Preparing content…

C Holland Code careers (Conventional)

Explore occupations with an O*NET interest code corresponding to C, see what the work involves, and compare related occupations.

These U.S. O*NET 31.0 codes describe the interests associated with work activities. See each profile for its tasks and entry requirements. O*NET 31.0

Occupations with C first

  • File Clerks

    File correspondence, cards, invoices, receipts, and other records alphabetically, numerically, or according to the organization's filing system, and locate and retrieve materials on request: scan or read incoming materials to determine their classification and filing location; sort and classify them by content, purpose, user criteria, or chronological, alphabetical, or numerical order; number or code materials and register them in an index; place materials in filing cabinets, file boxes, drawers, or other storage containers; record filing and retrieval activity and generate electronic reports; locate, copy, and deliver information to authorized users on request; collect materials that departments or colleagues need filed; remove outdated or unnecessary materials under filing maintenance rules or legal requirements, destroying them or transferring them to inactive storage; periodically check file placement, legibility, and condition; enter data such as file numbers, updates, or file information codes into the system; answer inquiries about records or files; and improve or implement new filing systems.

    C · 43-4071.00

  • Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks

    Bookkeeping, accounting and auditing clerks classify, post and check financial records. They reconcile entries and document differences; formal audit opinions require separate authority.

    CE · 43-3031.00

  • Data Entry Keyers

    Data Entry Keyers in the United States correspond to O*NET-SOC 43-9021.00 (Data Entry Keyers). They operate data entry equipment, such as keyboards or photo composing perforators, and their responsibilities may include verifying data and preparing materials for printing: compiling, sorting, and verifying the accuracy of data before entry; comparing data with source documents or re-entering it in a verification format to detect errors; reading source documents such as canceled checks, sales reports, or bills and using a keyboard or scanner to enter data into specified fields or media; locating and correcting entry errors or reporting them to supervisors; storing completed documents in appropriate locations; maintaining logs of work activities and completed work; loading the input or output media required by equipment (paper, cards, disks, tapes, or Braille media); and using cryptographic procedures and equipment to decipher garbled or illegible information. The preparation level is Job Zone 1-2 (little to some preparation needed, SVP below 6.0). The official education survey presents requirements for new entrants as “some positions require a high school diploma or equivalent, some require some college experience, and some require an associate's or another two-year degree”; the official page does not publish corresponding percentages. On O*NET, this detailed occupation's tasks, work context, preparation level, and wages all use its own scope; its national wage page publishes both hourly and annual percentiles for 2025. Comparable roles in China are mostly data entry or data processing positions in administrative and professional service organizations. Their responsibilities, employment arrangements, and pay scopes do not correspond one to one with this detailed U.S. occupation and cannot be used interchangeably.

    CR · 43-9021.00

  • Payroll and Timekeeping Clerks

    Payroll and timekeeping clerks (O*NET 43-3051.00) verify attendance, hours, and pay adjustments, enter payroll data, compute wages and deductions, review discrepancies, and produce pay statements, period-end reports, and handoff records. Specific taxes, social insurance, and payment approvals must follow the target jurisdiction's rules and employer authorization.

    CE · 43-3051.00

  • Word processors and typists

    Word processors and typists format incoming material, check revisions, styles and filenames, and archive or send the files through the assigned process.

    C · 43-9022.00

  • Tax preparers

    Tax preparers collect filing information from clients, check income and other records and complete the applicable forms. Conflicting information calls for verifying the source.

    CE · 13-2082.00

  • Postal Service Clerks

    Postal service clerks accept mail and parcels at the post office counter, weigh items and verify postage, handle stamp and other postal product transactions, check mail status, and sort or hand over mail by destination. Accurate charging, protecting user information, pausing on anomalous items, and escalating per agency procedures are key responsibilities; USPS position conditions and Chinese postal institution requirements must be verified separately.

    CR · 43-5051.00

  • Correspondence clerks

    Correspondence clerks correspond in the United States to O*NET-SOC 43-4021.00 (Correspondence Clerks); the BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook groups this type of position into Information Clerks (information clerks, 43-4000 combined basis) and explicitly lists it. The core is reading incoming letters and customer requests, checking order, billing, arrears and claim records, drafting and proofreading standard replies and issuing confirmation and payment letters, routing letters to the appropriate department and explaining rules and processes to customers when needed; the output is verifiable, traceable correspondence and records. On the China side, similar clerical positions are scattered across different units and outsourcing settings and are not a one-to-one correspondence with this U.S. detailed occupation, so appointment conditions and pay bases cannot be interchanged.

    CE · 43-4021.00

  • Shipping, receiving, and inventory clerks

    Shipping, receiving, and inventory clerks match orders and shipping records to goods on hand, prepare documents and report shortages, damage or lot mismatches. Check who can adjust inventory, release goods after inspection or operate warehouse equipment.

    CRE · 43-5071.00

  • Title examiners, abstractors and searchers

    Title examiners, abstractors and searchers review deeds, mortgages, restrictions and property descriptions. They summarize the document chain and open questions for authorized review.

    CE · 23-2093.00

  • Human Resources Assistant, Except Payroll and Timekeeping

    HR assistants verify and maintain personnel records and help with recruitment and onboarding. The U.S. classification on this page excludes jobs primarily responsible for payroll or timekeeping; it can still include recording information that supports those teams.

    CES · 43-4161.00

  • General Office Clerk

    General office clerks handle documents, enter records, respond to routine questions and support office operations. The mix varies by department.

    C · 43-9061.00

  • Proofreaders and copy markers

    Proofreaders and copy markers compare the original manuscript with the typeset proof, mark errors in spelling, punctuation, grammar, numbers, layout, and omissions, verify whether changes have been implemented, and then pass items needing a decision to the author or editor. The occupation centers on finding and marking errors, while rewriting and final approval of facts rest with content editing.

    CA · 43-9081.00

  • Statistical assistants

    Statistical assistants prepare data, compute summaries under specified rules, and produce tables or charts while recording missing values and units.

    CI · 43-9111.00

  • Procurement clerks

    Procurement clerks prepare orders, check quotes and delivery terms, and track delivery or invoice discrepancies. Some help compare bids or buy goods. Approval and payment authority depend on the employer.

    CER · 43-3061.00

  • Brokerage Clerks

    Brokerage clerks check trade, instruction and position records and reconcile fees or dividends. Investment decisions and approvals follow separate authority.

    CE · 43-4011.00

  • Document management specialists

    Maintain classification and metadata, configure version, approval, access and release workflows, and support retrieval, migration and audit. Organizational rules determine access and final approvals.

    CI · 15-1299.03

  • Postal Service Mail Carriers

    Postal service mail carriers deliver and collect mail on established routes on foot or by vehicle, sort and scan by address and sequence, handle mail requiring a signature, and hand over undelivered and exception items. Routes, weather, accurate delivery and user information protection are the core constraints; US USPS conditions and Chinese postal institution rules are checked separately.

    CR · 43-5052.00

  • Cashiers

    Cashiers verify items, prices and payment status, issue receipts and balance the till. They keep a record and escalate duplicate payments, refunds outside their authority and cash discrepancies.

    CE · 41-2011.00

  • Bill and Account Collectors

    Bill and account collectors review overdue balances, contact history and dispute records, and communicate or hand off within their authority. U.S. statistics use 43-3011. Consumer debt rules have defined coverage. Mainland agency management and asset recovery examples describe related roles and do not establish comparable wages.

    CES · 43-3011.00

  • Office machine operators (except computer)

    Non-computer office machine operators use work orders to operate high-speed copying, scanning, and binding equipment, verify originals and paper specifications, check page order and print quality, record output, consumables, and backlog, and deliver finished products; faults or confidentiality issues must be stopped and escalated.

    CR · 43-9071.00

  • Secretaries and administrative assistants, except legal, medical and executive

    General administrative support includes scheduling, routine correspondence, file routing, and calls. Specialized legal, medical, or executive workflows have separate requirements.

    CES · 43-6014.00

  • Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks

    Check applications, transactions or account information, record evidence and flag exceptions. Act within assigned limits and rules, and escalate cases that exceed them or raise risk concerns.

    CES · 43-4041.00

  • Gambling Change Persons and Booth Cashiers

    In licensed U.S. settings, these workers provide change services, maintain shift cashier records, check receipts or drawer counts and hand over the shift. Duties vary by booth and role authorization.

    CE · 41-2012.00

  • Loan Interviewers and Clerks

    Loan interviewers and clerks collect application materials, ask about missing items, check records and route files for review. They hand off a traceable checklist and case status. The institution assigns approval authority separately.

    CES · 43-4131.00

  • Library Technician

    Library technicians help maintain catalog records and collections, show readers how to use search tools and may support circulation or digitization. The exact balance between technical work and desk service depends on the library.

    CS · 25-4031.00

  • Postal Service Mail Sorters, Processors, and Processing Machine Operators

    Postal service mail sorters, processors and machine operators inspect mail labels and status at postal processing centres, sort by destination and established routing rules manually or with equipment, and load, sack, label and record handovers. When unidentifiable mail or equipment jams appear, they pause, recheck or escalate according to training and authority; USPS positions and Chinese institution rules must be checked separately.

    CR · 43-5053.00

  • Medical Records Specialists

    Medical records specialists check record ownership, organize and classify or code information under applicable rules, and refer missing documentation or mismatched records to the responsible person.

    CI · 29-2072.00

  • Medical Transcriptionists

    Medical transcriptionists (O*NET 31-9094.00) transcribe and edit physicians' dictated care records into complete, readable text, expand abbreviations, and return reports for review and signature under confidentiality requirements.

    CSI · 31-9094.00

  • Pharmacy aides

    Pharmacy aides support stock, incoming deliveries and counter administration. They keep supplies and records organized and route patients’ medication questions to a pharmacist.

    CER · 31-9095.00

  • Pharmacy technicians

    Pharmacy technicians enter prescription information, manage inventory and assist with dispensing preparation within their workplace scope. Questions that need clinical judgment go to the pharmacist.

    CR · 29-2052.00

  • New accounts clerks

    New accounts clerks (O*NET-SOC 43-4141.00) handle account-opening stages at banks and other depository financial institutions: interviewing customers, verifying identity documents and materials, explaining account and service terms, entering account information into systems and filing records, handling counter payments, transfers and error correction as needed, and escalating abnormalities in customer identity or transactions under institutional procedures. This page uses only official sources to explain occupational scope, tasks, preparation requirements, Chinese and US statistical definitions, and authorization boundaries.

    CES · 43-4141.00

  • Credit analysts

    Review financial statements, cash flow, debt and credit records. Verify sources and anomalies, document risks and limits, then submit the analysis to the authorized decision-maker.

    CEI · 13-2041.00

  • Receptionists and Information Clerks

    Receptionists and information clerks both answer questions. Compare visitor-facing reception with finding and providing information through directories, calls, or service requests.

    CES · 43-4171.00

  • Budget Analysts

    Budget analysts review revenue and cost estimates, compare actual spending with plans, and explain assumptions and constraints for resource decisions.

    CEI · 13-2031.00

  • Regulatory affairs specialists

    Coordinates, prepares, and reviews domestic and international regulatory filing materials, maintains regulatory versions and technical archives, and follows up on agency inquiries, inspections, and product changes. The specific product and jurisdiction determine the submission requirements; a specialist title does not automatically confer legal opinion, release, or sign-off authority.

    CEI · 13-1041.07

  • Compliance Officers

    Examine, evaluate and investigate eligibility for or conformity with laws and regulations governing contract compliance of licenses and permits, and carry out other compliance and enforcement inspection and analysis activities not classified elsewhere: evaluate applications and records or documents to gather information about eligibility or liability issues; advise licensees or other individuals or groups on licensing, permit or pass regulations; confer or interview officials or technical or professional experts or applicants to clarify facts related to licensing decisions; visit business premises to verify that valid licenses or permits are displayed and that licensing standards are met; administer oral and written and road or flight tests and score them; in some licensing assignments, issue permits or collect fees only when legally authorized and write notification correspondence about licensing decisions or appeal procedures; prepare reports on activities and evaluations and recommendations or decisions and report violations to committees or agencies and inform violators of infractions or possible penalties; identify compliance issues that require follow-up or investigation and assist internal and external audits; and verify that enterprise and regulatory policies and procedures have been documented and implemented and communicated.

    CE · 13-1041.00

  • Interviewers, Except Eligibility and Loan

    Interviewers in this occupation ask questions from a form or script, verify answers and flag missing information for review. The occupational category excludes loan and eligibility interviews.

    CSE · 43-4111.00

  • Actuaries

    Actuaries use data and models to estimate uncertain costs in insurance and other settings. Pricing compares claim frequency, severity and rating assumptions; reserving estimates unpaid claims and explains changes. Start by trying a reviewable calculation, then verify exams, responsibilities and signing authority separately.

    CIE · 15-2011.00

  • Telephone Operators

    Telephone operators look up directory information, clarify who the caller needs, and record whether a transfer was attempted or completed. They check conflicting listings before routing a call.

    CSE · 43-2021.00

  • Weighers, Measurers, Checkers, and Samplers, Recordkeeping

    Recordkeeping weighers, measurers, checkers and samplers match lot IDs, labels and readings, keep inspection or shipping records, and refer discrepancies for review.

    CR · 43-5111.00

  • Cargo and Freight Agents

    Cargo and freight agents book transport, arrange pickup, check shipping documents, track milestones and hand off exceptions. Find out what the role can promise, who can release a shipment, and who handles customs or dangerous goods.

    CE · 43-5011.00

  • Stockers and order fillers

    Stockers and order fillers put away, pick, and verify goods against locations or orders. Equipment and handoff duties depend on the employer.

    CRE · 53-7065.00

  • Database administrators

    Database administrators correspond in the U.S. to O*NET-SOC 15-1242.00 (Database Administrators). They administer, test and implement computer databases using database management system knowledge: Modify existing databases and database management systems or direct programmers and analysts to make changes; plan, coordinate and implement security measures against accidental or unauthorized damage, modification or disclosure of information in computer files; plan and install database management system upgrades to improve performance; specify users and access levels for each database segment; test changes to database applications or systems; test programs or databases, correct errors and make necessary modifications; train users and answer questions; support junior staff or clients; approve, schedule, plan and supervise installation and testing of new products; set standards and guidance for software use and acquisition and protection of vulnerable information; write logical/physical database descriptions and specify identifiers or direct others to do so; develop data models describing data elements and uses under procedures; select and enter code to monitor database performance and create production databases; identify, assess and recommend hardware/software achieving required performance; consult database management system manual procedures to modify databases; identify and assess database industry trends and advise senior management; review programmer analysts' workflow charts to understand computer tasks; and revise corporate data dictionary definitions. Preparation level is Job Zone Four (considerable preparation, SVP 7.0 to below 8.0). Official education surveys show 89% require a bachelor's for new hires, 4% a post-baccalaureate certificate and 3% an associate's or other two-year degree. O*NET tasks, work context, preparation level and wages concern this detailed occupation itself. Its 2025 national wage page publishes annual and hourly percentiles, neither parent proxies nor figures for related database architects or data warehousing specialists. Similar Chinese roles are mostly database management, database operations or data platform jobs. Duties, employment and compensation scopes do not correspond one to one with this U.S. detailed occupation and cannot be interchanged.

    CI · 15-1242.00

  • Customs Brokers

    Check declarations, classification, duties and client authorization, and follow up on customs messages or exceptions. Preparing documents, representing a client and arranging transport are different responsibilities; the title alone does not establish signing authority.

    CE · 13-1041.08

  • Logistics Analyst

    Logistics analysts use shipment, inventory and cost records to find where delivery performance is slipping and recommend changes. They may also track shipments or work with carriers. U.S. wage and outlook figures here cover the broader Logisticians occupation.

    CEI · 13-1081.02

  • Counter and rental clerks

    Take rental, repair or service orders, explain options and charges, and record handoff and payment. Rental staff may check returns for damage and escalate disputes to someone authorized to decide.

    CES · 41-2021.00

  • Cost estimators

    Turn drawings or specifications into quantity, labor and material estimates. Record rates, assumptions and risks, then hand off a reviewed bid or budget. Manufacturing and services also use estimators; sign-off depends on the role and jurisdiction.

    CE · 13-1051.00

  • Financial Examiners

    Inspect and supervise financial and securities institutions and financial and real estate transactions under laws and regulations: obtain balance sheets, operating income and expenditure, and loan materials to check assets and liabilities; examine internal controls involving cash reserves, collateral, and institution-owned securities; review internal and external audit reports and board and shareholder meeting records to confirm authority; recommend action on solvency, compliance, and problem accounts; prepare examination reports, issue lists, and corrective recommendations and track implementation; participate under statutory procedures in reviewing licenses, mergers, and securities registrations and make recommendations; and communicate with institutional management, external accountants, lawyers, and fellow regulators to obtain evidence.

    CEI · 13-2061.00

  • Government Property Inspectors and Investigators

    Government property inspectors and investigators examine records, contracts and site conditions for assets such as public housing or construction sites. They document discrepancies and evidence and refer inspection reports to authorized officials.

    CE · 13-1041.04

  • Eligibility Interviewers, Government Programs

    Under U.S. O*NET-SOC 43-4061.00, determines whether applicants qualify for government assistance under applicable regulations and program rules: accepts applications, interviews and checks materials, verifies income and household situations, calculates benefits, explains the decision basis, and records the handling process.

    CSE · 43-4061.00

  • Data Warehousing Specialists

    Start by mapping source fields and defining what each row represents. Extract, transform and load data, reconcile row counts and key measures, then publish documented tables. When a load fails, isolate source, transformation or scheduling problems and verify that a rerun does not double count. U.S. wages and employment use the Database Architects parent group. Mainland China evidence consists of two historical job postings and no established national wage estimate.

    CI · 15-1243.01

  • Printing press operators

    Printing press operators read production work orders, check paper and ink, and set plate, ink feed, registration, and sheet feed parameters; they start the press and pull a trial proof, check ink color, density, and registration position, and keep spot-checking and recording anomalies during the production run. On jams, unusual noises, or guard failure, they stop the press according to on-site procedure and hand it to authorized personnel.

    CR · 51-5112.00

  • Gambling Cage Workers

    At licensed U.S. venues, cage workers maintain counter transaction records, count funds and reconcile daily totals against individual records. They retain original entries for review when totals differ.

    CE · 43-3041.00

  • Freight Forwarder

    Freight forwarders arrange shipments, coordinate carriers and keep documents and status updates moving between parties. Some specialize in international transport. U.S. pay and outlook on this page cover cargo and freight agents, a broader group.

    CER · 43-5011.01

  • Insurance Underwriter

    Insurance underwriters review applications, assess risk and decide or recommend coverage terms under company guidelines. They may request missing information or refer complex cases. The role differs from selling policies and settling claims.

    CEI · 13-2053.00

  • Production planning and expediting clerks

    Production planning and expediting clerks coordinate work orders and material flow between departments according to the production schedule, distribute and adjust schedules, check progress and completion dates with supervisors, and compile records of inventory, cost, bottlenecks, and delays. Schedule changes must note resource conditions and the approver, and expediting must not replace safety or quality judgment.

    CE · 43-5061.00

  • Customer Service Representatives

    Answer questions, document orders or complaints, resolve issues within policy, and route exceptions to a specialist. Phone, chat and email roles differ in the products and decisions they cover.

    CES · 43-4051.00

  • Gambling and Sports Book Writers and Runners

    In licensed U.S. settings, these workers may handle counter records, verify tickets and provide floor service. Deliverables include accurate transaction records and unresolved discrepancies referred to a supervisor.

    CE · 39-3012.00

  • Desktop Publishers

    Turn copy, images and styles into proofable layouts. Check pagination, overflow, images and output settings, revise after review and keep versions. Editing and press operation depend on the assignment.

    CAR · 43-9031.00

  • Loan Officers

    Loan officers work with applicants, review materials and evaluate requests. They document their reasoning and recommend an outcome or decide within delegated authority. Decision rights depend on the product and institution.

    CES · 13-2072.00

  • Appraisers of Personal and Business Property

    Personal and business property appraisers examine condition and provenance, find comparable transactions and document their valuation assumptions. Evidence differs across jewelry, equipment and collectibles.

    CER · 13-2022.00

  • Prepress Technicians and Workers

    Prepress technicians turn the text, images, fonts, and layout of a design file into a printable file, performing file preflight, proofing, and quality control, with some positions making printing plates. O*NET 51-5111.00 lists proofing, proofreading, layout, font and image file checking, and plate making as tasks. File release follows customer confirmation, equipment specifications, and in-plant procedures, and a screen preview cannot replace the printed result.

    CR · 51-5111.00

  • Clinical Data Managers

    Use medical and health and database management knowledge to analyze clinical data and identify and report trends: design and validate clinical databases and logical checks, process data and generate and resolve data queries, develop data management plans and write work instructions and standard operating procedures, perform quality control audits and monitor work output and quality, use statistical tools to analyze data and produce reports, and contribute to the writing and organization and production of controlled documents such as protocols and clinical study reports and regulatory submissions.

    CI · 15-2051.02

  • Network and computer systems administrators

    Network and computer systems administrators (O*NET 15-1244.00) install, configure, and maintain an organization's local area networks, wide area networks, data communication networks, operating systems, and physical and virtual servers, monitor the integrity and availability of systems and scheduled tasks (including backups), analyze network and server resource usage and control user access, and may also assist with network modeling, analysis, and planning coordination. This page uses only official sources to explain the occupation scope, tasks, preparation requirements, Chinese and United States statistical scopes, and authorization boundaries.

    CRI · 15-1244.00

  • Librarians and Media Collections Specialists

    This U.S. occupational category covers librarians and specialists who organize media collections. They make books, digital resources or audiovisual materials easier to find and use through cataloging, collection work and reader support.

    CSI · 25-4022.00

  • Hotel Front Desk Clerk

    Hotel front desk clerks handle reservations, arrivals, departures and guest requests. They coordinate with other departments and hand unresolved issues to the next shift. Schedules and transaction authority vary by property.

    CSE · 43-4081.00

  • Executive Secretaries and Executive Administrative Assistants

    Provide high-level administrative support to executives: manage and maintain schedules, handle travel, write and organize official documents and reports, handle information requests and receive visitors, and possibly train and guide junior clerical staff; the work mainly uses word processing, spreadsheet, and presentation software and scheduling and filing systems as its main tools.

    CES · 43-6011.00

  • Archivists

    Archivists appraise and describe records, document provenance, preserve material and make it discoverable within access rules.

    CI · 25-4011.00

  • Treasurers and controllers

    Treasurers focus on cash, funding and liquidity; controllers focus on reporting, close and internal controls. Responsibilities vary by organization.

    CE · 11-3031.01

  • Print binding and finishing workers

    Print binding and finishing workers check materials and equipment against the work order, set cutting, folding, collating, binding, and surface finishing parameters, run a trial, then process in batches and spot-check dimensions, page order, and binding strength. When jams, unusual noises, misalignment, or adhesive binding defects occur, stop the machine first and troubleshoot, record, and escalate under the authorized procedure; never bypass machine guarding to handle a mechanical fault while the equipment is running.

    CR · 51-5113.00

  • Appraisers and Assessors of Real Estate

    Real estate appraisers and assessors examine property and market records. Individual valuation reports and jurisdiction-wide tax assessments have different purposes and authority.

    CE · 13-2023.00

  • Locker Room, Coatroom and Dressing Room Attendants

    Locker room and coatroom attendants assign storage, issue or collect items, check claim tickets and hand off lost property, cleaning and facility issues. Venues may include sports, performance or hospitality sites.

    CRS · 39-3093.00

  • Transportation inspectors

    Transportation inspectors inspect cargo or equipment related to safe transport, check the condition and records and produce an inspection report. This page uses the United States O*NET-SOC 53-6051.00 as the identity baseline, distinguishing the cargo, aviation and non-aviation equipment scopes; Chinese positions and actual authority are checked separately.

    CR · 53-6051.00

  • Quality Control Analysts

    Quality control analysts test raw materials, bulk intermediates, and finished products using standard methods, compare results with specifications and control limits and propose release recommendations, and also calibrate and maintain equipment, record data, write deviation reports, and take part in out-of-specification investigations. This page uses the precise US O*NET occupation 19-4099.01; the US wages and employment projections only go up to the BLS SOC 19-4099 "other life, physical, and social science technicians" broad category and are not a dedicated 19-4099.01 value, so the two cannot be substituted for each other. For China no verifiable precise occupational wage was obtained, and the insufficient-evidence marker is retained.

    CIR · 19-4099.01

  • Computer programmer

    Computer programmers turn specifications into code that can be run and checked. They clarify conflicting requirements, reproduce bugs and document what changed, what passed and what still needs review.

    CI · 15-1251.00

  • Database architect

    Database architects design enterprise databases and warehouses around query, capacity and security requirements. They develop models, standards and migration plans, and validate them with engineering and operations teams. Some roles also include tuning and database operations.

    CI · 15-1243.00

  • Transportation security screeners

    Transportation security screeners check passengers or items under site procedures, document issues and refer cases requiring further judgment to authorized staff.

    CR · 33-9093.00

  • Dispensing optician

    Measure the customer's face and pupillary distance based on a written optical prescription, help select frames and lenses, send work orders to the laboratory, verify finished-glasses parameters, and adjust the fit; does not independently diagnose or prescribe.

    CR · 29-2081.00

  • Couriers and messengers

    Pick up messages, documents or packages, check addresses and handling requirements, deliver along a route, and record receipt, exceptions and returns. Lab specimens and valuable or confidential items can require special handoffs.

    CR · 43-5021.00

  • Private detectives and investigators

    Private investigators gather, verify, and report information within the assignment and local authority. Much of the work is tracing sources and timelines.

    CEI · 33-9021.00

  • Energy Auditors

    Under U.S. O*NET-SOC 47-4011.01, define the audit scope and data scope with the client, collect bills and equipment records, perform on-site measurement and verification, establish an energy baseline and calculate itemized energy consumption, estimate energy-saving measures, and produce a reviewable audit report; does not carry out retrofit construction. (The U.S. wage and employment figures checked are broader-group figures.)

    CRI · 47-4011.01

  • Information Security Analyst

    Information security analysts help protect systems, networks and data. They assess alerts, record risks and coordinate responses with engineering and operations teams. Some roles emphasize incident analysis, while others emphasize risk assessment.

    CI · 15-1212.00

  • Compliance Managers

    Compliance managers plan, direct or coordinate organizational activities so that they comply with ethical or regulatory standards; the work includes policy training, risk monitoring, internal review and investigation, documentation and reporting, coordination with attorneys and auditors, and specialized compliance carried out according to the position. Investigations and external reporting are carried out by actually authorized positions under the applicable rules.

