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S Holland Code careers (Social)

Explore occupations with an O*NET interest code corresponding to S, see what the work involves, and compare related occupations.

These U.S. O*NET 31.0 codes describe the interests associated with work activities. See each profile for its tasks and entry requirements. O*NET 31.0

Occupations with S first

  • Tutors

    Tutors examine how learners approach a problem, offer examples or prompts and document progress they can observe.

    S · 25-3041.00

  • Teaching assistants (special education)

    Special education assistants provide individual or small-group learning support under the teacher or team, help students participate and document observable performance. The responsible staff confirm instructional and support plans.

    S · 25-9043.00

  • Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers

    Mental health and substance abuse social workers (O*NET 21-1023.00) assess and help people with mental, emotional, or substance use problems, providing intervention, case management, crisis intervention, and prevention education. Verify assessment and intervention scope by license and jurisdiction.

    SI · 21-1023.00

  • Healthcare Social Workers

    Healthcare social workers identify practical needs, coordinate with teams, and document referrals and handoffs. Their work can include helping families navigate care and connecting patients with community support after discharge.

    SI · 21-1022.00

  • Child, Family, and School Social Workers

    Child, family and school social workers assess needs, coordinate services and referrals, and document follow-up under applicable privacy and safeguarding rules.

    S · 21-1021.00

  • Rehabilitation counselors

    Rehabilitation counselors work with clients to identify barriers to education, employment, and community participation, then plan goals, resources, and reviews.

    S · 21-1015.00

  • Special education teachers (preschool)

    Preschool special education teachers adapt play and early learning, observe communication and participation, and share records with families and school teams.

    SA · 25-2051.00

  • Adult basic and secondary education and ESL teachers

    Adult literacy and high-school-equivalency teachers help learners practice reading, writing, basic math or exam skills. Program rules govern formal scores and credentials.

    SA · 25-3011.00

  • Community health workers

    Promote community health by helping individuals adopt healthy behaviors; serve as an advocate for individuals' health needs by helping community residents communicate effectively with medical providers or social service agencies; serve as a liaison or advocate and implement programs that promote, maintain, and improve individual and overall community health; may provide health-related preventive services such as blood pressure, glaucoma, and hearing screening; may collect data to help identify community health needs: advise clients or community groups on self-care and general health and risk prevention and hygiene and screening; identify the specific health care needs of individuals in a community or target area and refer community members to the services they need; develop plans or formal contracts with individuals and families and community groups to improve overall health; advocate to government agencies or health service providers about individual or community health needs and feed back service accessibility; conduct basic screening and carry out basic preventive procedures such as immunization and first aid; make home visits to pregnant women and newborns or other high-risk individuals and monitor the nutrition of high-risk groups; maintain client files and contact clients to confirm that actions are completed; participate in community meetings and health fairs and distribute educational materials; and report suspected child or elder abuse and neglect and threat of harm to the competent authority as needed.

    S · 21-1094.00

  • Special education teachers (elementary school)

    Elementary special education teachers adapt foundational literacy, math, and school routines, tracking what students can do under different supports.

    SI · 25-2056.00

  • Personal Care Aides

    Personal care aides (O*NET 31-1122.00) help people with illness or disability complete daily activities such as eating, bathing, dressing, toileting, and walking per a service plan, and may also assist with meal preparation, light housework, and social participation. Personal care posts generally provide non-medical services; health-related procedures must be verified separately under local systems, employer authorization, and professional supervision.

    SCR · 31-1122.00

  • Special education teachers (kindergarten)

    Kindergarten special education teachers embed supports in group activities and daily transitions, observing participation as prompts, materials, or peers change.

    S · 25-2055.00

  • Special education teachers (middle school)

    Middle school special education teachers support participation across subjects and track academic, self-management, and social goals with classroom teachers.

    SAI · 25-2057.00

  • Nannies

    Nannies (O*NET 39-9011.01) care for children in private households, supporting parents in meeting children's physical, emotional, intellectual, and social needs. They arrange meals and routines, organize games and outings, help with homework, support habit formation and safety, and regularly communicate and hand over records to parents. This page uses only official sources to explain occupational scope, tasks, preparation requirements, Chinese and U.S. statistical scopes, and authorization boundaries.

    S · 39-9011.01

  • Patient Representatives

    Patient representatives help patients understand services and policies, identify barriers to care, coordinate communication among patients, families, and care teams, and refer to appropriate resources; clinical decisions remain with clinical staff.

    SIC · 29-2099.08

  • Psychiatric Aides

    Psychiatric aides help with daily activities under nursing and medical staff direction and report observations during handoff. Duties depend on the setting.

    SIC · 31-1133.00

  • Self-Enrichment Teachers

    Self-enrichment teachers lead hobby or leisure classes, using demonstrations, practice, and feedback to help learners complete a concrete project or activity.

    SA · 25-3021.00

  • Career/technical education teachers, middle school

    Middle-school career and technical education teachers introduce tools, materials and occupations through age-appropriate activities.

    S · 25-2023.00

  • High School Teacher

    High school teachers plan and teach subject courses, assess student learning and provide feedback. This U.S. profile excludes special education and career or technical education teachers. Requirements vary by school and state.

    S · 25-2031.00

  • Career/technical education teachers, secondary school

    Secondary career and technical education teachers teach specialized courses and supervise project work and equipment use.

    S · 25-2032.00

  • Psychiatric Technicians

    Psychiatric technicians monitor patient status, carry out assigned support tasks, and document changes. Clinical duties and reporting authority vary by employer and location.

    SI · 29-2053.00

  • Childcare workers

    Childcare workers supervise activities and document meals, rest and concerns for colleagues or families. Health tasks follow center procedures.

    SA · 39-9011.00

  • Mental health counselor

    Mental health counselors (O*NET 21-1014.00) provide mental health counseling and prevention services to individuals and groups, helping address issues such as addiction, family, stress, and self-esteem; assessment and treatment must be verified by license and jurisdiction.

    SI · 21-1014.00

  • Educational, Guidance, and Career Counselors and Advisors

    Educational, Guidance, and Career Counselors and Advisors (United States side O*NET-SOC 21-1012.00, Educational, Guidance, and Career Counselors and Advisors) is a guidance and counseling post in schools and institutions and agencies: providing students and job seekers with academic and career and further study and employment guidance and counseling and assessment and planning; the work includes assessing students' and clients' abilities and interests and needs and backgrounds, providing individual and group counseling and career planning, explaining assessment results and helping form academic and further study and employment and financial aid and life plans, assisting with course selection and applications and interviews and job search preparation, collaborating with teachers and parents and employers and institutions and agencies, maintaining interview and follow-up and confidentiality and referral records, handling confidentiality and informed consent and exceptions according to ethics, assessing and referring and reporting crises and high-risk situations according to the process, designing and implementing lectures and courses and programs and activities and evaluating their effects, carrying out prevention and advocacy and resource connection, and taking part in supervision and training and professional development. United States basis: BLS 2025 wage data median 64,330 USD per year (30.93 USD per hour; that source provides only the median and does not provide the 10/25/75/90 percentiles); the O*NET summary page gives 2024 employment of about 376,300, a 2024—2034 projection of "average (Average, 3% to 4%)" and about 31,000 projected openings for 2024—2034 (total for the projection period); the preparation level is Job Zone Five (SVP 8.0 and above), the interest code is SCE, and there are 35 tasks; the BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook separately gives growth of 3% and an average of about 27,800 openings per year on the 2025—2035 basis. Mainland China basis: the qualifications and training and supervision for posts related to school mental health education and career guidance follow the relevant provisions of education administrative departments and institutions, and where teaching and education work is involved the corresponding teaching qualification should be obtained in accordance with the Teachers Law of the People's Republic of China and the Regulations on Teacher Qualifications; this occupation is not equivalent to a clinical psychology or medical diagnosis post. Public statistics have not established an occupation-level wage basis corresponding to this occupation, and this page preserves the gap faithfully, with the industry average wage serving only as a visible industry proxy.

    SCE · 21-1012.00

  • Occupational therapy aides

    Occupational therapy aides prepare treatment areas and equipment, escort patients, clean, and handle appointments and forms under the direction of a therapist or occupational therapy assistant; they do not independently develop or implement treatment plans.

    SRC · 31-2012.00

  • Home Health Aides

    Home health aides help with daily activities under a written care plan, record observations, and report changes to the responsible team. Permitted health-related tasks depend on instructions, training and local rules.

    SRC · 31-1121.00

  • Recreational Therapists

    Recreational therapists select and adapt activities within care plans, observe participation, and document progress for the team.

    SI · 29-1125.00

  • Adapted physical education specialists

    Adapted physical education specialists adjust activities, rules and equipment to help students participate, document learning and collaborate with PE teachers and special education teams. Teaching, support-plan decisions and clinical care each have their own authorization.

