Floor Layers, Except Carpet, Wood, and Hard Tiles

Work context | O*NET 47-2042.00 work context shows site work centers on face-to-face communication, manual operations, and physical demands; specific conditions vary by site type and process coordination. Face-to-face discussions | Daily face-to-face discussions with individuals and teams (99% daily), requiring in-person confirmation of dimensions, progress, and problems with forepersons and coworkers. Manual operations | Continuous handling, control, or touching of objects and tools with both hands (89% continually or almost continually), using cutting knives, trowels, and rollers for long periods. Time pressure | Schedule pressure (53% once a week or more but not daily), with progress affected by other trades and material arrivals. Teamwork | Working in groups or teams is extremely important (42%), requiring divided responsibilities and cooperation for large-area installation. Others’ safety | Moderate responsibility for other workers’ health and safety (41%), requiring attention to mutual effects of adhesive odors, dust, and tool injuries. External customers | Dealing with external customers or the public (40% rate it important), potentially involving direct contact with owners or users in residential and commercial projects. Indoor environment | Indoors in environmentally controlled conditions (39% once a month or more but not every week); this category does not establish conditions at most sites. Check actual temperature, humidity, and ventilation separately. Precision requirements | Precision or accuracy is important (11% rate it important); deviations in seams, flatness, and edge finishing directly affect acceptance.

Environment and pace | Locations move with projects, mostly residential buildings, offices, shops, and public buildings under construction or renovation. Sites commonly involve dust, adhesive odors, noise, and overlapping work by other trades. Material arrivals, subfloor handovers, and subsequent processes constrain the pace; tight deadlines require overtime, and busy/quiet seasons relate to regional construction cycles. Physical demands center on prolonged standing, kneeling, crouching, bending, and moving materials. Use protective equipment under safety procedures and attend to ventilation and fire prevention.

Tools and materials | Materials: resilient floor coverings (sheets and panels, linoleum, cork, rubber, and other block, strip, and sheet materials), subfloor treatment and leveling materials, primers and adhesives, joint-filling and edge-finishing materials, and moisture barriers. Tools: tape measures and straightedges, chalk-line reels and ink lines, cutting and trimming knives, notched spreaders and rollers, grooving and welding tools (for heat-welded resilient sheet seams), and grinding and cleaning tools. Documents: material instructions and construction specifications, subfloor test records, product batch and warranty documents, acceptance standards, and self-check forms. All process parameters (adhesive open time, temperature/humidity requirements, curing time) must follow product instructions valid for the current shift.

Receive drawings and material lists → Check and treat subfloors under instructions → Set chalk lines and trial-lay → Cut, join, and install → Finish edges and transitions, clean, and self-check → Record handovers and handle deviations

Editorial check: check flatness, seams, edge finishing, bonding or locking, appearance, and protection against actual materials, installation systems, drawings, product instructions, and acceptance requirements. Hollow-area rates, bond strength, and curing do not apply to every installation system; do not impose a universal no-hollow-area requirement or one metric on all materials. Record deviations and submit them to the responsible person.

Adjacent responsibility boundaries | This page covers O*NET-SOC 47-2042.00; adjacent but different occupations include Carpet Installers, Floor Sanders and Finishers, Tile and Stone Setters, and specialist processes such as floor leveling and self-leveling work. Relevant specialist trades and responsible parties handle subfloor leveling and waterproofing, plumbing and electrical alterations, structural safety, and fire compliance; this occupation must not exceed its boundaries by replacing those parties’ judgments and signatures.

Boundary review points | Pause and escalate when subfloors have structural cracks, obvious crumbling, or excessive moisture that cannot be treated under instructions; drawings and site dimensions differ substantially; material models, batches, or instructions are missing; structures, plumbing, electrical, or fire facilities require alterations; or clients/users request changed methods without written instructions. Forepersons, technical leads, or project managers handle these matters under contracts and specifications.

Check drawings and material lists → Check and treat subfloors → Set chalk lines and trial-lay → Cut, install, and join → Finish transitions and protect completed work → Record self-checks and report deviations

Difference from floor-sanders-and-finishers (Floor Sanders and Finishers): they mainly sand, fill joints, and coat wood floors, delivering flat, coated wood surfaces. This occupation mainly installs resilient sheets, panels, linoleum, cork, rubber, and other coverings, delivering complete floor coverings with finished seams and edges. Their materials, tools, and acceptance metrics differ.

Difference from tile-and-stone-setters (Tile and Stone Setters): they install hard tiles and stone using cement-based materials or adhesives, involving wet processes such as cutting, leveling, and joint filling, with stricter subfloor strength and hollow-area controls. This occupation mainly uses resilient and soft coverings, emphasizing material expansion/contraction, seam methods, adhesive open time, and rolling. Operating and acceptance standards are not interchangeable.

Difference from brickmasons-and-blockmasons (Brickmasons and Blockmasons): they build brick and stone walls and structures, producing load-bearing or enclosing wall elements. This occupation produces functional floor coverings without structural load-bearing or wall masonry responsibilities.

Difference from carpenters (Carpenters): carpenters fabricate and install wood elements (frames, doors, windows, cabinets, wood floors, etc.); this occupation only installs floor coverings after their work is complete. Carpenters or forepersons must confirm wood subfloor moisture or flatness problems before treatment; do not independently alter wood elements.

Before choosing this occupation, compare actual tasks (material types, site types, process position), qualification and training paths (on-the-job training, apprenticeships, relevant certificates), shifts and travel (moving with projects, possibly working away from home), physical and health costs (dust, adhesives, kneeling/crouching, material handling), and development paths (foreperson, technician, quality inspector, materials and sales). Employers and regions differ substantially; check actual recruitment and site observations.

Responsibility boundaries cannot be inferred from similar job names: although all are “installation” roles, carpet, wood flooring, tile/stone, and resilient materials have different properties, process parameters, acceptance standards, and safety requirements. Cross-trade work requires relearning processes and specifications; do not carry over original trade judgments and signing powers.

AI task exposure | Digital tools may assist area and quantity estimates, material layout and waste calculations, checklist and process record drafts, and classification/archiving of drawings and photographs. Site subfloor judgments (flatness, moisture content, hollow areas), choices about material expansion/contraction and seams, on-site edge/transition adaptation, final acceptance, and quality signing remain responsibilities of site workers and forepersons. Task exposure does not equal job replacement.

Adoption conditions | Digital tools entering construction sites must meet these conditions: outputs are traceable and reviewable and do not replace site measurements; entering process records and quality data does not displace actual work and safety checks; forepersons confirm schedule and material quantity estimates before procurement and settlement use. Technical demonstrations do not establish organizational adoption.

Data and system requirements | Before adoption, check whether drawing and material list versions are controlled; whether area and quantity data trace back to original measurements and product specifications; access permissions and retention periods for measurement and acceptance records; offline equipment/software availability at sites without networks; and consistent data definitions among clients, general contractors, and subcontractors.

Human control points and review | Site workers and forepersons must judge subfloor acceptability, material and adhesive process parameters, seam and edge-finishing methods, sign for completed quality, and confirm process handovers. Humans must review every tool-generated dimension, quantity, and checking conclusion before use and retain review trails.

Remaining responsibilities | Matters that must not be released automatically: whether subfloors are ready for installation, materials are suitable, seams and edge finishing meet specifications, completed work meets acceptance standards, and confirmation of changes and additional costs. Tool outputs do not establish acceptance or authorization decisions.