    CE · 11-9199.02

  • Customs and Border Protection Officers

    In the United States, customs and border protection officers correspond to O*NET-SOC 33-3051.04 (Customs and Border Protection Officers), responsible for conducting investigation and inspection as people, conveyances, goods and merchandise enter the country or move between U.S. states, in order to detect violations of immigration and customs laws and regulations: examining immigration applications, visas and passports and conducting interviews to determine eligibility for entry, stay and travel; inspecting inbound or outbound goods, baggage and personal effects for compliance with tax law and customs rules; locating and seizing contraband, undeclared merchandise and the vehicles, aircraft or vessels concealing them; detaining people who violate customs or immigration law and arranging legal actions such as deportation; explaining laws and regulations to travelers, prospective immigrants, shippers and manufacturers; determining the duties and taxes owed and drawing product samples for testing; recording and reporting duty activities, findings, transactions, violations, discrepancies and decisions; and testifying at immigration appeals or in federal court about the relevant decisions. The preparation level for this occupation is Job Zone Three (SVP 6.0 to below 7.0); on O*NET its wage, employment and industry data are published under the parent occupation "Police and Sheriff's Patrol Officers" (33-3051.00), not values collected separately for this subcategory. Comparable positions in China are customs, exit and entry border inspection and port enforcement positions; their duties and authorization basis do not correspond one-to-one with this U.S. occupational subcategory and cannot be interchanged.

    CER · 33-3051.04

  • Health Information Technologist or Medical Registrar

    Health information technologists and medical registrars organize, check and maintain healthcare data. Some work on information systems or data quality; others maintain registries for a specific condition or service. Their duties vary by organization.

    CIS · 29-9021.00

  • Web administrators

    Web administrators monitor availability, access and backups, respond to or escalate issues, and maintain configurations and recovery plans within their permissions.

    CIE · 15-1299.01

  • Technical writers

    Technical writers turn engineering or product material into instructions readers can follow and verify. They maintain terminology and revision history and confirm key steps with subject experts before release.

    CAI · 27-3042.00

  • Police Identification and Records Officers

    Police identification and records officers work with evidence identifiers, examination records and transfer information. Records let later staff trace the item ID and time of receipt.

    CRI · 33-3021.02

  • Gambling Surveillance Officers and Gambling Investigators

    In licensed U.S. settings, surveillance officers observe irregular activity, document incidents and hand off evidence through authorized channels. Enforcement, external disclosure and disciplinary decisions follow separate authority.

    CER · 33-9031.00

  • Dispatchers (Except Police, Fire and Ambulance)

    Review requests, assign available staff, equipment or vehicles, then track changes, delays and handoffs. Fleet dispatch is one setting. This occupation excludes police, fire and ambulance dispatch.

    CR · 43-5032.00

  • Gambling Dealers

    In licensed U.S. settings, dealers conduct table services, hand off records, and report disputes or irregularities within assigned authority.

    CER · 39-3011.00

  • Fraud Examiners, Investigators and Analysts

    Fraud examiners, investigators and analysts review unusual transactions, claims or other business records within their authority. They reconstruct timelines, preserve evidence that supports or weakens hypotheses, and refer unresolved issues to authorized decision-makers.

    CIE · 13-2099.04

  • GIS Technologist or Technician

    GIS technologists and technicians build or maintain spatial databases, check layers and produce maps or data services. Some jobs also involve scripting or supporting applications. The U.S. statistics on this page cover a broader computer occupation category.

    CIR · 15-1299.02

  • Information security engineers

    Information security engineers develop security policies, build and maintain protective technologies, and design and evaluate controls for systems and data. Their work can include monitoring, incident response and forensic investigation; actual duties and authority depend on the job. U.S. wages and employment below describe the broader 15-1299 group, not a separately measured engineer occupation.

    CIR · 15-1299.05

  • Computer and Information Systems Managers

    Plan, direct or coordinate activities such as electronic data processing, information systems, systems analysis and computer programming: manage the department's daily operations and analyze workflow and establish priorities and develop standards and set deadlines; manage backup and security and user help systems; provide technical support to users for computer problems; review project plans to plan and coordinate project activity; assign and review the output of systems analysts and programmers and other computer-related workers; review and approve system charts and programs before implementation; evaluate data processing proposals to assess project feasibility and requirements; develop computer information resources and assess the organization's technology use and needs; consult with users and management and vendors to assess computing and system needs; develop and interpret organizational goals and policies and procedures; control operating budgets and expenditures and purchase necessary equipment; and recruit and train and supervise staff.

    CEI · 11-3021.00

  • Compensation, Benefits, and Job Analysis Specialists

    Conduct compensation, benefits and job analysis programs for employers, and may specialize in areas such as job classification and pension plans: manage employee insurance and pension and savings plans and collaborate with insurance brokers and plan carriers; ensure the company complies with federal and state laws and complete reporting obligations; study employee benefits and health and safety practices and recommend changes to current policies; evaluate jobs, document the basis for classification, exemption and pay recommendations, and refer final decisions to the authorized role; prepare occupational classifications and job descriptions and pay grade tables; develop and manage compensation programs such as pay-for-performance or incentive pay; conduct multi-factor data and cost analysis; collect job information through observation and interviews and questionnaires and focus groups and develop job analysis tools; advise managers and employees on state and federal employment regulations and collective agreements and benefits and compensation policies and personnel procedures and classification plans; assist in preparing and maintaining personnel records and employee handbooks and deliver training; and, in authorized labor relations assignments, represent the employer or workers in collective bargaining or dispute mediation.

    CES · 13-1141.00

  • Logistician

    Logisticians coordinate the flow of products across procurement, inventory, transportation and delivery. A typical decision is how to get a delayed shipment back on track while keeping the customer and carrier informed.

    CEI · 13-1081.00

  • Blockchain engineers

    Blockchain engineers design, implement and test distributed ledgers, nodes, smart contracts or applications that connect on-chain and off-chain work. They document permissions, failure handling, tests and release evidence. Roles may focus on protocols, integration or platform operations. BLS projects the U.S. parent group Computer Occupations, All Other (15-1299) from about 471,200 jobs in 2025 to 495,300 in 2035. The published net gain is about 24,200 (5.1%), with about 27,000 annual openings from growth and replacement. The baseline includes 4.9% self-employment. The data do not isolate blockchain engineers.

    CI · 15-1299.07

  • Business intelligence analysts

    Business intelligence analysts query data, define metrics and build reports. They explain changes and how metric definitions affect them.

    CIE · 15-2051.01

  • Environmental Compliance Inspectors

    Under U.S. O*NET-SOC 13-1041.01, conduct on-site inspections and investigations of pollution sources and facilities, take samples and gather evidence according to protocol, determine compliance based on environmental regulations, and produce inspection reports and enforcement documents. (The U.S. wage and employment figures checked are broader-group figures.)

    CIR · 13-1041.01

  • Auto Damage Insurance Appraiser

    Auto damage appraisers document vehicle damage and estimate repair costs for the claims process. They may compare repair plans, photos and parts or labor information. A repair estimate does not by itself settle coverage or payment.

    CRE · 13-1032.00

  • Retail Loss Prevention Specialists

    Retail loss prevention specialists check inventory discrepancies in stores or distribution, patrol for merchandise and entrance and exit risks, inspect loss prevention processes and monitoring equipment, and record, investigate, and escalate anomalies as authorized. Incident handling must balance customer and employee safety with the integrity of evidence; on-site detention authority must be verified against local law and employer policy.

    CER · 33-9099.02

  • Computer network support specialist

    Network support specialists keep an existing network working. They establish the scope of an incident, examine logs or monitoring data, test likely causes, resolve or escalate the issue within their authority, and document the handoff. Major changes follow the organization’s approval and rollback process.

    CIR · 15-1231.00

  • Broadcast Technicians

    Broadcast technicians monitor and maintain equipment used to capture, transmit or air audio and video. They check signal quality and document faults and responses.

    CR · 27-4012.00

  • Curators

    In the United States curators correspond to O*NET-SOC 25-4012.00 (Curators) and manage collections and research material in institutions such as museums: planning and organizing collection acquisition, custody, and exhibitions, setting exhibition themes and design and producing or installing display material, establishing and maintaining the registration, cataloging, and basic record system with databases, carrying out research projects in the professional field, providing collection information to other curators and the public, negotiating the purchase, sale, exchange, or loan of collections and approving per authorization, authenticating and assessing the provenance, composition, history, and current value of objects proposed for accession, inspecting the venue to judge repair needs and deal with temperature, humidity, and pest control problems, writing and reviewing funding applications, journal articles, institutional reports, and publicity material, designing and organizing guided tours, workshops, and teaching activities, training and supervising curatorial, finance, technical, and research staff as well as volunteers and interns, and agreeing policies and budgets with the board and planning overall operations. The preparation level for this occupation is Job Zone Five (usually requiring a graduate degree, SVP 8.0 and above); the comparable positions on the Chinese side are collection acquisition, custody, research, exhibition planning, and public education positions in museums, art galleries, and cultural institutions, mostly reviewed and appointed under professional title categories such as cultural relic and museum research, cultural relic conservation, cultural relic archaeology, and cultural relic utilization, whose duty and authorization bases do not correspond one-to-one with this US occupation segment and cannot be interchanged.

    CES · 25-4012.00

  • Aviation Inspectors

    Aviation inspectors compare maintenance records and inspection evidence with applicable standards, identify defects and document what can be verified. Employer quality checks, maintenance release and regulatory enforcement carry different authority. Check what the role delivers and who signs it.

    CRI · 53-6051.01

  • Dental assistants

    Prepare patients and instruments, pass instruments and assist with suction chairside, then follow instrument processing and record procedures. Check local rules, training and authorization for radiography or expanded clinical duties. BLS lists a postsecondary nondegree award as typical. Some U.S. states allow on-the-job training; check the state dental board for radiography and expanded duties. In mainland China, check the actual clinical, nursing or administrative role. A U.S. dental assistant title is not the Chinese registered assistant physician credential.

    CRS · 31-9091.00

  • Security Management Specialists

    Security management specialists (O*NET 13-1199.07) assess an organization's physical security threats, design and improve security systems and processes, conduct audits, propose countermeasures and follow up on them. U.S. wages and employment are available only as the broad 13-1199 aggregate and cannot be treated as standalone data for this occupation.

    CIR · 13-1199.07

  • Loss Prevention Managers

    Loss prevention managers coordinate discrepancy reviews, staff training and incident handoffs. They investigate inventory and process exceptions and follow up on corrective work. A discrepancy needs verification before responsibility can be assigned.

    CE · 11-9199.08

  • Interpreters and Translators

    Interpreters convey meaning during spoken or signed exchanges. Translators work with written material and can revise drafts. Both verify terms, numbers and versions and flag ambiguities for review.

    CAS · 27-3091.00

  • Judicial Law Clerks

    Judicial law clerks support judges or courts through legal research, file review and drafting. They hand off traceable sources and open questions to the decision-maker. The role does not confer judicial authority.

    CEI · 23-1012.00

  • Credit counselors

    In the United States, credit counselors correspond to O*NET-SOC 13-2071.00 (Credit Counselors). The core is providing advice and education to individuals or organizations on obtaining and managing debt, helping judge the most suitable loan type, explaining loan requirements or limits, and helping prepare debt management plans: assess the client's overall financial condition including income and assets and debt and expenses and credit reports, calculate the monthly income available to repay debt and estimate the repayment timeline from the debt amount and interest rate, prepare a debt management plan or spending plan or budget, interview to collect financial information and explain to clients general financial knowledge such as credit report ratings and bankruptcy law and consumer protection law and wage garnishment and collection, recommend repayment and financial strategies and prioritize the repayment order, explain available loan types and eligibility conditions, prepare written documents and contracts and negotiate repayment adjustments or interest rates and terms with creditors, maintain client account activity and consultation records and pay amounts from client accounts to creditors , and when needed refer clients to social services and community resources beyond credit or debt counseling. The US basis is a single occupation segment, while similar positions on the China side are spread across bank debt negotiation and consumer finance post-loan and consumer credit services, which is not a one-to-one correspondence with that US occupation segment, and the appointment and authorization and pay bases cannot be interchanged.

    CSE · 13-2071.00

  • Paralegals and legal assistants

    Paralegals check facts, research legal sources, organize case files and prepare drafts for a lawyer to review. The assignments and authority depend on the employer and jurisdiction.

    CIE · 23-2011.00

  • Financial and Investment Analysts

    Use quantitative methods to analyze investment programs or financial and operating data from public and private institutions, including business valuation: collect and check corporate disclosures, accounting data, and market data; build valuation or forecasting models for business questions and record key assumptions; conduct scenario and sensitivity tests and explain how sensitive conclusions are to assumptions; assess industry and market trends, competition, and major risks; write analytical conclusions, valuation reports, or investment recommendations for investment committees and clients; perform independent review under compliance requirements, maintain model versions, and retain supporting evidence; coordinate with investment managers, risk and compliance, accounting, and research staff; and follow local laws and institutional procedures.

    CEI · 13-2051.00

  • Fast Food and Counter Workers

    Take orders, serve food and beverages and collect payment in fast food and counter service settings, and may take part in preparing simple food and drinks: record orders and close out bills using cash register and ordering equipment and verify the cash; take food from the serving counter or holding station according to the order, plate or package it and hand it to the customer; brew coffee and tea, make cold drinks and ice cream drinks, and heat or simply cook foods such as sandwiches, salads, soups and pizza; restock the counter and materials and report shortages; clean the dining area, service counter, tableware and equipment and keep the work area hygienic; handle and store food according to hygiene requirements and monitor food temperature; communicate with customers about orders, comments and complaints, and hand over with colleagues and the shift manager.

    CRS · 35-3023.00

  • Quality control systems manager

    Quality control systems managers plan, direct, or coordinate quality assurance programs: they set quality control policies, control the quality of laboratory and production work, maintain quality system documents, and drive production stops and correction when serious defects appear. This page uses the US O*NET detailed occupation Quality Control Systems Managers (11-3051.01); the US wages and employment use the SOC 11-3051 category (industrial production managers) that contains this occupation, not a narrower single-occupation value. No verifiable wage for the detailed occupation was obtained for China, and an insufficient evidence marker is retained.

    CEI · 11-3051.01

  • Remote Sensing Technicians

    Remote sensing technicians assist scientists in using remote sensing technology, collecting spatial data, processing and fusing imagery, and checking the completeness and accuracy of system data; some positions take part in flight planning or sensor configuration. This page covers O*NET 19-4099.03. The U.S. wage statistics and employment projections apply to the broader BLS group 19-4099.

    CRI · 19-4099.03

  • Air traffic controllers

    Air traffic controllers monitor and coordinate aircraft at towers, approach facilities and en route centres. They issue clearances and hand off responsibility within their assigned authority. Entry depends on the jurisdiction, facility and training route.

    CRE · 53-2021.00

  • Web Developers

    Web developers implement pages and application behavior, maintain code and assets, and verify success, failure and recovery paths in the target environment.

    CI · 15-1254.00

  • Surveyors

    Surveyors check survey records, cadastral and ownership material, determine position, elevation and boundaries, compile sketches, maps, reports and boundary descriptions, and carry result review and certification responsibility according to the jurisdiction and duties. The work connects field surveying, office calculation and engineering collaboration; knowing how to use instruments is not the same as being able to certify property boundaries independently.

    CRI · 17-1022.00

  • Commercial Pilot

    Pilots and navigates fixed-wing aircraft or helicopters on nonscheduled flights; a commercial pilot's license is required; includes charter pilots with similar licenses and air ambulance and aerial tour pilots; excludes airline pilots of regional, domestic, and international airlines: verify per checklist whether the aircraft's engines and controls and instruments and other systems are normal; obtain and review payload weight and fuel supply and weather conditions and flight schedules and plan the flight; calculate the speed required for lift-off considering airport elevation and outside temperature and aircraft weight and wind direction and speed; verify baggage or cargo loading and submit an instrument flight plan to air traffic control; start engines and pilot and monitor engines and fuel and aircraft systems per procedure; use radio to contact control towers for takeoff clearance and arrival instructions and request altitude or route changes as circumstances require; select route and altitude and speed and fill in flight records; supervise the crew and instruct other pilots and students, and conduct rescue and evacuation when needed; and operate large drones or unmanned aircraft for commercial purposes.

    CRE · 53-2012.00

  • Biological technicians

    Biological technicians help prepare materials, check equipment, record work and flag deviations under the direction of researchers or team leads. Research support and manufacturing have different requirements. Check the actual duties and institutional procedures. BLS projects U.S. biological technicians (19-4021) from about 74,400 jobs in 2025 to 79,900 in 2035, up 7.4%, a net gain of about 5,500, with about 9,400 annual openings from growth and replacement. The 2025 baseline includes 0.1% self-employment.

    CRI · 19-4021.00

  • Telecommunications Engineering Specialists

    Telecommunications engineering specialists specify equipment or networks, diagnose service issues and coordinate upgrades. Design and support both depend on traceable standards and equipment records.

    CRI · 15-1241.01

  • Industrial Engineer

    Industrial engineers design and evaluate systems that combine people, equipment, materials and information. They may improve production flow, quality, logistics or cost. A useful recommendation balances throughput with safety and quality.

    CIR · 17-2112.00

  • Biomass power plant managers

    Biomass power plant managers coordinate operations, maintenance and safety. They review operating records, staffing, fuel supply and budgets and track who owns unresolved problems. A position may cover one specialty or an entire plant. Operating and approval authority depends on the role, equipment and plant procedures. BLS projects the U.S. Industrial Production Managers parent group (11-3051) from about 252,100 jobs in 2025 to 258,600 in 2035, up 2.6%, a net gain of about 6,500, with about 17,000 annual openings from growth and replacement. The baseline includes 2.4% self-employment. It does not isolate biomass power plant managers.

    CRE · 11-3051.04

  • Cartographers and Photogrammetrists

    Cartographers and photogrammetrists turn imagery and survey data into mapped features and document accuracy, coordinates and versions.

    CIR · 17-1021.00

  • Waiters and waitresses

    Servers take orders, relay modifications and timing to the kitchen, check the table and bill, and handle feedback within their assignment.

    CSR · 35-3031.00

  • Amusement and Recreation Attendants

    Recreation attendants check tickets, guide visitors, manage lines and help with facilities. Ask whether the job gives visitor information or operates equipment. In mainland China, requirements for operating regulated large rides depend on the equipment and task.

    CSR · 39-3091.00

  • Airfield Operations Specialists

    Airfield operations specialists inspect airfield areas, record problems with pavement or markings, and hand findings to the people responsible for correction and reporting. Inspection, coordination and safety management have different outputs. Check the job’s access, reporting and decision authority.

    CRE · 53-2022.00

  • Flight Attendants

    Flight attendants complete work involving the occupation’s subjects, processes, quality, and delivery; check specific tasks, training, qualifications, agreements, and authorization against original texts from the relevant locality and employer.

    CSR · 53-2031.00

  • Funeral Arranger

    Funeral arrangers work with families to plan individual services and coordinate the people, records and facilities involved. U.S. pay and outlook on this page use 39-4031, which also includes morticians and undertakers.

    CES · 39-4031.00

  • Morticians, Undertakers, and Funeral Arrangers

    Morticians, undertakers, and funeral arrangers (O*NET-SOC 39-4031.00) arrange and direct individual funeral services: interview families or other authorized people to confirm details; obtain information for legal documents such as death certificates and burial permits; coordinate transportation, embalming, and care of remains; contact cemeteries and clergy officiating ceremonies; arrange pallbearers and transportation for mourners; and maintain financial records and daily funeral home operations.

    CES · 39-4031.00

  • Anesthesiologist Assistants

    Anesthesiologist assistants support perioperative monitoring, preparation and documentation under physician anesthesiologist supervision. US authority varies by state; mainland China has a different role structure.

    CSI · 29-1071.01

  • Brownfield redevelopment specialists and site managers

    Brownfield redevelopment specialists and site managers coordinate investigation, cleanup and reuse of contaminated sites. Reuse depends on evidence and approvals.

    CER · 11-9199.11

Other occupations with shared interests

  • Hand packer

    According to orders and packaging specifications, manually inspect, meter, sort, box, seal, and label products, record quantities and anomalies, and deliver verifiable parcels or batches.

    RC · 53-7064.00

  • Computer, Automated Teller, and Office Machine Repairers

    Repair, maintain or install computers, word processing systems, automated teller machines and office electronic equipment such as copiers and fax machines: travel to customers' stores or offices to repair equipment or provide emergency repair service; talk with customers to establish the fault details and disassemble machines to inspect parts for wear or defects; use oscilloscopes and multimeters or diagnostic software to test circuits to locate defects; use hand or power tools to repair, adjust or replace electrical or mechanical parts and reassemble; assemble, align, adjust and calibrate to specifications; operate machines to test function; install and configure new equipment and operating system software and peripherals; reinstall or adjust software settings; update existing equipment; maintain parts inventory and order spare parts; explain operation and maintenance to customers; and maintain repair records and complete bills and time cards and expense reports.

    RC · 49-2011.00

  • Statisticians

    Statisticians design data collection and analysis around a question, interpret uncertainty, and explain where results apply.

    IC · 15-2041.00

  • Social Science Research Assistants

    Social science research assistants support data collection, records, and quality checks, keeping a trace of sources and processing steps.

    IC · 19-4061.00

  • Administrative services managers

    Administrative services managers coordinate office support, budgets and records. They handle late deliveries or missing documentation and send decisions to the right approver. Check authority over facilities, payments and personnel separately.

    ECS · 11-3012.00

  • Postmasters and Mail Superintendents

    Postmasters and mail superintendents oversee a post office or mail operation. They schedule staff, coordinate mail processing and handoffs, resolve complaints, train employees, and report issues. Responsibilities and approval authority vary by facility.

    ECS · 11-9131.00

  • Power Distributors and Dispatchers

    Power distributors and dispatchers monitor the system and coordinate distribution activity and clearances. Their logs tell the next shift what has been confirmed and what still needs review.

    RC · 51-8012.00

  • Bioinformatics technicians

    Bioinformatics technicians help organize biological data, run analysis workflows and check quality. They document inputs, settings, outputs and exceptions so results can be reproduced.

    ICR · 15-2099.01

  • Computer Systems Analysts

    Computer systems analysts analyze business and technical problems, turn requirements into implementable system solutions, and take responsibility for solution evidence, change records and deployment results.

    IC · 15-1211.00

  • Operations research analyst

    Use mathematical modeling, optimization, simulation, and data analysis to help organizations compare options under constraints such as cost, time, resources, and logistics, and explain assumptions and limitations to decision makers.

    IC · 15-2031.00

  • Electrical and Electronics Drafters

    Turn confirmed electrical or electronic design inputs into schematics, wiring diagrams and lists. Check terminals, sheet numbers and revisions, and refer conflicts to engineering.

    RC · 17-3012.00

  • Surveying and mapping technicians

    Surveying and mapping technicians usually collect, organise and check spatial data under the supervision of engineers, surveyors or mapping professionals, calculate survey results and produce or update maps. Field instruments, office data and layer quality checks are connected; the technician's assistance is not the same as obtaining the authority of an independent surveyor to practise or publish results. Use the fictional coordinates first to check the units, layers and delivery limits.

    RCI · 17-3031.00

  • Power operators

    Power operators (O*NET-SOC 51-8011.00, Nuclear Power Reactor Operators) operate or control nuclear reactors from nuclear power plant main control rooms: moving control rods and regulating reactivity and power under standard procedures, monitoring coolant temperature and flow, and starting and stopping equipment; monitoring plant-wide operating parameters, recording operating data and performing periodic tests; determining causes of abnormalities and recommending or taking corrective action; implementing lockout, tagging and isolation to support maintenance; responding to accident conditions under emergency operating procedures; and participating in authorization and supervision of nuclear fuel handling, radiation monitoring and sampling. This page uses only official sources to explain occupational scope, tasks, Chinese and US qualification and authorization boundaries, and wage and employment statistical definitions.

    RC · 51-8011.00

  • Telemarketers

    Telemarketers use calls to explain goods, services or fundraising campaigns, answer questions and record responses, orders or follow-up.

    ECS · 41-9041.00

  • Biofuels Processing Technicians

    Biofuels processing technicians log materials, monitor fermentation or reactions and check equipment and batch records. Procedures define who responds to alarms or makes repairs.

    RCI · 51-8099.01

  • Transportation, storage and distribution managers

    Transportation, storage and distribution managers coordinate receiving, storage, shipping and staff. They also monitor equipment or warehouse conditions that can affect where goods go and when they arrive.

    EC · 11-3071.00

  • Penetration Testers

    Penetration testers (O*NET 15-1299.04), under prior written authorization with a defined scope and stop conditions, simulate attacks to find security weaknesses in networks, applications, and systems; they record re-checkable evidence, risk impact, and remediation advice, and re-test with system owners. Testing real systems without authorization is not part of the exercise on this page.

    ICR · 15-1299.04

  • Real Estate Brokers

    Real estate brokers may handle transactions and run a brokerage, review files, or supervise agents. Check whether the role includes responsibility for office operations and transaction oversight.

    EC · 41-9021.00

  • Baggage Porters and Bellhops

    Baggage porters and bellhops receive, tag and move luggage and verify handoffs. Hotel bell staff may also guide guests. U.S. occupation 39-6011 groups those duties; compare concierge and other terminal jobs separately.

    RCS · 39-6011.00

  • Insurance Sales Agent

    Insurance sales agents discuss client needs, explain policy options and limitations, and help with applications or renewals within their authorization. Pay arrangements and licensing rules vary by location and employer.

    ECS · 41-3021.00

  • Purchasing Managers

    Purchasing managers set purchasing and contract procedures, lead purchasing staff, and review suppliers, contracts, budgets, and delivery terms. They approve decisions within delegated limits. U.S. 11-3061.00 includes some wholesale or retail merchandising managers.

    EC · 11-3061.00

  • Hand Laborers and Material Movers

    This guide compares hands-on roles in loading, moving, sorting and packing goods. Employers may separate or combine tasks. Physical demands, work schedules and equipment depend on the site. The U.S. figures in the main card cover only the hand freight and material moving component (53-7062).

    RC · 53-7062.00

  • Locksmiths and Safe Repairers

    Locksmiths and safe repairers inspect faults, repair or replace components within the authorized scope, and document equipment, requests and service status. Access requests require authorization checks.

    RC · 49-9094.00

  • Regulatory affairs managers

    Develops product regulatory strategy and filing plans, coordinates review of materials submitted to regulatory agencies, responds to regulatory questions, and coordinates development, quality, production, and marketing teams. The specific product, market, and applicable rules determine the submission requirements; a manager title does not automatically confer legal opinion, product release, or regulatory sign-off authority.

    EC · 11-9199.01

  • First-Line Supervisors of Gambling Services Workers

    Directly supervise and coordinate workers in designated gambling areas: circulate among tables and machines, observe operations, and ensure all stations and games are staffed each shift; supervise gambling operations under internal rules and jurisdictional regulations and ensure prompt, courteous service; observe gamblers for signs of cheating such as marked cards, card switching, or card counting and notify security; process and verify financial transaction paperwork; respond to and resolve complaints; verify and pay jackpots, reset slot machines after payouts, make minor repairs or adjustments, or recommend servicing; maintain knowledge of games and cheating methods; explain game rules, betting limits, and other internal rules; set and maintain game bankrolls and table limits; record machine fault details and follow up repairs; attend to patrons showing possible compulsive gambling and assist when necessary; oversee complimentary vouchers, rooms, discounts, and other benefits; enforce safety rules and report or remove hazards and underage, intoxicated, disruptive, or cheating patrons; assess employees and write performance evaluations; monitor stations and games and reassign dealers to ensure staffing; determine daily table openings and schedule accordingly; review operating expenses, budget estimates, betting accounts, and collection reports; set policies on gambling types, odds, and credit; interview and hire employees; and train, supervise, schedule, and evaluate staff.

