include Excel, SAP and Office, among others; this is not a survey of widespread enterprise use or hiring requirements.

Check production record tools enterprise by enterprise; no actual adoption rates or effects were obtained for this occupation. Site operation and quality release follow job authorization.

Not a machinery, special equipment, safety or legal standard

NIST AI RMF 1.0

General AI risk governance framework

Using generative tools, automated data organization and digital records requires clear responsibility, safety and quality review, verification of results and a rollback plan

Technical feasibility: equipment or systems may technically affect a task. This is only a feasibility judgment, not permission to use them or evidence that enterprises have adopted them.

Enterprise and regulatory adoption: introduction depends on machinery, special equipment and work safety requirements and enterprise production and safety management procedures. Work and personal safety responsibilities cannot be transferred by introducing a system.

U.S. 51-9198.00: employment of 167,400 in 2025, overall growth category Decline (-1% or lower) for 2025—2035, and projected average annual openings of 20,900, including growth and worker replacements. Projections are not actual vacancies, net additions or AI attribution and cannot establish individual outcomes.

No evidence was obtained establishing that this occupation will necessarily be entirely displaced or necessarily retained. Potential task exposure, existing automation context and overall employment projections do not equal causal evidence of job displacement.

Sources | O*NET51-9198.00 current details, BLS OEWS2025 and Employment Projections 2025—2035; distinguish uses by their respective statistical coverage.

This occupation is defined by production assistance tasks, not programming. Check specific software, training and qualification requirements with target employers; a software list does not establish that tool proficiency alone meets entry requirements.

Sources | O*NET51-9198.00 current details, BLS OEWS2025 and Employment Projections 2025—2035; distinguish uses by their respective statistical coverage.

Editorial suggestion | Trial materials, quantity and record summaries, draft reports and information retrieval using permitted data. This page provides no tool workload shares or measured returns.

Sources | O*NET51-9198.00 current details, BLS OEWS2025 and Employment Projections 2025—2035; distinguish uses by their respective statistical coverage.

U.S. 51-9198.00: employment of 167,400 in 2025, overall growth category Decline (-1% or lower) for 2025—2035, and projected average annual openings of 20,900, including growth and worker replacements. Projections are not actual vacancies, net additions or AI attribution and cannot establish individual outcomes.

Sources | O*NET51-9198.00 current details, BLS OEWS2025 and Employment Projections 2025—2035; distinguish uses by their respective statistical coverage.

It cannot take responsibility independently. On-site feeding, unloading, handling, inspection, counting and cleaning are the responsibility of personnel and enterprises with relevant experience and authorization. Systems can assist with counting and recording data according to settings, but people must define and confirm feeding specifications, inspection and safety judgments.

Sources | O*NET51-9198.00 current details, BLS OEWS2025 and Employment Projections 2025—2035; distinguish uses by their respective statistical coverage.

No evidence of a year when this whole occupation will disappear was obtained this round. Neither ILO potential exposure nor BLS projections provides a definite disappearance year; neither supports a promise of permanent survival.

Sources | O*NET51-9198.00 current details, BLS OEWS2025 and Employment Projections 2025—2035; distinguish uses by their respective statistical coverage.

Editorial preparation suggestion | Understand job tasks through materials, handling, equipment observation, marking, counting and records. Actual operation requires relevant training and authorization; check digital tool requirements role by role.

Sources | O*NET51-9198.00 current details, BLS OEWS2025 and Employment Projections 2025—2035; distinguish uses by their respective statistical coverage.

Responsibility suggestions (editorial compilation) | Before trialing digital tools, clarify data permissions, verification, approval and change trails. Records assistance does not automatically confer site operation or quality release authority; efficiency was not measured this round.

Tasks and boundaries: operators and personnel with relevant experience and authorization must define production-line, material, energy and safety boundaries. Equipment and systems do not replace site and equipment judgments.

Data and methods: you must check and review quantity, inspection, materials and output data, sources and validation. Explicitly state data gaps or deviations; do not conceal gaps with system outputs.

Conclusions and determinations | Personnel performing the relevant tasks verify quantity and inspection records. Enterprise-authorized roles decide quality release and rework; statutory special equipment inspections follow the law separately.

Safety and compliance: energy isolation, lockout/tagout, hoisting, handling, machinery, confined spaces, dust, chemicals, work permits and personal protection must follow work safety and occupational health requirements and established procedures. Manage controlled information according to confidentiality and retention requirements.

Changes and disclosure: disclosure of materials, quantities and process information, and process or equipment changes, must remain within authorization and procedures. Pause, isolate and report machinery, hoisting, quality or authorization-related abnormalities under established procedures.

Directly using system-generated quantity, inspection or process suggestions for release or rework

You must verify quantity, safety and quality responsibilities against work orders and procedures and retain records

Accidentally sending enterprise and customer technical information to unauthorized channels

Limit purpose, retention period and access; do not upload controlled information to external services or unauthorized environments

Replacing on-site feeding, handling and inspection judgments with generated content

Personnel with relevant experience must make on-site feeding, handling and inspection judgments according to procedures

Replacing actual quantity, inspection and abnormality records with system-generated content

Records must reflect actual work and inspection processes; generating unverified content is prohibited

Unclear responsibility: who inspects, determines acceptance, and approves changes and disclosure is unspecified

Before adopting a system, define work, application and approval paths and responsible personnel, and retain records

You are responsible for handling, feeding and stacking judgments (human control point)

Materials and handling

Checklists can assist; people remain responsible for judgments

Move raw materials, finished products and packed items manually or with hoists

You are responsible for loading, unloading, removing and preparing materials according to procedures (human control point)

Feeding and unloading

Records can assist; people remain responsible for judgments

Load and unload machines and conveyors and remove products and waste

You are responsible for operation assistance and positioning products within authorization (human control point)

Production assistance

Records can assist; people remain responsible for judgments

Operate production machinery or assist machine operators and position products

You are responsible for counting, inspection and sorting (human control point)

Inspection and identification

Readings can assist; people remain responsible for judgments

Mark parts and count and inspect products for conformity to standards

You are responsible for cleaning, packing and records according to procedures (human control point)

Cleaning and records

Records can assist; people remain responsible for judgments

Clean work areas and equipment, pack, take readings and record

You are responsible for energy isolation and lockout/tagout according to your qualifications (human control point)

Energy isolation assistance

Records can assist; people remain responsible for safety judgments

Assist according to energy isolation and lockout/tagout requirements

You identify, isolate and report abnormalities and request rework within your authorization (human control point)

Handling abnormalities

Abnormality records can assist; people remain responsible for determinations and handling

Identify machinery, hoisting or quality abnormalities, isolate and report them

Editorial summary | Trial organizing work order, quantity and materials records using approved or fictional data and check originals. No measured adoption, efficiency, income or displacement rates were obtained for this occupation. Implement site operation and release responsibilities separately according to training, statutory qualifications and enterprise authorization.