Failure risks | Unreviewed tool outputs may directly cause quantity and procurement errors, cutting waste, inaccurate schedule estimates, or execution of unconfirmed dimensions and methods as established plans, leading to rework, failed acceptance, and cost overruns. Before implementation, specify who reviews and which original materials support review.

Employment evidence boundaries | Distinguish statistical scopes for this occupation’s employment and wage data: U.S. O*NET and BLS figures are estimates under specific definitions and cannot directly establish mainland Chinese or other regional values; Chinese industry-sector average wages are background proxies, not occupational wage conclusions. Every generated item must trace back to original inputs and sources; fluent wording is not evidence of correctness.

Practical response | First introduce digital tools into low-risk steps that allow rollback and auditing (such as records and photo archiving or trial quantity calculations), subject to site measurements and foreperson confirmation. Use errors and rework to decide whether to expand; safety and quality judgments always retain human signing.

Cross-market scope boundaries | Mainland China and the United States have different industry and occupational classifications: mainland China publishes urban unit employee average wages by national economic industry sector, without listing this occupation separately; the United States estimates by SOC occupation and industry. Do not combine or convert the two, or substitute industry averages for occupational wages.

Insufficient evidence: a public occupational wage value precisely matching “Floor Layers, Except Carpet, Wood, and Hard Tiles” has not been established in mainland China; industry averages, recruitment quotes, or third-party estimates do not fill the gap.

Mainland China wage evidence review points | This page only provides statistical scopes, industry background proxies, and visible gaps, without estimated occupational pay. Before using any figure, confirm comparability of its statistical scope (industry sector/occupation), period, units, and covered population.

U.S. wage evidence review points | U.S. figures come from BLS OEWS May 2025 and BLS 2024—2034 employment projections (presented through O*NET). Check occupational scope (SOC 47-2042), whether overtime and benefits are included (OEWS excludes them), and whether figures are national rather than regional or employer-specific.

Mainland China wage evidence—market scope | The National Bureau of Statistics publishes urban unit employee average wages by industry sector, using a national urban unit scope without occupational breakdowns. Construction and manufacturing averages only provide background for this occupation’s field and cannot substitute for occupational wages.

Insufficient evidence: a verifiable mainland Chinese occupational median wage for floor layers was not obtained; industry-sector averages do not fill the gap.

Mainland China wage evidence—statistical period | Industry-average wages use an annual scope (the following values are for 2025, published in 2026), differing from U.S. May 2025 wages on this page. Do not mix the periods.

Cross-market scope boundaries | Mainland Chinese industry-average wages and U.S. occupational wages differ in statistical subjects, periods, and definitions. This page lists them separately with limitations, without exchange-rate conversion or treating industry averages as occupational wages.

Mainland China wage evidence—measurement units | The National Bureau of Statistics publishes annual average wages in “CNY per year,” using wages before tax (including withheld personal income tax and employee contributions to social insurance and housing provident funds). U.S. OEWS publishes “USD per hour” or “USD per year,” excluding overtime, bonuses, and benefits. Units and included components differ, preventing direct comparison.

Insufficient evidence: verifiable mainland Chinese floor-layer wage data by region or employment arrangement were not obtained; individual quotes or secondhand accounts do not fill the gap.

Mainland China wage evidence—covered population | Urban non-private units cover employees of non-private legal entities in urban areas; urban private units cover private unit employees. Neither covers self-employment, occasional contracting, or labor arrangements common in construction. Income differs substantially across this occupation’s employment arrangements, which public statistics cannot readily cover.

U.S. wage evidence—market scope | BLS OEWS uses sample survey estimates representing employer-reported wages, excluding self-employment. The median is the distribution midpoint, not starting wages or the level of any region or employer.

U.S. wage evidence—statistical period | Wages use May 2025 OEWS; employment, growth, and openings use 2024—2034 employment projections. The two programs have different reference times and must not be mixed into conclusions for one point in time.

U.S. wage evidence—measurement units | Published in “USD per hour” and “USD per year”; annual mean wages are converted on a full-year, full-time basis. Converting hourly and annual values does not establish actual individual income, which also depends on hours, overtime, and seasonality.

U.S. wage evidence—covered population | Covers employees reported by nonfarm institutional employers, excluding self-employment, some agricultural roles, and unreported cash-paid work. Independent contracting and daily-paid casual work common in construction and renovation are difficult to cover fully.

U.S. wage evidence—occupational scope | Figures correspond to SOC 47-2042 (Floor Layers, Except Carpet, Wood, and Hard Tiles), excluding carpet installation (47-2041), wood floor installation, and hard tile/stone installation (47-2044). Do not mix wages across occupations.

U.S. wage evidence—sampling and missing-data limitations | OEWS provides sample estimates with sampling error; industry and regional subdivisions may have missing or unreliable estimates. Occupational industry wages readable by industry were not obtained for this page and are recorded as a visible gap; industry averages or third-party estimates do not fill it.

Conclusion | The core distinction between this occupation (Floor Layers, Except Carpet, Wood, and Hard Tiles) and adjacent occupations is “materials and processes,” rather than “whether they install floors.” This occupation mainly uses resilient sheets and panels, linoleum, cork, rubber, and other coverings, emphasizing expansion/contraction, seam methods, adhesive open time, and rolling. Carpet, wood floors, tiles, and stone each have distinct properties, tools, and acceptance standards; judgments and signing powers must not carry across trades.

Evidence explanation | Comparison subjects below come from O*NET occupational classifications and publicly available materials on sale, helping distinguish adjacent trades’ work and choices about fit, without qualification, hiring, or pay conclusions. Check each occupation’s wages and employment separately under its own SOC scope; this table provides no numerical comparisons or wage proxies across trades.

Preface | Comparisons use four columns: “career direction—core work and outputs—key distinction—choices it better suits.” Adjacent trades have process dependencies (for example, subfloor treatment and leveling, or wood floor sanding and coating, often occur sequentially at one site), but coordination does not mean interchangeability. Changing directions requires relearning processes, specifications, and acceptance standards.

Subfloors and completed dimensions are critical: errors in judging subfloor flatness, moisture, or hollow areas directly affect completed work; seams and edge finishing are acceptance priorities.

Better suits people willing to carefully control process parameters under material instructions, accept physical demands, dust, and adhesive odors, and attend to completed appearance and dimensional deviations.

Outputs are complete floor coverings with finished seams and edges: subfloor checks and treatment, chalk lines and trial laying, cutting, joining and installation, edge finishing and transitions, cleaning, and self-check records.

This occupation: Floor Layers, Except Carpet, Wood, and Hard Tiles

Cutting, patterned assembly, and securing soft carpet materials are critical: seam methods, bonding, and stretching differ substantially from resilient materials; completed work emphasizes underfoot feel and decorative patterns.

Better suits people who prefer soft materials and patterned assembly and are willing to handle large-area cutting and seams; those less interested in resilient material expansion/contraction and welded seams can choose this direction.

Outputs are carpet coverings: cutting and patterned assembly, seams and securing, stair and doorway edge finishing, cleaning, and acceptance records.

Carpet Installers

Cutting, leveling, and filling joints in hard units are critical: predominantly wet processes using cement-based materials or adhesives, with stricter subfloor strength and hollow-area controls and different tool/protection requirements.

Better suits people who accept wet processes and cutting dust and carefully control hollow areas and joint appearance; those uncomfortable with wet processes are better suited to resilient materials.

Outputs are tile and stone surfaces: layout and cutting, installation and leveling, joint filling and pointing, protection of completed work, and acceptance records.

Tile and Stone Setters

Sanding, filling joints, and coating wood surfaces are critical: delivery is a flat, coated wood surface, involving coating and curing and differing from this occupation’s material systems and acceptance metrics.