    ECR · 39-1013.00

  • Securities, Commodities, and Financial Services Sales Agents

    Securities, commodities, and financial services sales roles serve individuals or institutions. Product explanations, transactions, and suitability obligations vary by role and jurisdiction.

    EC · 41-3031.00

  • Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific products

    This occupation represents wholesalers or manufacturers selling goods that require technical or scientific knowledge, explains product specifications and uses, demonstrates products, provides ongoing technical support, prepares quotes, orders and sales contracts, works with engineers and arranges installation and testing; sales representatives are not automatically regarded as sales engineers or product design owners.

    EC · 41-4011.00

  • Calibration Technologists and Technicians

    Calibration technicians compare instruments with reference standards, record deviations and conditions, and follow procedures for out-of-tolerance readings.

    RCI · 17-3028.00

  • Intelligence Analysts

    Intelligence analysts compare sources, distinguish established facts from uncertain judgments and brief authorized readers. U.S. law enforcement intelligence differs from mainland science and industry research. U.S. wages and projections cover the broader occupation only.

    ICE · 33-3021.06

  • Personal Financial Advisors

    Personal financial advisors review clients’ goals, cash flow and tolerance for risk before discussing options and follow-up. In a review, they separate changes in the client’s circumstances from assumptions in the original plan.

    ECS · 13-2052.00

  • Parts salesperson.

    At a repair shop or parts store, verifies replacement parts against the customer's equipment, vehicle, old part number, and fault description and confirms compatibility, stock, price, payment, shipping, and returns; difficult fitment must be verified with technicians or suppliers.

    RCE · 41-2022.00

  • School bus monitors

    School bus monitors help students board and exit, maintain order, and report missed handoffs or incidents. Driving and emergency roles follow the operator’s procedures.

    SCR · 33-9094.00

  • Parking attendant.

    Receives vehicle owners at parking lots or garages, issues or verifies tickets, directs spaces, parks and retrieves vehicles, charges fees, and handles keys and vehicle handoff; follows on-site traffic and cashiering procedures to prevent collisions, wrong vehicles, and property loss.

    RC · 53-6021.00

  • Petroleum pump system operators, refinery operators, and gaugers

    These roles cover petroleum transfer, refinery operations and tank gauging. Operators monitor instruments and equipment under site procedures and hand off readings, changes and open questions.

    RC · 51-8093.00

  • Conveyor Operators and Tenders

    Conveyor operators and tenders watch material flow and equipment readings, track loads or downtime, and report faults on assigned lines. Site training and task authorization determine who may adjust, clear, service or restart the equipment.

    RC · 53-7011.00

  • Survey researchers

    Survey researchers translate research questions into sampling and questionnaire designs, organize data collection and explain the sample, methods and limitations to people using the results.

    IC · 19-3022.00

  • Nuclear monitoring technicians

    Nuclear monitoring technicians (O*NET-SOC 19-4051.02) collect and test samples to monitor nuclear experiment results and radioactive contamination of personnel, facilities and the environment: using detectors and instruments to determine radiation intensity and type in work areas, equipment or materials; monitoring personnel exposure and area radiation levels; calculating safe exposure times from site contamination readings and prescribed safety levels; collecting and analyzing air, water, gas or solid samples; installing and testing area radiation alarm equipment; providing initial response to alarms or abnormal events; guiding radiation safety procedures and protective equipment use; preparing contamination testing and decontamination reports and radiation work permits; and disposing of radioactive waste under procedures. This page uses only official sources to explain occupational scope, tasks, preparation requirements, Chinese and US statistical definitions, and authorization boundaries.

    RCI · 19-4051.02

  • Security Managers

    Security managers oversee an organization’s security work, personnel, and resources. They review control implementation and escalate decisions through the organization’s procedures.

    EC · 11-3013.01

  • Agricultural inspectors

    Agricultural inspectors check products, facilities or activities against applicable rules, record evidence and flag corrective action. Inspection records and formal decisions follow separate authority.

    RCI · 45-2011.00

  • Equal Opportunity Representatives and Officers

    Monitor and evaluate compliance with equal opportunity laws, guidelines, and policies to ensure that employment practices and contracting arrangements do not discriminate on the basis of race, religion, color, national origin, sex, age, or disability: receive and investigate complaints, interview relevant parties, mediate disputes, develop and monitor anti-discrimination guidelines, and provide training and consultation to managers and employees.

    ECS · 13-1041.03

  • Semiconductor Processing Technicians

    Semiconductor processing technicians (O*NET 51-9141.00) clean and load and unload wafers per work orders, operate specialised equipment, monitor parameters and inspect and record defects. U.S. 2025 wages and 2025–2035 employment come from the 51-9141 occupational line; Chinese urban unit averages are industry background only and are not this occupation's precise wage.

    RC · 51-9141.00

  • Gambling Managers

    In licensed U.S. settings, managers coordinate operations and staffing, supervise services and handle escalations. Approval authority depends on site rules and regulatory requirements.

    EC · 11-9071.00

  • Supply chain managers

    Supply chain managers coordinate purchasing, inventory, warehousing and transport. They compare lead times, stock risks and costs and coordinate responses to shortages or changed arrival dates.

    EC · 11-3071.04

  • Facilities Managers

    Facilities managers organize work around facilities, equipment, budgets, contracts, materials, and supplier delivery, and continuously verify safety, compliance, quality, exceptions, and authorization boundaries.

    ECR · 11-3013.00

  • Gas Compressor and Pumping Station Operator

    Gas compressor station operators monitor compressors, instruments and station conditions that support gas movement. They document readings and report deviations under site procedures. Gas processing operators focus more on treatment and product specifications.

    RC · 53-7071.00

  • Financial Managers

    Oversee accounting, investment, banking, insurance, securities, and other financial activities at a branch, office, or department: develop and implement financial plans and budgets; prepare and review financial and regulatory reports; manage cash flows and financial instruments; arrange credit, credit facilities, and investments; establish custody and internal-control procedures for assets, records, collateral, and securities; evaluate financial reporting systems, accounting, and collection processes and recommend improvements; recruit, train, and assess staff; communicate with shareholders and investors and support financing; make approval and authorization decisions within regulatory and internal-control frameworks and take responsibility for the results.

    EC · 11-3031.00

  • Phlebotomists

    Phlebotomists (O*NET 31-9097.00) collect blood samples for testing, transfusion, donation, or research, check patient identities and sample labels, hand samples over, explain procedures to patients, and observe adverse reactions. Working with patient identities, test or collection requests, sample labels, times, and handover records, they produce identity-to-sample matching records, incident reports, and traceable handovers. Invasive blood collection, infection prevention, and adverse reaction management must be performed by trained and authorized personnel under institutional procedures. Work settings, qualifications, and final responsibility must be checked against local and institutional rules.

    RCI · 31-9097.00

  • First-Line Supervisors of Housekeeping and Janitorial Workers

    Directly supervise and coordinate cleaners in hotels, hospitals, offices, and other premises: inspect completed work against specifications and established standards; personally perform or assist cleaning when needed; prepare staff schedules; establish and implement departmental operating standards and procedures; assess facilities' physical conditions to determine required work; inventory and issue supplies and equipment and forecast staffing and stock needs for scheduling and ordering; inspect and maintain equipment for availability; maintain hours, budget, payroll, and other required records; direct activities to interrupt infection transmission in hospitals and similar settings; recommend or arrange additional services such as painting, repairs, renovation, and furniture and equipment replacement; coordinate departments for efficient, timely service; investigate service and equipment complaints and take corrective action; instruct employees in policies, procedures, and equipment use and maintenance; select and order or purchase equipment, supplies, or furniture; prepare activity, personnel, and information reports covering occupancy, hours, facility use, completed work, and departmental spending; discuss performance, personnel issues, and policies with employees; assess performance and recommend promotions, transfers, and dismissals; recommend service and efficiency improvements; estimate costs and prepare and manage budgets; screen applicants and hire staff; perform grounds maintenance such as snow removal and mowing; select cleaning materials for different linens, furniture, floors, and surfaces; notify management, front desks, or admissions staff of available rooms; and oversee in-house laundry, maintenance and repairs, dry-cleaning, or valet services.

    ECR · 37-1011.00

  • Gas Plant Operator

    Gas plant operators monitor gas processing or distribution equipment, record changes and report deviations under plant procedures. Depending on the facility, the work may involve treatment, separation or coordinating product movement.

    RC · 51-8092.00

  • Geological Technician

    Geological technicians collect and check data for geologists or engineers. They may label cores, analyze drill cuttings, record borehole conditions or prepare samples for testing. This profile excludes the hydrologic technician occupation, though some projects involve water monitoring.

    RCI · 19-4043.00

  • Sales Managers

    Sales managers set territories and goals, coach staff, and adjust assignments using sales and customer information.

    EC · 11-2022.00

  • Retail Salespersons

    Retail salespersons work directly with customers to compare products, check stock and prices, and follow up within store policy.

    EC · 41-2031.00

  • Driver/sales workers

    Deliver goods along a route and handle the sales duties assigned to the job. Check stock and proof of delivery, then record sales, replenishment or returns as applicable and reconcile under employer procedures.

    RCE · 53-3031.00

  • Compensation and benefits managers

    Compensation and benefits managers plan, direct, or coordinate an organization's compensation and benefits activities, including compensation policy and market benchmarking, benefit policy evaluation, reporting duties, budget, personnel data, and employee communication; negotiation and merger integration and hearings are undertaken depending on the specific position. Plan and signing authority is confirmed against employer policy, and retirement benefit fiduciary responsibility is judged by the applicable jurisdiction and actual management function.

    ECS · 11-3111.00

  • First-Line Supervisors of Office and Administrative Support Workers

    Directly supervise and coordinate the work activities of clerical and administrative support personnel: supervise the work of office, administrative, or customer service employees to ensure compliance with quality standards, deadlines, and procedures and correct them when errors or problems arise; resolve customer complaints or answer customers' questions about policies and procedures; provide guidance to employees on handling difficult or complex problems or on defusing escalated complaints and disputes; review records or reports concerning production, payroll, shipping, and the like to verify details, monitor work activities, or evaluate performance; discuss performance problems with employees to identify causes and resolve them; prepare and issue work schedules, deadlines, and task assignments for office or administrative staff; recruit, interview, and select employees; explain and communicate work procedures and company policies to staff; evaluate employee performance and compliance and recommend corresponding personnel actions; train or instruct employees in job duties and company policies or arrange training; research, compile, and prepare reports, manuals, correspondence, or other materials as required by management or government agencies; implement company or departmental policies, procedures, and service standards together with management personnel; compute figures such as balances, totals, and commissions; coordinate activities with other supervisors or with other work units or departments; participate in the work of subordinates to improve efficiency or overcome difficult links in the work; advise management on issues such as staffing or procedural changes; develop or update procedures, policies, or standards; maintain records such as inventory, personnel, orders, supplies, and equipment maintenance; consult with managers or other personnel to resolve problems such as equipment performance, output quality, and work scheduling; develop work schedules based on budgets and workloads; analyze the financial activities of the establishment or department and provide input for budget preparation and preparation; design, implement, or evaluate employee training and development programs, customer service initiatives, or performance measurement standards; understand the terms of labor agreements and their impact on departmental operations; coordinate or perform activities related to transportation, receiving, distribution, or shipping; monitor inventory levels and requisition or purchase supplies as needed; plan or coordinate office services such as the procurement or organization of equipment or supplies, asset disposal, relocation, parking, maintenance, or security services; arrange necessary maintenance or repair work; and plan the layout of stockrooms, warehouses, or other storage areas after considering factors such as turnover, size, and weight.

    ECS · 43-1011.00

  • Airline and Commercial Pilots

    Airline pilots usually fly fixed-wing aircraft on scheduled passenger or cargo routes. Commercial pilots may fly charter or other missions. U.S. BLS groups both under 53-2010. The occupation Commercial Pilots (53-2012) is distinct from a commercial pilot certificate. Verify licensing, ratings, operating rules, and operator training for the jurisdiction and role.

    RCE · 53-2011.00

  • Airline Pilots, Copilots, and Flight Engineers

    Airline pilots and copilots share flight, communication, monitoring and recordkeeping duties. The US category also covers flight engineers; Chinese pilot roles have their own classifications.

    RCE · 53-2011.00

  • Business continuity planners

    Business continuity planners map critical services, dependencies and disruption impacts. They define recovery priorities and test handoffs in exercises.

    ECI · 13-1199.04

  • Food Science Technicians

    Food science technicians carry out work involving this occupation's materials, processes, quality requirements, and deliverables. Specific duties, training, qualifications, agreements, and authorization must be checked against the original requirements of the location and employer.

    RCI · 19-4013.00

  • Glass Blowers, Molders, Benders and Finishers

    Glass blowers and formers shape glass to a pattern by blowing, molding, bending or finishing it. They check dimensions and defects before handing off the work. U.S. wages and projections cover the broader parent occupation.

    RC · 51-9195.04

  • Audio and Video Technicians

    Audio and video technicians set up, test, run and strike equipment for events or recordings. They trace inputs and outputs against the run sheet and document faults. Unclear power, rigging or authorization goes to the responsible person.

    RC · 27-4011.00

  • Industrial Engineering Technician

    Industrial engineering technicians collect measurements, document production conditions and support process trials. Their records help engineers test whether a layout or process works. Work may include time studies or production documentation.

    RCI · 17-3026.00

  • Railroad Conductors and Yardmasters

    U.S. O*NET 53-4031.00 groups two work settings: conductors coordinate crews on passenger or freight trains, while yardmasters review schedules and switching sequences and coordinate work in the yard. Duties may overlap. In mainland China, check on-board passenger service, station operations and switching as separate roles.

    RCE · 53-4031.00

  • First-Line Supervisors of Retail Sales Workers

    Directly supervise and coordinate the activities of retail sales workers in an establishment or department; in addition to supervisory duties, may also take on management functions such as purchasing, budgeting, accounting, and personnel: provide customer service by greeting and assisting customers and responding to customer inquiries and complaints; direct and supervise employees engaged in sales, inventory-taking, reconciling cash receipts, or in performing services for customers; inspect merchandise to ensure that prices and displays are correct and that merchandise functions as advertised; monitor sales activities to ensure that customers receive satisfactory service and quality goods; instruct staff on how to handle difficult and complicated sales; assign employees to specific duties; keep records of purchases, sales, and requisitions; participate in the work of subordinates, such as cleaning and organizing shelves and displays and selling merchandise; formulate and prepare work schedules and keep records of employees' schedules and time cards; review inventory and sales records to prepare reports for management and budget departments; take inventory and reorder when inventory drops to a specified level; formulate and implement policies and goals and objectives and procedures for the department; examine products purchased for resale or received for storage to assess their condition; enforce safety and health and security rules; estimate consumer demand and determine the types and quantities of goods to be sold; confer with company management to develop methods and procedures to improve sales and expand markets and promote business; establish pricing policies for merchandise in accordance with profitability requirements; hire and train and evaluate personnel in sales or marketing establishments and promote or terminate employees as appropriate; plan and coordinate advertising campaigns and sales promotions and prepare merchandise displays and advertising copy; establish credit policies and operating procedures; and plan budgets and authorize payments and merchandise returns.

    ECS · 41-1011.00

  • Housekeeping Cleaner

    Housekeeping cleaners clean and organize rooms in settings such as hotels and private homes. They may change linen, replenish supplies and report issues. Duties vary by setting.

    RC · 37-2012.00

  • Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Except Technical and Scientific Products

    Wholesale and manufacturing sales representatives explain products, quantities, and prices to business customers and coordinate supply, orders, and follow-up.

    EC · 41-4012.00

  • Industrial Production Manager

    Industrial production managers coordinate manufacturing schedules, staffing and resources. They track quality, output, cost and safety and resolve issues that affect delivery. Authority varies by plant.

    ECR · 11-3051.00

  • Telecommunications Equipment Installers and Repairers, Except Line Installers

    Telecommunications equipment installers and repairers install, test or service communications equipment and connections at equipment sites. They use diagrams and test records to isolate faults and hand off findings.

    RC · 49-2022.00

  • Geodetic Surveyor

    Geodetic surveyors measure positions and elevations across large areas. Their work helps different surveys use a common reference. They may collect satellite observations or check control measurements; U.S. wage and outlook data cover all surveyors, not this specialty alone.

    RIC · 17-1022.01

  • Validation engineers

    Validation engineers translate requirements into tests and acceptance criteria and document results and deviations for traceability.

    ICR · 17-2112.02

  • Fire Inspectors and Investigators

    Inspect buildings to detect fire hazards and enforce local ordinances and state laws, or investigate and gather facts to determine the cause of fires and explosions: includes conducting premises inspections and hazard determinations under fire codes, testing and acceptance-testing fire protection and detection systems, checking premises where hazardous materials are stored or used and issuing permits, examining fire and explosion scenes and collecting physical evidence for laboratory submission, writing inspection and investigation conclusion reports, and carrying out public fire education and evacuation drills.

    RCI · 33-2021.00

  • Human Resources Manager

    HR managers plan and coordinate an organization’s people operations. They may lead an HR team, work with department leaders on staffing and decide which policy or employee issues need further review. Approval authority varies by organization.

    ECS · 11-3121.00

  • Geothermal Technician

    Geothermal technicians monitor and maintain equipment, log readings and help find faults. Some work in geothermal power plants; others install or service heat pumps. U.S. wages and projections here cover a broader installation and repair occupation.

    RCI · 49-9099.01

  • Nuclear Technicians

    Nuclear Technicians (O*NET-SOC 19-4051.00, Nuclear Technicians) assist nuclear physicists, nuclear engineers, or other scientists in laboratory, power generation, and electricity production activities: operating, testing, and maintaining nuclear equipment according to nuclear equipment operating policies and radiation worker procedures, performing surveillance tests to judge equipment safety status, monitoring reactor equipment performance and identifying inefficiencies, hazards, or maintenance needs, tagging equipment awaiting repair and implementing isolation, using detectors or other instruments to measure the intensity and type of radiation in work areas, equipment, or materials, calculating operating factors such as exposure time, dose, and gamma intensity using standard formulas, collecting and testing air, water, gas, or solid samples, performing decontamination, and setting up area radiation anomaly alarm devices. This page uses only official sources to explain the occupational scope, tasks, Chinese and U.S. statistical scope, and authorization boundaries.

    RCI · 19-4051.00

  • Transportation planners

    Transportation planners research proposed transportation projects, collect and analyse data and compare transportation scenarios and schemes. This page uses the United States O*NET19-3099.01 task basis, distinguishing the parent group wage and employment proxy, the Chinese project requirements and the actual authority; the fictional commuting prompt can be used to experience the formulas, the budget and the opinion revision.

    ICR · 19-3099.01

  • Power Plant Operators

    Power plant operators monitor generating equipment and instrument readings, record changes under site procedures and hand them off to the crew. An unusual reading should be traceable to its source point and time.

    RC · 51-8013.00

  • Door-to-door sales workers, news and street vendors, and related workers

    Door-to-Door Sales Workers, News and Street Vendors, and Related Workers (United States side, O*NET-SOC 41-9091.00) is a non-store face-to-face direct selling position: selling goods or services door to door or along the street; determining potential customers or a vending location and preparing samples and explanatory materials and payment money, explaining the goods or services and price to potential customers and demonstrating, checking customer needs and answering questions about product functions and benefits, persuading customers to buy and recording or entering orders, and organizing purchasing meetings and seeking sponsorship when necessary; arranging delivery or same-spot delivery and payment with change and vouchers and invoices, distributing samples or materials, restocking and tidying the display, keeping service records and contacting customers to confirm satisfaction, and training newly recruited staff or other employees when necessary; the employment form may be employed, commission-based or self-employed (individual business operator). United States scope: the BLS 2025 wage data median is 41,380 US dollars per year (19.89 US dollars per hour), with annual percentiles of 32,010／36,470／41,380／47,390／51,470 US dollars (hourly percentiles 15.39／17.54／19.89／22.78／24.74); this scope is employed wage statistics, OEWS does not cover the self-employed, and commissions and expense reimbursement and irregular business income do not necessarily enter the same scope; the O*NET summary page gives employment of about 25,300 in 2024, a 2024—2034 projection of decline (-1% or lower) and about 2,700 projected job openings (the source gives only the category and not a specific percentage, and this page states it in the original wording); the preparation level is Job Zone 1-2 (SVP below 6.0), the interest code is ECR, the education feedback is 57% less than high school and 43% high school or equivalent, and there are 14 tasks; the work context includes continuous contact with others 52% (another 43% in contact most of the time), face-to-face discussions every day 36% (another 50% weekly or more), telephone conversations every day 55%, dealing with external customers or the public extremely important 70%, decision freedom very much 88%, precision or accuracy extremely important 17%, facing time pressure every day 17%, working hours irregular 67%, standing about half the time 46%, dealing with unpleasant or angry or rude people monthly or more 38%, conflict situations yearly or more 50%, level of competition extremely competitive 13%, and use email every day 70%. Chinese mainland scope: business activity should involve truthful and comprehensive explanation, clearly marked prices, provision of vouchers, protection of personal information and handling of complaints (under the Consumer Rights and Interests Protection Law of the People's Republic of China); engaging in individual business and vending and mobile business should meet local market supervision and urban management requirements, and where food is involved should also meet food safety requirements (cited by regulation and rule name and general requirements, without checking article numbers item by item); on the United States side, in door-to-door or other off-premises transactions covered by the federal rule, the seller must disclose the three-business-day cancellation right to the consumer under 16 CFR Part 429 (the FTC cooling-off rule), and whether it applies depends on amount, location, goods or services and exceptions. This occupation has no uniform access-type professional qualification in the Chinese mainland. Public statistics have not established an occupation-level wage scope corresponding to this occupation, and this page truthfully retains the gap.

    ECR · 41-9091.00

  • Speech-language pathology assistants

    Speech-language pathology assistants carry out assigned activities, document performance, and report to the supervising professional. Interpretation and plan changes follow local authority.

    SCI · 31-9099.01

  • Transit and railroad police

    Transit and railroad police patrol or respond to incidents at stations, lines and rail facilities, documenting events that affect passengers, staff or property.

    RC · 33-3052.00

  • Lodging Manager

    Lodging managers coordinate people and resources across a hotel or other accommodation. They monitor service and business performance, set priorities and handle issues that span departments. Scope varies by property.

    ECS · 11-9081.00

  • Historian

    Historians investigate questions about the past using archives, published records, interviews or other evidence. They check where sources came from and explain what the evidence can and cannot support. Their work may appear in reports, publications or exhibits.

    IC · 19-3093.00

  • Food Batchmakers

    Food batchmakers carry out work involving this occupation's objects, processes, quality, and delivery; check specific tasks, training, qualifications, protocols, and authority against original local and employer documentation.

    RC · 51-3092.00

  • Photonics Technicians

    Photonics technicians help set up and maintain optical test equipment, check calibration status and record samples and readings against the designated procedure. Engineers use those records to trace measurement conditions.

    RCI · 17-3029.08

  • Electrical and electronics repairers, powerhouse, substation, and relay

    Under U.S. O*NET-SOC 49-2095.00, inspect, test, repair, or maintain electrical equipment in powerhouses, substations, and in-service relays: read controlled drawings and setting sheets, test equipment and circuits with instruments, repair and replace components, check protection settings and record results, then retest and submit for confirmation by an authorized role that equipment may resume operation.

    RCI · 49-2095.00

  • Traffic technicians

    Traffic technicians survey traffic volume, speed and traffic facility conditions under the direction of a traffic engineer, organise records, review anomalies and provide charts and handover material. The United States identity is O*NET53-6041.00, and the standalone wage and employment statistics keep their own period. You can first complete the T1—T3 fictional counting exercise to observe data discipline and correction ability; paper works do not authorise field surveys, equipment operation or signal changes.

    RCI · 53-6041.00

  • Team assemblers

    Team assemblers coordinate across stations, build parts to drawings and work orders, and check the output. When rotating stations, they hand off completed work and items awaiting review.

    RCE · 51-2092.00

  • Dining Room and Cafeteria Attendants and Bartender Helpers

    Dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers (O*NET 35-9011.00) set and clear tables, replenish tableware and bar supplies, and may help deliver meals. Servers focus on taking orders and serving tables; bartenders focus on preparing and serving drinks. Duties can overlap, so check who is authorized to handle payments, refunds, alcohol, or allergy questions.

    RCS · 35-9011.00

  • Computer hardware engineer

    Research, design, develop or test computer and computer-related equipment for commercial, industrial, military or scientific use, and possibly supervise its manufacture and installation: discuss with engineers and consult specifications to assess hardware and software interfaces and system operation and performance requirements; design and develop computer hardware and supporting peripherals, including central processing units and support logic and microprocessors and custom integrated circuits and printers and disk drives; select hardware and materials and ensure they meet specifications and product requirements; evaluate cost and safety and reporting format requirements to determine hardware configuration; specify power supply requirements and configuration; build and test and modify product prototypes using working models built through computer simulation or theoretical models; test and validate hardware and supporting peripherals by recording and analyzing test data; write detailed functional specifications and document the hardware development process; provide technical support to designers and marketing and sales and suppliers and engineers; instruct technicians and engineering design staff; provide training and support to system designers and users; and monitor equipment function and make necessary modifications.

    RIC · 17-2061.00

  • Motion Picture Projectionists

    Motion picture projectionists (O*NET-SOC 39-3021.00) set up and operate film projection and related sound reproduction equipment: check projection equipment and screen and curtain controls before screenings; adjust picture size and focus and sound volume and tone; start projectors and monitor picture and sound quality while screening for multiple auditoriums; import digital content and unlocking keys; perform scheduled maintenance such as lamp replacement and lens cleaning; handle minor repairs; and record projection and repair activities.

    RC · 39-3021.00

  • First-Line Supervisors of Passenger Attendants

    Supervise and coordinate the activities of passenger attendants: enforce safety rules and regulations; resolve customer complaints about employee performance or the services provided; inspect materials and inventory and vehicles and equipment and facilities to ensure they are safe, defect-free, and meet specifications; train employees in operating procedures and functions and explain company policies; compute or estimate cash and compensation and transportation or staffing needs; inspect work areas or operating equipment to ensure they meet established standards for cleanliness or maintenance; recommend and implement measures to improve employee motivation and work methods or customer service; meet with managers or other supervisors to learn about changes affecting operations; explain the interests or special needs of specific groups to employees; observe and evaluate employee appearance and performance to ensure service quality and compliance with specifications; explain and demonstrate work tasks to new employees or assign training tasks to experienced employees; take disciplinary measures to address performance problems; analyze and record personnel or operations data and write reports on activities; confer with customers and supervisors and contractors or other personnel to exchange information or resolve problems; apply customer feedback to service improvement; participate in continuing education to keep up with industry trends and developments; request necessary supplies and equipment or services; direct or coordinate the activities of employees, such as flight or train crew members; and recruit and hire employees.