    SCR · 25-2059.01

  • Education Teachers, Postsecondary

    Education Teachers, Postsecondary (United States side O*NET-SOC 25-1081.00, Education Teachers, Postsecondary) is a teaching and research post in higher education institutions: teaching and research of education and teacher education related courses in higher education institutions; the work includes determining course content and teaching and assessment objectives by subject direction and program goals and assessment data, preparing syllabi and assignments and lecture notes and practice materials, teaching and organizing discussions and seminars and practice, setting and administering and grading examinations and giving feedback, updating course content and teaching methods, conducting educational research and literature reviews and data collection and analysis, writing and submitting and revising papers and monographs and reports, applying for and carrying out research projects and funding, taking part in academic conferences and peer review and academic exchange, advising students on course selection and studies and research methods and papers and proposal defense and oral defense, supervising fieldwork and internships and research and competitions and student societies, taking part in department curriculum and degree and accreditation and admissions and program work, undertaking review and consultation and academic organization and public service, and keeping good records and handover of teaching and research and service. United States basis: BLS 2025 wage data median 75,350 USD per year (that source provides only the median and does not provide the 10/25/75/90 percentiles or an hourly basis); the O*NET summary page gives 2024 employment of about 74,900, a 2024—2034 projection of "slower than average (Slower than average, 1% to 2%)" and about 5,600 projected openings for 2024—2034 (total for the projection period); the preparation level is Job Zone Five (SVP 8.0 and above), education feedback is 90% doctoral degrees and 9% master's degrees and 1% bachelor's degrees, the interest code is SI, and there are 25 tasks. Mainland China basis: higher education post appointment and qualification and assessment and training are carried out in accordance with the Higher Education Law of the People's Republic of China and the Regulations on Personnel Management of Public Institutions and the relevant provisions of education administrative departments and institutions, and teaching in a teaching post should obtain a higher education institution teaching qualification in accordance with the Teachers Law of the People's Republic of China and the Regulations on Teacher Qualifications. Public statistics have not established an occupation-level wage basis corresponding to this occupation, and this page preserves the gap faithfully, with the industry average wage serving only as a visible industry proxy.

    SI · 25-1081.00

  • Clergy

    Lead religious worship and perform other spiritual functions associated with beliefs and practices of a religious faith or denomination, providing members with spiritual and moral guidance and assistance: prepare and deliver sermons, recite scriptures, organise and lead regular and special ceremonies, visit and counsel those in need and refer to procedure, train leaders and plan religious education, and handle the congregation's financial and administrative and personnel affairs.

    SE · 21-2011.00

  • Social and Human Service Assistants

    Social and human service assistants organize records, contact clients and resources, document progress, and route eligibility or case decisions to authorized staff.

    SCE · 21-1093.00

  • Physical therapist assistants

    U.S. physical therapist assistants deliver assigned care under a physical therapist’s supervision, observe changes and report back. Similar mainland job titles can mean helping a rehabilitation technician or operating equipment only. Check the actual job and local credentials before choosing training.

    SRC · 31-2021.00

  • Occupational therapy assistants

    Occupational therapy assistants implement activity training under the direction of an occupational therapist, observe client responses, record progress, and give feedback so the plan can be adjusted; education, certification, and state licensure are verified locally.

    SCR · 31-2011.00

  • Family and Consumer Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary

    Teach family and consumer sciences courses at colleges and universities, such as child care, family relations, personal and family finance, nutrition and foods, and family management: prepare syllabi and course materials, lecture and lead class discussions, supervise students' laboratory work, practical training, and internships, evaluate assignments and projects, and advise on academic and career development; positions that combine teaching and research also conduct research, publish results, and apply for funded projects.

    SI · 25-1192.00

  • Midwives

    Midwives (O*NET 29-9099.01) provide prenatal care, childbirth assistance, and postpartum follow-up and identify referral needs. U.S. wages and employment use the parent scope.

    SR · 29-9099.01

  • English Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary

    Under U.S. O*NET-SOC 25-1123.00, design English language and literature courses and assessments in higher education according to program objectives, teach courses and organize seminars and writing workshops, guide student learning and writing, assess grades according to standards, and carry out research and academic service.

    SIA · 25-1123.00

  • Postsecondary Health Specialties Teachers

    Postsecondary health specialties teachers teach subjects such as medicine, pharmacy, public health, therapy, veterinary medicine and laboratory technology. Roles may include curriculum, grading, clinical supervision or research.

    SI · 25-1071.00

  • Philosophy and Religion Teachers, Postsecondary

    Postsecondary philosophy and religion teachers build courses and discussions around texts, concepts and scholarship. They assess how accurately students read sources, construct arguments and respond to objections.

    SI · 25-1126.00

  • School psychologists

    School psychologists gather evidence about learning, behavior, and development and work with schools and families to assess and review supports. Professional authority depends on the setting.

    SIC · 19-3034.00

  • Occupational therapists

    Occupational therapists identify meaningful daily tasks with clients, such as grooming, dressing or returning to school. They observe where a task breaks down, plan practice or environmental changes, and check participation over time. Mainland hiring and U.S. licensing are separate.

    SI · 29-1122.00

  • Nurse Midwives

    Nurse Midwives (O*NET-SOC 29-1161.00, Nurse Midwives) diagnose and coordinate all aspects of the birth process independently or within a medical team, and may provide gynecological care for healthy women; this occupation in the United States requires professional graduate nursing education. The work includes providing antenatal, intrapartum, postpartum, and newborn care, monitoring fetal development by listening to fetal heart tones, external uterine measurement, identifying fetal position, and estimating fetal size, recording health history and physical examination findings, performing vital sign, reflex, breast, and pelvic examinations, prescribing medications within the scope permitted by state regulations, ordering and interpreting diagnostic or laboratory tests, providing family planning services and individualized health management plans, initiating emergency interventions to stabilize patients, consulting or referring to specialists when the condition exceeds the scope of practice, educating patients, families, staff, and the community, and instructing student midwives and medical students. This page uses only official sources to explain the occupational scope, tasks, China-U.S. admission differences, and statistical scope.

    SI · 29-1161.00

  • Political Science Teachers, Postsecondary

    Postsecondary political science teachers teach institutions, behavior and ideas, and help students formulate and test arguments with evidence. Comparisons require attention to the time and institutional context of a source.

    SI · 25-1065.00

  • Marriage and Family Therapists

    U.S. marriage and family therapists assess relationships and family context, develop treatment goals with individuals, couples or families, document progress, and coordinate other support when needed.

    SI · 21-1013.00

  • Directors, Religious Activities and Education

    Directors, Religious Activities and Education (United States side, O*NET-SOC 21-2021.00) is an education program and activity management position within a denomination: coordinating or designing programs and conducting outreach within a religious group or institution to promote the religious education or activities of a denominational group; analyzing member participation and the congregation's focus according to the group's education goals to determine religious education needs, selecting courses or class structures, and collaborating with other ministry members to determine education goals; identifying and recruiting potential volunteers and training and supervising religious education teaching staff; arranging special activities such as camps and meetings and seminars and retreats, and implementing program plans by ordering materials and arranging instructors and reserving venues; analyzing income and program costs to determine budget priorities, planning fundraising activities, publicizing programs through newsletters and announcements and mailings, and negotiating with clergy and congregational leaders for support; may provide counseling and guidance on interpersonal, health, financial and religious issues, and conducts review and handoff within the scope of authorization. The outputs are course and activity plans designed according to education goals, a volunteer team recruited and trained, activities and camps held as planned, and checkable review records of participation and costs. United States scope: the median annual wage for this occupation in May 2025 wage data is 52,100 US dollars (median hourly wage 25.05 US dollars), with annual percentiles of 34,670／44,010／52,100／73,730／98,310 US dollars (hourly percentiles 16.67／21.16／25.05／35.45／47.26); the O*NET summary page gives employment of about 138,900 in 2024, growth of 1% to 2% in 2024—2034 (below average) and about 13,800 projected job openings, with the main industry being other services except public administration; the preparation level is Job Zone Four (SVP 7.0 to below 8.0), the education feedback is 54% bachelor's degree and 21% postsecondary certificate and 14% associate's or two-year degree, with a considerable amount of related experience required; the interest code is SE; the work context includes freedom to determine tasks and priorities very much 98%, in a controlled indoor environment every day 86%, decision freedom very much 78%, use email every day 64%, telephone conversations every day 47%, and contact with others most of the time 78%. Chinese mainland scope: this occupation has no uniform access-type professional qualification; religious clergy engaged in religious affairs activities must be recognized by a religious group and filed with the religious affairs department at or above the county level under the Regulations on Religious Affairs (State Council Decree No. 686, effective 2018-02-01), the appointment and departure of the principal clergy of a religious activity venue must be consented to and filed by the religious group, and entities that are not religious groups, religious colleges or religious activity venues may not conduct religious education and training. Public wage statistics have not established an occupation-level scope corresponding to this occupation, and this page truthfully retains the gap.

    SE · 21-2021.00

  • Area, Ethnic, and Cultural Studies Teachers, Postsecondary

    Postsecondary area, ethnic and cultural studies teachers use regional history, cultural material and social research to build courses and discussions.

    SI · 25-1062.00

  • Hospitalist

    Hospitalists focus on hospitalized patients. They coordinate with nurses, specialists and discharge teams and hand over information as patients move between settings.

    SI · 29-1229.02

  • School bus monitors

    School bus monitors help students board and exit, maintain order, and report missed handoffs or incidents. Driving and emergency roles follow the operator’s procedures.

    SCR · 33-9094.00

  • Nursing assistants

    Nursing assistants (O*NET-SOC 31-1131.00, Nursing Assistants) provide or assist with basic care under the direction of licensed nursing staff, including monitoring health status, feeding, bathing, dressing, grooming, toileting, and patient transfer, in medical or nursing facilities, and may administer medication under direction and complete other health-related tasks. This page uses only official sources to explain occupational scope, tasks, China-U.S. access differences, and statistical measures.