Better suits people patient with surface treatment and coating results and willing to accept environments involving volatile coatings; those with high standards for color difference and gloss control can choose this direction.

Outputs are flat, coated wood surfaces: sanding and dust removal, joint filling, coating and curing, and final acceptance records.

Floor Sanders and Finishers

Pouring, leveling, and finishing cement-based materials are critical: outputs are leveling layers or finished subfloors preceding installation, involving wet materials rather than coverings.

Better suits people who accept wet work and substantial physical demands and provide acceptable subfloors for others’ processes; those pursuing finished appearance details are better suited to installation.

Outputs are leveling or finished subfloors: cleaning and wetting, mixing and pouring, leveling and finishing, curing, and flatness records.

Cement Masons and Concrete Finishers

Fabricating and installing wood elements are critical: outputs are frames, doors, windows, cabinets, and wood elements. This occupation only installs coverings afterward, without wood fabrication or structural responsibilities.

Better suits people willing to learn wood fabrication and dimensional fitting and take responsibility for element precision; those wanting only floor surface work suit this occupation.

Outputs are wood elements and installations: measurement and layout, fabrication and assembly, installation and adjustment, and completed-work and safety records.

Carpenters

Transition | This page places adjacent trades alongside one another by materials and processes to help you decide which craft to pursue long-term. Whichever direction you choose, readiness depends on understanding material instructions and acceptance specifications, site measurements and audit trails, and passing practical assessments recognized by employers or forepersons. Interest questionnaires only raise questions.

New apprentices and helpers

Use tools for supporting steps that allow rollback: material lists and photo archiving, trial area and quantity calculations, and self-check record organization. All dimensions and methods follow site measurements and foreperson confirmation.

Frontline floor layers

Use digital tools for progress and material records, drawing/specification lookup, and waste/leftover registration; personally complete subfloor judgments, seam and edge-finishing methods, and final self-checks.

Forepersons and team leaders

Use tools for scheduling, staffing and material plans, and tracking checklists and corrections; review process handovers and quality signing on site with audit trails, without direct release based on tool outputs.

Technical, quality inspection, materials, and sales roles

Use tools for document organization, quote/specification comparisons, and training material drafts; humans confirm suitability and compliance under product instructions and specifications.

Editorial analysis: O*NET tasks can inform site installation and dimensional judgments; authorized calculations, material lists, and record organization are trial candidates. No occupational generative AI exposure level, adoption, or job impact measurements have been obtained.

O*NET Floor Layers, Except Carpet, Wood, and Hard Tiles detailed information

Occupational tasks, context, interests, and preparation level; not business adoption rates or sources of law or qualification law

BLS Employment Projections (2024—2034)

Overall employment projections and average annual openings; not AI attribution or individual hiring probability

BLS Occupational Employment and Wages news release (OEWS May 2025)

OEWS wage releases; do not establish qualifications, projections, or AI attribution

ILO Future of Work (generative AI and employment) topic

Cross-occupation AI task-exposure research; not measured adoption or effects in this occupation

NIST Artificial Intelligence Risk Management Framework (AI RMF 1.0)

Voluntary AI risk governance framework; not industry qualification, hygiene, information protection, or employment law

O*NET Floor Layers, Except Carpet, Wood, and Hard Tiles occupational scope

Occupational tasks, context, interests, and preparation level; not business adoption rates or sources of law or qualification law

O*NET Floor Layers, Except Carpet, Wood, and Hard Tiles hot technologies

Technology requirements in job advertisements; not site adoption or effects

Tool candidates for adjacent processes are editorial analysis; acceleration or replacement has not been measured. Check processes and authorization separately.

Editorial candidates: tools may accelerate area and quantity estimates, material layout and waste calculations, and progress/checking record drafts; occupational effects or adoption have not been measured.

Site subfloor judgments, material and process parameter choices, final acceptance, and quality signing

Editorial candidates: tools may assist drawing/specification lookup and comparison and photo/document archiving; occupational effects or adoption have not been measured.

Site dimensional measurements, seam and edge-finishing methods, and process handover confirmation

Editorial candidates: tools may generate quote/specification comparison drafts, training materials, and self-check templates; occupational effects or adoption have not been measured.

Material suitability judgments, rework/change confirmation, and safety/compliance responsibilities

Evidence preface | Citation rules: only cite sources supporting this page’s claims; specify jurisdiction, period, and statistical scope. General research mainly covering broad occupational groups must not establish individual job changes in this occupation. Technology lists do not establish adoption; sources cannot replace site measurements and acceptance specifications.

Occupational description, not an automation risk assessment

O*NET 47-2042.00 detailed information

Work context shows manual operations 89% continually or almost continually; this is not the share of working hours for all tasks.

A site task directory does not establish measured replaceability by remote tools; trial and review specific candidates.

OEWS measures employed workers’ wages before tax for regular working hours, including commissions, incentive pay, production bonuses, and tips; it excludes overtime premiums, nonproduction bonuses, and employer benefit costs, and does not cover self-employed workers. Regional and industry differences are reflected in the wage distribution and cannot be characterized as excluded.

BLS OEWS（May 2025）

U.S. wage and employment sample estimates for a reference point

Wage and employment scopes are tied to U.S. occupational classifications and must be listed separately from projection scopes

Do not extrapolate to job outcomes at specific companies or for individuals

ILO Future of Work and generative AI research

Research on potential task exposure across occupations, not empirical measurements for this occupation.

Task exposure only indicates potential technological reach into tasks, not job reductions

Not construction safety or quality acceptance standards

NIST AI RMF 1.0

General AI risk governance framework

Digital tool adoption requires clear responsibility, data arrangements, and fallback plans

Projections are not actual recruitment counts

BLS Employment Projections methodology

Projections include growth and replacement demand

Current BLS 2025—2035 average annual openings for this occupation are 2200, including growth and replacement demand; neither a ten-year total nor average annual net new jobs.

Technical feasibility: technology may reach a task, which is only a feasibility judgment, not permission to use it or organizational adoption.

Institutional adoption: introduction depends on specifications, product instructions, employer policies, and acceptance requirements; tools cannot transfer construction quality and safety responsibilities.

Job outcomes: whether task changes increase or reduce jobs depends on demand, schedules, employment structure, and regional markets; do not infer them directly from technical feasibility.

No disappearance date or replacement measurement has been obtained for this occupation. Editorial suggestion: test errors and rework in authorized calculations and record organization; no promise of continued existence in the short term.

O*NET 47-2042.00 (tasks and work context)

O*NET lists CAD, database, inventory, and project software; lists do not establish adoption at local sites, and measurement equipment is not categorically generative AI.

BLS Employment Projections (scope explanation)

Material and process judgments, site measurements and deviation responses, seam and edge-finishing experience, face-to-face communication with coworkers and forepersons, and maintaining quality and safety under deadline pressure.

BLS OEWS (wage and employment scopes)

Precisely matched Chinese occupational wage, employment, or adoption data were not obtained in this round; industry averages only provide background, without establishing that statistics do not exist.

ILO Future of Work research (task-exposure mechanisms)

First specify who reviews tool outputs, which original materials support review, and fallback methods for errors, and check product instructions and acceptance specifications. Tools must not automatically release high-impact judgments or quality sign-offs.

NIST AI RMF (governance principles)

Limit purposes and retention for material/contract documents, client/project information, and measurement/acceptance records; do not upload unauthorized drawings, client information, or contract data to external services.