Coverage | Position in the 2025 U.S. national wage distribution for this occupation. Limits | Not Chinese wages, experience levels or individual starting pay; does not establish income effects of education, qualifications or region. The 10 / 90 annual wages agree with the current national wage page; 25 / 75 retain original registrations and were not retrieved again this round.

Median hourly wage USD 18.78 / median annual wage USD 39,070 (2025, BLS OEWS, data for this occupation itself, 51-9198.00)

Coverage | Position in the 2025 U.S. national wage distribution for this occupation. Limits | Not Chinese wages, experience levels or individual starting pay; does not establish income effects of education, qualifications or region. The 10 / 90 annual wages agree with the current national wage page; 25 / 75 retain original registrations and were not retrieved again this round.

75th percentile hourly wage USD 22.11 / annual wage USD 45,990 (2025, BLS OEWS, data for this occupation itself, 51-9198.00)

Coverage | Position in the 2025 U.S. national wage distribution for this occupation. Limits | Not Chinese wages, experience levels or individual starting pay; does not establish income effects of education, qualifications or region. The 10 / 90 annual wages agree with the current national wage page; 25 / 75 retain original registrations and were not retrieved again this round.

90th percentile hourly wage USD 25.68 / annual wage USD 53,410 (2025, BLS OEWS, data for this occupation itself, 51-9198.00)

Coverage | Position in the 2025 U.S. national wage distribution for this occupation. Limits | Not Chinese wages, experience levels or individual starting pay; does not establish income effects of education, qualifications or region. The 10 / 90 annual wages agree with the current national wage page; 25 / 75 retain original registrations and were not retrieved again this round.

U.S. 51-9198.00: employment of 167,400 in 2025, overall growth category Decline (-1% or lower) for 2025—2035, and projected average annual openings of 20,900, including growth and worker replacements. Projections are not actual vacancies, net additions or AI attribution and cannot establish individual outcomes.

Coverage | BLS Employment Projections 2025—2035, as presented in O*NET details for this occupation. Limits | Coverage differs from OEWS wages. U.S. 51-9198.00: employment of 167,400 in 2025, overall growth category Decline (-1% or lower) for 2025—2035, and projected average annual openings of 20,900, including growth and worker replacements. Projections are not actual vacancies, net additions or AI attribution and cannot establish individual outcomes.

U.S. 51-9198.00: employment of 167,400 in 2025, overall growth category Decline (-1% or lower) for 2025—2035, and projected average annual openings of 20,900, including growth and worker replacements. Projections are not actual vacancies, net additions or AI attribution and cannot establish individual outcomes.

Coverage | BLS Employment Projections 2025—2035, as presented in O*NET details for this occupation. Limits | Coverage differs from OEWS wages. U.S. 51-9198.00: employment of 167,400 in 2025, overall growth category Decline (-1% or lower) for 2025—2035, and projected average annual openings of 20,900, including growth and worker replacements. Projections are not actual vacancies, net additions or AI attribution and cannot establish individual outcomes.

U.S. 51-9198.00: employment of 167,400 in 2025, overall growth category Decline (-1% or lower) for 2025—2035, and projected average annual openings of 20,900, including growth and worker replacements. Projections are not actual vacancies, net additions or AI attribution and cannot establish individual outcomes.

Coverage | BLS Employment Projections 2025—2035, as presented in O*NET details for this occupation. Limits | Coverage differs from OEWS wages. U.S. 51-9198.00: employment of 167,400 in 2025, overall growth category Decline (-1% or lower) for 2025—2035, and projected average annual openings of 20,900, including growth and worker replacements. Projections are not actual vacancies, net additions or AI attribution and cannot establish individual outcomes.

AI evidence boundaries | Trial work order, quantity and record organization using authorized or fictional data. No measured AI adoption, efficiency, income or displacement rates were obtained for this occupation. Work-context automation levels do not equal AI exposure. Current details list skills such as active listening and monitoring; do not retain the older no-skills description.

Occupational definition | Production helpers assist production workers through tasks requiring less skill. U.S. Job Zone1—2 describes preparation levels; new-hire education requirements are not current workers' educational composition, uniform Chinese entry requirements or training completion periods.

Education and training related to manufacturing, production or storage

Check target role hiring requirements

U.S. new-hire requirements: 35% below high school, 32% high school or equivalent, 20% postsecondary certificate. These are not current worker shares or Chinese education thresholds.

Capabilities in materials, feeding, handling, inspection and counting

All positions

Roles usually require feeding, unloading, handling, inspection, counting and cleaning, with compliance with energy isolation, lockout/tagout, hoisting, machinery, dust and chemical safety requirements

Qualifications for hoisting, special equipment, hazardous work and similar tasks

Positions involving the relevant work

Only work in the relevant statutory lists involves qualification requirements. Check certificates, enterprise job authorization and site work permits separately; they are not equivalent.

Occupational health and labor protection requirements

Positions involving dust, contaminants, noise and heat or cold

For hazardous roles, check examination, protection and reporting arrangements against applicable occupational health rules and enterprise procedures; do not infer that every role must rotate.

Manufacturing; Administrative and Support Services (Manufacturing / Administrative and Support Services)

O*NET's current main U.S. industries are manufacturing 70% and administrative and support services 10%. Manufacturing is task-related, so Chinese manufacturing wages are selected as background, without implying identical U.S. and Chinese occupational distributions.

Processing, assembly and packaging (reference)

Some production assistance roles serve processing, assembly and packaging. These industry averages do not equal this occupation's wages and are not used as substitutes on this page.

Storage, logistics and outsourcing services (reference)

Some roles may fall within storage, logistics and outsourcing service categories. These industry averages do not equal this occupation's wages and are not used as substitutes on this page.

National Bureau of Statistics: annual average wages of employed persons in urban units in 2025 | https://www.stats.gov.cn/sj/zxfb/202605/t20260515_1963707.html

Occupational name comparison | Helpers--Production Workers (O*NET/SOC 51-9198.00 Helpers--Production Workers; recruitment and industry usage often includes production helper, operator assistant, assembly assistant, packaging worker and production-line assistant).