    SRC · 31-1131.00

  • Clinical nurse specialists

    Guide nursing staff in delivering patient care in clinical practice settings and ensure that nursing follows established clinical policies and procedures and regulations and standards: observe and interview and assess patients to identify care needs, provide direct and indirect care within a designated specialty, develop and maintain nursing practice standards and department policies, evaluate the quality and effectiveness of nursing practice or organizational systems and design improvements, guide and mentor nursing staff and deliver training, and provide consultation and clinical advice to the team and patients.

    SIC · 29-1141.04

  • Massage Therapists

    U.S. massage therapists work with soft tissue within the agreed scope, confirm goals and consent, prepare the space, and document the session and issues requiring referral.

    SRI · 31-9011.00

  • Tour guides and escorts

    Tour guides and escorts explain sites, answer questions and lead groups along the visitor route. Group size, meeting points and access information affect how they organize the visit.

    SE · 39-7011.00

  • Architecture Teachers (Postsecondary)

    Postsecondary architecture teachers prepare courses, lead studio critiques and assess design work. Research and advising may also be part of the role.

    SIA · 25-1031.00

  • Health Education Specialists

    Health education specialists identify learning needs, design or review educational materials and activities, track reach and feedback, and coordinate programme improvements.

    SIC · 21-1091.00

  • College Geography Teacher

    College geography teachers plan and teach geography courses, guide student work and may supervise field or lab activities. Some positions emphasize teaching; others combine it with research. The hiring institution determines the workload and qualifications.

    SI · 25-1064.00

  • Probation officers and correctional treatment specialists

    Probation and correctional treatment roles track case conditions, services, and progress, then submit records or recommendations to authorized staff.

    SCE · 21-1092.00

  • Instructional Coordinator

    Instructional coordinators evaluate curriculum and materials, support teachers and monitor how instructional changes are implemented. Their work can include professional development and reviewing evidence about classroom practices.

    SEI · 25-9031.00

  • Anthropology and Archeology Teachers, Postsecondary

    Postsecondary anthropology and archaeology teachers design courses, evaluate how students use evidence and may supervise fieldwork, labs or research.

    SI · 25-1061.00

  • Training and development specialists

    Training and development specialists assess employee learning needs, design or select material, deliver training through demonstration, discussion and practice, and record and evaluate learning results; courseware completion is not the same as employees being able to use it, and professional standards, material purpose and actual approval still need organisational confirmation.

    SI · 13-1151.00

  • Physical therapists

    Physical therapists assess function, agree on goals, provide treatment and reassess movement. Consider whether you want to communicate closely with patients, document responses and adjust plans. U.S. PT and mainland hospital rehabilitation roles overlap in duties; verify qualifications separately.

    SIR · 29-1123.00

  • Speech-language pathologists

    Speech-language pathologists assess and treat communication difficulties. Some roles also address swallowing. Schools focus on access to learning, while hospital work emphasizes clinical assessment and handover. Check the job duties, training requirements and supervision in your target setting.

    SIC · 29-1127.00

  • Agricultural sciences teachers, postsecondary

    Postsecondary agricultural science teachers teach crop, soil or production topics through courses, labs and fieldwork. Some roles also include research or supervising placements.

    SI · 25-1041.00

  • Restaurant Host

    Restaurant hosts greet guests, check reservations, manage waits and seat parties. They coordinate the pace of seating with servers or a shift lead. Some establishments combine these duties with other service tasks.

    SEC · 35-9031.00

  • Concierge

    Concierges provide personal services to guests in hotels, apartments or office buildings, including relaying messages, arranging or advising on transport, business and entertainment matters, and following up on guest-room, maintenance and other requests, with responsibility for service arrangements, records and information boundaries.

    SEC · 39-6012.00

  • Forestry and Conservation Science Teachers, Postsecondary

    College forestry and conservation science instructors teach courses, guide fieldwork and mentor students. Some roles focus on teaching; others also require research and publication. The job posting tells you which work the institution expects.

    SI · 25-1043.00

  • Residential Advisors

    Residential advisors coordinate resident needs, supplies, repairs, and referrals and maintain handoff records.

    SCE · 39-9041.00

  • Acute care nurses

    Acute care nurses monitor changes, document care and hand over information when patients’ needs can change quickly. In mainland China, compare emergency, intensive care and monitoring roles with their registration, training and employer requirements.

    SI · 29-1141.01

  • Exercise Trainers and Group Fitness Instructors

    Instruct group or individual exercise primarily for personal fitness, demonstrate, observe, and correct movements, assess needs and design individual programs, provide general nutrition and lifestyle information, maintain equipment, and may also perform first aid, address minor chronic conditions, or lead therapeutic or recreational physical activities. Overlapping tasks do not equal an individual medical license; specific certifications, institutional rules, and jurisdictional authority are checked separately.

    SR · 39-9031.00

  • Fitness Trainers and Group Fitness Instructors

    Instruct or coach groups or individuals in exercise activities primarily for personal fitness; demonstrate techniques and form, observe participants, and explain corrective measures; develop and implement individualized exercise programs. (U.S. O*NET-SOC 39-9031.00, Exercise Trainers and Group Fitness Instructors)

    SR · 39-9031.00

  • Physician assistants

    Physician assistants assess patients, document care and participate in follow-up within applicable practice rules and team arrangements. Pending results go to the authorized clinician for review.

    SIC · 29-1071.00

  • Dietitians and nutritionists

    Assess dietary and health information, design a nutrition or food-service plan and review implementation and outcomes. Clinical, community and food-service roles differ; clinical treatment follows the institution’s division of responsibility and credentials.

    SI · 29-1031.00

  • Speech-language pathology assistants

    Speech-language pathology assistants carry out assigned activities, document performance, and report to the supervising professional. Interpretation and plan changes follow local authority.

    SCI · 31-9099.01

  • Family Medicine Physicians

    Provide diagnosis, treatment, and preventive care for individuals and families of all ages: take medical histories and perform physical examinations, order and interpret laboratory tests and imaging, make diagnoses and develop treatment plans, manage chronic and common acute conditions, provide immunization, screening, and healthy lifestyle guidance, refer patients to specialists when needed, and complete medical records, risk communication, and follow-up arrangements.

    SI · 29-1215.00

  • Dietetic technicians

    Check meal plans, record intake and feedback, verify service and report discrepancies. Qualified technical staff can assist with screening, assessment or meal preparation within applicable rules. A job title or assignment alone does not authorize prescribing.

    SCR · 29-2051.00

  • Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses

    This page covers U.S. licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses (LPN/LVNs). They provide basic nursing care, generally under registered-nurse or physician supervision. Permitted duties and supervision depend on state rules and training. Mainland Chinese nursing registration and professional titles form a separate system; they are not equivalent LPN/LVN grades.

    SCR · 29-2061.00

  • Art Therapists

    Art therapists use visual art-making in a professional care relationship, communicate with clients and document what happened, consent and follow-up. Mainland psychiatric and rehabilitation services offer related examples. In the U.S., compare graduate preparation, ATCB credentials and state licensure separately.

    SA · 29-1129.01

  • Fitness and Wellness Coordinators

    Manage or coordinate fitness and wellness programs and services; manage and train staff such as wellness specialists, health educators, or fitness instructors. (U.S. O*NET-SOC 11-9179.01, Fitness and Wellness Coordinators; wages and employment use the SOC 11-9179 group scope.)

    SE · 11-9179.01

  • Athletic trainers

    Athletic trainers work in health care, focusing on injury prevention, assessment, emergency coordination and rehabilitation support. Related mainland roles include sports injury protection and team rehabilitation. Fitness coaching is a different job with different training and responsibilities.

    SRI · 29-9091.00

  • Critical care nurses

    In the United States critical care nurses correspond to O*NET-SOC 29-1141.03 (Critical Care Nurses) and provide specialty registered nursing to critically ill or injured patients in settings such as intensive care units (ICU/CCU): continuously assess vital signs and laboratory data, administer medication and life support nursing per orders, monitor equipment such as ventilators, ECG monitors, oxygen therapy, and pressure monitoring, identify condition changes such as sepsis or shock and escalate promptly, collaborate with the interprofessional team to develop and revise treatment plans, complete standardized nursing records, handover, and family communication, and take part in quality and process improvement. The preparation level for this occupation is Job Zone Four (most require a four-year bachelor's degree in nursing), and US wage, employment, and industry data are published on O*NET on the parent occupation registered nurse (Registered Nurses) basis; the comparable position on the Chinese side is a registered nurse in hospital critical care medicine departments and intensive care units, where basic practice registration is managed in tiers along with hospital critical care competency admission and high-risk technique authorization, and it cannot be interchanged with the US preparation level.