O*NET occupational scope (boundaries)

Judge using three evidence layers: technical feasibility, institutional adoption, and job outcomes, alongside local construction cycles, trade coordination, and employment arrangements, rather than tool demonstrations alone.

O*NET hot technologies (related tool list)

The following are editorial review suggestions; check actual safety, quality, and signing responsibilities by project and jurisdiction.

Safety condition judgments: site personnel judge safe conditions for scaffolding, temporary electricity, material stacking, and adhesive storage; tools do not establish safety.

Dimensional and quality correctness: humans must review areas, quantities, and seam dimensions before procurement or construction, checking original measurements and drawings.

Site execution and process control: site personnel perform subfloor treatment, adhesive open-time control, rolling, and edge finishing under product instructions.

Truthful, traceable records: checking and acceptance records must reflect actual processes; do not use tools to generate unverified records or retrospective signatures.

Escalation and signing: forepersons or project managers must confirm changes, rework, additional costs, and quality release decisions with audit trails.

Estimation errors cause surplus or insufficient materials, cost overruns, and unclear responsibility

Review against site measurements and drawings, identify the reviewer, and retain audit trails

Skipped subfloor flatness, moisture, and hollow-area judgments cause completed-work rework

Measure and record subfloor checks on site; templates only provide record formats

Client information, drawings, and contract data may be improperly disclosed or altered

Limit purposes and retention; do not upload sensitive materials to external services

Inaccurate quality and safety records affect acceptance and accountability

Records must reflect actual construction processes; unverified generated records are prohibited

Quality or safety incidents leave responsibilities unclear

Before tool adoption, identify review and signing responsibilities and retain audit trails

Site measurement judgments; tools only support records

Subfloor checking and treatment record organization

Editorial candidate: applications or spreadsheets may organize records; site personnel perform measurements and judgments. Occupational effects or adoption have not been measured.

Check subfloor flatness, moisture, and cleanliness and record results

Site measurements and review; tools only perform trial calculations

Area measurement and quantity calculation

Editorial candidate: calculation tools may accelerate work, with site review of results; occupational effects or adoption have not been measured.

Measure room dimensions and calculate area and material waste

Site measurement and layout rely on experience

Chalk lines and layout

Editorial candidate: layout aids may improve efficiency, with human judgment; occupational effects or adoption have not been measured.

Determine starting reference lines and installation direction from drawings

Manual and tool operations; humans control precision

Material cutting and seams

Editorial candidate: cutting and grooving equipment are conventional tools, not AI replacement; occupational effects or adoption have not been measured.

Cut to dimensions and control seams and staggering

Site personnel execute process parameters and manual work

Installation and rolling

Editorial candidate: generally does not involve generative AI; occupational effects or adoption have not been measured.

Use adhesives under instructions and complete rolling

Relies on experience and manual work; humans judge quality

Seam welding, edge finishing, and transitions

Editorial candidate: generally does not involve generative AI; occupational effects or adoption have not been measured.

Heat-weld resilient sheet seams and finish wall edges and doorways

Site confirmation and communication; humans bear responsibility

Protection and handover of completed work

Editorial candidate: checklist tools may assist handover records; occupational effects or adoption have not been measured.

Cover and protect work, hand over to other trades, and retain audit trails

Editorial suggestion: trial tools for authorized calculations and record organization, measuring errors and rework; no promise of lighter administrative work or improved efficiency.

This table is for Chinese recruitment samples; no announcements have been obtained, and U.S. wages, employment, or projections do not fill the gap.

Insufficient evidence: verifiable Chinese recruitment sample figures for this occupation were not obtained in this round.

This table is for Chinese recruitment samples; no announcements have been obtained, and U.S. wages, employment, or projections do not fill the gap.

Insufficient evidence: verifiable Chinese recruitment sample figures for this occupation were not obtained in this round.

This table is for Chinese recruitment samples; no announcements have been obtained, and U.S. wages, employment, or projections do not fill the gap.

Insufficient evidence: verifiable Chinese recruitment sample figures for this occupation were not obtained in this round.

This table is for Chinese recruitment samples; no announcements have been obtained, and U.S. wages, employment, or projections do not fill the gap.

Insufficient evidence: verifiable Chinese recruitment sample figures for this occupation were not obtained in this round.

This table is for Chinese recruitment samples; no announcements have been obtained, and U.S. wages, employment, or projections do not fill the gap.

Insufficient evidence: verifiable Chinese recruitment sample figures for this occupation were not obtained in this round.

This table is for Chinese recruitment samples; no announcements have been obtained, and U.S. wages, employment, or projections do not fill the gap.

Insufficient evidence: verifiable Chinese recruitment sample figures for this occupation were not obtained in this round.

This table is for Chinese recruitment samples; no announcements have been obtained, and U.S. wages, employment, or projections do not fill the gap.

Editorial suggestion: trial authorized area calculations, material lists, or photo archiving with review; empirical measurements of AI adoption, income, or demand effects in this occupation have not been obtained.

Keep Chinese recruitment samples and industry wages separate from precisely matched U.S. occupational data. National Bureau of Statistics data represent average annual wages before tax for employees in urban units. Total wages include labor remuneration under statistical rules and cannot be characterized as excluding all bonuses, allowances, or overtime payments. National, industry, and job-group averages cannot substitute for individual income in this occupation or pay quotes in specific employment contracts.

Junior secondary education or less

Helpers and laborers (material handling, site cleaning, protection of completed work)

Explore supporting work or apprenticeships; check education and supervision conditions against target announcements. Predominant Chinese thresholds have not been obtained.

High school or secondary vocational education

Installation apprentices and junior floor layers

Explore installation and team leadership; education does not automatically confer complex process, quality signing, or specialist operating powers.

Junior college (building decoration or materials-related majors)

Technicians, quality inspectors, materials and technical support

Technical, quality inspection, and materials support are editorial exploration; check experience, qualifications, and authorization by responsibilities, without promises of educational advantages or automatic transitions.

Bachelor’s degree or above

Construction management, project management, materials and sales

Project, materials, or construction management are transition exploration; check specific qualifications, experience, and recruitment conditions separately.

Building decoration and renovation projects

Editorial checking direction: check demand against local projects, material systems, and schedules; Chinese occupational demand or sustained growth has not been measured.

Residential and commercial property renovation and maintenance

Editorial checking direction: check demand against local projects, material systems, and schedules; Chinese occupational demand or sustained growth has not been measured.

Material manufacturing, sales, and distribution

Material manufacturing, distribution, and technical support are transition exploration, not precisely matched installation occupational wages or job demand.

National Bureau of Statistics: average wages of employees in urban units (statistical publication index) | https://www.stats.gov.cn/xxgk/sjfb/zxfb2020/

Occupational name comparison | Floor Layers, Except Carpet, Wood, and Hard Tiles (often called floor installers, resilient floor layers, or floor workers in industry and recruitment)

Insufficient evidence: precisely matched Chinese occupational wage and employment statistics were not obtained in this round; this does not establish that statistics do not exist.

National Bureau of Statistics data represent average annual wages before tax for employees in urban units. Total wages include labor remuneration under statistical rules and cannot be characterized as excluding all bonuses, allowances, or overtime payments. National, industry, and job-group averages cannot substitute for individual income in this occupation or pay quotes in specific employment contracts.

National Bureau of Statistics: explanation of statistical scope for average wages of employees in urban units | https://www.stats.gov.cn/sj/zxfb/

Check working hours, piece-rate or contract settlement, tool/material costs, accommodation/meals/transport, and responsibilities in target contracts; no national samples of employment arrangements or income components have been obtained.