    ECS · 53-1044.00

  • Recycling coordinators

    Recycling coordinators supervise municipal or corporate curbside collection and drop-off recycling programs: they arrange routes and staffing, verify collection and delivery records, handle service requests, train workers, and coordinate safety and compliance. Specific budget, contract, equipment, and on-site disposal authority depends on the employer and location.

    ECR · 53-1042.01

  • General and Operations Managers

    General and operations managers coordinate day-to-day operations across departments or locations. They review delivery figures with site supervisors, allocate staff and materials, and follow up on problems that cross team boundaries. The U.S. occupation 11-1021 excludes first-line supervisors. Chief executives typically have broader strategy and governance duties, with actual responsibilities set by the organization.

    EC · 11-1021.00

  • Chemical Technicians

    Chemical technicians prepare samples, run instruments, check quality controls and document results for research or quality teams.

    IRC · 19-4031.00

  • First-Line Supervisors of Landscaping, Lawn Service, and Groundskeeping Workers

    Schedule grounds maintenance crews, check site quality and safety, and coordinate quotes, tools and supplies. Common settings include parks, properties and sports grounds.

    ECR · 37-1012.00

  • Electrical and electronics repairers, commercial and industrial equipment

    Check fault records, inspect commercial equipment or industrial controls under a work order, and document repairs, rechecks and return status. Ask which equipment and decisions are within the role.

    RCI · 49-2094.00

  • First-Line Supervisors of Material-Moving Machine and Vehicle Operators

    Directly supervise and coordinate the activities of material-moving machine and vehicle operators and helpers. Tasks include enforcing safety rules and procedures; explaining transportation or tariff regulations, waybills, safety rules, or organizational policies and procedures to employees; resolving employee problems or working with employees to help resolve them; communicating with customers, supervisors, contractors or others to exchange information or resolve problems; planning work assignments and equipment allocations to meet transportation, operations or production goals; inspecting, measuring or weighing goods or materials to determine specific handling requirements; explaining and demonstrating tasks to new employees or assigning training tasks to experienced employees; reviewing orders, production schedules, drawings or shipping and receiving notices to determine work sequences and the dates, types, quantities and destinations of material shipments; driving vehicles or operating machinery and equipment to complete tasks or assist employees; inspecting or testing materials, inventory, vehicles, equipment or facilities to ensure safety, freedom from defects and conformity to specifications; maintaining or checking records of work hours, materials, expenses or crew activities; requisitioning personnel, supplies, equipment, spare parts or repair services; recommending and implementing measures to improve employee motivation, equipment performance, work methods or customer service; preparing, compiling and submitting reports on work activities, operations, production or occupational injuries; dispatching personnel and vehicles in response to emergency reports received by telephone or radio; supervising on-site operations to ensure proper work practices and material use; recommending or implementing personnel actions such as selection, evaluation, rewards or discipline; performing or arranging repairs or preventive maintenance for vehicles and other equipment; calculating or estimating cash, payroll, transportation, personnel or storage requirements; assisting employees with tasks such as loading vehicles; directing personnel engaged in transportation or related services, such as pumping, moving, storing or handling materials; and developing and establishing work schedules.

    ECR · 53-1043.00

  • Textile cutting machine setters, operators and tenders

    Textile cutting machine operators set up jobs from patterns or digital layouts, inspect the size and shape of cut pieces, and report pattern discrepancies at handoff.

    RC · 51-6062.00

  • Hydroelectric Production Manager

    Hydroelectric production managers coordinate plant operations, staff and maintenance. Work can involve dispatch communication and coordination with water users and other stakeholders. U.S. pay and outlook use the broader industrial production managers occupation.

    RCE · 11-3051.06

  • Separating, Filtering, Clarifying, Precipitating, and Still Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders

    Separation and filtration equipment workers set up or monitor process equipment and record batches, samples, and anomalies. Materials and processes vary by industry.

    RC · 51-9012.00

  • Security and Fire Alarm Systems Installers

    Security and fire alarm systems installers (O*NET 49-2098) install, program, maintain and repair alarm equipment per work orders and drawings, test circuits, sensors, backup batteries and alarm functions, and explain use and false alarm handling to clients. Construction, fire and electrical requirements follow local codes and authorization.

    RCI · 49-2098.00

  • Biofuels Production Managers

    Biofuels production managers coordinate staffing, output, safety and plant operations. They investigate deviations and track corrective work.

    ECR · 11-3051.03

  • Bartenders

    Bartenders take orders, prepare drinks to recipes and guest requests, check applicable service requirements, and keep tickets and handovers clear. Hotel bars, restaurants and banquets differ in pace, stock duties and shifts.

    RCE · 35-3011.00

  • Medical Dosimetrists

    Medical dosimetrists prepare reviewable treatment plans based on a radiation oncologist’s prescription and work with medical physicists and radiation therapists to check and hand them off.

    ICR · 29-2036.00

  • Bailiffs

    U.S. bailiffs maintain courtroom order, support safety and hand off people or materials under agency procedures. Mainland Chinese judicial police, contract judicial police assistants and court clerks have distinct roles. Recruitment notices provide examples of related work.

    RCE · 33-3011.00

  • First-Line Supervisors of Non-Retail Sales Workers

    Directly supervise and coordinate the activities of sales workers other than retail sales workers; may perform budgeting, accounting and personnel duties in addition to supervision. Tasks include monitoring sales staff performance to ensure goals are met; assisting employees with difficult or complex duties; directing and supervising employees engaged in sales, inventory counts, checking cash receipts or providing specific services; listening to and resolving customer complaints about services, products or personnel; keeping purchasing, sales and requisition records; recruiting, training and evaluating personnel; communicating with company management to develop methods and procedures to increase sales, expand markets and promote business; preparing work schedules and assigning specific duties; attending company meetings to exchange product information and coordinate with other departments; visiting retailers and sales representatives to promote products and gather information; establishing merchandise pricing policies based on profitability requirements; preparing sales and inventory reports for management and budget departments; inspecting products purchased for resale or received for storage to determine condition; inspecting merchandise to ensure correct pricing and display and performance as advertised; analyzing sales territory details to assess growth potential and set quotas; counting inventory and replenishing stock at specified levels; coordinating promotions such as merchandise displays and advertising copy; and preparing leasing or rental agreements specifying charges and payment procedures for machinery, tools or other items.

    ECS · 41-1012.00

  • Real Estate Sales Agents

    Real estate sales agents match client needs to property listings, arrange viewings, and follow up on offers and paperwork. Local rules and employer procedures determine who can confirm terms or make commitments.

    ECS · 41-9022.00

  • Aircraft Cargo Handling Supervisors

    Aircraft cargo handling supervisors coordinate crews, check the loading plan against handling records and escalate discrepancies to the appropriate load-control or review staff. Ramp supervision, cargo station management and onboard load duties have different responsibilities and authority.

    ECR · 53-1041.00

  • Residential Advisors

    Residential advisors coordinate resident needs, supplies, repairs, and referrals and maintain handoff records.

    SCE · 39-9041.00

  • Sales Representatives of Services, Except Advertising, Insurance, Financial Services, and Travel

    Service sales representatives learn client needs, explain scope and terms, and coordinate quotes and handoffs. Authority to make commitments depends on the service.

    ECS · 41-3091.00

  • Property, real estate, and community association managers

    Property and community association managers coordinate ongoing operations, which may include resident requests, repairs, budgets, and service providers. Asset type and approval authority vary by role.

    EC · 11-9141.00

  • Endoscopy Technicians

    Under U.S. O*NET-SOC 31-9099.02, prepare and maintain endoscopy equipment during endoscopic procedures, assist at the operator's direction, and complete instrument reprocessing and traceability records according to protocol; job training, reprocessing authorization, and infection control requirements must be verified against the original local and institutional texts. (The U.S. wage and employment figures checked are broader-group figures.)

    RCI · 31-9099.02

  • Aerospace Engineering and Operations Technologists and Technicians

    Aerospace engineering and operations technologists and technicians turn a test plan into traceable instruments, equipment checks and original records. Test support, measurement and assembly quality have different outputs. When a certificate or version does not match, keep the original record and refer the decision to authorized staff.

    RCI · 17-3021.00

  • Wind Energy Operations Managers

    Wind operations managers coordinate staff and contractors, track downtime, work orders and parts, and schedule reviews and maintenance.

    ECR · 11-9199.09

  • Recycling and reclamation workers

    Recycling and reclamation workers sort paper, plastic, metal, glass, and other recyclables by material, remove items unsuitable for the process, and bale, move, weigh, and record the destination per on-site procedures. Equipment, vehicles, and suspected hazardous materials must be handled by trained, authorized personnel; when something is abnormal, stop work first, isolate, and escalate.

    RC · 53-7062.04

  • Detectives and Criminal Investigators

    Detectives and Criminal Investigators (O*NET-SOC 33-3021.00) are personnel who investigate conduct suspected of violating federal, state or local law in order to prevent or solve crime: obtaining facts or statements from complainants, witnesses and accused persons and recording interviews, checking records and government agency files to verify identity and connections, and determining the scope, timing and direction of the investigation; cordoning off or roping off the scene and checking the surrounding area, organizing the scene search and assigning tasks and areas, recording, marking and photographing scene objects and measuring the scene, searching for and collecting evidence such as fingerprints, and preserving, processing and analyzing evidence items; recording investigation progress and maintaining suspect files, submitting reports to superiors or a magistrate to apply for warrants, preparing and serving search and arrest warrants within the scope of authorization, testifying before a grand jury about criminal activity investigations, and preparing charges or defences and court case materials according to formal procedure, collaborating with other agencies and keeping surveillance or carrying out undercover assignments. United States scope: in the 2025 wage data for this occupation the median annual wage is 93,790 USD (median hourly 45.09 USD), with annual percentiles of 55,390 / 69,330 / 93,790 / 120,520 / 160,540 USD (hourly percentiles 26.63 / 33.33 / 45.09 / 57.94 / 77.18); 2024 employment is about 117,900 people, a decline is projected for 2024—2034 (-1% or lower) with about 7,800 projected openings; the BLS Occupational Outlook separately gives the Police and Detectives broad group as 824,200 positions in 2025, +3% for 2025—2035 and about 60,100 annual average openings; the preparation level is Job Zone Three (medium preparation, SVP 6.0 to below 7.0), usually requiring 1—2 years of training; the interest code is ICR; the work context includes dealing with the public 100% extremely important, email and telephone conversation both 100% every day, continuous contact with others 90%, importance of precision or accuracy 99% extremely important, consequences of error 82% extremely serious, typical workweek over 40 hours 67%, and outdoor exposure to various weather 60% every day. Mainland China scope: investigative work is carried out by people's police who have lawfully obtained law enforcement qualifications, who must meet the conditions set out in the People's Police Law of the People's Republic of China (at least eighteen years old, upholding the Constitution, good political, professional and personal conduct, good health, a high school education or above, and willingness to work as people's police; those who have previously been criminally punished or dismissed from public office may not serve), are generally recruited through public examination (including written examination, interview, physical fitness assessment, medical examination and political vetting), and are subject to a police rank system. Public statistics have not published occupational-level wages corresponding to this occupation, and this page retains the gap as it stands.

    ICR · 33-3021.00

  • First-Line Supervisors of Security Workers

    Directly supervise and coordinate the activities of security workers and security guards: responsible for scheduling and work assignment and pre-shift briefing, access control and visitor and vehicle management, patrol and surveillance and electronic security monitoring, incident investigation and emergency handling and reporting, training and drills and personnel management, and procurement and budget and systems and records. (United States O*NET-SOC 33-1091.00)

    ECR · 33-1091.00

  • Food service managers

    Manages the daily activities of a food service establishment or department: organising schedules, purchasing and inventory, costs and personnel, service and food hygiene; also takes part in food preparation and service when needed. Actual decisions and licensing authority are verified against local regulations and position authorisation.

    ECR · 11-9051.00

  • Editors

    Plan, review, and revise content to be published, verify facts, language, structure, style, and version, and coordinate authors and publication responsible persons.

    ACE · 27-3041.00

  • Home Appliance Repairer

    Home appliance repairers respond to problems with household equipment such as washers and refrigerators. They gather information, diagnose faults, repair or replace parts and explain the outcome to the customer.

    RC · 49-9031.00

  • First-Line Supervisors of Production and Operating Workers

    Directly supervise and coordinate the work of production and operating personnel, such as inspectors, precision workers, machine setters and operators, assemblers, fabricators, and plant and system operators (excluding team or work leaders): enforce safety and sanitation regulations; keep records of employee attendance and hours worked; inspect materials and products or equipment to detect defects or malfunctions; read and analyze charts and work orders and production schedules and other records and reports to determine production requirements and to evaluate current production estimates and outputs; develop and establish work schedules and task assignments and production sequences to meet production goals; confer with other supervisors to coordinate operations and activities within or between departments; explain specifications and drawings and work orders and company policies and procedures to workers; observe work and monitor indicators such as gauges and dials to ensure that operators conform to production or processing standards; direct and coordinate the activities of employees engaged in the production or processing of goods, such as inspectors and machine setters and fabricators; conduct employee training in equipment operations or work and safety procedures or assign training to experienced employees; evaluate employee performance; confer with management or subordinates to resolve worker problems and complaints and grievances; determine standards and budgets and production goals and quotas according to company policies and equipment and staffing availability and workload; compute labor and equipment requirements and production specifications using standard formulas; recommend or implement measures to motivate employees and to improve production methods or equipment performance or product quality or efficiency; maintain operations data such as hours worked and production and cost and prepare management reports of production results; requisition materials and supplies and equipment parts or repair services; set up and adjust machines and equipment; recommend or execute personnel actions such as hiring and evaluation and promotion; and plan and develop new products and production processes.

    ECR · 51-1011.00

  • Coroners

    Coroners carry statutory coordination of death investigations, but how the position is created, whether it must be held by a physician, and whether it can order an autopsy or issue documents all vary by jurisdiction; the core is to turn the scene, the body, identity, medical history and examination materials into a traceable conclusion.

    ICE · 13-1041.06

  • Security Guards

    Security guards (O*NET 33-9032) patrol or monitor premises, verify entry and exit permissions, watch for theft, violence and rule violations, and record and report anomalies. Specific response, equipment and training follow local and employer rules; this occupation is not the same as police or security and fire alarm systems installers.

    RC · 33-9032.00

  • Investment Fund Managers

    This page covers O*NET 11-3031.03. Investment fund managers organize research, portfolio decisions, risk monitoring and record handoffs within a fund’s objectives and mandate. U.S. wage and employment figures refer to the broader Financial Managers occupation 11-3031.

    ECI · 11-3031.03

  • Timing device assemblers and adjusters

    Timing device assemblers and adjusters put together small components, observe movements or subassemblies, and measure fit and accuracy. They use records to review irregularities.

    RC · 51-2061.00

  • Food Cooking Machine Operators and Tenders

    Operate or tend steam vats, fryers, pressure cookers, and kettles. Check ingredients against orders and recipes, observe gauges and products, and record steps, times, batches, and tests. Actual operation, maintenance, and release follow training, procedures, and job authorization.

    RC · 51-3093.00

  • Geothermal Production Manager

    Geothermal production managers coordinate plant output, staffing, maintenance and responses to operating problems. Clarify whether a job runs an electricity generating plant or a direct-use heating operation. U.S. pay and outlook cover the broader industrial production managers occupation.

    RCE · 11-3051.02

  • Electromechanical equipment assemblers

    Check drawings and parts lists, assemble electromechanical units, record identifiers and measurements, and route revision or measurement discrepancies to quality review.

    RCI · 51-2023.00

  • First-Line Supervisors of Helpers, Laborers, and Material Movers, Hand

    Directly supervise and coordinate helpers, laborers, or hand material movers: monitor safety procedures and equipment to maintain safe working environments; work with employees and managers to resolve operational problems; review work during operations and after completion for compliance with requirements; notify designated employees or departments of loading status and problems; inspect equipment for wear and specification compliance; prepare and maintain records and reports of hours, wages, daily receipts, and inspection results; communicate and explain work orders to laborers; schedule and assign work to maintain staffing amid workload fluctuations; review qualifications, interview applicants, and recommend hires; estimate material, time, and staffing needs from orders, specifications, and experience; coach employees on work and personal development; assess training needs and arrange or provide training; hold pre-shift and safety meetings; check loaded or unloaded materials against work order specifications; perform or assist with the same work as subordinates or more skilled and difficult tasks; address personnel issues, complaints, and grievances where possible and refer them upward when necessary; recommend or initiate promotions, transfers, and discipline; assess employees and write performance evaluations; inspect freight to determine loading sequences; schedule shipments and transport methods; inventory supplies and requisition or purchase replacements; quote prices to customers; assist account checks, track, monitor or forecast departmental budgets, and help develop policies and procedures; and inspect work sites to determine maintenance or repair needs.

    ECS · 53-1042.00

  • Camera and Photographic Equipment Repairers

    Camera repairers inspect optical, mechanical or electronic components, make repairs and verify whether the reported fault recurs.

    RC · 49-9061.00

  • Entertainment and Recreation Managers, Except Gambling

    Under U.S. O*NET-SOC 11-9072.00, plan, direct, and coordinate non-gambling fitness and recreation activities and venue operations, responsible for operating plans and scheduling, event execution, personnel management, safety and licensing compliance, and budgeting and marketing.

    ECS · 11-9072.00

  • Museum Technicians and Conservators

    Museum technicians and conservators (O*NET-SOC 25-4013.00) prepare and conserve museum objects for preservation, research, and exhibition: determine whether objects need conservation and select the safest and most effective methods; clean and consolidate materials such as paper, textiles, wood, metal, glass, ceramics, and furniture; document condition, treatment plans, and methods; install and arrange objects for exhibitions; and maintain collection databases. This page uses official sources only to explain occupational scope, tasks, preparation requirements, and statistical definitions.

    RC · 25-4013.00

  • Search marketing strategists

    Search marketing strategists analyze query intent, landing pages, and outcome measures, then propose changes they can test.

    ECI · 13-1161.01

  • Radiologic Technologists and Technicians

    Radiologic technologists and technicians carry out X-ray, CT and other imaging work under examination requests and applicable protocols: identity and site checks, patient preparation and positioning, authorized exposure settings, image acquisition, technical image-quality evaluation and documentation. Technical evaluation is not disease diagnosis. Contrast-related duties require applicable legal and professional conditions and physician guidance. U.S. wages use exact occupation 29-2034; this page’s employment overview uses the combined radiologic and MRI group. Mainland China education, recruitment, professional-title qualifications and applicable radiation-worker requirements are considered separately; exact national or city occupational wages remain unavailable.

    RCI · 29-2034.00

  • Watch and clock repairers

    Watch and clock repairers inspect worn parts and timing deviations, then clean, adjust or reassemble the movement and document its condition before return.

    RC · 49-9064.00

  • Forensic science technicians

    Collect and analyse physical evidence in criminal cases, record the scene and examination process and write reports, and some staff give evidence in court within their field of expertise. The division between scene and laboratory positions and independent examination and sign-off authority must be verified against the locality and the institution.

    IRC · 19-4092.00

  • Adhesive bonding machine operators and tenders

    Adhesive bonding machine operators prepare parts, monitor equipment, check bonds and log deviations against the work order. Check job authority for adjustments, repairs and chemical handling.

    RC · 51-9191.00

  • Cytogenetic Technologists

    Cytogenetic technologists prepare specimens, stain or hybridize slides, and examine chromosome number and structure. They document quality issues and submit findings under laboratory procedures. Result approval and clinical interpretation follow local roles and institutional rules.

    IRC · 29-2011.01

  • Subway and streetcar operators

    Subway and streetcar operators drive passenger rail vehicles, watch signals, platforms and crossings, and report delays or equipment issues to dispatch.

    RC · 53-4041.00

  • Weatherization installers and technicians

    Weatherization crews check air leakage, ducts and insulation, then carry out the assigned upgrades. Qualified project staff assess combustion equipment and ventilation.

    RC · 47-4099.03

  • First-Line Supervisors of Construction Trades and Extraction Workers

    Directly supervise and coordinate the work of construction or extraction workers: includes checking construction progress and quality against drawings and specifications, supervising work safety and personal protection, arranging crew assignments and trade sequencing, estimating materials and labor hours and requisitioning materials and equipment, coordinating the work sequence among different trades and subcontractors, organizing training and mentoring, and recording progress and deviations and reporting to superiors.

    ECR · 47-1011.00

  • Crushing, grinding, and polishing machine setters, operators, and tenders

    In the United States crushing, grinding, and polishing machine setters, operators, and tenders correspond to O*NET-SOC 51-9021.00 (Crushing, Grinding, and Polishing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders), who set up, operate, or tend machines used for crushing, grinding, or polishing materials, handling materials such as coal, glass, grain, stone, food, or rubber: setting the mill and grinding fineness per work orders and specifications, starting and adjusting machine controls, watching auxiliary equipment such as pumps and conveyors to keep material flowing, weighing or measuring materials and products at intervals and sampling for laboratory testing, observing equipment operation to find anomalies in time and clear blockages, cleaning, adjusting, and maintaining equipment and reporting needed repairs, judging and removing nonconforming product per specifications, and recording operation, test, and production data on the designated forms. The preparation level for this occupation is Job Zone 1-2 (usually requiring a high school diploma or equivalent and providing from a few days to one year of on-the-job training); the comparable positions on the Chinese side are crushing, grinding, and polishing equipment operation and watching positions in industries such as mineral processing, building materials, and food processing, whose duty and authorization bases do not correspond one-to-one with this US occupation segment and cannot be interchanged.

    RC · 51-9021.00

  • Surgical technologists

    Surgical technologists prepare sterile instruments and supplies, assist with passing items and counts, and refer the resulting records to the team for review.

    RCS · 29-2055.00

  • Captains, Mates, and Pilots of Water Vessels

    Captains, mates and vessel pilots support navigation through distinct command, watchkeeping and local pilotage duties.

    RCE · 53-5021.00

  • Production Helpers

    Production helpers stage and supply materials or tools, clean assigned areas and record material lots and unresolved issues. Crews assign tasks according to the equipment, process and authorization.

    RC · 51-9198.00

  • Cutting and Slicing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders

    In the United States, cutting and slicing machine setters, operators and tenders correspond to O*NET-SOC 51-9032.00 (Cutting and Slicing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders), setting up, operating or tending cutting and slicing machines to cut and slice glass, stone, cork, rubber, tobacco, food, paper and insulation materials, among others, to specification: determining the components, settings and adjustments from the work order, drawing or sample and positioning the tools, rollers and templates; positioning and feeding, starting the equipment to trial cut, monitoring the run and adjusting alignment, speed and pressure; measuring and weighing with measuring tools, micrometers and scales to verify specification, removing non-conforming material and readjusting the machine; removing finished products and stacking and sorting them, cleaning and lubricating the machine and tools and replacing or sharpening blades, saw blades and grinding wheels when necessary; and recording output, type and dimensions and transferring the finished products and edge material to the next process. The preparation level for this occupation is Job Zone 1-2 (little to some preparation, SVP below 6.0), typically requiring a high school diploma or equivalent with some positions requiring none, and on-the-job training ranging from a few days to a year. Comparable positions in China are cutting, slicing and blanking equipment operation positions in manufacturing and processing enterprises; their duties and pay basis do not correspond one-to-one with this U.S. occupational subcategory and cannot be interchanged.

    RC · 51-9032.00

  • Automotive and Watercraft Service Attendants

    These attendants provide fuel, supplies, simple checks or payment services, depending on the job. Roadside filling stations, marine fueling, auto repair and boat repair have different equipment, rules and authorizations.

    RC · 53-6031.00

  • Bridge and Lock Tenders

    Bridge and lock tenders operate or monitor facilities, check passage conditions, communicate signals and record events. Movable bridges, locks, ship lifts, vessel navigation and equipment maintenance have different duties and authorities.

    RC · 53-6011.00

  • Pump Operators, Except Wellhead Pumpers

    Pump operators monitor material transfers, equipment status, and operating records. Handoffs distinguish readings, anomalies, and actions requiring authorization.

    RC · 53-7072.00

  • Water and wastewater treatment plant and system operators

    Water and wastewater operators monitor equipment, collect samples under site procedures, record instrument and test results, and hand off exceptions. The site assigns process adjustments.

    RC · 51-8031.00

  • Biomass plant technicians

    Biomass plant technicians monitor units and auxiliary systems, inspect equipment, record readings, report anomalies and perform routine maintenance within their assigned authority. Fuel receiving, boiler operation and instrument maintenance may be separate jobs. Ask about the unit type, shift duties and who takes over abnormal conditions. BLS projects the U.S. Power Plant Operators parent group (51-8013) from about 29,800 jobs in 2025 to 28,300 in 2035, down 5.1%, a net decrease of about 1,500, with about 2,300 annual openings from growth and replacement. The baseline includes 0.3% self-employment. It does not isolate biomass technicians.

    RC · 51-8013.03

  • Textile winding, twisting and drawing out machine setters, operators and tenders

    Textile winding, twisting and drawing-out machine operators monitor yarn movement and machine operation. They record batches, stoppages and issues for maintenance to review.

    RC · 51-6064.00

  • Chemical Equipment Operators and Tenders

    Chemical equipment operators monitor assigned equipment, record readings and report anomalies under procedures that define authorized actions.

    RCI · 51-9011.00

  • Occupational health and safety specialists

    Occupational health and safety specialists (O*NET19-5011.00) analyze work environments, design occupational health and safety programs, check compliance, and investigate accidents. In the United States JobZone4 requires considerable preparation; scope of responsibility｜some U.S. employers require or prefer professional certification, and certification is not a government license. In mainland China, safety management personnel assessment, registered safety engineer requirements, and institutional post authorization are verified by industry and post, and not all occupational health posts uniformly require a registered safety engineer; only after obtaining the qualification certificate and completing registration may one practice under the name of registered safety engineer. Testing and evaluation of occupational disease hazard factors are undertaken by occupational health technical service institutions with the corresponding qualification accreditation, while routine monitoring, medical health examinations, and occupational disease diagnosis follow separate rules and must not be lumped into one category.

    ICR · 19-5011.00

  • Electrical and electronics installers and repairers, transportation equipment

    Under U.S. O*NET-SOC 49-2093.00, install, inspect, test, and repair electrical and electronic systems on transportation equipment (motor vehicles, rail vehicles, ships, aircraft, and more): read circuit diagrams and work orders, measure with instruments to locate faults, replace or adjust components, perform preventive maintenance and keep records, then retest and submit for release confirmation by an authorized role.