    SIC · 29-1141.03

  • Education administrators, kindergarten through secondary

    Education administrators, kindergarten through secondary (US O*NET-SOC 11-9032.00, Education Administrators, Kindergarten through Secondary) are the schooling and instructional leadership positions for kindergarten through secondary education: planning, directing, or coordinating the academic and administrative and auxiliary activities of kindergartens and elementary and secondary schools; the work includes determining curriculum standards and performance goals and school improvement directions per education goals and regulations and data, observing teaching and reviewing learning materials to assess and unify curriculum and instruction, working with teachers to set curriculum standards and mission and performance goals, determining course offerings and scheduling and staffing and facility needs, organizing professional development, providing students with academic and behavioral and attendance guidance and enforcing discipline and attendance rules, communicating with parents and faculty, recruiting, training, and evaluating faculty and making personnel recommendations, preparing and submitting budgets and funding applications and authorizing procurement, arranging school buses and meals and facilities and building maintenance and safety, interpreting government regulations and developing compliance plans, liaising with government and businesses and the community and writing reports, and supervising student drop-off and pickup. US basis: the BLS 2025 wage data median is 105,870 US dollars per year (that source provides only the median and does not provide the 10/25/75/90 percentiles or an hourly basis); the O*NET summary page gives about 333,300 employed in 2024, a 2024—2034 projection of Decline (Decline, -1% or lower), and about 20,800 average annual openings for 2024—2034; the preparation level is Job Zone Five (SVP 8.0 and above), the education feedback is 62% master's degree and 27% bachelor's degree and 10% post-master's certificate, the interest code is SEC, and there are 33 tasks. Mainland China basis: the appointment qualification, engagement, assessment, and training of primary and secondary school principals and related management positions follow the Education Law and the Compulsory Education Law of the People's Republic of China and the relevant provisions of the education administration department, and doing education and teaching work in primary and secondary schools requires obtaining the corresponding teacher qualification per the Teachers Law and the Regulations on Teacher Qualifications of the People's Republic of China. Public statistics have no occupation-level wage basis corresponding to this occupation established, and this page truthfully keeps the gap, with the industry average wage serving only as a visible industry proxy.

    SEC · 11-9032.00

  • Music Therapists

    Music therapists assess needs, set goals, conduct music-based sessions, document progress, and coordinate with the care team. Training, credentials, and facility authorization must be checked separately.

    SAI · 29-1129.02

  • Acupuncturists

    Acupuncturists assess patients, decide whether care can proceed within their licensed scope, document treatment and refer when appropriate. Start with the requirements for your jurisdiction and workplace, then try the fictional documentation exercise.

    SIR · 29-1291.00

  • Coaches and scouts

    Instruct or coach groups or individuals in the fundamentals of a sport for the primary purpose of competition, demonstrate techniques and methods, and possibly evaluate athletes' strengths and weaknesses to consider recruitment or to improve their techniques for competition: plan and organize and lead practice sessions, provide training direction and encouragement and nutritional advice, adjust training methods to strengths and weaknesses, develop strategy and select players for competition, analyze opponents and evaluate athletes' skills and potential, identify and recruit prospective athletes and complete scouting reports, monitor equipment use and enforce safety rules and regulations, and manage sports program budgets and schedules and the coaching staff.

    SER · 27-2022.00

  • Engineering Teachers, Postsecondary

    Under U.S. O*NET-SOC 25-1032.00, design engineering courses and assessments in higher education according to program objectives, teach courses and organize laboratories and practice, guide student learning and projects, assess grades according to standards, and carry out research and academic service.

    SIR · 25-1032.00

  • Travel guides

    Travel guides coordinate trips, interpret sites and adapt plans when weather, transport or group needs change.

    SEC · 39-7012.00

  • Recreation Workers

    Recreation workers organize group activities, prepare materials, adapt sessions to participants, and collect feedback.

    SER · 39-9032.00

  • Chiropractors

    Chiropractors assess musculoskeletal concerns, document risks and track responses. Scope, referral and permitted procedures depend on jurisdiction.

    SRI · 29-1011.00

  • Farm and Home Management Educators

    Teach and advise individuals and families engaged in agriculture, agriculture-related processes, or home management activities: use demonstrations and field guidance to teach agricultural production topics such as agricultural processes and techniques, pest management, and food safety, or home management topics such as budgeting and financial management, nutrition, and child development; translate research and trial findings into practical methods, and develop and organize extension education programs.

    SIR · 25-9021.00

  • Nurse Anesthetists

    Nurse Anesthetists (O*NET-SOC 29-1151.00, Nurse Anesthetists) administer anesthesia, monitor patient vital signs, and supervise patients recovering from anesthesia, and may assist anesthesiologists, surgeons, other physicians, or dentists; this occupation in the United States requires a registered nurse with graduate professional education. The work includes pre-anesthesia screening and medical history assessment, developing an anesthesia nursing plan, obtaining informed consent, selecting and administering anesthesia and adjunct medications, performing regional anesthesia, managing the airway and mechanical ventilation, calibrating and testing anesthesia equipment, continuously monitoring vital signs with invasive and non-invasive techniques, handling peri-anesthesia emergencies, inserting peripheral or central venous and arterial catheters, evaluating post-anesthesia response and deciding on post-anesthesia care discharge, and teaching nursing staff and residents. This page uses only official sources to explain the occupational scope, tasks, China-U.S. admission differences, and statistical scope.

    SIR · 29-1151.00

  • Dental Hygienists

    Dental hygienists provide preventive care within their authorized scope: record gum and oral findings, clean teeth, explain oral hygiene and refer concerns to the dentist. Permitted procedures depend on local licensing and the workplace. In the U.S. an associate degree in dental hygiene is typical. Every state requires licensure, with state-specific rules. Mainland China’s oral health technician classification (2-05-07-17) is a task comparison, not a U.S. license equivalent or authorization to practice independently. Verify specific duties with the institution and local authority.

    SRI · 29-1292.00

  • Hearing Aid Specialists

    Hearing aid specialists identify listening needs, assess fitting conditions within their scope, select or adjust devices, document fittings and arrange follow-up.

    SCI · 29-2092.00

Other occupations with shared interests

  • Audiologists

    Audiologists assess and manage hearing, balance and related problems. Their work includes checking test conditions, explaining results and following up. Mainland employers may advertise audiology or hearing-test technician roles; check the actual duties and authorization for each job.

    IS · 29-1181.00

  • Nurse Practitioners

    Nurse Practitioners (O*NET-SOC 29-1171.00, Nurse Practitioners) diagnose and treat acute, episodic, or chronic illness independently or as a member of a healthcare team, with a focus on health promotion and disease prevention; they may order, perform, or interpret diagnostic tests such as laboratory work and imaging and may prescribe medications. This occupation in the United States requires a registered nurse with professional graduate education. This page uses only official sources to explain the occupational scope, tasks, China-U.S. admission differences, and statistical scope.

    ISC · 29-1171.00

  • Psychiatrists

    Psychiatrists conduct medical assessments, diagnose and treat mental disorders, and work with teams to follow safety, functioning, and treatment goals.

    IS · 29-1223.00

  • Genetic Counselor

    Genetic counselors gather family and medical information, explain genetic findings and limitations, and help people understand options within their scope. They may coordinate with clinicians and laboratories.

    ISC · 29-9092.00

  • Naturopathic physicians

    Naturopathic physicians (O*NET 29-1299.01) diagnose, treat, and help prevent disease using a practice system based on the individual's natural healing ability: collecting history and medication information, examining and assessing within the license and institutional authorization scope, explaining evidence and options, recording plans and monitoring responses, and referring when red flags or out-of-scope problems appear. This page uses only official sources to explain the occupation scope, tasks, preparation requirements, Chinese and United States statistical scopes, and authorization boundaries.

    ISR · 29-1299.01

  • Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Physicians

    Physical medicine and rehabilitation physicians assess movement and daily function, set rehabilitation goals and coordinate with the therapy team. Follow-up combines the task conditions with recorded measures of function.

    ISR · 29-1229.04

  • Chemistry Teachers, Postsecondary

    Postsecondary chemistry teachers teach chemical concepts and analytical methods, supervise lab learning and assess students’ interpretation of data.

    IS · 25-1052.00

  • General Internal Medicine Physician

    General internists evaluate and manage a wide range of conditions in adults. They coordinate testing, referrals and follow-up. Some work in clinics, hospitals or both.

    ISR · 29-1216.00

  • Emergency medicine physicians

    Emergency medicine physicians assess and care for patients with acute illness or injury, make time-sensitive diagnostic and treatment decisions, and arrange continuing care. This page uses the U.S. O*NET 29-1214.00 occupation; training, licensure and hospital privileges must be checked for the relevant jurisdiction and role.

    ISC · 29-1214.00

  • Training and development managers

    Plan, organise and evaluate employee learning programmes, coordinating courses, instructors, budgets and implementation; support improvement with needs and result evidence, and confirm professional, data and approval responsibility with the actual organisation.

    ESC · 11-3131.00

  • Obstetricians and gynecologists

    Obstetricians and gynecologists (O*NET-SOC 29-1218.00, Obstetricians and Gynecologists) provide medical care related to pregnancy and childbirth, diagnose, treat, and help prevent diseases of women, especially those affecting the reproductive system, and may also provide general care for women and take on obstetric and gynecological surgery; in the United States, medical school education and residency training must be completed and a state license to practice obtained, while in mainland China licensed physician qualification and completed registration are required, and techniques such as midwifery also require a special maternal and child health technical service license.

    ISR · 29-1218.00

  • Clinical neuropsychologists

    Apply neuropsychological theory and standardized tests to assess higher brain function and behavioral problems related to acquired or developmental neurological disease: interview patients and obtain a complete history, administer assessments of intelligence and attention and memory and language, check validity and norm fit, integrate multi-source evidence into a report, establish a neurobehavioral baseline and compare progress before and after intervention, recommend treatment after diagnosis, give patients and families feedback on results and recommendations, and consult with other professionals about neurological status.

    IS · 19-3039.03

  • Preventive Medicine Physicians

    Preventive medicine physicians identify preventable risks in individuals or populations and plan and evaluate prevention efforts. Clinical and population duties vary by setting.