The NBS 2025 industry wage release checked this round did not provide a Chinese national occupational wage distribution matching 51-9198.00. Manufacturing averages are industry background only, not substitutes for occupational medians, starting pay or take-home income.

The NBS 2025 industry wage release checked this round did not provide a Chinese national occupational wage distribution matching 51-9198.00. Manufacturing averages are industry background only, not substitutes for occupational medians, starting pay or take-home income.

Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security: enterprise remuneration survey information | https://www.mohrss.gov.cn/

Editorial checks | Ask target employers about base pay, hours, overtime, shift allowances, payment cycles and duties. National percentiles do not identify causal wage effects of these factors; industry averages must not be combined into a personal income range.

Chinese manufacturing: urban non-private units, 2025

Annual average wage RMB 113,594; employed persons in national urban non-private manufacturing units, on a tax-inclusive total wage basis covering multiple occupations, not this occupation's median, monthly pay or take-home income.

Chinese manufacturing: urban private units, 2025

Annual average wage RMB 76,055; employed persons in national urban private manufacturing units, on a tax-inclusive total wage basis covering multiple occupations, not this occupation's median, monthly pay or take-home income.

Precise national occupational wages for this occupation in mainland China

The NBS 2025 industry wage release checked this round did not provide a Chinese national occupational wage distribution matching 51-9198.00. Manufacturing averages are industry background only, not substitutes for occupational medians, starting pay or take-home income.

Classification comparison | This page covers the exact O*NET occupation 51-9198.00, Helpers--Production Workers. It differs from neighboring occupations such as Assemblers and Fabricators (51-2092.00), Machine Feeders and Offbearers (53-7063.00), Packaging and Filling Machine Operators and Tenders (51-9111.00), Inspectors, Testers, Sorters, Samplers, and Weighers (51-9061.00), and Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand (53-7062.00). Check wages and employment using each occupation's own code and statistical coverage; figures cannot be transferred between occupations.

U.S. BLS and O*NET statistical coverage notes | https://www.bls.gov/oes/

U.S. 51-9198.00: employment of 167,400 in 2025, overall growth category Decline (-1% or lower) for 2025—2035, and projected average annual openings of 20,900, including growth and worker replacements. Projections are not actual vacancies, net additions or AI attribution and cannot establish individual outcomes.

Median hourly wage USD 18.78 / median annual wage USD 39,070 (2025, BLS OEWS, data for this occupation itself, 51-9198.00)

10th percentile hourly wage USD 14.97 / annual wage USD 31,140 (2025, BLS OEWS, data for this occupation itself, 51-9198.00)

Coverage | 2025 10th percentile. Limits | Not novice pay or a minimum wage. Source | O*NET national wage page for this occupation

25th percentile hourly wage USD 16.93 / annual wage USD 35,220 (2025, BLS OEWS, data for this occupation itself, 51-9198.00)

Coverage | 2025 25th percentile, retaining the original registration. Limits | Not retrieved again this round; does not establish experience or regional effects on income. Source | Original O*NET wage registration

75th percentile hourly wage USD 22.11 / annual wage USD 45,990 (2025, BLS OEWS, data for this occupation itself, 51-9198.00)

Coverage | 2025 75th percentile, retaining the original registration. Limits | Not senior pay; does not establish duties' income effects. Source | Original O*NET wage registration

90th percentile hourly wage USD 25.68 / annual wage USD 53,410 (2025, BLS OEWS, data for this occupation itself, 51-9198.00)

Coverage | 2025 90th percentile. Limits | Not maximum pay or a seniority level. Source | O*NET national wage page for this occupation

U.S. 51-9198.00: employment of 167,400 in 2025, overall growth category Decline (-1% or lower) for 2025—2035, and projected average annual openings of 20,900, including growth and worker replacements. Projections are not actual vacancies, net additions or AI attribution and cannot establish individual outcomes.

Coverage | BLS Employment Projections 2025—2035. Limits | U.S. 51-9198.00: employment of 167,400 in 2025, overall growth category Decline (-1% or lower) for 2025—2035, and projected average annual openings of 20,900, including growth and worker replacements. Projections are not actual vacancies, net additions or AI attribution and cannot establish individual outcomes. Source | https://www.onetonline.org/link/details/51-9198.00

U.S. 51-9198.00: employment of 167,400 in 2025, overall growth category Decline (-1% or lower) for 2025—2035, and projected average annual openings of 20,900, including growth and worker replacements. Projections are not actual vacancies, net additions or AI attribution and cannot establish individual outcomes.

Coverage | BLS Employment Projections 2025—2035. Limits | U.S. 51-9198.00: employment of 167,400 in 2025, overall growth category Decline (-1% or lower) for 2025—2035, and projected average annual openings of 20,900, including growth and worker replacements. Projections are not actual vacancies, net additions or AI attribution and cannot establish individual outcomes. Source | https://www.onetonline.org/link/details/51-9198.00

U.S. 51-9198.00: employment of 167,400 in 2025, overall growth category Decline (-1% or lower) for 2025—2035, and projected average annual openings of 20,900, including growth and worker replacements. Projections are not actual vacancies, net additions or AI attribution and cannot establish individual outcomes.

Coverage | BLS Employment Projections 2025—2035. Limits | U.S. 51-9198.00: employment of 167,400 in 2025, overall growth category Decline (-1% or lower) for 2025—2035, and projected average annual openings of 20,900, including growth and worker replacements. Projections are not actual vacancies, net additions or AI attribution and cannot establish individual outcomes. Source | https://www.onetonline.org/link/details/51-9198.00

2025 U.S. median wages for this occupation are USD 18.78 per hour and USD 39,070 per year. OEWS covers pretax straight-time wages, including production bonuses and other specified components, and excludes overtime pay, shift differentials, nonproduction bonuses and employer benefit costs. The median is not starting pay; percentiles are not experience levels and do not identify causes of income differences. Employment uses overall 2025—2035 projections, with coverage labeled separately.

2025 U.S. median wages for this occupation are USD 18.78 per hour and USD 39,070 per year. OEWS covers pretax straight-time wages, including production bonuses and other specified components, and excludes overtime pay, shift differentials, nonproduction bonuses and employer benefit costs. The median is not starting pay; percentiles are not experience levels and do not identify causes of income differences. U.S. 51-9198.00: employment of 167,400 in 2025, overall growth category Decline (-1% or lower) for 2025—2035, and projected average annual openings of 20,900, including growth and worker replacements. Projections are not actual vacancies, net additions or AI attribution and cannot establish individual outcomes.