First-tier cities (Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen)

Insufficient evidence: mainland Chinese monthly wages for this occupation verifiable by city or region were not obtained; recruitment quotes, industry averages, or secondhand accounts do not fill the gap.

Other provincial capitals and regional centers

Insufficient evidence: mainland Chinese monthly wages for this occupation verifiable by city or region were not obtained; recruitment quotes, industry averages, or secondhand accounts do not fill the gap.

Counties and lower-tier markets

Insufficient evidence: mainland Chinese monthly wages for this occupation verifiable by city or region were not obtained; recruitment quotes, industry averages, or secondhand accounts do not fill the gap.

Classification comparison | U.S. SOC 47-2042 / O*NET-SOC 47-2042.00 covers floor layers installing block, strip, and sheet coverings for shock absorption, sound insulation, or decoration (excluding carpet, wood floors, and hard tile/stone). Mainland China uses national economic industry classifications and building decoration/renovation trade management; classifications and statistical scopes differ, without numerical conversion.

Explanation of U.S. BLS and O*NET statistical scope | https://www.bls.gov/oes/

Current U.S. 2025—2035 growth 9%, average annual openings 2200; neither Chinese demand nor actual recruitment.

USMay2025 median 56460 USD per year, 27.15 USD per hour; U.S. background only.

Percentile 10: USD 37,600 per year (2025, BLS OEWS)

Scope | U.S. national wage distribution’s lower decile. Boundary | Usually corresponds to less experienced workers or shorter working hours, not entry-level starting wages.

Percentile 25: USD 45,660 per year (2025, BLS OEWS)

Scope | U.S. national wage distribution’s lower quartile. Boundary | Lower distribution segment, with substantial regional/employer differences.

Percentile 75: USD 73,840 per year (2025, BLS OEWS)

Scope | U.S. national wage distribution’s upper quartile. Boundary | Usually corresponds to longer experience, specialist skills, or high-cost regions, not all senior workers.

Percentile 90: USD 96,700 per year (2025, BLS OEWS)

Scope | U.S. national wage distribution’s upper decile. Boundary | Affected by a few high-paying regions and job structures, with limited individual attainability.

Employment 33,700 people (2024, BLS employment projection base year, presented through O*NET)

Employment · Employment scale | Original 2024 record of approximately 33700 is historical. Statistical scope | Current 2025 value is 29800; projections include self-employment and unpaid family work, differing from OEWS employed-worker statistics.

Growth 7% or higher (2024—2034, BLS projections, presented through O*NET)

Scope | U.S. employment projection growth category (much faster than average). Boundary | Growth categories are not absolute job counts and do not apply to other jurisdictions.

Original record 2700 (historical; see explanation of original unit error)

Employment · Job openings | The original version’s unit for 2700 has not been obtained again. Scope | Magnitude cannot justify claiming a ten-year total. Current BLS2025—2035 annual average 2200 is not net new jobs; net growth of approximately 2700 is a separate metric.

US47-2042: May2025 median 56460 USD per year, 27.15 USD per hour; 2025 employment 29800, 2025—2035 growth 9%, average annual openings 2200. Older projections remain protected in shared content with local historical explanations; 10/25/75/90 percentiles 37600/45660/73840/96700 were not obtained again in this round and are not filled with combined-occupation percentiles.

US47-2042: May2025 median 56460 USD per year, 27.15 USD per hour; 2025 employment 29800, 2025—2035 growth 9%, average annual openings 2200. The median is not starting wages; distributions do not establish income causation from experience, region, or self-employment.

Check quotes and living costs against target regions and contracts; regional net-income comparisons have not been obtained.

Region and cost of living

Check actual materials/processes, experience, hours, and contract conditions; their within-occupation causal effects on income ceilings have not been measured.

Experience and proficiency

Employment, labor subcontracting, and individual contracting have different income structures; self-employed income requires deducting material, tool, vehicle, and other costs.

Employment arrangement and self-employment

Current 2025—2035 growth 9%, average annual openings 2200; original 2024—2034 records are historical, without AI attribution.

Construction

Insufficient evidence: an industry median wage readable for this occupation was not obtained in this round; industry averages or third-party estimates do not fill the gap.

Precisely matched occupational industry medians were not obtained in this round; BLSOOH construction, contractor, and manufacturing industry wages belong to combined occupation 47-2040 and cannot fill 47-2042. Check demand and recruitment separately.

Residential and commercial renovation and maintenance

Insufficient evidence: an industry median wage readable for this occupation was not obtained in this round; industry averages or third-party estimates do not fill the gap.

Precisely matched occupational industry medians were not obtained in this round; BLSOOH construction, contractor, and manufacturing industry wages belong to combined occupation 47-2040 and cannot fill 47-2042. Check demand and recruitment separately.

Manufacturing and distribution (materials and products)

Insufficient evidence: an industry median wage readable for this occupation was not obtained in this round; industry averages or third-party estimates do not fill the gap.

Precisely matched occupational industry medians were not obtained in this round; BLSOOH construction, contractor, and manufacturing industry wages belong to combined occupation 47-2040 and cannot fill 47-2042. Check demand and recruitment separately.

Public buildings and institutional facilities (schools, hospitals, offices)

Insufficient evidence: an industry median wage readable for this occupation was not obtained in this round; industry averages or third-party estimates do not fill the gap.

Precisely matched occupational industry medians were not obtained in this round; BLSOOH construction, contractor, and manufacturing industry wages belong to combined occupation 47-2040 and cannot fill 47-2042. Check demand and recruitment separately.

The median is not starting wages or an individual contract; original percentiles were not obtained again in this round, and distributions cannot establish experience or regional causation.

OEWS measures employed workers’ wages before tax for regular working hours, including commissions, incentive pay, production bonuses, and tips; it excludes overtime premiums, nonproduction bonuses, and employer benefit costs, and does not cover self-employed workers. Regional and industry differences are reflected in the wage distribution and cannot be characterized as excluded.

Keep wages separate from projections; original percentile records need further source checking, and causal effects of skills or team leadership on income ceilings have not been measured.

Use suggestion: consider medians, percentiles, and employment together and check local markets and target employers; no single figure establishes individual pay.

Median annual wage USD 56,460 (2025, BLS OEWS presented through O*NET; median hourly wage USD 27.15)

Positions in wage statistics are not entry-level ranks, experience, or promotion stages; check individual contracts and working hours separately. Original percentiles were not obtained again in this round.

Positions in wage statistics are not entry-level ranks, experience, or promotion stages; check individual contracts and working hours separately. Original percentiles were not obtained again in this round.

Positions in wage statistics are not entry-level ranks, experience, or promotion stages; check individual contracts and working hours separately. Original percentiles were not obtained again in this round.

Holland (RIASEC) | Helps understand your relative Realistic and Conventional preferences. This occupation’s O*NET interest code is RC (Realistic—Conventional), corresponding to hands-on operations and procedural work. Questionnaires only raise questions, without judging fit or readiness to work.

Evidence level | Medium: the interest code comes from O*NET practitioner and occupational analysis, but individual scores do not correspond one-to-one with occupational codes.

If you strongly reject physical labor and dusty sites, high interest questionnaire scores cannot change these real costs.

Editorial suggestion: observe work samples involving material/dimension reviews and reporting under pressure; this page has not validated Big Five predictive validity for performance in this occupation.

Occupational predictive validity not validated

Do not use “a personality assessment says I do not fit” as grounds to give up or avoid entry; use site experience and practical assessments.

Understanding the interest code: RC combines Realistic (hands-on work, tools and materials, physical activity) and Conventional (organizing work under procedures and standards); it helps understand task preferences, without predicting performance.