    IS · 29-1229.05

  • Credit counselors

    In the United States, credit counselors correspond to O*NET-SOC 13-2071.00 (Credit Counselors). The core is providing advice and education to individuals or organizations on obtaining and managing debt, helping judge the most suitable loan type, explaining loan requirements or limits, and helping prepare debt management plans: assess the client's overall financial condition including income and assets and debt and expenses and credit reports, calculate the monthly income available to repay debt and estimate the repayment timeline from the debt amount and interest rate, prepare a debt management plan or spending plan or budget, interview to collect financial information and explain to clients general financial knowledge such as credit report ratings and bankruptcy law and consumer protection law and wage garnishment and collection, recommend repayment and financial strategies and prioritize the repayment order, explain available loan types and eligibility conditions, prepare written documents and contracts and negotiate repayment adjustments or interest rates and terms with creditors, maintain client account activity and consultation records and pay amounts from client accounts to creditors , and when needed refer clients to social services and community resources beyond credit or debt counseling. The US basis is a single occupation segment, while similar positions on the China side are spread across bank debt negotiation and consumer finance post-loan and consumer credit services, which is not a one-to-one correspondence with that US occupation segment, and the appointment and authorization and pay bases cannot be interchanged.

    CSE · 13-2071.00

  • Social and Community Service Managers

    Social and community service managers coordinate programs, staff, budgets, and participation requirements and review service delivery.

    ESC · 11-9151.00

  • Waiters and waitresses

    Servers take orders, relay modifications and timing to the kitchen, check the table and bill, and handle feedback within their assignment.

    CSR · 35-3031.00

  • Respiratory Therapists

    Respiratory therapists assess respiratory-care needs, check equipment, document observations, and hand off changes within team plans and authority.

    RSI · 29-1126.00

  • Sports medicine physicians

    Sports medicine physicians assess activity-related injuries, plan follow-up and rehabilitation, and coordinate return-to-activity decisions within their authority.

    ISR · 29-1229.06

  • Food Servers, Nonrestaurant

    Deliver food outside restaurants, including guest rooms, hospital rooms, residential care facilities, and vehicles: prepare and check orders, assist diners, collect and clean items, and record abnormalities. Role procedures define actual duties and response authority.

    RSC · 35-3041.00

  • Hotel Front Desk Clerk

    Hotel front desk clerks handle reservations, arrivals, departures and guest requests. They coordinate with other departments and hand unresolved issues to the next shift. Schedules and transaction authority vary by property.

    CSE · 43-4081.00

  • Pharmacists

    Pharmacists review prescriptions, dispense or oversee dispensing, and counsel patients. A prescription discrepancy calls for checking the record and contacting the appropriate clinician through the workplace process.

    ISC · 29-1051.00

  • Neuropsychologists

    Neuropsychologists integrate history, interviews, standardized tests, and behavior observations to explain cognitive and behavioral findings to referral teams. Clinical assessment and report sign-off depend on licensure, training, and facility authorization.

    IS · 19-3039.02

  • Anesthesiologists

    Anesthesiologists assess perioperative risk, plan anesthesia, monitor and respond to changes, and hand over care for recovery.

    ISR · 29-1211.00

  • Anesthesiologist Assistants

    Anesthesiologist assistants support perioperative monitoring, preparation and documentation under physician anesthesiologist supervision. US authority varies by state; mainland China has a different role structure.

    CSI · 29-1071.01

  • Ambulance Drivers and Attendants (Except EMTs)

    This role drives or assists on an ambulance and helps prepare the vehicle, restock supplies and hand over information. U.S. occupation 53-3011 excludes EMTs. Duties depend on training, local rules and employer authorization. Mainland driving, stretcher support and medical rescue roles have separate requirements.

    RSC · 53-3011.00

  • Flight Attendants

    Flight attendants complete work involving the occupation’s subjects, processes, quality, and delivery; check specific tasks, training, qualifications, agreements, and authorization against original texts from the relevant locality and employer.

    CSR · 53-2031.00

  • Allergists and Immunologists

    Allergists and immunologists combine history, examination and follow-up to evaluate allergic and immune disorders and manage treatment within their scope.

    IS · 29-1229.01

  • Urologists

    Urologists assess urinary and related reproductive conditions using history, examination and tests, and manage treatment within authorized scope.

    ISR · 29-1229.03

  • Amusement and Recreation Attendants

    Recreation attendants check tickets, guide visitors, manage lines and help with facilities. Ask whether the job gives visitor information or operates equipment. In mainland China, requirements for operating regulated large rides depend on the equipment and task.

    CSR · 39-3091.00

  • Funeral Arranger

    Funeral arrangers work with families to plan individual services and coordinate the people, records and facilities involved. U.S. pay and outlook on this page use 39-4031, which also includes morticians and undertakers.

    CES · 39-4031.00

  • Morticians, Undertakers, and Funeral Arrangers

    Morticians, undertakers, and funeral arrangers (O*NET-SOC 39-4031.00) arrange and direct individual funeral services: interview families or other authorized people to confirm details; obtain information for legal documents such as death certificates and burial permits; coordinate transportation, embalming, and care of remains; contact cemeteries and clergy officiating ceremonies; arrange pallbearers and transportation for mourners; and maintain financial records and daily funeral home operations.

    CES · 39-4031.00

  • Optometrist

    This page describes U.S. Optometrists, O*NET 29-1041.00: examining the eyes and visual system, diagnosing and managing conditions within state-authorized practice, and prescribing corrective lenses. Medication and some procedural permissions vary by state; care beyond the practitioner’s scope or expertise requires referral.

    ISR · 29-1041.00

  • Podiatrists

    Podiatrists (US 29-1081) diagnose and treat problems of the foot, ankle, and lower extremities, may combine history, examination, imaging, and laboratory tests to plan care, provide non-surgical or surgical treatment, and refer out when signs of systemic disease appear. The US DPM, residency training, and state licenses do not automatically correspond to Chinese physician qualifications; paper exercises do not constitute authorization to diagnose or treat.

    IRS · 29-1081.00

  • Arbitrators, Mediators, and Conciliators

    Arbitrators hear evidence and issue decisions under the applicable procedure. Mediators help parties negotiate, and conciliators’ authority depends on the process and agreement.

    ECS · 23-1022.00

  • Exercise Physiologists

    Assess, design, or implement fitness programs covering cardiorespiratory function, body composition, muscular strength, muscular endurance, and flexibility; explain testing procedures, develop individual exercise programs, monitor and record responses, and may also take on clinical supervision, rehabilitative exercise, and emergency care tasks. Specific medical, licensing, and institutional authority must be verified separately, and the occupation name does not confer individual authorization.

    RIS · 29-1128.00

  • Eligibility Interviewers, Government Programs

    Under U.S. O*NET-SOC 43-4061.00, determines whether applicants qualify for government assistance under applicable regulations and program rules: accepts applications, interviews and checks materials, verifies income and household situations, calculates benefits, explains the decision basis, and records the handling process.

    CSE · 43-4061.00

  • Athletes and sports competitors

    Athletes train and compete under their sport’s rules, while tracking workload, recovery and equipment. Work arrangements vary by sport and level.

    RES · 27-2021.00

  • Dental assistants

    Prepare patients and instruments, pass instruments and assist with suction chairside, then follow instrument processing and record procedures. Check local rules, training and authorization for radiography or expanded clinical duties. BLS lists a postsecondary nondegree award as typical. Some U.S. states allow on-the-job training; check the state dental board for radiography and expanded duties. In mainland China, check the actual clinical, nursing or administrative role. A U.S. dental assistant title is not the Chinese registered assistant physician credential.

    CRS · 31-9091.00

  • Locker Room, Coatroom and Dressing Room Attendants

    Locker room and coatroom attendants assign storage, issue or collect items, check claim tickets and hand off lost property, cleaning and facility issues. Venues may include sports, performance or hospitality sites.

    CRS · 39-3093.00

  • Interviewers, Except Eligibility and Loan

    Interviewers in this occupation ask questions from a form or script, verify answers and flag missing information for review. The occupational category excludes loan and eligibility interviews.

    CSE · 43-4111.00

  • Neurologists

    Neurologists (O*NET-SOC 29-1217.00) diagnose, manage, and treat diseases and disorders of the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves non-surgically: collecting history and family history, completing neurological examinations, ordering and interpreting laboratory and neuroimaging studies, making a differential diagnosis, developing and adjusting treatment plans, monitoring medication adverse effects, determining brain death, arranging supportive care and referrals, and communicating and recording with the multidisciplinary team. This page uses only official sources to explain the occupation scope, tasks, preparation requirements, Chinese and United States statistical scopes, and authorization boundaries.

    IS · 29-1217.00

  • Skincare specialists

    Skincare specialists confirm client needs, prepare services, and document what was provided. Services and equipment permitted depend on local rules and the business.

    RS · 39-5094.00

  • Shampooers

    Shampooers prepare and provide hair washing under salon procedures, confirm customer needs, and route questions to the responsible staff member.

    RSC · 39-5093.00

  • Health Informatics Specialist

    Health informatics specialists connect clinical work with information systems. They may document requirements, test workflows or support staff adoption. U.S. wages and projections here cover computer systems analysts, a broader occupation.

    ICS · 15-1211.01

  • Fundraiser

    Fundraisers help nonprofits or institutions secure support. They explain programs, contact donors or partners, organize campaign activities and track follow-up. A fundraising manager typically has responsibility for the overall program, budget or team.

    ESC · 13-1131.00

  • Equal Opportunity Representatives and Officers

    Monitor and evaluate compliance with equal opportunity laws, guidelines, and policies to ensure that employment practices and contracting arrangements do not discriminate on the basis of race, religion, color, national origin, sex, age, or disability: receive and investigate complaints, interview relevant parties, mediate disputes, develop and monitor anti-discrimination guidelines, and provide training and consultation to managers and employees.