    RCI · 49-2093.00

  • Nuclear medicine technologists

    Nuclear medicine technologists (O*NET-SOC 29-2033.00) prepare, administer and measure radioisotopes under physician direction for diagnosis, treatment and tracer research: preparing radiopharmaceuticals and calculating and recording doses under requirements, operating gamma cameras, PET and other imaging equipment, processing quantitative study data such as cardiac function, explaining procedures and safety precautions to patients, performing equipment quality control, and storing drugs and disposing of radioactive waste under radiation safety procedures. This page uses only official sources to explain occupational scope, tasks, preparation requirements, Chinese and US statistical definitions, and authorization boundaries.

    RIC · 29-2033.00

  • Bioinformatics Scientists

    Bioinformatics scientists use computational and statistical methods to study biological data such as genomes and transcriptomes. They define questions, choose data and methods, review anomalies, record versions and explain results and limits. Scientists often focus on design and interpretation, while support roles may focus on running and maintaining workflows. Check the actual position. BLS projects the U.S. parent group Biological Scientists, All Other (19-1029) from about 59,600 jobs in 2025 to 62,400 in 2035, up 4.7%, a net gain of about 2,800, with about 4,300 annual openings from growth and replacement. The baseline includes 1.5% self-employment and does not isolate bioinformatics scientists.

    ICR · 19-1029.01

  • Funeral Attendant

    Funeral attendants prepare rooms and equipment, guide visitors and assist with the service. Their work supports the arrangements made with families. Duties, schedules and contact with remains vary by employer.

    RCS · 39-4021.00

  • Aircraft Service Attendants

    Aircraft service attendants fuel aircraft and record the work. Some assignments include deicing, replenishment, waste servicing, exterior cleaning, marshalling or towing. Check the employer’s scope and authorization; cabin cleaning and maintenance signoff are separate work.

    RC · 53-6032.00

  • Mathematician

    Mathematicians frame questions that can be studied by proof or computation. They test conjectures with definitions, examples, counterexamples and models, and document the conditions under which results hold.

    IC · 15-2021.00

  • Ship Engineers

    Ship engineers coordinate shipboard machinery, electrical systems, and related maintenance. Watches and review responsibilities depend on vessel and rank.

    RCE · 53-5031.00

  • Hearing Aid Specialists

    Hearing aid specialists identify listening needs, assess fitting conditions within their scope, select or adjust devices, document fittings and arrange follow-up.

    SCI · 29-2092.00

  • First-Line Supervisors of Personal Service Workers

    Supervise and coordinate the activities of personal service workers: train employees in operating procedures and functions and explain company policies; meet with managers or other supervisors to learn about changes affecting operations; assign work schedules according to work needs to ensure the quality and timely delivery of services; recruit and hire employees; resolve customer complaints about employee performance or the services provided; take disciplinary measures to address performance problems; inspect work areas or operating equipment to ensure they meet established standards for cleanliness or maintenance; investigate employee complaints and resolve problems according to management rules and regulations; observe and evaluate employee appearance and performance to ensure service quality and compliance with specifications; direct or coordinate the activities of employees, such as hotel staff or hairstylists; participate in continuing education to keep up with industry trends and developments; inform management about issues such as employee disputes; schedule employee breaks to ensure adequate staffing of service personnel for each shift; apply customer feedback to service improvement; explain the interests or special needs of specific groups to employees; request necessary supplies and equipment or services; and direct marketing and advertising or other customer recruitment efforts.

    ECS · 39-1022.00

  • Remote Sensing Scientists and Technologists

    Remote sensing scientists and technologists combine satellite, aerial, or ground sensor data with other geographic information, design analysis methods, validate results, and interpret resource, environmental, or urban problems. This page corresponds to O*NET 19-2099.01; public wage and employment statistics only go up to the broad 19-2099 category.

    IRC · 19-2099.01

  • Architectural and civil drafter

    Architectural and civil drafters turn sketches and survey data into drawings, check dimensions and elevations, and flag conflicts to the responsible designer.

    RCA · 17-3011.00

  • Arbitrators, Mediators, and Conciliators

    Arbitrators hear evidence and issue decisions under the applicable procedure. Mediators help parties negotiate, and conciliators’ authority depends on the process and agreement.

    ECS · 23-1022.00

  • Audiovisual Equipment Installers and Repairers

    Audiovisual equipment installers and repairers install, adjust and service televisions, audio equipment or video systems. They verify the fault, record open items and hand off the result. Home service, meeting room integration and event work differ.

    RC · 49-2097.00

  • Social and Human Service Assistants

    Social and human service assistants organize records, contact clients and resources, document progress, and route eligibility or case decisions to authorized staff.

    SCE · 21-1093.00

  • Market Research Analyst

    Market research analysts frame research questions, collect customer or competitor evidence, and explain what the data supports. The U.S. figures use occupation 13-1161, which also covers marketing specialists.

    ECI · 13-1161.00

  • Diagnostic Medical Sonographers

    Diagnostic medical sonographers acquire and check ultrasound images, measurements and technical records for physicians to interpret. This is U.S. O*NET 29-2032.00. Mainland China distinguishes technical and physician roles in hiring, qualifications and diagnostic responsibility.

    RCI · 29-2032.00

  • Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technologists and Technicians

    Check drawing versions and test conditions, record measurements on electrical or electronic equipment and refer discrepancies to engineering staff.

    RIC · 17-3023.00

  • First-Line Supervisors of Correctional Officers

    Directly supervise and coordinate the work of correctional officers and jailers: includes organizing roll calls and counts as required, maintaining order and discipline in housing units, arranging shifts and post assignments, supervising and taking part in searches and contraband seizures, organizing response and handling in emergencies such as escapes and violence, reviewing inmate information and identifying those requiring focused attention, supervising the completion and retention of records and reports, and training and mentoring subordinates and evaluating their performance.

    ECS · 33-1011.00

  • Clinical research coordinators

    Plan, direct, or coordinate clinical research projects, direct the staff working on clinical research projects to ensure compliance with the trial protocol and overall clinical objectives, and possibly evaluate and analyze clinical data: arrange and perform participant-related procedures per protocol, screen participants and obtain and document informed consent, prepare and maintain study documents and records, monitor study activities to ensure compliance with the protocol and local and federal and state regulations and institutional policies, record adverse event and side effect data and discuss reporting with the investigator, verify source data against the case report form, and prepare for or take part in sponsor and regulatory agency quality assurance monitoring.

    ICE · 11-9121.01

  • Environmental Science and Protection Technicians

    Under the direction of environmental scientists, engineers, or other professionals, conduct laboratory and field testing to monitor the environment and investigate sources of pollution (including factors affecting health); collect gas, soil, water, and other samples according to procedures, record data, and produce testing reports.

    RIC · 19-4042.00

  • Environmental Science and Protection Technicians, Including Health

    Under the direction of environmental scientists, engineers, or other professionals, conduct laboratory and field testing related to environmental health: monitor pollution and health hazard factors in air, water, soil, and workplaces, investigate sources of pollution or disease outbreaks, collect samples and record data, and provide traceable testing results to protect public and worker health.

    RIC · 19-4042.00

  • Refuse and recyclable material collectors

    Refuse and recyclable material collectors pick up materials along routes and document missed stops or exceptions. Driving, sorting, and facility duties vary by assignment.

    RC · 53-7081.00

  • Extruding, Forming, Pressing, and Compacting Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders

    The US O*NET51-9041.00 covers setting up, operating, or tending machines such as glass forming machines, plodders, and tubers to form products such as glassware, food, rubber, soap, brick and tile, clay, wax, tobacco, or cosmetics. Official tasks include parameter and material control, measuring and weighing, gauge monitoring, handling jams and defective products, and production records; installing parts and disassembly and repair are supplementary items in the task set, and not every position performs all tasks.

    RC · 51-9041.00

  • First-Line Supervisors of Mechanics, Installers, and Repairers

    Directly supervise and coordinate the activities of mechanics, installers and repairers; may also advise customers on recommended services (excluding team or work leaders). Tasks include inspecting, testing and measuring completed work using hand tools, measuring instruments or similar devices to verify compliance with standards or repair requirements; inspecting and supervising work areas, inspecting tools and equipment, and providing employee safety training to prevent, detect and correct unsafe conditions or violations of procedures and safety rules; interpreting specifications, drawings or work orders, making templates and marking reference points for employees; monitoring employee workloads and reviewing performance; performing skilled repair or maintenance using hand or power tools, hydraulic presses, shears or welding equipment; calculating estimated and actual costs for materials, labor, outside contractors and other factors; monitoring tool and spare-parts inventories and workshop conditions and maintenance to ensure suitable working conditions; requisitioning materials and supplies such as tools, equipment and replacement parts; communicating with management, engineering, quality control, customers, union representatives or others to coordinate work, resolve employee grievances or identify and review resource needs; determining schedules, sequences and assignments by work priorities, equipment quantities and employee skills; inspecting objects, systems or facilities and analyzing information to determine installation, servicing or repair needs; advising employees on work-related problems and helping correct skill deficiencies; recommending or initiating personnel actions such as hiring, promotion, transfer, dismissal or discipline; investigating accidents or injuries and preparing findings reports; conducting or arranging employee training in safety, repair or maintenance techniques, operating procedures or equipment use; developing, implementing or evaluating maintenance policies and procedures; meeting vendors or suppliers to discuss products used in repairs; participating in budget preparation and administration, coordinating purchasing and documentation, and monitoring departmental expenditures; reviewing, evaluating and accepting contractor bids and coordinating completion of the work; compiling operations and personnel records such as work-hour and production records, inventory data, repair or maintenance statistics and test results; developing or implementing electronic maintenance programs or computerized information management systems; and designing equipment configurations to meet personnel needs.

    ECR · 49-1011.00

  • Construction Managers

    Construction managers plan, organize, budget and supervise the construction and maintenance of building works: taking part in early-stage scheme and feasibility judgments, preparing schedule and cost plans, organizing site work and subcontractor coordination, and checking that the works comply with building and safety regulations.

    ECR · 11-9021.00

  • Histology Technician

    Histology technicians prepare tissue slides and record specimen handling under laboratory procedures. They may cut sections, stain slides and check preparation quality. Slide preparation supports later review; it does not itself establish a diagnosis.

    RIC · 29-2012.01

  • Nanotechnology engineering technologists and technicians

    Nanotechnology engineering technologists and technicians (O*NET 17-3026.01) implement production processes under the supervision of nanotechnology engineering staff, operating commercial-scale equipment to produce and test nanoscale materials and devices, and use advanced microscopy equipment to manipulate nanoscale objects. This page uses only official sources to explain the occupation scope, tasks, preparation requirements, Chinese and United States statistical scopes, and authorization boundaries.

    RIC · 17-3026.01

  • First-Line Supervisors of Police and Detectives

    Directly supervise and coordinate the activities of members of a police force: supervise and coordinate the investigation of criminal cases, provide guidance and professional opinions to investigators, and ensure that procedures are conducted in accordance with laws and regulations; prepare work schedules and assign tasks to subordinates; direct the collection, preparation, and handling of evidence and the personal property of persons in custody; investigate and resolve personnel problems within the organization and allegations of misconduct by employees; explain police operations to subordinates to assist them in performing their duties; maintain logs, prepare reports, and direct the preparation, processing, and maintenance of departmental records; inform personnel about changes in regulations and policies, the impact of new or revised laws, and new techniques in police work; train employees in proper police procedures; impose disciplinary action on employees who violate departmental rules; monitor and evaluate the work performance of subordinates and approve promotions and transfers; review the content of written orders to ensure compliance with legal requirements; conduct spot checks and order the detention of witnesses and suspects for questioning; cooperate with court personnel and officials of other law enforcement agencies as necessary and testify in court; meet with citizens and educational and community groups to conduct community programs and activities and discuss law enforcement issues; inspect facilities and supplies and vehicles and equipment to ensure compliance with standards; direct the release or transfer of persons in custody; requisition and issue equipment and supplies; develop, implement, and revise departmental policies and procedures; prepare press releases and reply to police correspondence; prepare budgets and manage departmental expenditures; and read and review subordinates' reports to ensure they meet legal standards and contain no errors.

    EC · 33-1012.00

  • Logging Equipment Operator

    Logging equipment operators use machinery to fell trees, move timber and load logs. They check the equipment and work area before a shift and hand off unfinished work and faults.

    RC · 45-4022.00

  • Aircraft and Avionics Equipment Mechanics and Technicians

    This profile covers both aircraft maintenance and avionics equipment work. Mechanics focus on airframes, powerplants and mechanical systems. Avionics technicians focus on electronics, signals and fault records. Both preserve work-card evidence, with separate limits for performing, reviewing and releasing work.

    RCI · 49-3011.00

  • Aircraft Mechanics and Service Technicians

    Aircraft mechanics and service technicians inspect, troubleshoot and maintain aircraft under applicable manuals and work cards. Line, base and engine maintenance have different work rhythms. Completing a work card, having it reviewed and authorizing return to service are separate decisions.

    RCI · 49-3011.00

  • Gem and Diamond Workers

    Gem and diamond workers inspect, cut, polish or measure loose stones and record features and dimensions. Specialist grading, valuation and setting may be assigned separately.

    RC · 51-9071.06

  • Machine Feeders and Offbearers

    Machine feeders and offbearers supply material to equipment or remove processed items. They check identifiers and counts, then hand off mismatches, jams and holds under site procedures.

    RC · 53-7063.00

  • Mixing and blending machine setters, operators, and tenders

    Mixing and blending machine setters, operators, and tenders (O*NET 51-9023.00) set up, operate, or tend machines for mixing or blending materials, weigh and load according to work orders and formulas, monitor batches, sample and record, and stop and escalate anomalies.

    RC · 51-9023.00

  • Web and digital interface designers

    Web and digital interface designers map user tasks into flows, prototype screens, check feedback and interaction states, and hand specifications to development.

    IAC · 15-1255.00

  • Mechatronics Engineers

    Mechatronics engineers combine mechanical parts, sensors, actuators and controls into testable systems. They deliver interface specifications, control designs or validation records.

    RIC · 17-2199.05

  • Hydroelectric Plant Technician

    Hydroelectric plant technicians inspect generators and related equipment, record defects and support operations or maintenance. Some roles focus on mechanical, electrical or controls work. The U.S. figures here cover the broader power plant operators occupation.

    RCI · 51-8013.04

  • Lawyers

    Lawyers organize facts, check evidence and legal sources, advise clients, draft documents, and represent clients within the scope of their authority.

    ECI · 23-1011.00

  • Light Truck Drivers

    In the U.S. O*NET classification, light truck drivers operate trucks or vans below 26,001 pounds gross vehicle weight, mainly collecting goods and making deliveries. Work can include loading, checking freight documents, obtaining receipts or payments, and recording vehicle or delivery problems. This U.S. weight boundary does not define a Chinese vehicle class or driving licence.

    RC · 53-3033.00

  • Forging Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic

    Forging machine operators use presses or hammers to shape stock. A setup can involve fitting dies, running a trial piece, checking its dimensions and stopping when the result falls outside the work order. The U.S. occupation covers metal and plastic parts.

    RC · 51-4022.00

  • Dishwashers

    Dishwashers clean dishes and cookware, put clean items away and keep the dish area ready. Some jobs include restocking, bussing or food prep. Ask about combined duties, shifts, training and local health requirements.

    RC · 35-9021.00

  • Travel guides

    Travel guides coordinate trips, interpret sites and adapt plans when weather, transport or group needs change.

    SEC · 39-7012.00

  • Extruding and Drawing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic

    Set up, operate, or tend extruding and drawing machines to form thermoplastic or metal materials into tube, rod, hose, wire, or profile shapes; select dies and components to specification, set controls, measure and inspect, change dies, cut and coil, and may handle mixing, inventory, and minor equipment repair. Specific materials, inspection duties, and operating authority are checked by position.

    RC · 51-4021.00

  • Bakers

    Bakers weigh, mix and shape ingredients, monitor proofing and baking, and record batch quality. Shops may make smaller runs of several products, while factories emphasize consistency and handover. Ask about shifts, standing, heat and who can release finished goods.

    RC · 51-3011.00

  • Farm Labor Contractors

    Recruit and hire seasonal or temporary agricultural workers for farm owners: confirm staffing needs and seasons, recruit and hire workers and verify identity and work eligibility materials; arrange and direct workers to the appropriate worksites and provide tools; pay wages and retain working time and wage records; provide workers with food, drinking water, and field sanitation facilities, and ensure safe and compliant accommodation and transportation when responsible for them; hire crew leaders to manage workers directly on site, and fulfill registration, documentation, and reporting duties under local regulations and contracts.

    ERC · 13-1074.00

  • Microsystems Engineers

    Microsystems Engineers (O*NET 17-2199.06) research, design, develop, or test microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices. U.S. wages and employment use the parent category Engineers, All Other.

    IRC · 17-2199.06

  • Molecular and cellular biologists

    Molecular and cellular biologists (O*NET-SOC 19-1029.02, Molecular and Cellular Biologists) study cell molecules and organelles to understand cell function and organization; the work is organized around designing and executing molecular or cellular experiments, completing laboratory procedures such as sequencing and cloning according to protocols, organizing and analyzing experimental data and interpreting results, and writing reports and grant applications.

    ICR · 19-1029.02

  • Sales Engineers

    Sales engineers sell commercial products or services that require an engineering-degree level of technical background, clarify customer technical requirements, prepare proposals, organize demonstrations or trials, explain technical and commercial terms, and hand over verified capabilities and unresolved risks to the sales and delivery teams.

    EC · 41-9031.00

  • Manufacturing Engineer

    Manufacturing engineers design, integrate and improve production processes. They coordinate fixtures, work instructions and quality needs and use pilot runs to verify that a process can operate consistently.

    RIC · 17-2112.03

  • Surgical assistants

    Surgical assistants directly support procedures as part of the operating team and help maintain the sterile field. Their assigned tasks depend on training, authorization and the institution.

    RCS · 29-9093.00

  • Control and Valve Installers and Repairers, Except Mechanical Door

    Control and valve installers and repairers install, repair and maintain mechanical regulating and control devices: installing and testing electricity and gas meters, gas pressure regulators, thermostats, safety valves and flow valves and similar equipment, calibrating instruments for pressure, temperature, flow and level, testing leaks and set values, handling faults and recording maintenance and testing data.

    RC · 49-9012.00

  • Health and Safety Engineer

    Health and safety engineers identify hazards in equipment, processes or workplaces and evaluate ways to reduce them. Roles may focus on product safety, facilities or system design. U.S. figures use 17-2111, excluding mining safety engineers and inspectors.

    IRC · 17-2111.00

  • Health and Safety Engineer, Except Mining Safety

    This U.S. occupation covers engineers who assess and control hazards outside the mining safety engineer and inspector category. Work may include evaluating equipment or product designs, reviewing incidents and testing controls. Training and authorization depend on the job and jurisdiction.

    IRC · 17-2111.00

  • Spa managers

    Spa managers run the booking schedule, staffing, facilities and daily close. When a room is unavailable, they check staff scope, turnaround time and the handoff before promising a booking. They can oversee quality and budgets; the title itself does not authorize hands-on or medical services.

    ECS · 11-9179.02

  • Patternmakers, Metal and Plastic

    Metal and plastic patternmakers plan the sequence from drawings, measure, machine, assemble, and repair casting patterns, core boxes, or templates, and check dimensions with measuring tools; machine tool and welding work must follow training and on-site safety procedures.

    RCA · 51-4062.00

  • Coil winders, tapers, and finishers

    Operate or tend winding machines to wind wire into coils used in electrical components (such as resistors and transformers) and in electrical equipment and instruments (such as field cores, forms, armature cores, motors, generators, and control devices): determine the material and part types from the work order and specification, select and load workpieces and materials, use hand tools to terminate, reconnect, and trim wire and insulation, cut, strip, and bend the wire ends at the coil ends, use sheet insulation to line the slots and insert the coils, apply solution or varnish to the wound parts and bake them, use measuring devices to inspect and test wound electrical parts and record the test results, disassemble and assemble motors and repair and maintain electrical parts and machine parts, and record production and operating data on the required forms.

    RC · 51-2021.00

  • Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses

    This page covers U.S. licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses (LPN/LVNs). They provide basic nursing care, generally under registered-nurse or physician supervision. Permitted duties and supervision depend on state rules and training. Mainland Chinese nursing registration and professional titles form a separate system; they are not equivalent LPN/LVN grades.

    SCR · 29-2061.00

  • Precision Agriculture Technicians

    Precision agriculture technicians organize field boundaries, sampling points and yield data into traceable maps and records. Agricultural teams use them to study variation across a field.

    RIC · 19-4012.01

  • Robotics Technicians

    Robotics Technicians (O*NET 17-3024.01) install, program, troubleshoot, test, and maintain robotic equipment and related automation systems, handling sensor signals, control programs, end effectors, and system integration; deliverables must be verified, risk-assessed, and confirmed by authorized personnel.

    RCI · 17-3024.01

  • Sound engineering technicians

    Sound engineering technicians set up equipment, record or edit audio, and prepare handoffs for productions or live events.

    RAC · 27-4014.00

  • Meeting, Convention, and Event Planners

    Event planners turn attendance, venues, vendors, budgets and timelines into a workable plan. When something changes, they explain the impact, record the revision and get approval.

    ECS · 13-1121.00

  • Mechanical Engineer

    Mechanical engineers turn functional and manufacturing requirements into designs, analyses and test plans. They compare alternatives, develop prototypes and coordinate with drafting, manufacturing and quality teams.

    RIC · 17-2141.00

  • Locomotive Engineers

    Locomotive engineers drive locomotives in rail service. They check operating information, signals and equipment condition and report exceptions to dispatchers, crew and maintenance staff under railroad procedures.

    RCI · 53-4011.00

  • Histotechnologist

    Histotechnologists prepare and assess tissue slides and may troubleshoot staining or support the evaluation of laboratory methods. Duties can overlap with histology technicians. The authority to make a diagnosis is separate.

    IRC · 29-2011.04

  • Advertising, promotions, and marketing managers

    Advertising, promotions and marketing managers may own positioning and pricing or focus on creative work, channels and placements. Ask who chooses the audience, sets the budget and owns the results.

    EC · 11-2021.00

  • Cutting, Punching, and Press Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic

    Read work orders and drawings, set up or run cutting and press equipment, check the first piece for dimensions and burrs, and log problems. Ask whether the job runs an existing setup, changes dies independently, or adjusts the machine.

    RC · 51-4031.00

  • Emergency management director

    Under U.S. O*NET-SOC 11-9161.00, coordinates the emergency management work of a jurisdiction or institution: assesses risk, drafts and updates emergency plans, organizes exercises and training, coordinates resources and agency responses during incidents, and organizes recovery and review afterwards.

    ECI · 11-9161.00

  • Fundraising Manager

    Fundraising managers set campaign goals, plan staff and budgets, and coordinate donor communication with program and finance teams. Their work includes deciding what to pursue and how to report outcomes. Authorization to accept or commit funds depends on the organization.

    ECS · 11-2033.00

  • Energy Engineers, Except Wind and Solar

    Under U.S. O*NET-SOC 17-2199.03, perform load analysis, system modeling and simulation, scheme design, engineering calculations, and energy efficiency estimation for industrial and building energy systems, producing reviewable design descriptions and calculation books; excludes wind and solar specializations. (The U.S. wage and employment figures checked are broader-group figures.)

    RIC · 17-2199.03

  • Rail yard engineers, dinkey operators, and hostlers

    Rail yard engineers and related operators move locomotives within yards or industrial sites. Their work includes equipment checks and confirming signals and switching instructions with ground crews.

    RC · 53-4013.00

  • Milling and Planing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic

    Milling and Planing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic (O*NET 51-4035.00) set up, operate, or tend mills and planers to mill, plane, shape, groove, or profile metal or plastic workpieces.

    RC · 51-4035.00

  • Clinical Laboratory Technologist

    Clinical laboratory technologists conduct testing and help maintain the quality of laboratory processes. They may review unusual results and work on complex methods. Authorization depends on the laboratory and jurisdiction.

    IRC · 29-2011.00

  • Health Informatics Specialist

    Health informatics specialists connect clinical work with information systems. They may document requirements, test workflows or support staff adoption. U.S. wages and projections here cover computer systems analysts, a broader occupation.

    ICS · 15-1211.01

  • Telecommunications Line Installers and Repairers

    Telecommunications line installers and repairers install, connect and test lines or cables. They record sections and readings to help locate faults and plan follow-up work.

    RC · 49-9052.00

  • Police and Sheriff's Patrol Officers

    Police and sheriff’s patrol officers respond to incidents in their jurisdiction, support scene safety and document actions taken. A handoff ties times and locations to the source of each observation.

    RCE · 33-3051.00

  • Wind Energy Development Managers

    Wind development managers coordinate project plans, resource assessment, land use, interconnection, budget and schedule. They prepare the dependencies and approvals for project decisions.

    EC · 11-9199.10

  • Engine and Other Machine Assemblers

    Under U.S. O*NET-SOC 51-2031.00, assemble parts and components of engines and other machines into complete machines according to assembly drawings and process requirements, complete alignment, positioning, torque-tightening, test running, and inspection, and record parameters and defects.

    RC · 51-2031.00

  • Textile knitting and weaving machine setters, operators and tenders

    Textile knitting and weaving machine operators tend yarn and equipment, watch for fabric defects or stoppages and log their location and timing for the crew.

    RC · 51-6063.00

  • Pharmacists

    Pharmacists review prescriptions, dispense or oversee dispensing, and counsel patients. A prescription discrepancy calls for checking the record and contacting the appropriate clinician through the workplace process.

    ISC · 29-1051.00

  • Food Preparation Workers

    Food preparation workers carry out work involving this occupation's materials, processes, quality requirements, and deliverables. Specific duties, training, qualifications, agreements, and authorization must be checked against the original requirements of the location and employer.

    RC · 35-2021.00

  • Forest and conservation technicians

    Forest And Conservation Technicians (O*NET-SOC 19-4071.00) provide technical assistance for the conservation of soil, water, forests and related natural resources: they may, under the direction of foresters, compile and organise data on the size, composition and condition of forest tracts, or train and lead forest workers in forest propagation and fire prevention and suppression, and assist conservation scientists in managing and improving rangelands and wildlife habitats. Official definition text: Provide technical assistance regarding the conservation of soil, water, forests, or related natural resources. May compile data pertaining to size, content, condition, and other characteristics of forest tracts under the direction of foresters, or train and lead forest workers in forest propagation and fire prevention and suppression. May assist conservation scientists in managing, improving, and protecting rangelands and wildlife habitats.

    RCI · 19-4071.00

  • Textile bleaching and dyeing machine operators and tenders

    Textile bleaching and dyeing machine operators tend washing, bleaching or dyeing equipment, monitor fabric and instrument readings, and record batch or equipment exceptions.

    RC · 51-6061.00

  • Hazardous Materials Removal Workers

    Hazardous materials removal workers identify, remove, package or hand off hazardous materials on controlled projects. Duties depend on the material, site and training. Projects assign sampling, protective controls, transport and compliance responsibilities separately.