Editorial checks | Check actual tasks and contract conditions role by role across enterprises and production lines. National wage distributions do not identify enterprise type effects on income or stability.

Enterprise type and production line

Editorial checks | Verify target role equipment, inspection and hoisting training and relevant qualifications. This page has no measured evidence of wage returns from these qualifications.

Region, skills and qualifications

Editorial checks | Verify equipment operation, inspection, crew leadership duties and actual authority. Do not interpret upper national percentiles as pay for these duties.

Job responsibilities and crew leadership

U.S. 51-9198.00: employment of 167,400 in 2025, overall growth category Decline (-1% or lower) for 2025—2035, and projected average annual openings of 20,900, including growth and worker replacements. Projections are not actual vacancies, net additions or AI attribution and cannot establish individual outcomes.

Manufacturing (Manufacturing)

Insufficient evidence: no industry median wage readable for this exact occupation was obtained this round. Industry averages and third-party estimates are not substitutes.

Manufacturing is the main U.S. industry for this occupation. No occupation-by-industry wage median was obtained this round; industry employment shares and Chinese averages are not substitutes.

Administrative and Support Services (Administrative and Support Services)

Insufficient evidence: no industry median wage readable for this exact occupation was obtained this round. Industry averages and third-party estimates are not substitutes.

Administrative and support services is one of this occupation's main U.S. industries; no occupation-by-industry wage median was obtained.

Processing, assembly and packaging (reference)

Insufficient evidence: no industry median wage readable for this exact occupation was obtained this round. Industry averages and third-party estimates are not substitutes.

Processing, assembly and packaging are task-setting references, not separately verified statistical industries here; occupation-by-industry medians remain missing.

Storage, logistics and outsourcing services (reference)

Insufficient evidence: no industry median wage readable for this exact occupation was obtained this round. Industry averages and third-party estimates are not substitutes.

Storage, logistics and outsourcing are task-setting references; no occupation-by-industry median was obtained, and national wages are not substitutes.

Reading the distribution | 2025 annual wages at the 10 / 90 percentiles are USD 31,140 / 53,410, checked against the current national wage page. These are distribution positions, not starting pay, maximum pay or causes of income differences.

2025 U.S. median wages for this occupation are USD 18.78 per hour and USD 39,070 per year. OEWS covers pretax straight-time wages, including production bonuses and other specified components, and excludes overtime pay, shift differentials, nonproduction bonuses and employer benefit costs. The median is not starting pay; percentiles are not experience levels and do not identify causes of income differences.

U.S. education entries describe new-hire requirements, not current workers' educational composition. Wage returns from education, qualifications and experience were not obtained this round; check target hiring and task authorization separately.

Read wage percentiles separately from employment projections; the median is not starting pay. U.S. 51-9198.00: employment of 167,400 in 2025, overall growth category Decline (-1% or lower) for 2025—2035, and projected average annual openings of 20,900, including growth and worker replacements. Projections are not actual vacancies, net additions or AI attribution and cannot establish individual outcomes.

Median hourly wage USD 18.78 / median annual wage USD 39,070 (2025, BLS OEWS, data for this occupation itself, 51-9198.00)

The 10th percentile describes the lower distribution boundary; it does not identify novices, handling or cleaning duties, or reasons for reaching that position.

The median is the national distribution midpoint, not individual starting pay, and does not predict increases from skills or qualifications.

The 90th percentile describes an upper distribution position, not senior compensation, maximum pay or a wage ceiling.

Holland (RIASEC) | Used to understand your relative Realistic and Conventional preferences. This occupation's O*NET interest code is RC (Realistic—Conventional), corresponding to willingness to handle and work with materials hands-on and use tools for physical activities (Realistic), and willingness to organize information and data and maintain order according to procedures and rules (Conventional).

Evidence level | Moderate: the interest code comes from O*NET's occupational analysis and results concerning workers in this occupation, but individual scores do not map one-to-one to occupational codes.

If working around dust, contaminants, noise, production pace and heat or cold is difficult, or you struggle with a rhythm varying by production plans and orders and possibly involving overtime and shifts, or are unwilling to take responsibility for work safety, production quality and site order, a high interest questionnaire score cannot change these practical costs. Also confirm the employer's energy isolation, hoisting, special equipment and occupational health requirements.

Big Five | Supports self-reflection on willingness to check quantities against work orders, record truthfully and accept review. O*NET work styles include more than dependability and must not be converted into Big Five scores or individual fit predictions.

Evidence level | Low: relationships between personality traits and performance are group statistical trends and cannot be used for individual predictions.

Do not use a personality assessment saying you are unsuitable as grounds to give up or avoid entering the field. Rely on production-line shadowing, internships or simulated feeding and inspection tasks, operators' feedback and assessment results.

Understanding this interest code: RC means Realistic, handling and working with materials hands-on and using tools for physical activities, and Conventional, organizing information and data and maintaining order according to procedures and rules. It explains occupational preferences, not ability or qualifications.

MBTI | Typology supports self-reflection on communication and work preferences. This occupation requires collaboration with operators, crews and quality inspectors; preferences do not determine competence.

Interest experience: enjoying complete assistance with feeding, handling, inspection, counting and cleaning, and gaining satisfaction from an orderly production line where materials, quantities, safety and records are all handled properly.

Evidence level | Low: MBTI is not an occupational qualification or ability assessment tool and cannot be used for employment decisions.

RC

Realistic—Conventional

Use types only as a reference for communication styles, not to infer whether you or others can perform feeding, handling and inspection assistance well.

Enneagram | For self-reflection only. Observe whether you report equipment, quality or authorization-related abnormalities under procedures; do not judge competence by type.

Evidence level | Low: a self-exploration tool, not a conclusion about occupational ability or fit.

Do not explain quality or safety disputes through type labels; return to work order evidence, the work process and adequacy of records.

Intelligence and reasoning | Observe reading work orders, distinguishing quantities, and understanding inspection records and equipment abnormality information. This page has no comparative validity evidence for these observations or assessment scores predicting performance in this occupation.

Evidence level | Moderate: general cognitive ability relates to learning speed but cannot replace safety and skills training, qualifications or assessments.

Scores do not establish whether you can learn feeding, handling, inspection and counting assistance; test this through production-line shadowing, internships or simulated tasks and operators' feedback.