    ECS · 13-1041.03

  • Dermatologists

    Dermatologists (O*NET-SOC29-1213.00) diagnose and treat diseases of the skin, hair and nails and may also practise dermatologic surgery; consultation and examination, diagnosis and treatment, records and follow-up and education are divided according to qualification and position. The 2025 U.S. employed median wage is 328,730 USD per year and 158.04 USD per hour, with annual percentiles of 102,810/139,990/328,730/452,450/578,560. The O*NET summary still lists this subcategory's 2024 employment 10,900, 2024—2034 growth of 5% to 6% and 400 openings per year on average; the same BLS page separately lists dermatology 2025 employment 12,200, projected 13,000 in 2025—2035, growth 7% and a net increase of 800. The BLS physicians broad group has 2025 employment 862,800, growth 4% over the same period, a net 31,300 and 22,100 openings per year on average. Periods and scopes are not mixed, a net increase is not the same as average annual openings, and the projection is not AI causation or an individual hiring probability. China's article 9 education and practice pathway, examination registration, 2022 dermatology residency and aesthetic attending physician specialty filing are verified separately; the NBS2025 consulted did not obtain dermatology occupational wages, and AI adoption effects were not verified and are not filled in. With zero background, D-05 only verifies fictitious text.

    IRS · 29-1213.00

  • Funeral Attendant

    Funeral attendants prepare rooms and equipment, guide visitors and assist with the service. Their work supports the arrangements made with families. Duties, schedules and contact with remains vary by employer.

    RCS · 39-4021.00

  • Telephone Operators

    Telephone operators look up directory information, clarify who the caller needs, and record whether a transfer was attempted or completed. They check conflicting listings before routing a call.

    CSE · 43-2021.00

  • Librarians and Media Collections Specialists

    This U.S. occupational category covers librarians and specialists who organize media collections. They make books, digital resources or audiovisual materials easier to find and use through cataloging, collection work and reader support.

    CSI · 25-4022.00

  • Prosthodontists

    Prosthodontists assess oral function, plan restorations, and coordinate fittings and follow-up with laboratory and clinical teams.

    RIS · 29-1024.00

  • Library Technician

    Library technicians help maintain catalog records and collections, show readers how to use search tools and may support circulation or digitization. The exact balance between technical work and desk service depends on the library.

    CS · 25-4031.00

  • First-Line Supervisors of Correctional Officers

    Directly supervise and coordinate the work of correctional officers and jailers: includes organizing roll calls and counts as required, maintaining order and discipline in housing units, arranging shifts and post assignments, supervising and taking part in searches and contraband seizures, organizing response and handling in emergencies such as escapes and violence, reviewing inmate information and identifying those requiring focused attention, supervising the completion and retention of records and reports, and training and mentoring subordinates and evaluating their performance.

    ECS · 33-1011.00

  • Funeral Home Manager

    Funeral home managers coordinate staff, facilities, budgets and service procedures. They make sure individual services have the people and resources they need. Whether they can personally perform a regulated service depends on their role and jurisdiction.

    ECS · 11-9171.00

  • Meeting, Convention, and Event Planners

    Event planners turn attendance, venues, vendors, budgets and timelines into a workable plan. When something changes, they explain the impact, record the revision and get approval.

    ECS · 13-1121.00

  • Lodging Manager

    Lodging managers coordinate people and resources across a hotel or other accommodation. They monitor service and business performance, set priorities and handle issues that span departments. Scope varies by property.

    ECS · 11-9081.00

  • Judges, Magistrate Judges and Magistrates

    This U.S. category covers judges and magistrates who preside over proceedings, manage procedural matters and make decisions within their authority. Jurisdiction and appointment vary by court.

    ECS · 23-1023.00

  • Sociologists

    Sociologists study behavior in groups, organizations, and institutions and use evidence and research design to test explanations.

    ISA · 19-3041.00

  • Agents and business managers of artists, performers and athletes

    Agents and business managers find opportunities, negotiate terms and coordinate agreements for clients. Authority to promise dates, fees or sign depends on the client’s instructions and applicable rules.

    ESC · 13-1011.00

  • Orthotist and prosthetist

    Orthotists and prosthetists measure, design, fit, and adjust orthoses or prostheses based on prescriptions and patient assessment, check fit, function, and comfort, guide use, and keep continuous records; clinical duties are constrained by local qualifications and organizational authorization.

    RIS · 29-2091.00

  • First-Line Supervisors of Entertainment and Recreation Workers, Except Gambling Services

    Directly supervise and coordinate the work of entertainment and recreation service workers: includes arranging shifts and position assignments, training employees and explaining work processes according to company rules, patrolling facilities and equipment to verify cleanliness and maintenance standards, organizing sports, aquatic, game, and performance activities, handling customer complaints and improving service, requisitioning equipment and supplies, evaluating employee performance and taking disciplinary action, and recording personnel and operating data and writing activity reports.

    ECS · 39-1014.00

  • Animal Care and Service Workers

    At a boarding or exhibit handover, identify who takes intake, who records observations and who follows up. The U.S. statistics here cover animal caretakers, SOC 39-2021. Training and veterinary treatment have separate duties.

    RSC · 39-2021.00

  • Animal Caretakers

    Daily animal care starts with feeding, cleaning, observation and handover. Ask which animals you would care for and who takes over if something changes. U.S. data use SOC 39-2021. Check actual duties and treatment authority separately in mainland China.

    RSC · 39-2021.00

  • Curators

    In the United States curators correspond to O*NET-SOC 25-4012.00 (Curators) and manage collections and research material in institutions such as museums: planning and organizing collection acquisition, custody, and exhibitions, setting exhibition themes and design and producing or installing display material, establishing and maintaining the registration, cataloging, and basic record system with databases, carrying out research projects in the professional field, providing collection information to other curators and the public, negotiating the purchase, sale, exchange, or loan of collections and approving per authorization, authenticating and assessing the provenance, composition, history, and current value of objects proposed for accession, inspecting the venue to judge repair needs and deal with temperature, humidity, and pest control problems, writing and reviewing funding applications, journal articles, institutional reports, and publicity material, designing and organizing guided tours, workshops, and teaching activities, training and supervising curatorial, finance, technical, and research staff as well as volunteers and interns, and agreeing policies and budgets with the board and planning overall operations. The preparation level for this occupation is Job Zone Five (usually requiring a graduate degree, SVP 8.0 and above); the comparable positions on the Chinese side are collection acquisition, custody, research, exhibition planning, and public education positions in museums, art galleries, and cultural institutions, mostly reviewed and appointed under professional title categories such as cultural relic and museum research, cultural relic conservation, cultural relic archaeology, and cultural relic utilization, whose duty and authorization bases do not correspond one-to-one with this US occupation segment and cannot be interchanged.

    CES · 25-4012.00

  • Baristas

    Baristas take orders, prepare and serve drinks, check ingredient information, clean their station and hand over open issues. O*NET 35-3023.01 describes barista duties. U.S. wage and outlook figures use the parent occupation, fast food and counter workers (35-3023). The two Mainland examples are historical listings from a Shenzhen chain and a Beijing campus kitchen.

    RSC · 35-3023.01

  • Surgical assistants

    Surgical assistants directly support procedures as part of the operating team and help maintain the sterile field. Their assigned tasks depend on training, authorization and the institution.

    RCS · 29-9093.00

  • Dining Room and Cafeteria Attendants and Bartender Helpers

    Dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers (O*NET 35-9011.00) set and clear tables, replenish tableware and bar supplies, and may help deliver meals. Servers focus on taking orders and serving tables; bartenders focus on preparing and serving drinks. Duties can overlap, so check who is authorized to handle payments, refunds, alcohol, or allergy questions.

    RCS · 35-9011.00

  • Epidemiologists

    Investigate the distribution and causes of disease and injury and design and carry out public health surveillance and research: collect and analyze case, survey, and laboratory data, assess risk factors and transmission routes, communicate conclusions to health practitioners, decision-makers, and the public, and manage public health programs. A master's degree in public health or a related field is usually required.

    IS · 19-1041.00

  • Interpreters and Translators

    Interpreters convey meaning during spoken or signed exchanges. Translators work with written material and can revise drafts. Both verify terms, numbers and versions and flag ambiguities for review.

    CAS · 27-3091.00

  • Medical Transcriptionists

    Medical transcriptionists (O*NET 31-9094.00) transcribe and edit physicians' dictated care records into complete, readable text, expand abbreviations, and return reports for review and signature under confidentiality requirements.

    CSI · 31-9094.00

  • Actors

    Actors build a character through speech, movement and interaction, then adjust their performance in response to direction. Consider preparation, auditions, rehearsals and performances separately.

    ASE · 27-2011.00

  • Baggage Porters and Bellhops

    Baggage porters and bellhops receive, tag and move luggage and verify handoffs. Hotel bell staff may also guide guests. U.S. occupation 39-6011 groups those duties; compare concierge and other terminal jobs separately.

    RCS · 39-6011.00

  • Hairdressers, Hairstylists, and Cosmetologists

    Hairdressers and hairstylists discuss client needs, provide haircuts, styling and applicable care, and document services and hygiene requirements. This page uses U.S. occupation 39-5012. Barbers (39-5011) are separate. Check Mainland hairdressing, beauty services, shop hygiene and medical aesthetics separately.