    RC · 47-4041.00

  • First-Line Supervisors of Food Preparation and Serving Workers

    Directly supervise and coordinate workers engaged in food preparation and service: assign tasks, responsibilities, and workstations according to operational needs; specify food portions, serving sequences, and workstation and equipment layouts; train employees in food preparation, sanitation, and safety procedures; inspect supplies, equipment, and work areas for efficient service and compliance with standards; observe and assess employees and workflows to ensure quality and issue disciplinary records to employees; analyze operational problems such as theft and waste and establish improvement procedures; control inventories of food, equipment, tableware, and beverages and report shortages to designated personnel; forecast personnel, equipment, and supply needs from master menus; total and verify cash receipts at shift end; record production, operational, and personnel data; handle hiring, scheduling, and working-hours matters; establish departmental goals, budgets, and policies; and participate in food preparation and service as needed.

    ECR · 35-1012.00

  • Extruding and Forming Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Synthetic and Glass Fibers

    Set up, operate, or tend machines that extrude liquid polymer, rayon, or glass fiber and similar materials into continuous filaments; control equipment and feeding, observe gauges and abnormalities, record faults and job tags, and clean and maintain. Specific processes, inspection duties, and operating authority are checked by position.

    RC · 51-6091.00

  • Wellhead Pumpers

    Wellhead pumpers monitor pumps, flow, pressure and line conditions, record production and exceptions, and hand off servicing, isolation and restart to authorized staff.

    RC · 53-7073.00

  • Medical Equipment Repairer

    Medical equipment repairers install, inspect, maintain and repair medical equipment. They document service and coordinate verification before return to use. Clinical operation is a separate assignment.

    RCI · 49-9062.00

  • Cytotechnologists

    Match specimens to records, prepare and stain slides, screen cell morphology under a microscope, and refer abnormal findings through the applicable review process.

    IRC · 29-2011.02

  • Chefs and Head Cooks

    Chefs and head cooks plan menus and prep, coordinate stations and supervise food quality and safety.

    ERC · 35-1011.00

  • Farmers, Ranchers, and Other Agricultural Managers

    Plan, direct, or coordinate management and operations of farms, ranches, greenhouses, aquaculture operations, nurseries, timber tracts, or other agricultural establishments: decide crop or livestock varieties and scale, arrange land preparation, sowing, fertilization, irrigation, crop protection, and harvesting; hire, train, and supervise agricultural workers or purchase services under contracts; maintain financial, production, and employment records and file statutory reports; negotiate sales, storage, and transportation with buyers, analyze markets and inputs, and manage business risks from weather, pests and diseases, and price fluctuations.

    ERC · 11-9013.00

  • Cooling and freezing equipment operators and tenders

    Operate cooling and freezing equipment, monitor temperature, flow and equipment status, and record output and exceptions. Cold-storage and frozen-food roles in mainland China overlap in some tasks; a one-to-one classification covering the same duties has not been verified.

    RC · 51-9193.00

  • Computer and Information Research Scientists

    Conduct basic computer and information science research as a theorist, designer or inventor, and develop solutions to problems in the computer hardware and software field: analyze problems to develop solutions involving computer hardware and software; apply theoretical expertise and innovation to create or apply new technology; conduct logical analysis of business and scientific and engineering and technical problems and build mathematical models for computer solution; evaluate project plans and proposals to determine feasibility; design computers and the software that runs on them; maintain network hardware and software and direct security measures and monitor availability; participate in interdisciplinary projects such as virtual reality and human-computer interaction or robotics; assign tasks and set goals and performance standards and evaluate work; direct the daily operations of a department and coordinate projects with other departments; participate in staffing decisions and supervise the training of subordinates; and approve, prepare, monitor and adjust operating budgets.

    IC · 15-1221.00

  • Foresters

    Foresters survey stands, estimate timber volume and use those findings to plan how forests are managed. Depending on the job, they may oversee contracts, replanting or habitat protection.

    RIC · 19-1032.00

  • Septic Tank Servicers and Sewer Pipe Cleaners

    Septic and sewer maintenance workers inspect, clean, or repair designated systems and record blockages, work performed, and follow-up checks.

    RC · 47-4071.00

  • Stationary engineers and boiler operators

    Stationary engineers and boiler operators run or maintain equipment that supplies building or process utilities and document conditions across shifts. Credentials vary.

    RCI · 51-8021.00

  • Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators

    This occupational group supports train and yard movements by checking signals, car connections, and brake tests and handing off exceptions. Actual duties depend on the operator and assignment.

    RC · 53-4022.00

  • Food and Tobacco Roasting, Baking, and Drying Machine Operators and Tenders

    Operate or tend food and tobacco roasting, baking, and drying equipment, monitor temperatures, times, and moisture under work orders and valid processes, and record batches, samples, and abnormalities. Perform actual operation, maintenance, and release according to training, procedures, and job authorization.

    RC · 51-3091.00

  • Costume attendants

    Prepare, fit, label and maintain costumes by cast member and scene. Help with changes, then count, repair or flag damaged pieces and return them to storage.

    ACR · 39-3092.00

  • Shuttle drivers and chauffeurs

    Shuttle drivers and chauffeurs transport passengers on scheduled or booked trips, checking routes, timing, and handoff requirements. Vehicle and licensing requirements vary.

    RCS · 53-3053.00

  • Sustainability specialists

    Sustainability specialists track measures such as energy, water or waste, assess the feasibility and cost of proposals, and make the basis of comparisons clear to project teams.

    IEC · 13-1199.05

  • Nondestructive testing specialists

    Nondestructive testing specialists (O*NET-SOC 17-3029.01) inspect structures and equipment for defects without damaging the inspected object. They select, calibrate and operate ultrasonic, radiographic, magnetic particle, penetrant, eddy current and acoustic emission testing equipment according to standards and procedures, interpret signals and images, evaluate results against codes, document methods and processes and prepare inspection reports, while meeting radiation and on-site work safety requirements. This page uses only official sources to explain occupational scope, tasks, preparation requirements, Chinese and US statistical definitions, and authorization boundaries.

    RIC · 17-3029.01

  • Forest Fire Inspectors and Prevention Specialists

    Forest fire inspectors look for hazards in forests, recommend prevention measures and may report fires or weather conditions. Some assignments include directing firefighters in the field. That does not make the inspector the overall incident commander or a building fire inspector.

    RC · 33-2022.00

  • Education administrators, kindergarten through secondary

    Education administrators, kindergarten through secondary (US O*NET-SOC 11-9032.00, Education Administrators, Kindergarten through Secondary) are the schooling and instructional leadership positions for kindergarten through secondary education: planning, directing, or coordinating the academic and administrative and auxiliary activities of kindergartens and elementary and secondary schools; the work includes determining curriculum standards and performance goals and school improvement directions per education goals and regulations and data, observing teaching and reviewing learning materials to assess and unify curriculum and instruction, working with teachers to set curriculum standards and mission and performance goals, determining course offerings and scheduling and staffing and facility needs, organizing professional development, providing students with academic and behavioral and attendance guidance and enforcing discipline and attendance rules, communicating with parents and faculty, recruiting, training, and evaluating faculty and making personnel recommendations, preparing and submitting budgets and funding applications and authorizing procurement, arranging school buses and meals and facilities and building maintenance and safety, interpreting government regulations and developing compliance plans, liaising with government and businesses and the community and writing reports, and supervising student drop-off and pickup. US basis: the BLS 2025 wage data median is 105,870 US dollars per year (that source provides only the median and does not provide the 10/25/75/90 percentiles or an hourly basis); the O*NET summary page gives about 333,300 employed in 2024, a 2024—2034 projection of Decline (Decline, -1% or lower), and about 20,800 average annual openings for 2024—2034; the preparation level is Job Zone Five (SVP 8.0 and above), the education feedback is 62% master's degree and 27% bachelor's degree and 10% post-master's certificate, the interest code is SEC, and there are 33 tasks. Mainland China basis: the appointment qualification, engagement, assessment, and training of primary and secondary school principals and related management positions follow the Education Law and the Compulsory Education Law of the People's Republic of China and the relevant provisions of the education administration department, and doing education and teaching work in primary and secondary schools requires obtaining the corresponding teacher qualification per the Teachers Law and the Regulations on Teacher Qualifications of the People's Republic of China. Public statistics have no occupation-level wage basis corresponding to this occupation established, and this page truthfully keeps the gap, with the industry average wage serving only as a visible industry proxy.

    SEC · 11-9032.00

  • Industrial Machinery Mechanic

    Industrial machinery mechanics diagnose faults in production equipment, repair or replace components and help verify that the machine can return to service. They coordinate with operators, maintenance planners and technical specialists.

    RCI · 49-9041.00

  • Architects, Except Landscape and Naval

    Architects turn site conditions, client needs and technical constraints into building designs, coordinate consultants and communicate through drawings and site work.

    RCA · 17-1011.00

  • Architect

    Building architects coordinate plans, construction details and consultant interfaces. Drawings and records communicate design decisions; authority to sign depends on registration and project responsibility.

    RCA · 17-1011.00

  • Water/Wastewater Engineers

    Water/wastewater engineers design water supply, wastewater treatment facilities and pipe networks. Compare treatment design, hydraulic modeling and plant operations before choosing a role. Real projects require verified inputs, applicable standards and authorized review. U.S. pay and outlook cover the broader civil engineer occupation.

    RIC · 17-2051.02

  • Funeral Home Manager

    Funeral home managers coordinate staff, facilities, budgets and service procedures. They make sure individual services have the people and resources they need. Whether they can personally perform a regulated service depends on their role and jurisdiction.

    ECS · 11-9171.00

  • Transportation engineers

    Transportation engineers prepare plans, designs, technical notes and estimates for roads, transportation facilities and systems, and analyse traffic operations and improvement needs. The precise identity on this page is 17-2051.01; United States wages and employment use the civil engineers 17-2051 broad group reference, which cannot serve as transportation specialism statistics or Chinese treatment.

    RIC · 17-2051.01

  • Concierge

    Concierges provide personal services to guests in hotels, apartments or office buildings, including relaying messages, arranging or advising on transport, business and entertainment matters, and following up on guest-room, maintenance and other requests, with responsibility for service arrangements, records and information boundaries.

    SEC · 39-6012.00

  • Food Servers, Nonrestaurant

    Deliver food outside restaurants, including guest rooms, hospital rooms, residential care facilities, and vehicles: prepare and check orders, assist diners, collect and clean items, and record abnormalities. Role procedures define actual duties and response authority.

    RSC · 35-3041.00

  • Environmental Engineering Technologists and Technicians

    Environmental engineering technicians follow procedures for sampling, tests or equipment checks, maintain field and laboratory records and route anomalies to the lead.

    RIC · 17-3025.00

  • Nursing assistants

    Nursing assistants (O*NET-SOC 31-1131.00, Nursing Assistants) provide or assist with basic care under the direction of licensed nursing staff, including monitoring health status, feeding, bathing, dressing, grooming, toileting, and patient transfer, in medical or nursing facilities, and may administer medication under direction and complete other health-related tasks. This page uses only official sources to explain occupational scope, tasks, China-U.S. access differences, and statistical measures.

    SRC · 31-1131.00

  • Restaurant Host

    Restaurant hosts greet guests, check reservations, manage waits and seat parties. They coordinate the pace of seating with servers or a shift lead. Some establishments combine these duties with other service tasks.

    SEC · 35-9031.00

  • Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians

    Cardiovascular technologists and technicians prepare tests, collect or monitor data and document quality under clinical protocols.

    RIC · 29-2031.00

  • Farm Equipment Mechanics and Service Technicians

    Diagnose, adjust, repair, and overhaul agricultural machinery and vehicles, including tractors, harvesters, milking and feeding equipment, and irrigation systems: determine fault causes and repair plans, disassemble and assemble equipment and replace parts, service hydraulic, drivetrain, and electrical systems, make adjustments and conduct test runs, document repairs and parts used, and explain fault causes and operating precautions to users.

    RCI · 49-3041.00

  • Electric Motor, Power Tool, and Related Repairers

    Receive motors or power tools, match the nameplate, fault report and work order, then document repair, recheck and return status.

    RC · 49-2092.00

  • Geneticist

    Geneticists study inheritance, variation and gene function. They design studies and analyze evidence from sources such as model organisms, plants or human populations. Research is distinct from clinical genetics practice.

    ICR · 19-1029.03

  • Tool grinders, filers and sharpeners

    Tool grinders, filers and sharpeners finish tools, parts or dies to a specified shape and check the profile, surface and dimensions against the work order.

    RC · 51-4194.00

  • Media Programming Directors

    Media programming directors coordinate program schedules and production staff. They check airtimes, versions and content awaiting review. U.S. wage and employment figures cover the broader producers and directors group.

    ECA · 27-2012.03

  • First-Line Supervisors of Entertainment and Recreation Workers, Except Gambling Services

    Directly supervise and coordinate the work of entertainment and recreation service workers: includes arranging shifts and position assignments, training employees and explaining work processes according to company rules, patrolling facilities and equipment to verify cleanliness and maintenance standards, organizing sports, aquatic, game, and performance activities, handling customer complaints and improving service, requisitioning equipment and supplies, evaluating employee performance and taking disciplinary action, and recording personnel and operating data and writing activity reports.

    ECS · 39-1014.00

  • Maintenance operators

    Track equipment operators install and maintain rails, switches, and ballast. Identify the exact track section and record the defect before handing it off. Ask who operates the equipment, checks the repair, and authorizes reopening.

    RC · 47-4061.00

  • Heat Treating Equipment Operator

    Heat treating equipment operators set up or run furnaces and other heating systems to change material properties. They follow process instructions, document batch conditions and help check results. The job can cover different equipment and materials.

    RC · 51-4191.00

  • Mobile heavy equipment mechanics

    Mobile heavy equipment mechanics (O*NET 49-3042.00) diagnose, adjust, repair, or overhaul mobile mechanical, hydraulic, and pneumatic equipment used in construction, logging, and mining, such as cranes, bulldozers, graders, and conveyors.

    RCI · 49-3042.00

  • First-Line Supervisors of Farming, Fishing, and Forestry Workers

    Directly supervise and coordinate the work of agricultural, forestry, aquaculture, and related workers: includes assigning work and scheduling shifts, arranging planting and harvesting or breeding and harvesting according to work plans, teaching operating methods and safety procedures to workers, patrolling fields, forest land, and aquaculture facilities to judge working conditions and progress, supervising compliance with safety procedures and correcting violations, requisitioning feed, chemicals, and equipment and supplies, recording output and personnel and equipment conditions, and assisting with equipment adjustment and repair.

    ERC · 45-1011.00

  • Electronic equipment installers and repairers, motor vehicles

    Following U.S. O*NET-SOC 49-2096.00, install, diagnose, and repair communication, audio, security, and navigation equipment on motor vehicles: check vehicle model configurations, perform disassembly/refitting, routing, wiring, and securing according to manufacturer information, commission and verify functions, and hand over vehicles under procedures while documenting warranty boundaries.

    RCI · 49-2096.00

  • Chemists

    Chemists design or run experiments and analyses, interpret material or compound data and document methods and reproducibility conditions.

    IRC · 19-2031.00

  • Probation officers and correctional treatment specialists

    Probation and correctional treatment roles track case conditions, services, and progress, then submit records or recommendations to authorized staff.

    SCE · 21-1092.00

  • Butchers and meat cutters

    Butchers and meat cutters prepare consumer-sized portions of meat for retail sale, including cuts requested by customers. Work may include weighing and labeling, displaying products, checking deliveries, keeping stock records and cleaning equipment. This U.S. retail occupation is distinct from other meat-processing and slaughter occupations; compare the actual duties of a specific job.

    RC · 51-3021.00

  • Cutters and Trimmers, Hand

    In the United States, cutters and trimmers, hand, correspond to O*NET-SOC 51-9031.00 (Cutters and Trimmers, Hand), using hand tools or hand-held power tools to cut and trim finished products such as carpet, fabric, stone, glass and rubber: reading the work order to determine dimensions, cutting positions and quantities, positioning to template or measuring tool and marking on the material; cutting to order and profiling with hand cutting tools, shears, hand-held power tools or bench cutting equipment; separating materials by size, weight, type, colour or colour difference, and folding or shaping before and after cutting; trimming excess material and loose threads and pressing bench cutting tools down to the specified specification; adjusting guides and stops to control cutting depth and width; replacing or sharpening blunt tools and blades; sanding, polishing, cleaning and marking the finished item, and counting or weighing before bundling, stacking and moving to the next process. The preparation level for this occupation is Job Zone 1-2 (little to some preparation, SVP below 6.0), typically requiring a high school diploma or equivalent with some positions requiring none, and on-the-job training ranging from a few days to a year. Comparable positions in China are manual cutting, trimming and sanding positions in manufacturing and processing enterprises; their duties and pay basis do not correspond one-to-one with this U.S. occupational subcategory and cannot be interchanged.

    RC · 51-9031.00

  • Rolling Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic

    Rolling machine workers set up or monitor metal or plastic forming and track batches, dimensions, and inspection results.

    RC · 51-4023.00

  • Mining and Geological Engineers

    Mining and Geological Engineers (O*NET 17-2151.00) conduct subsurface surveys to assess land and mining development sites, select and plan safe, economical, environmentally sound extraction methods and facilities, inspect unsafe conditions, and implement mine safety programs.

    RIC · 17-2151.00

  • Mining and Geological Engineers, Including Mining Safety Engineers

    Mining and Geological Engineers, Including Mining Safety Engineers (O*NET 17-2151.00) conduct subsurface surveys to assess land and mining development sites, select and plan safe, economical, environmentally sound extraction methods and facilities, inspect unsafe conditions, and implement mine safety programs.

    RIC · 17-2151.00

  • Occupational therapy assistants

    Occupational therapy assistants implement activity training under the direction of an occupational therapist, observe client responses, record progress, and give feedback so the plan can be adjusted; education, certification, and state licensure are verified locally.

    SCR · 31-2011.00

  • Advertising sales agents

    Advertising sales agents find clients, turn goals, audiences and budgets into priced advertising placements, then follow proofs, schedules and payments. Media owners, agencies and platforms differ in sales targets, discount authority and commission terms.

    ECA · 41-3011.00

  • Electronics Engineers, Except Computer

    Turn component, signal and interface requirements into circuit designs. Review schematics, board-level verification and part revisions, and document changes and evidence.

    RIC · 17-2072.00

  • Sewing Machine Operators

    Sewing machine operators thread machines, position and guide fabric or other products according to process sheets, and machine sew, reinforce, or decorate them; they monitor broken threads, stitch defects, and equipment irregularities and check dimensions and appearance. Equipment types, materials, and shifts depend on the target position.

    RC · 51-6031.00

  • Cleaners of vehicles and equipment

    Cleaning vehicles, machinery and other equipment with water and cleaning agents and brushes and cloths and hoses and similar materials: rinsing and scrubbing and spraying mechanical parts and equipment and vehicles, mixing cleaning solutions to formula, adjusting pressure and flow per the equipment manual, checking cleanliness and damage and polishing and waxing and lubricating and fitting trim as needed, and leaving verifiable job and anomaly records.

    RC · 53-7061.00

  • General Maintenance and Repair Worker

    General maintenance workers handle routine repairs and checks across buildings and equipment. They document problems and refer work that requires a specialist or separate authorization. The mix depends on the site.

    RC · 49-9071.00

  • Physicists

    Physicists study physical phenomena using mathematical models, experiments or computation. They document measurement conditions and uncertainty so colleagues can evaluate the findings.

    IRC · 19-2012.00

  • Economists

    Use data, models, and economic theory to explain phenomena, evaluate policy or market problems, and write the assumptions, uncertainty, and recommendations into a reviewable report.

    ICE · 19-3011.00

  • Environmental Engineers

    Environmental engineers evaluate pollution controls, review design inputs, document evidence gaps and prepare material for design review.

    IRC · 17-2081.00

  • First-Line Supervisors of Firefighting and Prevention Workers

    Directly supervise and coordinate personnel engaged in firefighting, fire prevention, and fire control: assign firefighters to critical positions and clarify responsibilities; direct firefighting and rescue operations and communicate fire conditions to superiors, subordinates, and dispatch; assess fire size, building conditions, and water supplies to determine the resources to deploy; conduct training in firefighting, rescue, fire prevention, hazardous materials response, and emergency medical care; inspect and maintain firefighting equipment and protective gear; inspect stations and equipment for compliance with safety standards; inspect and test fire protection systems and detection equipment; direct investigations into arson and false alarms and submit reports; prepare and review budgets and monitor firefighting expenditures; arrange duty schedules and work priorities; and help develop fire safety guidelines and evacuation plans for nonresidential buildings.

    ERC · 33-1021.00

  • Tool and die makers

    Tool and die makers interpret drawings and tolerances, plan machining and fit, and use measuring instruments to check dimensions, alignment or clearance.

    RC · 51-4111.00

  • Judges, Magistrate Judges and Magistrates

    This U.S. category covers judges and magistrates who preside over proceedings, manage procedural matters and make decisions within their authority. Jurisdiction and appointment vary by court.

    ECS · 23-1023.00

  • Petroleum engineers

    Petroleum engineers use well information and production data to assess recovery and evaluate development or production designs. A proposal needs to identify its observations and assumptions.

    RIC · 17-2171.00

  • Civil engineers

    Civil engineers plan and design infrastructure, review technical documents, and oversee construction or maintenance. Duties vary by project and discipline.

    RIC · 17-2051.00

  • Automotive Service Technicians and Mechanics

    Automotive service technicians check vehicle condition and work orders, diagnose mechanical and electrical faults, and verify authorized repairs against manufacturer information. Mechanical work, body repair, commercial vehicles and high-voltage EV work have different requirements.

    RCI · 49-3023.00

  • Pest control workers

    Pest control workers inspect sites for signs of pest activity, perform assigned work and record locations and outcomes. A follow-up worker needs to be able to find the same inspection point from the record.

    RC · 37-2021.00

  • Human Factors Engineer or Ergonomist

    Human factors engineers and ergonomists study how people interact with equipment, interfaces and work environments. They test changes that may improve usability, safety or comfort. U.S. pay and outlook use the broader industrial engineer occupation.

    IRC · 17-2112.01

  • Recreational vehicle service technicians

    Recreational vehicle service technicians inspect, diagnose, and repair the electrical, gas, water supply, HVAC, chassis, and body systems of travel trailers and other recreational vehicles. The work starts with a customer repair request and work order and finishes after isolating hazards, checking manuals and taking measurements, making the repair, function retesting, recording, and handover explanation; gas, electrical, and brake problems beyond training or authorization must be stopped and escalated.

    RC · 49-3092.00

  • Continuous mining machine operator

    Continuous mining machine operators drive self-propelled mining machines to cut coal, metal and non-metal ore, rock and sand and gravel continuously at the ore body face and load the material onto conveyors, shuttle cars or trucks; before work they check ventilation and methane and confirm that roof and rib support is stable, during work they monitor equipment operation, and after work they maintain machine parts and change cutting teeth.

    RC · 47-5041.00

  • Biostatisticians

    Biostatisticians (O*NET 15-2041.01) work with clinicians and life science or public health teams to turn questions into reviewable study designs and analysis plans, check inputs, and report results and limits. Qualified, authorized clinicians make medical judgments.

    IC · 15-2041.01

  • Wind Turbine Service Technicians

    Wind turbine service technicians inspect, maintain and troubleshoot turbines against work orders. They record alarms, readings, actions and open checks. Work at height and isolation follow site authorization.

    RCI · 49-9081.00

  • Avionics Technicians

    Avionics technicians install, inspect and troubleshoot aircraft electronics, including communications and navigation equipment. Line work centers on systems and work cards; bench repair centers on serial numbers, test records and fault reproduction. Verify maintenance, inspection and return-to-service authority separately.

    RCI · 49-2091.00

  • Nuclear engineers

    Nuclear engineers (O*NET-SOC 17-2161.00) apply nuclear science and engineering principles to research, design and operations involving nuclear energy and waste: designing reactor cores, radiation shielding, and instrumentation and control equipment; monitoring nuclear facility operations and identifying designs and operations that violate safety regulations or endanger safety; initiating corrective actions or ordering reactor shutdown in emergencies; writing operating procedures and technical reports; participating in environmental compliance, waste disposal and decommissioning plans; and communicating with regulators, suppliers and review committees. This page uses only official sources to explain occupational scope, tasks, preparation requirements, Chinese and US statistical definitions, and authorization boundaries.

    IRC · 17-2161.00

  • Robotics Engineers

    Robotics engineers (O*NET 17-2199.08) design, develop, debug, and test robotic systems, handling sensor signals, control programs, end effectors, and system integration; delivery requires verification, risk assessment, and confirmation by authorized personnel.

    RIC · 17-2199.08

  • Installation, Maintenance and Repair Helper

    Installation, maintenance and repair helpers support technicians by preparing materials, supplying tools, cleaning work areas and tracking tasks. The work and level of supervision depend on the trade and employer.

    RC · 49-9098.00

  • Manicurists and Pedicurists

    Manicurists and pedicurists confirm the service requested, shape or decorate fingernails and toenails, and document service choices, tool-cleaning status and issues that need to be held or referred.

    RC · 39-5092.00

  • Solar Energy Installation Managers

    Organize photovoltaic and solar thermal installation crews for residential or commercial projects, estimate personnel and materials, arrange construction and inspections, and coordinate technical issues, safety requirements and handover records. The core is making the plan, site progress, quality evidence and customer handover correspond to one another; a manager title does not replace electrical, structural or inspection authority.

    REC · 47-1011.03

  • Neurodiagnostic technologists

    Neurodiagnostic technologists (O*NET-SOC 29-2099.01) perform neuroelectrodiagnostic (END) examinations such as EEG, evoked potentials, polysomnography, and electronystagmography, and may conduct nerve conduction studies: collecting history and examination information, measuring and placing electrodes, recording and monitoring the patient, identifying artifacts, and organizing technical data and submitting a summary report to the physician. This page uses only official sources to explain the occupation scope, tasks, preparation requirements, Chinese and United States statistical scopes, and authorization boundaries.

    IRC · 29-2099.01

  • Fabric and Apparel Patternmakers

    Draw and construct precise master patterns and marker layouts from design drawings and specifications, and mark and cut fabric and garments when needed; this includes grading and shrinking across a size range, breaking a design sample into pieceable garment parts, calculating material usage and determining material-efficient layouts, and verifying and correcting patterns through making and fitting sample garments; the work assumes dimensional precision and controllable material use.

    RAC · 51-6092.00

  • Chemical Engineers

    Chemical engineers turn material, energy and safety requirements into process designs and specify equipment, controls and verification.

    RIC · 17-2041.00

  • Physician assistants

    Physician assistants assess patients, document care and participate in follow-up within applicable practice rules and team arrangements. Pending results go to the authorized clinician for review.

    SIC · 29-1071.00

  • Orthodontist

    Orthodontists assess teeth, jaw, and facial structures, develop dentofacial deformity treatment plans based on history, examinations, and imaging, install and adjust appliances, and follow up efficacy and risks. The U.S. O*NET 29-1023.00 occupational description cannot directly replace Chinese physician practice registration and organizational diagnostic and treatment authority requirements.

    IRC · 29-1023.00

  • Electrical engineers

    Turn system requirements into an electrical design and verification plan. Review equipment choices, test results and changes, and hand over unresolved requirements.