MBTI | Typology supports reflection on communication preferences; this occupation requires face-to-face confirmation of dimensions and progress within teams, and preferences do not determine competence.

Interest experience: enjoying hands-on site work with visible outputs, willingly working carefully to dimensions and specifications, and finding satisfaction in transforming damaged or unfinished floors into flat, attractive surfaces.

Evidence level | Low: MBTI is not an occupational qualification or ability assessment tool and must not determine employment decisions.

RC

Realistic—Conventional

Use types only as communication references, without inferring whether you or others can perform installation well.

Enneagram | Helps observe your responses under pressure; pausing and reporting deviations or rework as required matters more than type labels.

Evidence level | Low: a self-exploration tool, not occupational ability or fit conclusions.

Do not explain quality or safety failures with type labels; return to whether processes, tools, and authorization were in place.

Keep general cognitive tests separate from spatial or process work samples; this page has not validated occupational predictive validity or relative importance of abilities.

Occupational predictive validity not validated

High or low scores do not establish whether you can learn installation; check through practical exercises and outputs.

Team communication samples can support reflection; this page has not validated emotional intelligence predictive validity for safety or performance.

Evidence level | Low: emotional intelligence assessment results are self-reports, not hiring or performance conclusions.

Emotional abilities can improve through site experience and deliberate practice; assessment scores need not limit you.

Boundary | Assessments and direction comparisons on this page only support self-questioning and exploration; they do not constitute hiring criteria, ability scores, practice qualification judgments, or construction quality/safety conclusions. Entry depends on employer recruitment conditions, on-the-job training and assessments, and local regulations and specifications.

Interests can support exploration; record experiences through authorized, supervised observation or simulated samples. A single task has not been validated as the most reliable method or a predictor of fit.

Carpet installers | Outputs center on cutting, patterned assembly, and securing soft carpet materials: cutting and patterned assembly, seams and securing, stair and doorway edge finishing

Have soft material cutting and seam skills, accept pattern and assembly work, and perform stretching and securing under specifications

This direction is not recommended as a first choice if you do not want large-area soft material cutting and seams or have little interest in patterned assembly.

Tile and stone setters | Outputs center on cutting, leveling, and joint filling in hard units: layout and cutting, installation and leveling, joint filling and pointing

Have wet-process and cutting skills and strictly control hollow areas and joint appearance

This direction is not recommended if you cannot accept wet processes, cutting dust, and stricter hollow-area controls.

Floor sanders and finishers | Outputs center on sanding, joint filling, and coating wood surfaces: sanding and dust removal, joint filling, coating and curing

Have surface treatment and coating skills and control color differences and gloss

This direction is not recommended if you cannot accept volatile coating environments and longer curing waits.

Cement masons and concrete finishers | Outputs center on pouring, leveling, and finishing cement-based materials: subfloor cleaning, mixing and pouring, leveling, finishing, and curing

Tolerate wet work and substantial physical demands

This direction is not recommended if physical or wet-work tolerance is limited or you prefer finished appearance details.

Floor Layers, Except Carpet, Wood, and Hard Tiles | Outputs center on resilient/soft covering installation and finished seams/edges: subfloor treatment, chalk lines and trial laying, cutting and seams, edge finishing and transitions, and self-checks

Have material and process parameter control skills and accept physical demands, dust, and adhesive odors

This occupation is not recommended if you will not carefully control processes under material instructions or are insensitive to completed dimensional and appearance deviations.

Carpenters | Outputs center on wood element fabrication and installation: measurement and layout, fabrication and assembly, installation and adjustment

Have wood fabrication and dimensional fitting skills and take responsibility for element precision

This direction is not recommended if you only want floor surface work and do not want to learn wood element fabrication and fitting.

What personalities fit? This occupation values willingness to work hands-on, patience, and procedural awareness more than a particular personality type; O*NET’s RC (Realistic—Conventional) interest code can start exploration.

Introversion labels do not determine readiness to work; O*NET face-to-face discussions 99% daily do not justify claiming low social intensity. Observe actual communication responsibilities.

What should you prepare before entry? Understand real site rhythms (physical demands, dust and adhesive odors, deadline pressure), and prepare basic safety knowledge and tool skills; begin as a helper or apprentice if appropriate.

Time pressure 53% more than once a week but not daily; this category does not represent the probability of all time pressure.

Are there physical requirements? Prolonged standing, kneeling, crouching, bending, and material handling are required. Specific medical examination and employment conditions follow employers and local regulations; this page provides no medical examination conclusions.

U.S. O*NET occupational education survey: 90% high school / 6% less than high school / 4% postsecondary certificate; typical BLS entry requires no formal education. JobZone1—2 describes general preparation, not a uniform Chinese threshold.

Can long-term work harm the body? Long-term kneeling, crouching, bending, and dust exposure are real costs; use protective equipment, ensure ventilation and work breaks, and follow safety procedures.

Career duration and transitions? Progress from apprentice to proficient installer, team leader, or foreperson, or move toward quality inspection, materials and sales, or construction management; changing directions requires relearning processes and specifications.

USJobZone1—2, RC, education 90/6/4; typical BLS entry requires no formal education, while some apprenticeships may require high school. Check Chinese recruitment, qualifications, and specialist operations separately by actual announcements and jurisdiction.

How can you check fit? Try a real small installation task: can you meet dimensions and specifications, accept physical demands and site conditions, and correct rework as required?

Fit signals: willingly complete visible outputs through hands-on site work, work carefully to dimensions and specifications, and discuss progress and problems face to face within teams.

Caution signals: difficulty accepting physical demands, dust, adhesive odors, or deadline pressure, or limited patience with dimensional and appearance details.

Checking suggestion: first try a simulated or real small-area installation task to check physical tolerance, process learning pace, and willingness to correct issues before long-term commitment.

Occupational tasks, context, interests, and preparation level; not business adoption rates or sources of law or qualification law

Occupational tasks, context, interests, and preparation level; not business adoption rates or sources of law or qualification law

Occupational tasks, context, interests, and preparation level; not business adoption rates or sources of law or qualification law

U.S. course search; does not establish uniform training durations or education thresholds

U.S. certification search; not a uniform Chinese license

OEWS wage distribution and statistical scope; not employment projections or qualification law

Overall employment projections and average annual openings; not AI attribution or individual hiring probability

U.S. combined-occupation description; precisely matched occupational medians and projection rows can be listed separately, while combined industry wages and percentiles cannot fill exact occupational data; not Chinese qualification law

Boundary | This page lists relatively common failure types and controls in site work to help recognize and manage risks; it does not constitute legal, safety, medical, or contract advice. Employers, project managers, and relevant authorities handle structural safety, fire safety, personal injury, and contract disputes under regulations and contracts.

Editorial checking directions include subfloor/material suitability, documents, changes, specialist operating powers, and process handovers; incident rates or consequence rankings have not been measured.

O*NET time pressure 53% weekly rather than daily, hazardous equipment 12% yearly rather than monthly, contaminants 11% monthly rather than weekly; others’ safety 41% moderate responsibility. Each is a corresponding response category, not an incident rate. Occupational information and NIST do not provide complete construction, contract, information protection, or qualification law; cards are editorial checking suggestions.

Owners and users; construction teams and forepersons

Temporary verbal changes to materials or methods without written confirmation leave settlement/rework responsibilities unclear and may cause cost disputes

Require written confirmation of every change and note effects on schedules, materials, and costs; forepersons or project managers confirm change records before project archiving

Scenario | An owner verbally requests changed materials or methods during construction; the team complies without written confirmation.