    RCS · 39-5012.00

  • First-Line Supervisors of Office and Administrative Support Workers

    Directly supervise and coordinate the work activities of clerical and administrative support personnel: supervise the work of office, administrative, or customer service employees to ensure compliance with quality standards, deadlines, and procedures and correct them when errors or problems arise; resolve customer complaints or answer customers' questions about policies and procedures; provide guidance to employees on handling difficult or complex problems or on defusing escalated complaints and disputes; review records or reports concerning production, payroll, shipping, and the like to verify details, monitor work activities, or evaluate performance; discuss performance problems with employees to identify causes and resolve them; prepare and issue work schedules, deadlines, and task assignments for office or administrative staff; recruit, interview, and select employees; explain and communicate work procedures and company policies to staff; evaluate employee performance and compliance and recommend corresponding personnel actions; train or instruct employees in job duties and company policies or arrange training; research, compile, and prepare reports, manuals, correspondence, or other materials as required by management or government agencies; implement company or departmental policies, procedures, and service standards together with management personnel; compute figures such as balances, totals, and commissions; coordinate activities with other supervisors or with other work units or departments; participate in the work of subordinates to improve efficiency or overcome difficult links in the work; advise management on issues such as staffing or procedural changes; develop or update procedures, policies, or standards; maintain records such as inventory, personnel, orders, supplies, and equipment maintenance; consult with managers or other personnel to resolve problems such as equipment performance, output quality, and work scheduling; develop work schedules based on budgets and workloads; analyze the financial activities of the establishment or department and provide input for budget preparation and preparation; design, implement, or evaluate employee training and development programs, customer service initiatives, or performance measurement standards; understand the terms of labor agreements and their impact on departmental operations; coordinate or perform activities related to transportation, receiving, distribution, or shipping; monitor inventory levels and requisition or purchase supplies as needed; plan or coordinate office services such as the procurement or organization of equipment or supplies, asset disposal, relocation, parking, maintenance, or security services; arrange necessary maintenance or repair work; and plan the layout of stockrooms, warehouses, or other storage areas after considering factors such as turnover, size, and weight.

    ECS · 43-1011.00

  • Public Relations Specialists

    Public relations specialists shape and maintain the public image of an organization or individual, verify data, write press releases and media Q&A, respond to media information requests, update website and social platform content, and maintain community and media relationships. Important statements, sensitive data disclosure, and organizational commitments are approved by authorized personnel.

    EAS · 27-3031.00

  • Spa managers

    Spa managers run the booking schedule, staffing, facilities and daily close. When a room is unavailable, they check staff scope, turnaround time and the handoff before promising a booking. They can oversee quality and budgets; the title itself does not authorize hands-on or medical services.

    ECS · 11-9179.02

  • Telemarketers

    Telemarketers use calls to explain goods, services or fundraising campaigns, answer questions and record responses, orders or follow-up.

    ECS · 41-9041.00

  • Personal Financial Advisors

    Personal financial advisors review clients’ goals, cash flow and tolerance for risk before discussing options and follow-up. In a review, they separate changes in the client’s circumstances from assumptions in the original plan.

    ECS · 13-2052.00

  • First-Line Supervisors of Passenger Attendants

    Supervise and coordinate the activities of passenger attendants: enforce safety rules and regulations; resolve customer complaints about employee performance or the services provided; inspect materials and inventory and vehicles and equipment and facilities to ensure they are safe, defect-free, and meet specifications; train employees in operating procedures and functions and explain company policies; compute or estimate cash and compensation and transportation or staffing needs; inspect work areas or operating equipment to ensure they meet established standards for cleanliness or maintenance; recommend and implement measures to improve employee motivation and work methods or customer service; meet with managers or other supervisors to learn about changes affecting operations; explain the interests or special needs of specific groups to employees; observe and evaluate employee appearance and performance to ensure service quality and compliance with specifications; explain and demonstrate work tasks to new employees or assign training tasks to experienced employees; take disciplinary measures to address performance problems; analyze and record personnel or operations data and write reports on activities; confer with customers and supervisors and contractors or other personnel to exchange information or resolve problems; apply customer feedback to service improvement; participate in continuing education to keep up with industry trends and developments; request necessary supplies and equipment or services; direct or coordinate the activities of employees, such as flight or train crew members; and recruit and hire employees.

    ECS · 53-1044.00

  • Animal Trainers

    Animal trainers observe, record and develop animal behavior, track practice and hand over findings to caretakers, owners or specialist organizations. Pet, horse, guide dog and animal facility work differ in goals and authority.

    RS · 39-2011.00

  • Barbers

    Barbers confirm the length, shape and service before cutting, trimming or styling. They follow the shop’s hygiene rules for tools. Compare quick-cut shops, full-service salons and shop management by workload, skills, hygiene duties and pay arrangement.

    RCS · 39-5011.00

  • Public Relations Managers

    Public relations managers develop and manage an organization's external communication strategy, determining target audiences, core messages, media relations, and crisis response procedures; they direct teams in producing press materials, responding to public concerns, and obtaining leadership approval for sensitive releases. The role centers on strategy, resources, and reputation risk decisions and is not equivalent to writing a single article.

    ECS · 11-2032.00

  • Health Information Technologist or Medical Registrar

    Health information technologists and medical registrars organize, check and maintain healthcare data. Some work on information systems or data quality; others maintain registries for a specific condition or service. Their duties vary by organization.

    CIS · 29-9021.00

  • First-Line Supervisors of Non-Retail Sales Workers

    Directly supervise and coordinate the activities of sales workers other than retail sales workers; may perform budgeting, accounting and personnel duties in addition to supervision. Tasks include monitoring sales staff performance to ensure goals are met; assisting employees with difficult or complex duties; directing and supervising employees engaged in sales, inventory counts, checking cash receipts or providing specific services; listening to and resolving customer complaints about services, products or personnel; keeping purchasing, sales and requisition records; recruiting, training and evaluating personnel; communicating with company management to develop methods and procedures to increase sales, expand markets and promote business; preparing work schedules and assigning specific duties; attending company meetings to exchange product information and coordinate with other departments; visiting retailers and sales representatives to promote products and gather information; establishing merchandise pricing policies based on profitability requirements; preparing sales and inventory reports for management and budget departments; inspecting products purchased for resale or received for storage to determine condition; inspecting merchandise to ensure correct pricing and display and performance as advertised; analyzing sales territory details to assess growth potential and set quotas; counting inventory and replenishing stock at specified levels; coordinating promotions such as merchandise displays and advertising copy; and preparing leasing or rental agreements specifying charges and payment procedures for machinery, tools or other items.

    ECS · 41-1012.00

  • Executive Secretaries and Executive Administrative Assistants

    Provide high-level administrative support to executives: manage and maintain schedules, handle travel, write and organize official documents and reports, handle information requests and receive visitors, and possibly train and guide junior clerical staff; the work mainly uses word processing, spreadsheet, and presentation software and scheduling and filing systems as its main tools.

    CES · 43-6011.00

  • Fast Food and Counter Workers

    Take orders, serve food and beverages and collect payment in fast food and counter service settings, and may take part in preparing simple food and drinks: record orders and close out bills using cash register and ordering equipment and verify the cash; take food from the serving counter or holding station according to the order, plate or package it and hand it to the customer; brew coffee and tea, make cold drinks and ice cream drinks, and heat or simply cook foods such as sandwiches, salads, soups and pizza; restock the counter and materials and report shortages; clean the dining area, service counter, tableware and equipment and keep the work area hygienic; handle and store food according to hygiene requirements and monitor food temperature; communicate with customers about orders, comments and complaints, and hand over with colleagues and the shift manager.

    CRS · 35-3023.00

  • Entertainment and Recreation Managers, Except Gambling

    Under U.S. O*NET-SOC 11-9072.00, plan, direct, and coordinate non-gambling fitness and recreation activities and venue operations, responsible for operating plans and scheduling, event execution, personnel management, safety and licensing compliance, and budgeting and marketing.

    ECS · 11-9072.00

  • Surgical technologists

    Surgical technologists prepare sterile instruments and supplies, assist with passing items and counts, and refer the resulting records to the team for review.

    RCS · 29-2055.00

  • Customer Service Representatives

    Answer questions, document orders or complaints, resolve issues within policy, and route exceptions to a specialist. Phone, chat and email roles differ in the products and decisions they cover.

    CES · 43-4051.00

  • Broadcast Announcers and Radio Disc Jockeys

    Broadcast announcers and radio DJs combine scripts, interviews, music and cues into a program and maintain required logs. Programming authority varies by station.

    AES · 27-3011.00

  • Choreographers

    Create new dance works and rehearse the production: study the music and text, generate and record movement material, lead rehearsals and guide technique and safety, arrange space and formations, direct and stage the presentation, and collaborate with production roles such as music and costume and lighting.

    AS · 27-2032.00

  • Receptionists and Information Clerks

    Receptionists and information clerks both answer questions. Compare visitor-facing reception with finding and providing information through directories, calls, or service requests.

    CES · 43-4171.00

  • Loan Officers

    Loan officers work with applicants, review materials and evaluate requests. They document their reasoning and recommend an outcome or decide within delegated authority. Decision rights depend on the product and institution.

    CES · 13-2072.00

  • Insurance Sales Agent

    Insurance sales agents discuss client needs, explain policy options and limitations, and help with applications or renewals within their authorization. Pay arrangements and licensing rules vary by location and employer.