    RIC · 17-2071.00

  • Fish and game wardens

    Patrol assigned areas to prevent violations of fish and game laws and regulations; investigate reports of wildlife damaging crops or property; compile biological data. (US SOC/O*NET 33-3031.00, Fish and Game Wardens)

    RCI · 33-3031.00

  • Solar photovoltaic installers

    Based on site assessment, drawings and work requirements, assemble, install or maintain photovoltaic systems on rooftops and other structures, checking components, supports, labeling and installation records, reporting anomalies and handing over inspections. Specific electrical, height-work, commissioning and testing tasks must match training and authorization; completing construction does not equal passing inspection or being cleared for grid connection.

    RC · 47-2231.00

  • Electricians

    Under U.S. O*NET-SOC 47-2111.00, install, maintain, and repair electrical wiring, equipment, and fixtures: follow drawings and codes to install conduit, pull wires, make connections, and secure equipment; de-energize, verify absence of voltage, and test insulation, grounding, and circuits; troubleshoot faults; energize according to procedure and hand over work records.

    RC · 47-2111.00

  • Service Unit Operators, Oil and Gas

    Oil and gas service unit operators support work on producing wells or assist with well obstructions under an approved plan, documenting equipment, conditions, and handoffs.

    RC · 47-5013.00

  • Advertising and promotions managers

    Advertising and promotions managers bring audience research, messaging, creative work, budgets and placements into a campaign. They define who reviews the material, who approves it and what success looks like.

    ECA · 11-2011.00

  • Atmospheric and Space Scientists

    Atmospheric and space scientists interpret observations from stations, instruments, satellites or radar. Roles may emphasize research, forecasting or reports.

    IRC · 19-2021.00

  • Animal Control Workers

    Start with a report: who logs it, who verifies it, and who can accept a handover? U.S. SOC 33-9011 can involve animal control, shelter intake, investigations and enforcement. In mainland China, check local responsibilities, the job and its authority.

    RCI · 33-9011.00

  • Film and Video Editors

    Edit moving images on film, video, or other media, possibly working with producers or directors to organize footage for final production and possibly editing or synchronizing soundtracks: organize and assemble raw footage into a complete work according to scripts or director and producer requirements; review all materials to become familiar with their content before assembling them; select and combine the most effective shots in each scene into a coherent narrative; trim segments to specified lengths and reassemble them for the best effect; switch camera angles at specific points within scenes for smooth, seamless edits; insert and sequence music, dialogue, and sound effects and correct errors; mark starting and ending frames of shots or sounds and use editing, titling, switching, and digital effects equipment to complete the production; check key numbers and timecodes; collaborate with audio, visual, music, optical, or special effects departments on sound, picture, and graphics processing; review assembled productions on monitors to determine whether corrections are needed; study scripts, attend screenings, and discuss editing direction with producers or directors.

    AC · 27-4032.00

  • Barbers

    Barbers confirm the length, shape and service before cutting, trimming or styling. They follow the shop’s hygiene rules for tools. Compare quick-cut shops, full-service salons and shop management by workload, skills, hygiene duties and pay arrangement.

    RCS · 39-5011.00

  • Manufactured Building and Mobile Home Installers

    Manufactured building and mobile home installers position and set prefabricated units according to site plans. They check parts, supports and interfaces and coordinate handoffs for work handled by other trades.

    RC · 49-9095.00

  • Metal-Refining Furnace Operators and Tenders

    Metal-Refining Furnace Operators and Tenders (O*NET 51-4051.00) operate or tend furnaces to melt and refine metals and molten steel. High-temperature, lifting, and energy work requires verification against applicable standards.

    RC · 51-4051.00

  • Embalmers

    Under U.S. O*NET-SOC 39-4011.00, embalms human remains per applicable regulations and health requirements: verifies identity and authorization documents, cleans and disinfects, injects embalming fluid, restores and prepares the appearance, and records the handling process and materials used.

    RCS · 39-4011.00

  • Industrial-Organizational Psychologists

    Industrial-organizational psychologists apply psychology and research methods to workplace problems. They may design job analyses, selection procedures, training or organizational surveys and explain where the evidence applies.

    IEC · 19-3032.00

  • Veterinary technologists and technicians

    Veterinary technologists and technicians support sampling, testing, care and recordkeeping under supervision and within local scope rules.

    RIC · 29-2056.00

  • Personal Care Aides

    Personal care aides (O*NET 31-1122.00) help people with illness or disability complete daily activities such as eating, bathing, dressing, toileting, and walking per a service plan, and may also assist with meal preparation, light housework, and social participation. Personal care posts generally provide non-medical services; health-related procedures must be verified separately under local systems, employer authorization, and professional supervision.

    SCR · 31-1122.00

  • Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers

    This page covers O*NET 51-3022.00. Workers cut, debone or trim meat, poultry and fish to specifications in processing operations. They may also weigh products, clean tools and report exceptions to their crew or quality staff.

    RC · 51-3022.00

  • Aerospace Engineers

    Aerospace engineers turn aircraft and spacecraft requirements into designs that can be analyzed and verified. Structures, aerodynamics, systems and testing produce different work: analysis explains assumptions and units; verification links requirements to evidence. Check design, manufacturing, maintenance and certification responsibilities separately.

    IRC · 17-2011.00

  • Hairdressers, Hairstylists, and Cosmetologists

    Hairdressers and hairstylists discuss client needs, provide haircuts, styling and applicable care, and document services and hygiene requirements. This page uses U.S. occupation 39-5012. Barbers (39-5011) are separate. Check Mainland hairdressing, beauty services, shop hygiene and medical aesthetics separately.

    RCS · 39-5012.00

  • Fire-Prevention and Protection Engineers

    Research the causes of fires, determine fire prevention methods, and design or recommend materials and equipment such as structural components and fire detection devices to help organizations protect lives and property from fire, explosion, and related hazards: includes reviewing building drawings and verifying fire code compliance, designing fire detection and alarm systems and suppression devices, evaluating fire protection conditions such as water supply and evacuation exits, testing fire protection components and fire systems, preparing fire protection plans and technical reports, participating in revisions of codes and standards, and providing fire technical consulting and training to building design and construction personnel.

    RIC · 17-2111.02

  • Wind Energy Engineers

    Wind energy engineers analyze layouts, equipment and infrastructure options, documenting model inputs, design revisions and interfaces that require other disciplines’ review.

    RIC · 17-2199.10

  • Dietetic technicians

    Check meal plans, record intake and feedback, verify service and report discrepancies. Qualified technical staff can assist with screening, assessment or meal preparation within applicable rules. A job title or assignment alone does not authorize prescribing.

    SCR · 29-2051.00

  • Layout Workers, Metal and Plastic

    Layout workers read drawings, locate reference points and mark positions or outlines on metal or plastic workpieces. They hand off markings and dimensions that downstream workers can verify.

    RC · 51-4192.00

  • Water resource specialists

    Water resource specialists use watershed, supply and water-quality data to assess options. They document model assumptions and raise uncertainties that could change a decision.

    IRC · 11-9121.02

  • Fundraiser

    Fundraisers help nonprofits or institutions secure support. They explain programs, contact donors or partners, organize campaign activities and track follow-up. A fundraising manager typically has responsibility for the overall program, budget or team.

    ESC · 13-1131.00

  • Architectural and Engineering Managers

    Architectural and engineering managers translate technical goals into budgets, schedules, staffing and reviews. They coordinate changes across disciplines and track who can approve them.

    EIC · 11-9041.00

  • Welding, Soldering, and Brazing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders

    Welding, soldering and brazing machine operators follow the job specification, set up and monitor equipment, check samples and record stoppages. The site assigns changes and restart authority.

    RC · 51-4122.00

  • Electrician Helpers

    Electrician helpers stage tools, conduit and other materials, assist with positioning and handling as assigned, and report discrepancies in labels, counts or locations. Check local qualifications and site authorization for wiring, testing and energizing.

    RC · 47-3013.00

  • Biologists

    Biologists study the structure, functions and relationships of organisms such as plants and animals. Depending on the job, they may design comparisons, observe organisms in the field or lab, organize samples and data, and report findings and limits. Check the actual role for research design, technical support and collection authority. BLS projects the U.S. parent group Biological Scientists, All Other (19-1029) from about 59,600 jobs in 2025 to 62,400 in 2035, up 4.7%, a net gain of about 2,800, with about 4,300 annual openings from growth and replacement. The baseline includes 1.5% self-employment. The data do not isolate biologists.

    ICR · 19-1029.04

  • Critical care nurses

    In the United States critical care nurses correspond to O*NET-SOC 29-1141.03 (Critical Care Nurses) and provide specialty registered nursing to critically ill or injured patients in settings such as intensive care units (ICU/CCU): continuously assess vital signs and laboratory data, administer medication and life support nursing per orders, monitor equipment such as ventilators, ECG monitors, oxygen therapy, and pressure monitoring, identify condition changes such as sepsis or shock and escalate promptly, collaborate with the interprofessional team to develop and revise treatment plans, complete standardized nursing records, handover, and family communication, and take part in quality and process improvement. The preparation level for this occupation is Job Zone Four (most require a four-year bachelor's degree in nursing), and US wage, employment, and industry data are published on O*NET on the parent occupation registered nurse (Registered Nurses) basis; the comparable position on the Chinese side is a registered nurse in hospital critical care medicine departments and intensive care units, where basic practice registration is managed in tiers along with hospital critical care competency admission and high-risk technique authorization, and it cannot be interchanged with the US preparation level.

    SIC · 29-1141.03

  • Fuel Cell Engineers

    Fuel cell engineers design, validate and improve stacks, components or systems for transportation, stationary or portable applications. Typical work includes planning tests, analyzing performance and durability data, and handing off design changes.

    RIC · 17-2141.01

  • Sawing machine setters, operators and tenders, wood

    Wood sawing machine workers prepare materials and set up or monitor cutting, documenting dimensions and rework needs.

    RC · 51-7041.00

  • Sailors and Marine Oilers

    Sailors and marine oilers cover different shipboard assignments. Check deck and engine-room duties, watches, and credentials for the vessel and route.

    RC · 53-5011.00

  • Structural metal fabricators and fitters

    Structural metal fabricators and fitters make, position, and align components from drawings and document fit deviations for review.

    RC · 51-2041.00

  • Chief sustainability officers

    Chief sustainability officers coordinate targets, metrics, projects and reporting evidence across leadership and operating teams.

    EIC · 11-1011.03

  • Floral Designers

    Floral designers carry out work involving this occupation's objects, processes, quality, and delivery; specific tasks, training, qualifications, protocols, and authority must be checked against original local and employer documentation.

    RAC · 27-1023.00

  • Brickmasons and Blockmasons

    Brickmasons and blockmasons lay brick, block or structural tile from drawings and check courses, joints, alignment and corners.

    RC · 47-2021.00

  • Automotive Engineering Technicians

    Automotive engineering technicians help engineers prepare tests, verify instruments and test conditions, record performance or durability data, and flag anomalies. O*NET 17-3027.01 is the detailed role. U.S. pay and employment figures here use the broader mechanical engineering technician group (17-3027).

    RIC · 17-3027.01

  • Disc Jockeys, Except Radio

    Disc Jockeys, Except Radio (United States side, O*NET-SOC 27-2091.00) is a position providing paid music and mood services for clients and live crowds: operating disc jockey controllers and microphones and other audio and video equipment, communicating activity information with clients or venue managers (music preferences, schedule, expected attendance), customizing the playlist by activity segment, assembling audio and video equipment and doing a sound check, selecting tracks and playing and mixing according to crowd preferences and mood, taking guest song requests, operating lighting and smoke and visual equipment and building mood and hosting party games, writing announcement scripts and booking contracts, issuing itemized invoices and promoting services through internet advertising and brochures; and after the event dismantling and inventorying equipment, collecting fees and reviewing and handing off. United States scope: for this occupation the BLS 2025 wage data hourly median is 21.61 US dollars, with hourly percentiles of 13.50／16.91／21.61／37.50／60.17 US dollars; that source publishes only the hourly scope for this occupation and does not publish an annual median wage or annual percentiles, and this page does not convert them on its own. The O*NET summary page gives employment of about 15,400 in 2024, growth of 3% to 4% in 2024—2034 (average) and about 1,500 projected job openings; the preparation level is Job Zone 1-2 (SVP below 6.0), the education feedback is 52% high school or equivalent and 36% less than high school and 4% some college no degree, with on-the-job training from a few days to a year; the interest code is AEC; the work context includes decision freedom very much 72%, use email every day 63%, dealing with external customers or the public extremely important 60%, working hours irregular 60%, public speaking weekly or more 48%, continuous standing 36%, continuous use of hands 44%, noise exposure weekly or more 32%, and level of competition extremely fierce 40%. Chinese mainland scope: this occupation has no uniform access-type individual certificate; holding a commercial performance requires an entity that has obtained a commercial performance operating license according to law to apply for approval under the Regulations on the Administration of Commercial Performances (promulgated by State Council Decree No. 439 of 2005, revised for the fourth time by State Council Decree No. 732 on 2020-11-29) and its implementing rules, and performance venue operating units and individual performers and individual performance brokers must file as prescribed; publicly playing or disseminating musical works must meet copyright and collective management requirements. Public statistics have not established an occupation-level wage scope corresponding to this occupation, and this page truthfully retains the gap.

    AEC · 27-2091.00

  • Bioengineers and biomedical engineers

    Device development turns clinical needs into designs that can be tested. Hospital engineering more often focuses on evaluating equipment, maintenance, quality checks and measurement. Choose a setting first, then check the role’s education, project experience and responsibilities.

    IRC · 17-2031.00

  • Crossing guards and flaggers

    Guide pedestrians or vehicles at assigned crossings, schools or road works. Watch visibility and conflicts and report incidents under the site plan. School crossing and work-zone flagging have different equipment, training and authority.

    RC · 33-9091.00

  • Electrical and Electronic Equipment Assemblers

    Check parts and revisions against the work order, assemble electrical or electronic equipment, record checks and refer discrepancies to quality or the shift lead.

    RCI · 51-2022.00

  • Dental Laboratory Technicians

    Dental laboratory technicians make and repair restorations to a dentist’s order. They check impressions, scans and materials, and document fabrication, inspection and rework. Dentists handle diagnosis, prescriptions, clinical fitting and adjustments. Try the D-01 paper case to see how you feel about checking dimensions and files.

    RIC · 51-9081.00

  • Rail Car Repairer

    Rail car repairers diagnose, adjust, repair or overhaul railroad rolling stock, mine cars or rail transit vehicles: inspect bodies, roofs, doors, bearings, seals, wheels, couplers and other components for defects and wear; remove or replace faulty and worn parts; repair, fabricate and install steel or wooden fittings according to drawings; service electrical controls for propulsion and braking systems; install car ends, crossmembers and interiors and adjust car bodies; test and adjust units before and after repair; record vehicle conditions and maintenance work and perform scheduled maintenance. This page uses the exact U.S. O*NET occupation Rail Car Repairers (49-3043.00). U.S. wages use its OEWS percentiles; unavailable industry-specific medians retain an insufficient-evidence label. No verifiable occupation-specific wage data were obtained for China, so that insufficient-evidence label is also retained.

    RC · 49-3043.00

  • Marine Engineers and Naval Architects

    This page covers O*NET 17-2121.00. Marine engineers and naval architects design and evaluate vessels and their systems. Assignments may focus on hull layout and performance or on propulsion, power and equipment, with drawings, calculations and test records as deliverables.

    RIC · 17-2121.00

  • Public Relations Managers

    Public relations managers develop and manage an organization's external communication strategy, determining target audiences, core messages, media relations, and crisis response procedures; they direct teams in producing press materials, responding to public concerns, and obtaining leadership approval for sensitive releases. The role centers on strategy, resources, and reputation risk decisions and is not equivalent to writing a single article.

    ECS · 11-2032.00

  • Glaziers

    Glaziers check drawings and openings, install glass in windows, storefronts and other surfaces, and record fit, attachment and unresolved issues. Working at height or lifting glass depends on the site and authorization.

    RC · 47-2121.00

  • Construction equipment operator

    Operate powered construction equipment such as excavators, bulldozers, graders, and loaders to excavate, move, and grade; follow site safety rules, inspect equipment, and coordinate with ground personnel.

    RCI · 47-2073.00

  • Motorboat Mechanics and Service Technicians

    Motorboat mechanics and service technicians (O*NET-SOC 49-3051.00) repair and adjust electrical and mechanical equipment on boats with inboard or inboard-outboard engines: start engines and listen for abnormal sounds and vibration; replace oil and filters on schedule; disassemble, inspect, and replace components such as gears and piston rings; adjust carburetors and ignition timing; inspect and repair propellers and drive shafts; repair generators and wiring; install engines in boats and test operation on waterways; and record inspection and test results.

    RC · 49-3051.00

  • Pesticide handlers, sprayers, and applicators, vegetation

    Vegetation pesticide applicators work in assigned areas and record the plots, materials and site conditions. Clear boundaries and job records help a supervisor confirm the area covered.

    RC · 37-3012.00

  • Tire builders

    Tire builders process casings or assemble treads to production requirements and inspect materials and output. Some work in retreading. Batch and process records need to trace back to the casing.

    RC · 51-9197.00

  • Baristas

    Baristas take orders, prepare and serve drinks, check ingredient information, clean their station and hand over open issues. O*NET 35-3023.01 describes barista duties. U.S. wage and outlook figures use the parent occupation, fast food and counter workers (35-3023). The two Mainland examples are historical listings from a Shenzhen chain and a Beijing campus kitchen.

    RSC · 35-3023.01

  • Pressers, Textile, Garment, and Related Materials

    Pressers smooth and shape textiles and garments with hand irons, steam, or pressing equipment, handling, inspecting, and handing over finished pieces according to material and work order. O*NET 51-6021.00 and BLS 51-6021 are a standalone occupation; tasks may also include stain removal, machine cleaning and maintenance, or joining materials, with the actual division of labor depending on the site. Fabric and equipment processes must be verified through training and are not released on paper records alone.

    RC · 51-6021.00

  • Aircraft Structure, Surfaces, Rigging, and Systems Assemblers

    Aircraft structure and systems assemblers position, fit and fasten components using controlled drawings, then measure, document and hand off their work. Structural riveting, control system installation and final assembly can involve different stations and authorizations.

    RC · 51-2011.00

  • Industrial Truck or Forklift Operator

    Industrial truck operators move and stack materials with authorized equipment in warehouses, plants or yards. They coordinate with people working nearby and document handoffs. Training and authorization depend on the equipment and site.

    RC · 53-7051.00

  • Occupational therapy aides

    Occupational therapy aides prepare treatment areas and equipment, escort patients, clean, and handle appointments and forms under the direction of a therapist or occupational therapy assistant; they do not independently develop or implement treatment plans.

    SRC · 31-2012.00

  • Urban and regional planners

    Urban and regional planners turn land, population, transport, facility, and regulatory materials into discussable spatial plans and implementation recommendations, surveying the current situation, comparing alternatives, coordinating public comments, and keeping drawings and text consistent. It is not just drawing attractive maps: indicators, data versions, statutory procedures, and signing responsibility all have to be checked. US occupational statistics and Chinese territorial spatial planning practice conditions are explained separately.

    IEC · 19-3051.00

  • Pourers and Casters, Metal

    Metal pourers and casters (O*NET 51-4052.00) control the flow of molten metal into molds to produce castings or ingots. Their work includes checking the mold and coordinating the handover with the furnace team. Real pouring, molten-metal handling and lifting require site procedures and authorization.

    RC · 51-4052.00

  • Paving, Surfacing, and Tamping Equipment Operators

    Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment operators (O*NET 47-2071.00) run asphalt or concrete paving, leveling, and compacting equipment, working to road elevation, thickness, and the construction plan alongside dump trucks and ground personnel, checking equipment condition and recording anomalies. Before work, on-site traffic control, equipment training, and employer authorization should be verified.

    RC · 47-2071.00

  • Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters

    Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters assemble, install, and repair piping that carries water, steam, air, or gas according to drawings, working with pipe fittings, valves, equipment, and connection points, and checking and recording abnormalities. Pressurized, gas, hot work, and confined space tasks must be carried out according to local regulations, project authorization, and safety procedures; paper exercises do not constitute an operating qualification.

    RC · 47-2152.00

  • Potters, Manufacturing

    Potters, manufacturing operate pug mills, potter's wheels, forming equipment and kilns to turn clay into pottery, stoneware or other ceramic products, and must control forming, drying, glazing, firing and inspection. O*NET 51-9195.05 describes the specific potter tasks; for US wages and employment only broader BLS 51-9195 data were obtained, so the broad occupation values cannot be called potter-specific.

    RC · 51-9195.05

  • Environmental Scientists and Specialists

    Conduct research and investigations to identify, reduce, or eliminate pollutants or hazards affecting the environment and public health: collect and analyze air, water, soil, and other sample data, monitor the effects of pollution and land degradation, apply environmental technical standards and permit reviews, and write scientific conclusions into reports and explain them to institutions, businesses, and the public.

    IRC · 19-2041.00

  • Environmental Scientists and Specialists, Including Health

    Conduct research and investigations to identify, reduce, or eliminate pollutants and hazards affecting the environment and population health: collect and analyze air, water, soil, food, and workplace sample data, assess exposure and health-related hazards, apply environmental and public health technical standards and permit reviews, and write the conclusions into reviewable reports.

    IRC · 19-2041.00

  • Hydrologist

    Hydrologists study how water moves through land and underground systems. They analyze measurements and test models to explain floods, water availability or groundwater changes. Study design and interpretation distinguish the role from routine data collection.

    IRC · 19-2043.00

  • Food Scientists and Technologists

    Food scientists and technologists carry out work involving this occupation's subjects, processes, quality requirements, and deliverables. Specific duties, training, qualifications, agreements, and authorization must be checked against the original requirements of the location and employer.

    IRC · 19-1012.00

  • Forest and Conservation Workers

    O*NET 45-4011.00 Forest and Conservation Workers develop, maintain, or protect forests, woodlands, wetlands, and rangelands through physical labor under supervision.

    RC · 45-4011.00

  • Veterinary assistants and laboratory animal caretakers

    Veterinary assistants and lab animal caretakers feed animals, maintain environments and record observations under supervision.

    RIC · 31-9096.00

  • Floor Layers, Except Carpet, Wood, and Hard Tiles

    Floor layers, except carpet, wood, and hard tiles, work with this occupation’s subjects, processes, quality, and delivery; check specific tasks, training, qualifications, agreements, and authorization against original local and employer documents.

    RC · 47-2042.00

  • Automotive Glass Installers and Repairers

    Automotive glass installers check vehicle and glass specifications, assess whether to repair or replace the glass, and document fitting and inspection. A vehicle with a camera or other equipment may also require a calibration check or handoff. U.S. occupation 49-3022 is separate from body repair.

    RC · 49-3022.00

  • Fence Erectors

    Build and repair fences and fence gates using hand and power tools: lay out the fence line and mark post positions according to drawings or instructions, and confirm there are no cables or water pipes in the work area before digging; dig post holes with shovels, post hole diggers or power augers and set metal or wooden posts vertically and correct plumb with a level and string line; pour concrete at the base of the posts or backfill and tamp them into place; install rails and braces on the posts and saw lumber or cut metal pipe to make rails; stretch wire, wire mesh or chain link fencing and fasten it to the frame; assemble and install fence gates; also build and repair structures such as baffles, retaining walls and trellises; discuss fence needs with clients and estimate and quote; some work involves welding metal parts with portable gas welding equipment, and in special cases rock may be handled by blasting to allow post holes to be dug.

    RC · 47-4031.00

  • Nurse Practitioners

    Nurse Practitioners (O*NET-SOC 29-1171.00, Nurse Practitioners) diagnose and treat acute, episodic, or chronic illness independently or as a member of a healthcare team, with a focus on health promotion and disease prevention; they may order, perform, or interpret diagnostic tests such as laboratory work and imaging and may prescribe medications. This occupation in the United States requires a registered nurse with professional graduate education. This page uses only official sources to explain the occupational scope, tasks, China-U.S. admission differences, and statistical scope.

    ISC · 29-1171.00

  • Wood modelmakers

    Wood modelmakers (O*NET 51-7031.00, Model Makers, Wood) make full-size or scale precision wooden product models, patterns, templates, and fixtures according to blueprints, drawings, or written specifications, including wood jig builders and loft workers. Excludes metal and plastic modelmakers, wood patternmakers, carpenters, wooden furniture making, and mass-production woodworking machine operation.

    RCA · 51-7031.00

  • Natural sciences managers

    Natural sciences managers (O*NET 11-9121.00) plan, direct, or coordinate activities and research and development work in fields such as life sciences, physical sciences, mathematics, and statistics: setting objectives and budgets, organizing research projects, and managing personnel and compliance requirements. This page uses only official sources to explain the occupation scope, tasks, preparation requirements, Chinese and United States statistical scopes, and authorization boundaries.

    IEC · 11-9121.00

  • Helpers—Extraction Workers

    Extraction helpers prepare and move materials, keep work areas orderly, observe equipment or work conditions, and record and report exceptions. Equipment operation, servicing and hazardous tasks have separate training and authorization requirements.

    RC · 47-5081.00

  • Structural iron and steel workers

    Structural iron and steel workers position, erect, and connect members on site and record connection and inspection status.

    RC · 47-2221.00

  • Nanosystems engineers

    Nanosystems engineers (O*NET 17-2199.09) design, develop, or supervise the production of materials, devices, and systems with unique molecular or macromolecular composition, applying nanoscale physics and electrical, chemical, or biological engineering principles; the work centers on design planning, synthesis and characterization, testing and validation, documentation and review, and coordination with suppliers and technicians. This page uses only official sources to explain the occupation scope, tasks, preparation requirements, Chinese and United States statistical scopes, and authorization boundaries.

    IRC · 17-2199.09

  • Emergency medicine physicians

    Emergency medicine physicians assess and care for patients with acute illness or injury, make time-sensitive diagnostic and treatment decisions, and arrange continuing care. This page uses the U.S. O*NET 29-1214.00 occupation; training, licensure and hospital privileges must be checked for the relevant jurisdiction and role.

    ISC · 29-1214.00

  • Coating, painting, and spraying machine setters, operators, and tenders

    Set up, operate, or tend spraying or roll-coating machines that apply coatings or paint using varnish, silver paste, copper, rubber, clear oil, glaze, enamel, oils, or rust-preventive materials to products such as glassware, fabric, ceramics, metal, plastic, paper, or wood, including transportation vehicle painters (such as painters in automotive body repair shops): start and stop equipment and adjust nozzles, flow, and air pressure, apply rust-preventive primer and do seam filling and sealing, monitor the operation and identify and correct appearance defects, inspect and measure or weigh or test samples, disassemble, clean, and reassemble sprayers or power equipment, and dispose of hazardous waste properly and record operating data on the required forms.

    RC · 51-9124.00

  • Welders, Cutters, Solderers, and Brazers

    Welders, cutters, solderers and brazers join or cut materials to workpiece specifications, check dimensions and defects, and report problems within their assignment.