Construction teams and quality inspectors; owners and subsequent users

Missing construction/acceptance records, mixed versions, or false retrospective entries prevent quality tracing, impede accountability, and affect acceptance

Record under versions valid for the shift, promptly archive checklists and photographs, and reflect actual construction processes; false retrospective entries are prohibited

Scenario | Multiple teams work in parallel, with checking and acceptance records held by individuals without unified versions or archiving.

Clients and project parties; contractors

Project drawings, client information, or contract data used beyond scope or disclosed externally expose private/commercial information and create compliance/contract risks

Check document purposes, access, and archiving under authorization, contracts, and information security rules; do not upload to external tools without permission. Follow actual requirements for return or retention on leaving, without universal destruction rules.

Scenario | For convenient communication, photographs containing client information and drawings are sent through personal social tools or external cloud storage.

Construction teams; owners and subsequent users

Handling structural, utility, fire, or waterproofing problems beyond actual qualifications or project authorization may create responsibility disputes; O*NET task directories cannot establish licenses in every jurisdiction or classify all subfloor crack treatment as exceeding boundaries.

Clarify this occupation’s process boundaries and transfer specialist processes to corresponding trades and responsible parties; pause and report when site conditions fail installation requirements

Scenario | The subfloor has cracks or waterproofing problems; the team independently treats them and continues installation to meet the deadline.

Construction teams; project progress

Working alone without cooperation or review at process interfaces delays discovery of quality problems and increases material handling/tool accident risks

Provide cooperation and safety supervision as required, arrange review of critical processes, and obtain foreperson confirmation at handovers before proceeding

Scenario | A person works alone at night without supervision for handling materials and using tools, leaving anomalies unreviewed.

Construction teams; adjacent trades and general contractors

Unclear delivery conditions and acceptance standards with adjacent trades cause blame shifting, rework, delays, and unclear responsibilities

Before entry, specify subfloor handover conditions, protection responsibilities, and acceptance points; confirm handovers in writing or traceable records

Scenario | Handover to adjacent trades leaves subfloor conditions and completed-work protection responsibilities unclear, leading to mutual accusations.

Occupational tasks, context, interests, and preparation level; not business adoption rates or sources of law or qualification law

Occupational tasks, context, interests, and preparation level; not business adoption rates or sources of law or qualification law

OEWS wage distribution and statistical scope; not employment projections or qualification law

Overall employment projections and average annual openings; not AI attribution or individual hiring probability

Voluntary AI risk governance framework; not industry qualification, hygiene, information protection, or employment law

Qualification boundary (One) | Application conditions, statutory entry, and project authorization are three different states: meeting recruitment conditions does not confer statutory qualifications, and training records do not confer site signing powers.

Qualification boundary (Two) | The United States mainly uses on-the-job training and apprenticeships; O*NET places this occupation in Job Zone 1-2. Mainland China mainly uses employer and active-project training, with separate specialist requirements for work at height, temporary electricity, etc. The two are not interchangeable.

Qualification boundary (Three) | Preparation items on this page are search and checking directions, not any institution’s official qualification list; employer announcements and authority requirements take precedence when inconsistent.

Qualification boundary (Four) | This page provides no individual medical examination conclusions, hiring likelihood, or pay promises.

Specific Chinese recruitment announcements and channel shares were not obtained in this round; do not claim recruitment mainly occurs through acquaintances or subcontractors. Record announcement dates, regions, settlement, and actual recruitment status.

Checking suggestion | Record recruitment publication times, locations, employment arrangements (direct hiring, labor subcontracting, daily pay), personal tool requirements, meals/accommodation/transport provision, and clear schedules/settlement methods. These often describe actual conditions better than the page.

Boundary | Preparation paths and ability ladders on this page help plan learning and evidence, without hiring, promotion, or qualification judgments. Actual entry depends on employer recruitment conditions, on-the-job training/practical assessments, and local regulations/specifications for related operations.

Learn subfloor checks, materials, and basic tools under trainers or proficient workers; only perform supporting processes, with supervisors responsible for dimensional and quality judgments.

Supervised learning (apprenticeship)

Independently install and join conventional resilient materials, check completed work against self-check forms, and report anomalies under procedures.

Independent operations (junior floor layer)

Handle complex areas (irregular cuts, heat-welded seams, doorway transitions), lead groups on large-area work, and take responsibility for process handovers and initial quality checks.

Proficiency and team leadership (proficient worker/team leader)

Participate in construction plans, quality standards, and acceptance processes; train others and handle rework/deviation judgments with corresponding role authorization.

Standards and quality (foreperson, technician, quality inspector)

Editorial path: learn under supervision subject to recruitment/safety conditions, record practical work and review, then explore team leadership, quality inspection, or materials support based on experience and authorization. This is not a complete official promotion sequence or guarantee; check education, training, abilities, and signing separately.

Qualification boundaries | Training, certification, employer appointment, and signing powers are four different states; preparation items on this page do not equal statutory qualifications or automatically confer quality signing powers.

USJobZone1—2, RC, occupational education 90/6/4; typical BLS entry requires no formal education, while some apprenticeships may require high school. Check Chinese occupational education, specialist qualifications, and project authorization separately; rules for all jurisdictions have not been obtained.

Summary | Understand the path as a “training—practice—assessment—authorization” cycle: meet basic conditions and receive safety training, build process experience in projects, and work independently after assessments; complex processes, specialist work, and quality signing require corresponding authorization.

Occupational tasks, context, interests, and preparation level; not business adoption rates or sources of law or qualification law

OEWS wage distribution and statistical scope; not employment projections or qualification law

Overall employment projections and average annual openings; not AI attribution or individual hiring probability

U.S. course search; does not establish uniform training durations or education thresholds

Check target education and safety conditions separately; no uniform high school requirement.

Learn basic subfloor treatment, chalk lines, and cutting under a trainer and record daily learning points.

Supervised work records and trainer evaluations; explain safety procedures and basic process sequences.

Handle materials, clean sites, protect completed work, and use supporting tools under supervision, without independent dimensional or quality judgments.

Installation apprentice

On-the-job training records; self-check and process record standard training.

Build volume with common room shapes and practice seam control and edge finishing.

Self-check records across consecutive projects and foreperson review comments.

Independently install and join conventional resilient materials, check completed work against self-check forms, and report anomalies.

Junior floor layer

Specialist process training records; employer appointment or team leadership authorization.

Learn construction plans and waste control, and practice scheduling and task allocation.

Complex-area completed-work and rework-rate records; team organization and handover records.

Handle complex areas (irregular cuts, heat-welded seams, doorway transitions), lead groups on large-area work, and take responsibility for process handovers.

Proficient worker and team leader

Employer appointment; safety and quality management training records.

Systematically learn acceptance standards and contract definitions and participate in change/settlement processes.

Acceptance conclusions and quality/safety records for responsible projects.

Arrange processes, perform initial quality checks and safety briefings, handle site deviations, and coordinate with general contractors and adjacent trades.

Foreperson

Record and quality standard training; no independent judgment powers.

Understand acceptance standards and bases for judging common defects.

Record standardization and numbers of reviewed records.

Complete subfloor check and final self-check records under specifications, ensuring truthful, timely, traceable records.

Process recorder and self-checker

Quality inspection/technical role training and employer appointment.

Learn material instructions/specifications and causes/responses for common quality problems.

Initial inspection comments and correction closure records.

Check hollow areas, flatness, seams, and edge finishing, issue initial inspection comments, and track corrections.

Quality inspector and technician

Role authorization; corresponding technical training or qualifications.