    ECS · 41-3021.00

  • First-Line Supervisors of Helpers, Laborers, and Material Movers, Hand

    Directly supervise and coordinate helpers, laborers, or hand material movers: monitor safety procedures and equipment to maintain safe working environments; work with employees and managers to resolve operational problems; review work during operations and after completion for compliance with requirements; notify designated employees or departments of loading status and problems; inspect equipment for wear and specification compliance; prepare and maintain records and reports of hours, wages, daily receipts, and inspection results; communicate and explain work orders to laborers; schedule and assign work to maintain staffing amid workload fluctuations; review qualifications, interview applicants, and recommend hires; estimate material, time, and staffing needs from orders, specifications, and experience; coach employees on work and personal development; assess training needs and arrange or provide training; hold pre-shift and safety meetings; check loaded or unloaded materials against work order specifications; perform or assist with the same work as subordinates or more skilled and difficult tasks; address personnel issues, complaints, and grievances where possible and refer them upward when necessary; recommend or initiate promotions, transfers, and discipline; assess employees and write performance evaluations; inspect freight to determine loading sequences; schedule shipments and transport methods; inventory supplies and requisition or purchase replacements; quote prices to customers; assist account checks, track, monitor or forecast departmental budgets, and help develop policies and procedures; and inspect work sites to determine maintenance or repair needs.

    ECS · 53-1042.00

  • First-Line Supervisors of Personal Service Workers

    Supervise and coordinate the activities of personal service workers: train employees in operating procedures and functions and explain company policies; meet with managers or other supervisors to learn about changes affecting operations; assign work schedules according to work needs to ensure the quality and timely delivery of services; recruit and hire employees; resolve customer complaints about employee performance or the services provided; take disciplinary measures to address performance problems; inspect work areas or operating equipment to ensure they meet established standards for cleanliness or maintenance; investigate employee complaints and resolve problems according to management rules and regulations; observe and evaluate employee appearance and performance to ensure service quality and compliance with specifications; direct or coordinate the activities of employees, such as hotel staff or hairstylists; participate in continuing education to keep up with industry trends and developments; inform management about issues such as employee disputes; schedule employee breaks to ensure adequate staffing of service personnel for each shift; apply customer feedback to service improvement; explain the interests or special needs of specific groups to employees; request necessary supplies and equipment or services; and direct marketing and advertising or other customer recruitment efforts.

    ECS · 39-1022.00

  • Embalmers

    Under U.S. O*NET-SOC 39-4011.00, embalms human remains per applicable regulations and health requirements: verifies identity and authorization documents, cleans and disinfects, injects embalming fluid, restores and prepares the appearance, and records the handling process and materials used.

    RCS · 39-4011.00

  • Sales Representatives of Services, Except Advertising, Insurance, Financial Services, and Travel

    Service sales representatives learn client needs, explain scope and terms, and coordinate quotes and handoffs. Authority to make commitments depends on the service.

    ECS · 41-3091.00

  • Secretaries and administrative assistants, except legal, medical and executive

    General administrative support includes scheduling, routine correspondence, file routing, and calls. Specialized legal, medical, or executive workflows have separate requirements.

    CES · 43-6014.00

  • New accounts clerks

    New accounts clerks (O*NET-SOC 43-4141.00) handle account-opening stages at banks and other depository financial institutions: interviewing customers, verifying identity documents and materials, explaining account and service terms, entering account information into systems and filing records, handling counter payments, transfers and error correction as needed, and escalating abnormalities in customer identity or transactions under institutional procedures. This page uses only official sources to explain occupational scope, tasks, preparation requirements, Chinese and US statistical definitions, and authorization boundaries.

    CES · 43-4141.00

  • Compensation, Benefits, and Job Analysis Specialists

    Conduct compensation, benefits and job analysis programs for employers, and may specialize in areas such as job classification and pension plans: manage employee insurance and pension and savings plans and collaborate with insurance brokers and plan carriers; ensure the company complies with federal and state laws and complete reporting obligations; study employee benefits and health and safety practices and recommend changes to current policies; evaluate jobs, document the basis for classification, exemption and pay recommendations, and refer final decisions to the authorized role; prepare occupational classifications and job descriptions and pay grade tables; develop and manage compensation programs such as pay-for-performance or incentive pay; conduct multi-factor data and cost analysis; collect job information through observation and interviews and questionnaires and focus groups and develop job analysis tools; advise managers and employees on state and federal employment regulations and collective agreements and benefits and compensation policies and personnel procedures and classification plans; assist in preparing and maintaining personnel records and employee handbooks and deliver training; and, in authorized labor relations assignments, represent the employer or workers in collective bargaining or dispute mediation.

    CES · 13-1141.00

  • Dancers

    Learn and rehearse movement, perform on stage, at events or on camera, and adjust timing, spacing and coordination from feedback. Ask how rehearsals, performances and travel are paid.

    ARS · 27-2031.00

  • Counter and rental clerks

    Take rental, repair or service orders, explain options and charges, and record handoff and payment. Rental staff may check returns for damage and escalate disputes to someone authorized to decide.

    CES · 41-2021.00

  • Human Resources Manager

    HR managers plan and coordinate an organization’s people operations. They may lead an HR team, work with department leaders on staffing and decide which policy or employee issues need further review. Approval authority varies by organization.

    ECS · 11-3121.00

  • Fundraising Manager

    Fundraising managers set campaign goals, plan staff and budgets, and coordinate donor communication with program and finance teams. Their work includes deciding what to pursue and how to report outcomes. Authorization to accept or commit funds depends on the organization.

    ECS · 11-2033.00

  • Real Estate Sales Agents

    Real estate sales agents match client needs to property listings, arrange viewings, and follow up on offers and paperwork. Local rules and employer procedures determine who can confirm terms or make commitments.

    ECS · 41-9022.00

  • Compensation and benefits managers

    Compensation and benefits managers plan, direct, or coordinate an organization's compensation and benefits activities, including compensation policy and market benchmarking, benefit policy evaluation, reporting duties, budget, personnel data, and employee communication; negotiation and merger integration and hearings are undertaken depending on the specific position. Plan and signing authority is confirmed against employer policy, and retirement benefit fiduciary responsibility is judged by the applicable jurisdiction and actual management function.

    ECS · 11-3111.00

  • Administrative services managers

    Administrative services managers coordinate office support, budgets and records. They handle late deliveries or missing documentation and send decisions to the right approver. Check authority over facilities, payments and personnel separately.

    ECS · 11-3012.00

  • Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks

    Check applications, transactions or account information, record evidence and flag exceptions. Act within assigned limits and rules, and escalate cases that exceed them or raise risk concerns.

    CES · 43-4041.00

  • Loan Interviewers and Clerks

    Loan interviewers and clerks collect application materials, ask about missing items, check records and route files for review. They hand off a traceable checklist and case status. The institution assigns approval authority separately.

    CES · 43-4131.00

  • First-Line Supervisors of Retail Sales Workers

    Directly supervise and coordinate the activities of retail sales workers in an establishment or department; in addition to supervisory duties, may also take on management functions such as purchasing, budgeting, accounting, and personnel: provide customer service by greeting and assisting customers and responding to customer inquiries and complaints; direct and supervise employees engaged in sales, inventory-taking, reconciling cash receipts, or in performing services for customers; inspect merchandise to ensure that prices and displays are correct and that merchandise functions as advertised; monitor sales activities to ensure that customers receive satisfactory service and quality goods; instruct staff on how to handle difficult and complicated sales; assign employees to specific duties; keep records of purchases, sales, and requisitions; participate in the work of subordinates, such as cleaning and organizing shelves and displays and selling merchandise; formulate and prepare work schedules and keep records of employees' schedules and time cards; review inventory and sales records to prepare reports for management and budget departments; take inventory and reorder when inventory drops to a specified level; formulate and implement policies and goals and objectives and procedures for the department; examine products purchased for resale or received for storage to assess their condition; enforce safety and health and security rules; estimate consumer demand and determine the types and quantities of goods to be sold; confer with company management to develop methods and procedures to improve sales and expand markets and promote business; establish pricing policies for merchandise in accordance with profitability requirements; hire and train and evaluate personnel in sales or marketing establishments and promote or terminate employees as appropriate; plan and coordinate advertising campaigns and sales promotions and prepare merchandise displays and advertising copy; establish credit policies and operating procedures; and plan budgets and authorize payments and merchandise returns.

    ECS · 41-1011.00

  • Postmasters and Mail Superintendents

    Postmasters and mail superintendents oversee a post office or mail operation. They schedule staff, coordinate mail processing and handoffs, resolve complaints, train employees, and report issues. Responsibilities and approval authority vary by facility.

    ECS · 11-9131.00

  • Human Resources Assistant, Except Payroll and Timekeeping

    HR assistants verify and maintain personnel records and help with recruitment and onboarding. The U.S. classification on this page excludes jobs primarily responsible for payroll or timekeeping; it can still include recording information that supports those teams.

    CES · 43-4161.00

  • Bill and Account Collectors

    Bill and account collectors review overdue balances, contact history and dispute records, and communicate or hand off within their authority. U.S. statistics use 43-3011. Consumer debt rules have defined coverage. Mainland agency management and asset recovery examples describe related roles and do not establish comparable wages.

    CES · 43-3011.00

  • Shuttle drivers and chauffeurs

    Shuttle drivers and chauffeurs transport passengers on scheduled or booked trips, checking routes, timing, and handoff requirements. Vehicle and licensing requirements vary.

    RCS · 53-3053.00

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