Emotional intelligence | Reflect on communication, accepting review and truthful reporting under pace and abnormality pressure. No causal evidence was obtained linking assessment scores to this occupation's quality or safety.

Evidence level | Low: emotional intelligence assessment results are self-reported and cannot constitute hiring or performance conclusions.

Emotional capabilities can improve through actual work, mentoring and deliberate practice; assessment scores need not define your limits.

Boundaries | Assessments and career comparisons on this page support self-reflection and exploration only. They are not hiring standards, ability scores or qualification judgments. Entry depends on education, training, safety, occupational health, qualifications and enterprise authorization. In particular, U.S. O*NET places this occupation in Job Zone 1-2 (little or no preparation to some preparation needed), below 6.0 (SVP Below 6.0). Hoisting, special equipment and hazardous work also require relevant qualifications and work permits.

Direct answer | Assessments support self-reflection; check skills, qualifications and task authorization separately. Observe counting, records and explanations in existing low-risk task materials, without treating scores or a single demonstration as hiring, competence or authorization conclusions.

This occupation's direction, Helpers--Production Workers | Outputs are assistance completed according to work orders and procedures—materials, feeding, handling, inspection, counting and cleaning—and traceable production and inspection records: materials and handling, feeding and unloading, production assistance, inspection and identification, cleaning and records

Able to independently complete feeding, handling, inspection, counting, cleaning and records within operators' instructions, job authorization and work order procedures

Caution signals | First check actual dust, noise, scheduling, protection and training conditions on the target production line, then judge whether you can accept them. Occupational context does not mean every role is identical.

Assembly and fabrication direction | Refer to Assemblers and Fabricators' core outputs in the direction comparison table; work objects, specialty and authorization levels differ from this occupation

Exploration signals | Willingness to move toward parts assembly and fabrication outputs. Add target role assembly, self-inspection and equipment training; production assistance experience is not independent assembly qualification.

If you prefer combined materials, feeding, inspection and cleaning assistance on production lines rather than that direction, compare this occupation's differences further.

Machine feeding and offbearing direction | Refer to Machine Feeders and Offbearers' core outputs in the direction comparison table; work objects, specialty and authorization levels differ from this occupation

Exploration signals | Willingness to focus on machine feeding, unloading and pace coordination; check equipment task training and authorization separately.

If you prefer combined materials, feeding, inspection and cleaning assistance on production lines rather than that direction, compare this occupation's differences further.

Packaging and filling machine operation and tending direction | Refer to Packaging and Filling Machine Operators and Tenders' core outputs in the direction comparison table; work objects, specialty and authorization levels differ from this occupation

Exploration signals | Willingness to focus on packaging and filling equipment operation and adjustment; add equipment, process and inspection training.

If you prefer combined materials, feeding, inspection and cleaning assistance on production lines rather than that direction, compare this occupation's differences further.

Inspection, testing, sorting, sampling and weighing direction | Refer to Inspectors, Testers, Sorters, Samplers, and Weighers' core outputs in the direction comparison table; work objects, specialty and authorization levels differ from this occupation

Exploration signals | Willingness to focus on inspection, testing, sampling and determination criteria; check training and authority for independent determinations separately.

If you prefer combined materials, feeding, inspection and cleaning assistance on production lines rather than that direction, compare this occupation's differences further.

Hand labor, freight, stock and material moving direction | Refer to Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand's core outputs in the direction comparison table; work objects, specialty and authorization levels differ from this occupation

Exploration signals | Willingness to focus on manual material handling, loading and unloading; check storage processes, site protection and relevant training separately.

If you prefer combined materials, feeding, inspection and cleaning assistance on production lines rather than that direction, compare this occupation's differences further.

Personality reflection | Observe willingness to check materials, quantities and records against work orders and communicate abnormalities. RC describes occupational interests, not individual competence or employment standards.

Introversion reflection | An introvert label cannot determine fit. Actual work still requires explaining quantities and abnormalities to operators, crews and quality inspectors; observe communication and operation separately.

Extraversion reflection | An extravert label does not guarantee collaboration or competence. Observe accurate explanations of abnormalities, acceptance of review and work within authorization.

Which MBTI type best suits this occupation? No type has been proven best suited. MBTI is not an occupational qualification or ability assessment tool; occupational adjustment mainly depends on skills, qualifications, safety and procedural compliance.

Which Holland interest types better suit this occupation? Its O*NET interest code is RC: Realistic, handling and working with materials hands-on and using tools for physical activities, and Conventional, organizing information and data and maintaining order according to procedures and rules.

Personality scores cannot directly establish individual performance. No predictive validity evidence for personality assessments in this occupation was obtained this round; check actual training and authorization separately.

Can I do this work if I am poor at math? Basic counting, measurement, calculation and reading skills are needed. Quantitative foundations can improve through training and tools, but strong difficulty with counting, measuring instruments and quantities would be a significant constraint.

Does this occupation require high emotional intelligence? Emotional stability, communication and conflict handling skills are needed, but no specific assessment score is required. Production pace, delivery and rework pressure require self-regulation and reporting according to procedures.

Can the Enneagram determine whether I fit? No. It is a self-exploration tool, not a conclusion about occupational ability or fit. Assess fit by whether you can complete feeding, handling, inspection, counting, cleaning and records under safety and procedural requirements.

Editorial observation suggestion | Existing work records or fictional materials can help discuss counting, identification and explanatory approaches. This page has no comparative validity evidence against questionnaires and does not recommend untrained people approach machinery or hoisting work.

Fit signals: willingness to take responsibility for work safety and production quality under energy isolation, lockout/tagout, hoisting, handling, machinery, dust and chemical requirements; ability to switch between feeding, handling, inspection, counting and cleaning while valuing evidence and records; maintaining procedures, evidence and review under production pace and delivery pressure; and isolating and reporting equipment or quality abnormalities or matters beyond authorization under procedures.

Caution signals: difficulty working around dust, contaminants, noise and production pace; difficulty accepting overtime, shifts and a rhythm varying by production plans and orders; unwillingness to take responsibility for work safety, production quality and site order; or unwillingness to report and hand over matters beyond authorization under procedures.

Editorial checks | First read target task, training, protection and authority requirements. Existing simulation materials are for discussion only and do not replace site training and authorization.

Used to check this occupation's task scope and work context under the U.S. occupational classification.

Used to check this occupation's tasks, work activities and detailed work activities.

Used to check work activity importance: handling and moving objects 87, performing general physical activities 84, and identifying objects, actions, and events 72.