Participate in plan reviews and supplier material assessments.

Quality standard documents and training records; changes in rework rates.

Help develop quality standards and acceptance processes, handle rework/deviation judgments, and train site personnel.

Quality lead

Corresponding technical qualifications or employer appointment.

Track new materials and process standards and build a technical library.

Technical plans and response records; technical coordination outcomes across parties.

Judge process plans and material suitability and coordinate technical issues with designers, supervisors, and general contractors.

Technical lead

Warehouse/material management training; no procurement decision powers.

Learn material specifications and waste calculations and master batch/storage requirements.

Material ledgers and inventory discrepancy records.

Check delivered materials, register batches, maintain tools, distribute as needed, and record usage.

Materials and tools management assistant

Product/process training; employer or manufacturer certification.

Build suitability experience across materials and conditions and organize a common problem library.

Technical consultation records and client feedback.

Explain material suitability, construction requirements, and curing precautions to projects/clients and handle technical inquiries.

Materials and technical support

Project management training; employer appointment.

Learn contract/settlement definitions and establish document archiving and audit trails.

Project plans/execution records and completeness of change/settlement documents.

Plan schedules, staffing, and materials, coordinate process interfaces across trades, and track change/settlement documents.

Project coordination and management

Corresponding management qualifications or employer appointment.

Improve quality/safety management systems and training mechanisms.

Project acceptance conclusions and safety records; team training and policy documents.

Take responsibility for project quality, safety, and delivery, coordinate parties, and handle disputes under regulations/contracts.

Construction management and leadership

US47-2042: May2025 median 56460 USD per year, 27.15 USD per hour; 2025 employment 29800, 2025—2035 growth 9%, average annual openings 2200. Precisely matched Chinese occupational wages and employment were not obtained in this round; this does not establish that statistics do not exist.

United States

2025—2035 (current; shared older facts protected)

Current projected growth 9%; average annual openings 2200 include growth and replacement, while net growth of approximately 2700 is a separate metric.

Occupational projections include self-employment and unpaid family work, unlike the OEWS employed-worker survey; not actual recruitment.

Employment scale, growth rate, and job openings

SOC 47-2042（Floor Layers, Except Carpet, Wood, and Hard Tiles）

Current employment 29800 (2025); growth 9%; average annual openings 2200 (2025—2035).

United States

May 2025

The median is not starting wages; original percentiles were not obtained again in this round, and distributions cannot establish causation from experience, region, or employment arrangements.

OEWS measures employed workers’ wages before tax for regular working hours, including commissions, incentive pay, production bonuses, and tips; it excludes overtime premiums, nonproduction bonuses, and employer benefit costs, and does not cover self-employed workers. Regional and industry differences are reflected in the wage distribution and cannot be characterized as excluded.

Wages (median and percentiles)

SOC 47-2042（OEWS May 2025）

Median annual wage USD 56,460 (median hourly wage USD 27.15); percentiles USD 37,600 / 45,660 / 73,840 / 96,700

Mainland China

2025

National Bureau of Statistics data represent average annual wages before tax for employees in urban units. Total wages include labor remuneration under statistical rules and cannot be characterized as excluding all bonuses, allowances, or overtime payments. National, industry, and job-group averages cannot substitute for individual income in this occupation or pay quotes in specific employment contracts.

Industry scope, published annually, differing from U.S. occupational wages; no combination or conversion.

Industry-average wages (background proxy)

National Bureau of Statistics average wages of employees in urban units (industry sectors)

Insufficient evidence: precisely matched Chinese occupational wages and employment were not obtained in this round; whether statistics exist has not been checked.

OEWS wage distribution and statistical scope; not employment projections or qualification law

Overall employment projections and average annual openings; not AI attribution or individual hiring probability

Chinese urban unit national, industry, and job-group annual average wages before tax; not occupational wages

Occupational tasks, context, interests, and preparation level; not business adoption rates or sources of law or qualification law

Build soft carpet cutting, patterned assembly, and stretching skills

Transferable: hands-on site work, dimensional control, safety/protective equipment standards. Close proximity: both install floor coverings, with different materials/processes. Editorial exploration; check processes, qualifications, and authorization by actual duties.

Transition (editorial judgment)

Build wet-process and hard-unit cutting, joint-filling, and hollow-area control skills

Transferable: subfloor treatment, dimensional precision, final self-checks. Moderate proximity: similar processes with different material systems/acceptance standards. Editorial exploration; check processes, qualifications, and authorization by actual duties.

Transition (editorial judgment)

Build sanding, coating, curing, and color-control skills

Transferable: surface treatment, flatness control, completed-work protection. Moderate proximity: both involve floor surfaces, but the subject is wood. Editorial exploration; check processes, qualifications, and authorization by actual duties.

Transition (editorial judgment)

Build wet material pouring, leveling, and finishing skills

Transferable: subfloor cleaning, material mixing, physical tolerance. Moderate proximity: outputs are leveling subfloors rather than surface layers. Editorial exploration; check processes, qualifications, and authorization by actual duties.

Transition (editorial judgment)

Build wood element fabrication, assembly, and precise fitting skills

Transferable: measurement/layout, element installation, completed-work protection. Moderate proximity: subjects shift from floor surfaces to wood elements. Editorial exploration; check processes, qualifications, and authorization by actual duties.

Transition (editorial judgment)

Build handling, demolition, site cleaning, and cooperation skills

Transferable: hands-on site work, safety procedures, following supervisors’ arrangements. Close proximity: a possible transitional entry direction. Editorial exploration; check processes, qualifications, and authorization by actual duties.

Transition (editorial judgment)

Build drywall/ceiling installation and joint treatment skills

Transferable: dimensional layout, manual installation, process coordination. Moderate proximity: vertical surfaces differ from floor work. Editorial exploration; check processes, qualifications, and authorization by actual duties.

Transition (editorial judgment)

Build coating, surface treatment, protection, and color-control skills

Transferable: surface treatment, completed-work protection, schedule coordination. More distant: outputs are surface coatings rather than floor coverings. Editorial exploration; check processes, qualifications, and authorization by actual duties.

Transition (editorial judgment)

Source card | Research process: first check O*NET-SOC 47-2042.00 occupational scope, tasks, and work context; obtain wages/employment from BLS OEWS May 2025 and BLS 2024—2034 projections; use National Bureau of Statistics 2025 industry-sector average wages as mainland Chinese background proxies. List U.S./Chinese data separately without combining or converting.

Source card | Source register: lists O*NET profiles/details, BLS OEWS, BLS Employment Projections, National Bureau of Statistics industry-average wages, and FermatMind scope rules; every fact’s source_refs points to a registered id.

2026-10-11

Author revisions across nine modules in this round await independent review. RC, JobZone1—2, education 90/6/4, and original work-context categories remain visible. US47-2042: May2025 median 56460 USD per year, 27.15 USD per hour; 2025 employment 29800, 2025—2035 growth 9%, average annual openings 2200. Magnitude cannot justify treating original 2700 as a ten-year total; U.S. substitutes were removed from Chinese recruitment tables. OOH includes laminate/engineered wood/wood tiles, so the name must not be misread as excluding all wood-containing products; combined 47-2040 industry wages/percentiles do not fill 47-2042. Original exact percentiles, industry wages, and Chinese wages/recruitment remain acquisition gaps; OEWS occupational URLs redirect to directories. Shared registers still mix first-aid/physician data, with older projections and protected Hero/FAQ conflicts archived unchanged. AI and transitions are editorial suggestions; occupational personality validity is unvalidated. No HTML, independent review, Git, or publication.