Used to check work context: time pressure from production pace (80% daily), frequent face-to-face discussions (83% daily), common hazardous equipment exposure (56% daily) and common contaminant exposure (74% daily).

Used to check O*NET's interest code (RC).

Used to check Job Zone 1-2 (little or no preparation to some preparation needed) and training information.

Used to check point-in-time U.S. wage estimate coverage: data for this occupation itself, not labeled on that page as coming from a broader or neighboring occupation, and not representative of neighboring occupations.

U.S. 51-9198.00: employment of 167,400 in 2025, overall growth category Decline (-1% or lower) for 2025—2035, and projected average annual openings of 20,900, including growth and worker replacements. Projections are not actual vacancies, net additions or AI attribution and cannot establish individual outcomes.

Boundaries | Risks are editorial failure examples identified from tasks, not accident rates or risk ratings. General quality release follows enterprise authorization; special equipment inspections, accident determinations and occupational disease diagnoses follow statutory qualifications and procedures separately.

Direct answer | Central risks extend beyond whether materials can be fed correctly to four failure categories with substantial consequences: safety and personal injury failures, including machinery, energy isolation and crushing, hoisting, handling and material stacking, dust, contaminants and chemical exposure, heat, machinery and noise; quality and rework failures, where inadequate feeding, counting or inspection causes product rework and batch scrapping; equipment failures, where improper operation or cleaning causes damage and downtime; and recordkeeping and traceability failures, where inaccurate quantity and inspection data prevent responsibility from being determined.

Evidence scope | This page draws on O*NET 51-9198.00 tasks and work context: moving raw materials, finished products and packed items; marking or tagging parts; observing equipment and promptly reporting malfunctions; counting finished products and checking conformity to quality standards; common hazardous equipment exposure (56% daily), common contaminant exposure (74% daily), time pressure from production pace (80% daily), and serious consequences of error (21% extremely serious, 28% very serious). Under U.S. occupational classification coverage, this helps identify failure types and control points, not draw legal or safety conclusions.

Worker and crew; safety and equipment managers; personal safety, machinery and energy isolation boundaries

Cleaning, assembly or disassembly without energy isolation or lockout/tagout causes crushing, entanglement or unintended equipment movement; failure to follow energy isolation, lockout/tagout and lock confirmation requirements

Follow energy isolation, lockout/tagout, lock confirmation and verification requirements and implement protection. Stop immediately, recheck and report energy or equipment abnormalities

Scenario | During production pressure, you are asked to clean, assemble or disassemble equipment before isolating energy, with paperwork to follow later.

Worker and hoisting and handling personnel; personal safety and material stacking boundaries

Improper hoisting, handling or stacking causes materials to overturn, fall or crush people; defective lifting gear, stacked loads or supports, or improper signaling

Follow hoisting, handling and stacking procedures and check lifting gear, stacked loads and securing. Withdraw immediately, isolate and report hoisting or load abnormalities

Scenario | During a staff shortage, you are asked to temporarily take over hoisting or critical equipment operation despite being untrained.

Worker, safety and occupational health personnel; occupational health and work environment

Dust, contaminant, chemical and noise exposure causes inhalation injuries or other harm; inadequate ventilation, dust removal or personal protection, or failure to follow substance safety requirements

Follow ventilation, dust removal, personal protection and substance safety requirements and use appropriate protective equipment. Stop immediately, recheck and report dust or chemical abnormalities

Scenario | Ventilation and protection are ignored, and you are asked to finish feeding materials before addressing dust and chemical issues.

Worker, safety and equipment managers; personal safety, heat and machinery boundaries

Hot machinery, moving parts or noise causes burns, entanglement or hearing damage; failure to follow machinery and heat safety and protection requirements or isolate energy

Machinery and hot work conditions require protection, power isolation and segregation. Stop immediately, isolate and report machinery or heat abnormalities

Scenario | Machine protection and power-isolation procedures are incomplete, but you are asked to clean first and complete paperwork later.

Worker, operators and quality inspectors; production quality; quantity, inspection and rework boundaries

Inadequate feeding, counting or inspection causes product rework and batch scrapping; failure to follow work orders, procedures and quality standards

Complete feeding, handling, inspection and counting according to work orders and procedures. Immediately isolate and report nonconformities or rework needs and assist with repairs

Scenario | Quantity or inspection results are marginally nonconforming, but delivery pressure leads to requests to release first and reinspect later.

Worker, operators and site management; work quality and responsibility determination; qualification and disclosure boundaries

Missing or inaccurate work orders, quantity, inspection and cleaning records prevent traceability and responsibility determination; issuing special equipment inspection or quality conformity conclusions beyond authority, or fabricating retrospective records

Record truthfully under procedures and retain original records and revision trails. Never generate unverified content or issue inspection or conformity conclusions beyond authority

Scenario | Batch quantity and inspection data differ from records, but you are asked to issue a quality conclusion using existing records and revise them later.

Used to check this occupation's tasks and work context and identify failure types in feeding, handling, inspection, counting and cleaning under U.S. coverage.

O*NET's summary supports U.S. occupational duties, not Chinese work permits, quality systems or risk incidence rates.

Article 28 of the Work Safety Law supports pre-work safety education and training; Article 30 requires relevant specialized work qualifications. Neither establishes uniform certification or fixed training periods for all production helpers.

Article 14 of the Special Equipment Safety Law supports prescribed qualifications for relevant safety management, inspection and operating personnel. It does not make all general quality determinations statutory certification matters.

NIST AI RMF provides only general digital tool governance principles; it does not establish Chinese statutory work safety, special equipment or occupational health duties or site operating procedures.

Qualification boundaries (I) | Check hiring education requirements, training records, statutory qualifications and enterprise authorization separately. U.S. Job Zone1—2 describes preparation levels, not Chinese entry requirements or uniform training durations.

Qualification boundaries (II) | Pre-work safety education and training in China follow Article 28 of the Work Safety Law. Check applicable lists and provisions for specialized work and relevant special equipment personnel qualifications. General quality release follows enterprise authorization and does not universally require statutory certificates.

Qualification boundaries (III) | Preparation materials do not confer equipment operation, quality release or disclosure authority; undertake actual tasks within training and relevant authorization.

Qualification boundaries (IV) | Check the scope and validity of personnel certificates, enterprise job authorization and site work permits separately; none replaces the other requirements.

Recruitment sample note | This page cites no counts or pay figures from specific job advertisements. Production helpers are often recruited through manufacturing, processing, assembly, packaging, storage and outsourcing enterprises and labor and human resources channels. Region, industry, production line and project cycles affect recruitment, making public samples difficult to generalize to the whole market. Hiring requirements and authority must be based on written recruitment information, employment contracts, job descriptions, and production and safety procedures.

This page lists checks only and makes no hiring or pay commitment.

Boundaries | Preparation pathways and capability levels on this page help plan learning and evidence collection. They do not determine hiring, advancement or qualifications. Actual entry depends on safety and skills training, qualifications, enterprise authorization and assessments, and does not confer authority for independent critical equipment operation, hoisting or special equipment inspections.

Under supervision, prepare materials and tools and assist with feeding, handling, cleaning and records. Do not independently operate critical equipment, perform hoisting or issue inspection conclusions.

Shadowing and support roles

Independently complete feeding, handling, inspection, counting, cleaning and records within operators' instructions, job authorization and work order procedures. Isolate and report abnormalities, safety issues or matters beyond authorization under established procedures.

Independent assistance role

Only after relevant task training and enterprise authorization, and meeting statutory qualifications where actual work requires them, may workers operate critical equipment, assist complex production lines and mentor others. Seniority does not automatically confer advancement.

Skilled and specialist roles

Able to arrange crews and production lines, implement and evaluate quality, safety, materials and output, jointly sign off on abnormalities and coordinate multiple parties.

Crew leader and production-line management roles

Editorial preparation pathway | First check target education, training, protection and task scope, then learn materials, counting, inspection and records within mentoring and authorization. Check equipment operation and statutory qualifications against actual tasks separately. No vocational school or certificate pathway is uniformly mandatory for all roles.

Qualification boundaries | Occupational training, shadowing and practical work, educational or training credentials, passing safety and skills assessments and obtaining hoisting and special equipment qualifications, inclusion in occupational health management, and enterprise job and work authorization are different statuses. Preparation items listed on this page do not equal authorization and do not automatically confer critical equipment operation, quality conformity determination or external disclosure authority.

Jurisdiction and evidence | U.S. Job Zone1—2 and education figures of 35% below high school, 32% high school or equivalent and 20% postsecondary certificate describe new-hire requirements. Chinese training, statutory qualifications and enterprise authorization follow rules applicable to actual tasks; do not combine entry requirements across jurisdictions.

Editorial summary | Learning and shadowing help explain tasks; check qualifications and enterprise authorization separately. Preparation pathways do not guarantee hiring, advancement or independent equipment authority.

O*NET checks U.S. new-hire education requirements and Job Zone preparation levels, not Chinese entry requirements or current workers' educational composition.

Used to check tasks, work activities and work environment and help plan learning priorities.

Used to check national training and on-the-job training information for this occupation.

Used to check this occupation's certification directory and search entry points for specialized certifications and training.

Basic materials and tools training records; basic safety and equipment training.

Learn key points of handling, material preparation, measuring instruments and safety.

Handling assistance records and mentoring feedback; ability to restate equipment, safety and reporting points.

Learn materials, handling, preparation, measuring instruments and safety under supervision; do not independently operate critical equipment.

Materials and preparation shadowing role

Job authorization, safety and qualifications; materials and production-line experience.

Gain experience across materials and production lines; practice handling, material preparation and preparation methods.

Materials, consumption and preparation records and review comments.

Independently complete materials, handling, material preparation, preparation and records according to work orders; isolate and report abnormalities under established procedures.

Materials and preparation role

Relevant job authorization and specialized qualifications; complex batch experience.

Learn materials, handling and process coordination methods for complex batches.

Complex batch, materials and abnormality handling records.

Undertake complex batch materials, handling, mentoring and process coordination.

Materials and preparation specialist role

Relevant management appointment or enterprise authorization.

Improve materials, handling and traceability management mechanisms.

Coordination conclusions; materials, handling and traceability documents.

Coordinate materials, handling, quality, safety and joint sign-offs, and guide newcomers.

Materials and site supervisor role

Basic procedure and tool training records; safety training.

Learn key points of feeding, unloading, observation and safety.

Feeding assistance records and mentoring feedback; ability to restate observation and safety points.

Under supervision, undertake feeding, unloading, observation, assistance and tool preparation; do not independently operate critical equipment.

Production assistance shadowing role

Job authorization, safety and qualifications; production-line assistance experience.

Gain experience across production lines and processes; practice feeding, observation and assistance methods.

Feeding, observation and assistance records and review comments.

Complete feeding, unloading, observation, operation assistance and records according to work orders; report abnormalities under established procedures.

Production assistance role

Relevant job authorization and specialized qualifications; complex production-line experience.

Learn feeding, observation and preliminary malfunction assessment methods for complex production lines.

Complex production-line and abnormality handling records.

Undertake complex production-line feeding, observation, preliminary malfunction assessment, mentoring and process coordination.

Production assistance specialist role

Relevant management appointment or enterprise authorization.

Improve crew, production-line and output management mechanisms.

Coordination conclusions; crew, production-line and output documents.

Coordinate crews, production lines, output, safety and joint sign-offs, and guide newcomers.

Crew and production-line supervisor role

Basic information and safety training records; safety and confidentiality training.

Learn standards for quantity, inspection, cleaning and safety records.

Records of assistance with organizing, checking and archiving records, and review comments.

Under supervision, help organize and archive quantity, inspection and cleaning records; do not independently determine conformity or disclose externally.

Quality and records assistance role

Job authorization, safety and qualifications; records and compliance experience.

Gain experience across production lines and batches; practice recordkeeping, traceability and inspection methods.

Quantity, inspection, cleaning and safety records and review comments.

Truthfully record and hand over quantities, inspection, cleaning and abnormalities under procedures, and manage record versions and retention.

Quality and records role

Relevant job authorization and specialized training; review and corrective action records.

Learn quality, safety, data quality and audit methods.

Review, corrective action, traceability and audit records.

Implement quality, safety, data quality, traceability and corrective actions.

Quality and compliance review role

Relevant management appointment or enterprise authorization.

Improve quality, compliance, recordkeeping and traceability management mechanisms.

Coordination conclusions; quality, compliance and traceability documents.

Coordinate quality, records, compliance, training and joint sign-offs, handle complex and disputed matters, and guide newcomers.

Quality and compliance supervisor role

2025 U.S. median wages for this occupation are USD 18.78 per hour and USD 39,070 per year. OEWS covers pretax straight-time wages, including production bonuses and other specified components, and excludes overtime pay, shift differentials, nonproduction bonuses and employer benefit costs. The median is not starting pay; percentiles are not experience levels and do not identify causes of income differences. U.S. 51-9198.00: employment of 167,400 in 2025, overall growth category Decline (-1% or lower) for 2025—2035, and projected average annual openings of 20,900, including growth and worker replacements. Projections are not actual vacancies, net additions or AI attribution and cannot establish individual outcomes. The NBS 2025 industry wage release checked this round did not provide a Chinese national occupational wage distribution matching 51-9198.00. Manufacturing averages are industry background only, not substitutes for occupational medians, starting pay or take-home income.

United States

2025

The median is the distribution midpoint, not starting pay; wage percentiles do not identify income effects of region, skills, qualifications or duties.

2025 U.S. median wages for this occupation are USD 18.78 per hour and USD 39,070 per year. OEWS covers pretax straight-time wages, including production bonuses and other specified components, and excludes overtime pay, shift differentials, nonproduction bonuses and employer benefit costs. The median is not starting pay; percentiles are not experience levels and do not identify causes of income differences.

Wages (median and percentiles, data for this occupation itself)

SOC 51-9198.00 (OEWS 2025, as presented by O*NET)

Median hourly wage USD 18.78 and median annual wage USD 39,070; 10th percentile hourly wage 14.97 and annual wage 31,140, 25th percentile hourly wage 16.93 and annual wage 35,220, 75th percentile hourly wage 22.11 and annual wage 45,990, and 90th percentile hourly wage 25.68 and annual wage 53,410

United States

2025—2035

U.S. 51-9198.00: employment of 167,400 in 2025, overall growth category Decline (-1% or lower) for 2025—2035, and projected average annual openings of 20,900, including growth and worker replacements. Projections are not actual vacancies, net additions or AI attribution and cannot establish individual outcomes.

Coverage differs from BLS OEWS point-in-time employment estimates; do not mix them. Projections are not actual job postings. Openings are annual averages over the period and must not be read as net new jobs.

Employment size, growth and openings (data for this occupation itself)

SOC 51-9198.00 (BLS Employment Projections, as presented by O*NET)

U.S. 51-9198.00: employment of 167,400 in 2025, overall growth category Decline (-1% or lower) for 2025—2035, and projected average annual openings of 20,900, including growth and worker replacements. Projections are not actual vacancies, net additions or AI attribution and cannot establish individual outcomes.

Mainland China

2025

The NBS 2025 industry wage release checked this round did not provide a Chinese national occupational wage distribution matching 51-9198.00. Manufacturing averages are industry background only, not substitutes for occupational medians, starting pay or take-home income.

Legal environments, management systems and statistical coverage differ; do not combine or convert them. This page's China section records only statistical coverage and visible gaps.

Occupational wages and employment (statistical coverage and gaps)

National Bureau of Statistics average wages of employed persons in urban units (industry-category coverage) and bounded searches

The NBS 2025 industry wage release checked this round did not provide a Chinese national occupational wage distribution matching 51-9198.00. Manufacturing averages are industry background only, not substitutes for occupational medians, starting pay or take-home income.

Used to check U.S. wage coverage (2025 OEWS) and percentiles. This page's figures cover this occupation itself as presented on O*NET's 51-9198.00 page, not neighboring occupations, and are not pay commitments for an institution or region.

U.S. 51-9198.00: employment of 167,400 in 2025, overall growth category Decline (-1% or lower) for 2025—2035, and projected average annual openings of 20,900, including growth and worker replacements. Projections are not actual vacancies, net additions or AI attribution and cannot establish individual outcomes.

Used to check mainland China's statistical coverage and gaps. U.S. data cannot be directly extrapolated to equivalent mainland China roles; this page records only statistical coverage and visible gaps.

Used to check O*NET's task, employment and industry presentation for this occupation under U.S. coverage; wages and employment cover this occupation itself.

Needs additional assembly, fabrication and inspection capabilities

Materials and tool preparation, initial inspection and process collaboration

Relatively close: move from production assistance to independent assembly and fabrication, adding assembly and inspection skills

Needs additional specialized feeding and unloading capabilities

Material supply, feeding and unloading assistance, and equipment abnormality reporting

Relatively close: move from broad assistance to specialized feeding and unloading, adding equipment and pace coordination skills

Needs additional packaging and filling equipment operation and adjustment capabilities

Product positioning, identification, counting and packaging assistance

Moderate: move from production assistance to packaging equipment operation, adding equipment adjustment and inspection skills

Needs additional inspection, testing, sorting and sampling capabilities

Initial checks, quantity records and abnormality communication

Moderate: move from production assistance to independent inspection determinations, adding sampling and determination skills

Needs additional manual handling, storage, loading and unloading capabilities

Material handling, counting and maintaining work-area order

Relatively close: move from production-line assistance to manual handling and storage, adding storage, loading and unloading skills

Needs additional cutting and slicing equipment setting and operating capabilities

Material preparation, measuring instrument readings and equipment assistance

Moderate: move from production assistance to cutting equipment operation, adding setting and operating skills

Needs additional foundry mold and coremaking capabilities

Materials and tool supply, cleanup and work collaboration

Moderate: move from production assistance to foundry mold making, adding mold and core skills

Needs additional team assembly, collaboration and self-inspection capabilities

Part identification, process assistance and crew communication

Relatively close: move from production assistance to team assembly, adding assembly and self-inspection skills

This round the author checked O*NET51-9198.00 current tasks, skills, software, 2025 wages and 2025—2035 projections; wage methodology against BLS FAQs; manufacturing averages against the NBS2025 release; and risk legal sources against the Work Safety Law and Special Equipment Safety Law.

Source card | Source register: this page lists O*NET 51-9198.00 detailed information, industry distribution, occupational profile, detailed tasks, work activities, work context, software skills, certification directory and detailed interests, together with BLS OEWS, BLS Employment Projections, ILO, NIST and relevant neighboring occupation entries. Sources are registered separately by use for occupational identity, tasks, wages, employment, qualifications and human control.

This round's access date is 2026-10-11; older source registration dates remain historical. Current wages are 2025 and projections 2025—2035. Do not refresh older registration dates to imply current research.

Current details list skills and multiple work styles; OEWS includes production bonuses and other wage components. Local older wording has been corrected. Precise Chinese occupational wages, U.S. occupation-by-industry medians, and measured AI adoption and effects remain missing. Protected Hero / FAQ / shared facts and source metadata retain older projections or wage explanations; the whole page cannot be described as consistent.