    RC · 51-4121.00

  • Motorboat Operators

    Motorboat operators (O*NET-SOC 53-5022.00) operate small motorboats and may assist with navigation-related activities: operate throttles and steering mechanisms along planned routes and maintain course using compasses or electronic navigation aids; organize and direct crew work, handle mooring and unmooring at docks, and protect passengers and cargo under safety procedures; direct emergency safety responses, report navigation hazards, and maintain equipment such as fire extinguishers, lines, and pumps.

    RCE · 53-5022.00

  • Solar Energy Systems Engineers

    Analyze sites, energy demand and solar system options, carry out photovoltaic or solar thermal design, performance assessment and technical review, and support installation and commissioning. The core output is an engineering solution with inputs, assumptions, calculations and version bases; design advice, construction implementation, professional signing and project approval each have their own responsibility boundaries.

    RIC · 17-2199.11

  • Agricultural equipment operators

    Agricultural equipment operators drive or tend machines for field work, check coverage and record anomalies. Operation, repair and safety actions follow the assigned equipment and procedures.

    RC · 45-2091.00

  • Rotary Drill Operators, Oil and Gas

    Oil and gas rotary drill operators operate or monitor drilling equipment and document shift conditions and anomalies for handoff.

    RC · 47-5012.00

  • Demonstrators and product promoters

    Demonstrate products in stores or at booths, explain use and limits, answer questions and log common questions. Before taking a shift, ask whether it includes tastings, checkout or stock duties.

    EC · 41-9011.00

  • Pile driver operators

    Pile driver operators run pile driving rigs according to the construction plan and site signals, driving piles into the foundation to support buildings, bridges, or wharves. The core is pre-shift inspection, pile position and hammer position control, observing abnormalities, and stopping work on instruction; paper exercises must not be treated as authorization to operate real equipment.

    RC · 47-2072.00

  • Conservation Scientist

    Conservation scientists manage, improve and conserve natural resources and improve their use without harming the environment; conduct soil surveys, develop plans to prevent soil erosion or conserve rangelands, and guide land users on soil/water conservation and improvement.

    IRC · 19-1031.00

  • Painting and Plastering Helpers

    Painting and plastering helpers stage and deliver materials and tools for painting, paperhanging, plastering or stucco crews. They check labels and counts, protect assigned surfaces and clean work areas. Ask the site lead about ventilation, protective controls, tools and work at height.

    RC · 47-3014.00

  • Shampooers

    Shampooers prepare and provide hair washing under salon procedures, confirm customer needs, and route questions to the responsible staff member.

    RSC · 39-5093.00

  • Tile and stone setters

    Tile and stone setters translate a design layout to the wall or floor and check piece dimensions, orientation and joints. A natural stone job may also call for matching the appearance to an approved sample.

    RC · 47-2044.00

  • Adapted physical education specialists

    Adapted physical education specialists adjust activities, rules and equipment to help students participate, document learning and collaborate with PE teachers and special education teams. Teaching, support-plan decisions and clinical care each have their own authorization.

    SCR · 25-2059.01

  • Environmental Economists

    Use economic principles and statistical techniques to assess the costs, benefits, and impacts of environmental protection and natural resource use options, and produce reviewable research conclusions and policy recommendations.

    IEC · 19-3011.01

  • Derrick Operators, Oil and Gas

    Derrick operators, oil and gas (United States 47-5011.00) are responsible for derrick inspection, mud circulation and reporting, tripping coordination and equipment maintenance. In 2025 the United States national median annual wage is 58,620 USD; the BLS2025—2035 projection is growth of 2% and a net increase of 200 people. The older 2024—2034 annual average openings of about 1,000 include growth and replacement and cannot be spliced with the new projection. In China, verify training and qualifications according to unit category, the actual work items and onshore/offshore special requirements; special operation certificates are renewed on expiry, and the new catalogue assessment for offshore drillers is implemented from June 1, 2028 onward. Comparable evidence on Chinese occupational wages and on generative AI adoption and effects in this narrow occupation has not been obtained; see each section for details.

    RC · 47-5011.00

  • Bus and Truck Mechanics and Diesel Engine Specialists

    Bus and truck mechanics diagnose and repair commercial vehicles and diesel engines, then document what the repair resolved.

    RCI · 49-3031.00

  • Riggers

    Riggers prepare, inspect, and maintain rigging for lifting or setup. Signaling, equipment operation, and approval depend on the work assignment.

    RC · 49-9096.00

  • Automotive Engineers

    Automotive engineers define vehicle or component requirements, compare design options, plan verification and track cross-team changes and open risks. O*NET 17-2141.02 is the automotive specialization. U.S. wages and employment use the broader mechanical engineer group (17-2141).

    RIC · 17-2141.02

  • Solar thermal installers and technicians

    Solar thermal installers and technicians install or service systems that collect, store, and circulate solar-heated water. Work and signoff follow project assignments.

    RC · 47-2152.04

  • Clinical nurse specialists

    Guide nursing staff in delivering patient care in clinical practice settings and ensure that nursing follows established clinical policies and procedures and regulations and standards: observe and interview and assess patients to identify care needs, provide direct and indirect care within a designated specialty, develop and maintain nursing practice standards and department policies, evaluate the quality and effectiveness of nursing practice or organizational systems and design improvements, guide and mentor nursing staff and deliver training, and provide consultation and clinical advice to the team and patients.

    SIC · 29-1141.04

  • Sheet Metal Workers

    Sheet metal workers fabricate, assemble, or install sheet metal parts from drawings and check dimensions, interfaces, and delivery scope.

    RC · 47-2211.00

  • Animal Breeders

    Animal breeders use pedigree, trait and health records to make breeding selections and track animals. Veterinary duties and permits depend on the operation and jurisdiction.

    RCI · 45-2021.00

  • Millwrights

    Millwrights (O*NET 49-9044.00) install, dismantle, repair, and calibrate industrial machinery and equipment, including leveling, alignment, assembly, weld repairs, and troubleshooting.

    RC · 49-9044.00

  • Roofers

    Roofers install, maintain, or repair roofing materials to project requirements and record work areas and inspection status.

    RC · 47-2181.00

  • Educational, Guidance, and Career Counselors and Advisors

    Educational, Guidance, and Career Counselors and Advisors (United States side O*NET-SOC 21-1012.00, Educational, Guidance, and Career Counselors and Advisors) is a guidance and counseling post in schools and institutions and agencies: providing students and job seekers with academic and career and further study and employment guidance and counseling and assessment and planning; the work includes assessing students' and clients' abilities and interests and needs and backgrounds, providing individual and group counseling and career planning, explaining assessment results and helping form academic and further study and employment and financial aid and life plans, assisting with course selection and applications and interviews and job search preparation, collaborating with teachers and parents and employers and institutions and agencies, maintaining interview and follow-up and confidentiality and referral records, handling confidentiality and informed consent and exceptions according to ethics, assessing and referring and reporting crises and high-risk situations according to the process, designing and implementing lectures and courses and programs and activities and evaluating their effects, carrying out prevention and advocacy and resource connection, and taking part in supervision and training and professional development. United States basis: BLS 2025 wage data median 64,330 USD per year (30.93 USD per hour; that source provides only the median and does not provide the 10/25/75/90 percentiles); the O*NET summary page gives 2024 employment of about 376,300, a 2024—2034 projection of "average (Average, 3% to 4%)" and about 31,000 projected openings for 2024—2034 (total for the projection period); the preparation level is Job Zone Five (SVP 8.0 and above), the interest code is SCE, and there are 35 tasks; the BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook separately gives growth of 3% and an average of about 27,800 openings per year on the 2025—2035 basis. Mainland China basis: the qualifications and training and supervision for posts related to school mental health education and career guidance follow the relevant provisions of education administrative departments and institutions, and where teaching and education work is involved the corresponding teaching qualification should be obtained in accordance with the Teachers Law of the People's Republic of China and the Regulations on Teacher Qualifications; this occupation is not equivalent to a clinical psychology or medical diagnosis post. Public statistics have not established an occupation-level wage basis corresponding to this occupation, and this page preserves the gap faithfully, with the industry average wage serving only as a visible industry proxy.

    SCE · 21-1012.00

  • Social and Community Service Managers

    Social and community service managers coordinate programs, staff, budgets, and participation requirements and review service delivery.

    ESC · 11-9151.00

  • Environmental Restoration Planners

    Collaborate with field and biological staff to develop and supervise the implementation of habitat and ecological restoration projects; collect and analyze environmental data, synthesize complex scientific material into schemes usable for restoration, monitoring, and management, obtain permits, and inspect on-site compliance.

    IRC · 19-2041.02

  • Materials Scientist

    Materials scientists study how composition, structure and processing relate to material properties. They design experiments, interpret measurements and explain uncertainty. Findings may support publications or later engineering trials.

    IRC · 19-2032.00

  • Fiberglass Laminators and Fabricators

    Lay up layers of fiberglass and resin on molds to make hulls and decks, golf cart and automobile bodies, and other fiberglass reinforced plastic products: inspect, clean and assemble molds and apply mold release wax and varnish to the mold surface; mix catalyst into resin and saturate fiber cloth and fiber mat with a brush; select and cut fiber mat, fiber cloth and wooden reinforcement materials; lay the saturated fiber layers onto the mold by hand or with a squeegee and use rollers to remove air bubbles and flatten seams; repeatedly apply resin layers to the mold surface until the required thickness is reached; cure the material by leaving it at room temperature, using heat lamps or an oven; trim excess material with hand shears or a trim knife and saw cured parts with a diamond cutting blade; measure with calipers or micrometers and inspect visually and by tapping to check whether the finished part meets specifications and has no bubbles or voids, and repair or modify defective fiberglass parts; mask areas that are not to be laminated and verify that the mold, templates and cutting templates match the drawings or customer specifications.

    RC · 51-2051.00

  • Patient Representatives

    Patient representatives help patients understand services and policies, identify barriers to care, coordinate communication among patients, families, and care teams, and refer to appropriate resources; clinical decisions remain with clinical staff.

    SIC · 29-2099.08

  • Construction Laborers

    Construction laborers do physical work on construction sites, operating pneumatic breakers, tampers and small machines to clear sites, excavate trenches, erect formwork and scaffolding, move materials and clear waste, and assist other skilled trades.

    RC · 47-2061.00

  • Refractory materials repairers (except brickmasons)

    Refractory materials repairers inspect and repair heat-resistant linings in equipment such as furnaces and kilns, then document materials, locations, and inspection status.

    RC · 49-9045.00

  • Genetic Counselor

    Genetic counselors gather family and medical information, explain genetic findings and limitations, and help people understand options within their scope. They may coordinate with clinicians and laboratories.

    ISC · 29-9092.00

  • Excavating and Loading Machine and Dragline Operators, Surface Mining

    Operate or tend machinery equipped with scoops, shovels, or buckets in surface mining sites to strip, excavate, and load loose materials: work according to the excavation plan and elevation markings, inspect and adjust equipment before work, coordinate with haulage and signal personnel, follow safety procedures, and record operations and equipment condition.

    RC · 47-5022.00

  • Speech-language pathologists

    Speech-language pathologists assess and treat communication difficulties. Some roles also address swallowing. Schools focus on access to learning, while hospital work emphasizes clinical assessment and handover. Check the job duties, training requirements and supervision in your target setting.

    SIC · 29-1127.00

  • Motorcycle Mechanics

    Motorcycle Mechanics (O*NET-SOC 49-3052.00) diagnose, adjust, repair, or overhaul motorcycles, scooters, mopeds, dirt bikes, and similar motorized vehicles. Work centers on fault diagnosis and disassembly inspection, parts replacement and assembly calibration, chassis and transmission system repair, test-ride verification, and delivery records.

    RCI · 49-3052.00

  • Highway Maintenance Worker

    Highway maintenance workers inspect and maintain roads and roadside features. Duties can include cleaning, minor repairs, drainage work and reporting hazards to a supervisor. Assignments vary by crew and season.

    RC · 47-4051.00

  • Foundry Mold and Coremakers

    Foundry mold and coremakers form the molds or cores used to make metal castings. A mold defines the outside shape; a core can create a cavity inside the casting. Ask whether a vacancy centers on hand work, machine operation or both.

    RC · 51-4071.00

  • Photonics Engineers

    Photonics engineers turn optical performance needs into designs and test requirements. Prototype data helps them identify which specifications are met and where a design needs revision.

    RIC · 17-2199.07

  • Musical Instrument Repairers and Tuners

    Musical Instrument Repairers and Tuners (O*NET 49-9063.00) repair percussion, stringed, reed, and wind instruments and may specialize in an area such as piano tuning. They inspect and assess instrument condition, disassemble and replace parts, adjust string tension and tuning, repair wood or metal damage, and accurately document repairs and handover. This page uses only official sources to explain occupational scope, tasks, preparation requirements, Chinese and U.S. statistical scopes, and authorization boundaries.

    RCA · 49-9063.00

  • Pipelayers

    Pipelayers lay pipe sections in trenches or in drainage and municipal water supply projects, verify the trench subgrade elevation, pipe position, and joint sealing, and backfill according to the construction plan. Real trench, lifting, and underground utility work must follow on-site safety rules; paper exercises do not constitute operating authorization.

    RC · 47-2151.00

  • Carpet installers

    Carpet installers measure floors, plan cuts and seams, lay underlay and finish edges. Batch and pile direction affect the result.

    RC · 47-2041.00

  • Stone Cutters and Carvers, Manufacturing

    Manufacturing stone cutters and carvers shape stone to drawings or patterns and check dimensions, depth, and finish.

    RAC · 51-9195.03

  • Climate change policy analysts

    Research and analyse climate change related policy developments and make climate-related recommendations for action such as legislation and awareness-raising activities or fundraising methods: collect and review research and regulations and data, analyse and distil research conclusions, write research reports and briefs and testimony, present and defend at meetings and in public, promote mitigation action and education and outreach, and prepare grant applications to obtain funding for projects.

    IEC · 19-2041.01

  • Reinforcing iron and rebar workers

    Rebar workers position and secure reinforcing bars or mesh for concrete according to drawings, then record dimensions, locations, and open checks.

    RC · 47-2171.00

  • Health Education Specialists

    Health education specialists identify learning needs, design or review educational materials and activities, track reach and feedback, and coordinate programme improvements.

    SIC · 21-1091.00

  • Carpenters

    Carpenters measure, cut, install or repair wood components, check dimensions and flag discrepancies at the site.

    RC · 47-2031.00

  • Dredge operators

    Dredge operators (U.S. side O*NET-SOC 53-7031.00, Dredge Operators) are the dredge operator positions for dredging and waterway maintenance: they operate a dredge to remove sand and gravel or other materials in order to excavate and maintain navigable channels in waterways; the work includes positioning the dredge with control levers for excavation and engaging the hydraulic pump and raising and lowering the suction arm and controlling cutter rotation, starting and stopping the engine to operate equipment, operating power winches to pay out and haul in lines to adjust vessel position or handling lines by hand, pumping water to flush the mechanical pipeline, lowering the spud with the winch to check the excavation depth or reading the depth gauge to determine the excavation depth, directing or assisting workers in laying out shore anchors and lines and laying the pipeline from the dredge to shore and pontoon drainage, and adjusting the excavation line and depth based on survey and depth data, performing routine maintenance on dredge equipment (such as changing oil), discharging slurry and spoil in designated areas, and recording excavation and discharge data and reporting and handing over when anomalies occur. U.S. definition: the BLS 2025 wage data median is 49,640 USD per year (23.86 USD per hour), with annual percentiles of 41,080 / 46,430 / 49,640 / 62,070 / 74,140 USD (hourly percentiles 19.75 / 22.32 / 23.86 / 29.84 / 35.65); the O*NET summary page gives 2024 employment of about 1,100, a 2024—2034 projection of 'slower than average (Slower than average, 1% to 2%)', and about 100 projected job openings (that source gives only the category and range rather than a single precise percentage, and this page follows the source wording); the preparation level is Job Zone 1-2 (SVP below 6.0), the education feedback is 80% high school or equivalent and 9% postsecondary certificate and 7% less than high school, the interest code is RC, and there are 7 tasks; the work context includes continuous contact with others 43%, face-to-face discussions every day 95%, telephone conversations every day 24% (another 39% never), email use 'never' 89%, teamwork 'extremely important' 34%, decision freedom 'very large' 39%, precision or accuracy 'very important' 19%, time pressure every day 13%, work hours 'regular (fixed schedule)' 72%, standing 'about half the time' 52%, exposure to hazardous equipment 'every day' 64%, exposure to whole-body vibration 'every day' 40%, wearing common protective or safety equipment 'every day' 97%, exposure to noise 'every day' 69%, exposure to extreme heat or extreme cold 'weekly or more' 35%, outdoor exposure to all kinds of weather 'every day' 81%, and consequences of error 'extremely serious' 13% (another 30% very serious). Mainland China definition: carrying out permitted overwater and underwater operations in jurisdictional sea areas and inland navigable waters requires a permit from the maritime administration and a designated safe work zone (Provisions of the People's Republic of China on Navigation Safety Administration of Overwater and Underwater Operations and Activities, Ministry of Transport Order No. 24 of 2021, with waterway maintenance dredging excluded); carrying out navigation channel construction and dredging of navigation channels and waters in front of wharves in inland navigable waters should be reported to the maritime administration for approval (Article twenty-five, paragraph one, item (six) of the Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Inland Waterway Traffic Safety Administration); the department responsible for waterway management carrying out waterway maintenance activities that affect navigation, such as waterway dredging and obstacle clearance, should set up prominent operation signs and take necessary safety measures and give advance notice to the maritime administration (Article nineteen, paragraph two of the Waterways Law of the People's Republic of China); vessels should meet minimum safe manning requirements and be crewed by personnel holding qualified and valid certificates (the Minimum Safe Manning Rules of the People's Republic of China and Article thirty-three of the Maritime Traffic Safety Law of the People's Republic of China). Except for Order No. 24 and Article nineteen, paragraph two of the Waterways Law, the parts above are cited by regulation name and general requirements without verifying article numbers one by one. This occupation has no unified access-type occupational qualification in mainland China. Public statistics have not established an occupation-level wage definition corresponding to this occupation, and this page preserves the gap as it stands.

    RC · 53-7031.00

  • Earth drillers, except oil and gas

    Earth drillers operate drilling equipment for water wells, mineral exploration, soil investigations and construction or mining holes. Duties vary by project: coring, well development and drilling blast holes are possible tasks, not a requirement that every worker performs all of them. In mainland China, the work overlaps with geological exploration drillers (4-08-07-01); project scope, employer training and applicable work-safety requirements need separate checks.

    RCI · 47-5023.00

  • Training and development managers

    Plan, organise and evaluate employee learning programmes, coordinating courses, instructors, budgets and implementation; support improvement with needs and result evidence, and confirm professional, data and approval responsibility with the actual organisation.

    ESC · 11-3131.00

  • Graphic Designer

    Graphic designers organize visual information for audiences. They create layouts and visual systems for print or digital materials, explain design choices and prepare files for delivery.

    AC · 27-1024.00

  • Painters, Construction and Maintenance.

    Protect the site per the work order, clean, patch, and sand the substrate, and after choosing the coating apply it with a brush, roller, or spray gun, then inspect adhesion, coverage, and surface quality and clean up and hand over.

    RC · 47-2141.00

  • Industrial Ecologists

    Industrial ecologists study material and energy use, waste and releases across industrial activities and how processes and sites connect. Deliverables may include inventories, scope and assumptions, comparisons and recommendations.

    IRC · 19-2041.03

  • Agents and business managers of artists, performers and athletes

    Agents and business managers find opportunities, negotiate terms and coordinate agreements for clients. Authority to promise dates, fees or sign depends on the client’s instructions and applicable rules.

    ESC · 13-1011.00

  • Segmental Pavers

    Segmental pavers lay out, cut, and install paving units, documenting edges, coverage, and areas awaiting review.

    RC · 47-4091.00

  • Physical therapist assistants

    U.S. physical therapist assistants deliver assigned care under a physical therapist’s supervision, observe changes and report back. Similar mainland job titles can mean helping a rehabilitation technician or operating equipment only. Check the actual job and local credentials before choosing training.

    SRC · 31-2021.00

  • Sewers, Hand

    Hand sewers stitch, reinforce, and finish products against samples or work orders, then check materials and finish quality.

    RC · 51-6051.00

  • School psychologists

    School psychologists gather evidence about learning, behavior, and development and work with schools and families to assess and review supports. Professional authority depends on the setting.

    SIC · 19-3034.00

  • Tire repairers and changers

    Tire repairers and changers inspect tires and wheels and perform removal, installation or balancing checks according to the work order. Service records identify the wheel position and work completed.

    RC · 49-3093.00

  • Hoist and Winch Operators

    Hoist and winch operators lift or pull loads with powered cable equipment. They watch gauges and signals, assist with loading and unloading, and record equipment status and unresolved exceptions under site procedures. The U.S. O*NET occupation 53-7041.00 centers on powered cable lifting and pulling.

    RC · 53-7041.00

  • Psychiatric Aides

    Psychiatric aides help with daily activities under nursing and medical staff direction and report observations during handoff. Duties depend on the setting.

    SIC · 31-1133.00

  • Automotive Body and Glass Repairers

    Body repairers assess structural and panel damage, record measurements, plan repairs or replacements and check work against manufacturer requirements. Glass repair is an adjacent role. The main U.S. figures here are for body and related repairers (49-3021), with glass and combined figures shown separately.

    RC · 49-3021.00

  • Etchers and Engravers

    Etch or engrave patterns, lettering, and markings on materials such as metal, wood, rubber, glass, and plastic: read drawings and samples, prepare workpieces and etching chemicals, set equipment parameters, use hand and machine tools to complete etching and engraving, and check etch depth, evenness, and appearance quality.

    RAC · 51-9194.00

  • Floor sanders and finishers

    Floor sanders and finishers carry out work around this occupation's objects, processes, quality and delivery; specific tasks, training, qualifications, agreements and authorisation must be verified against local and employer original texts.

    RC · 47-2043.00

  • Bicycle Repairers

    Bicycle repairers check the customer’s description, bike and parts, inspect brakes, gears and wheels, and document work and rechecks. U.S. statistics use 49-3091. The Mainland category also covers e-bikes. This page presents Jining’s historical wage table and public fleet service examples separately.

    RC · 49-3091.00

  • Grounds Maintenance Worker

    Grounds maintenance workers keep lawns and planted areas in usable condition across parks, campuses and other properties. They record issues and coordinate handoffs across the site. U.S. statistics here are for occupation 37-3011.

    RC · 37-3011.00

  • Microbiologists

    Microbiologists (O*NET 19-1022.00) study the growth, structure, and characteristics of microorganisms such as bacteria, algae, and fungi, including medical microbiology. Verify biosafety and ethics requirements by jurisdiction.

    IRC · 19-1022.00

  • Cabinetmakers and Bench Carpenters

    Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters cut, join and finish parts from drawings and check fit during assembly.

    RC · 51-7011.00

  • Roof Bolters, Mining

    Mining roof bolters install supports under site plans and record locations and inspection status. Authorized staff confirm support status.

    RC · 47-5043.00

  • Ambulance Drivers and Attendants (Except EMTs)

    This role drives or assists on an ambulance and helps prepare the vehicle, restock supplies and hand over information. U.S. occupation 53-3011 excludes EMTs. Duties depend on training, local rules and employer authorization. Mainland driving, stretcher support and medical rescue roles have separate requirements.

    RSC · 53-3011.00

  • Roustabouts, Oil and Gas

    Oilfield roustabouts support equipment assembly, materials handling, and repair tasks as assigned and route issues that need specialist attention.

    RC · 47-5071.00

  • Home Health Aides

    Home health aides help with daily activities under a written care plan, record observations, and report changes to the responsible team. Permitted health-related tasks depend on instructions, training and local rules.

    SRC · 31-1121.00

  • Terrazzo workers and finishers

    Terrazzo workers and finishers lay out dividers and materials to the design, place and finish the surface, and compare the result with an approved sample.

    RC · 47-2053.00

  • Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and Greenhouse

    Manually plant, cultivate, and harvest vegetables, fruits, nuts, horticultural specialties, and field crops: use hand tools such as shovels, trowels, hoes, tampers, pruning hooks, shears, and knives to prepare soil, fertilize, transplant, weed, thin, and prune according to plans; identify plants, pests, and weeds and apply pesticides and fertilizers as directed; set up and operate irrigation equipment and adjust greenhouse and seedbed conditions; manually pick fruits and vegetables and wash, grade, sort, pack, and load products; record pesticide use, yields, and costs, report crop progress to farmers or managers, and maintain work areas, fences, and farm facilities.

    RC · 45-2092.00

  • Fallers

    Use axes or chainsaws to fell trees, controlling the fall direction per species characteristics and cutting technique and reducing tree damage; this includes judging tree lean and tilt direction, determining the notch position and depth, driving wedges or using jacks to control the fall direction, clearing the work area and escape routes, bucking logs to specification and verifying quality and length, and maintaining chainsaws and related equipment; the work assumes on-site safety and operating procedures.

    RC · 45-4021.00

  • Plasterers and stucco masons

    Plasterers and stucco masons check substrates, protect adjacent surfaces and apply and finish coats to the job specification. Review includes comparing the finished appearance with the specified sample.

    RC · 47-2161.00

  • Hand Grinder and Polisher

    Hand grinders and polishers use hand tools or manually guided equipment to remove defects, smooth surfaces and check the finish. They can work with different materials. This role differs from setting up a production grinding machine.

    RC · 51-9022.00

  • Cement Masons and Concrete Finishers

    Cement masons and concrete finishers level and finish surfaces, check slopes and elevations and document issues for the next crew.

    RC · 47-2051.00

  • Jewelers and Precious Stone and Metal Workers

    Jewelers and precious stone and metal workers make, finish or repair jewelry. They check metal parts, settings, dimensions and finishes against a design. Stone cutting, grading and jewelry fabrication have different outputs.

    RAC · 51-9071.00

  • Animal Care and Service Workers

    At a boarding or exhibit handover, identify who takes intake, who records observations and who follows up. The U.S. statistics here cover animal caretakers, SOC 39-2021. Training and veterinary treatment have separate duties.

    RSC · 39-2021.00

  • Animal Caretakers

    Daily animal care starts with feeding, cleaning, observation and handover. Ask which animals you would care for and who takes over if something changes. U.S. data use SOC 39-2021. Check actual duties and treatment authority separately in mainland China.

    RSC · 39-2021.00

  • Rock Splitters, Quarry

    Quarry rock splitters separate rough stone blocks and record material and dimensions for processing or handoff.

    RC · 47-5051.00

  • Drywall and ceiling tile installers

    Drywall and ceiling tile installers (U.S. side O*NET-SOC 47-2081.00, Drywall and Ceiling Tile Installers) are the drywall and ceiling panel installation positions in building interior fit-out: they install paper-faced drywall or other wallboard to building ceilings or interior walls and install or secure acoustic tiles or blocks or strips or sheet vibration-damping material to ceilings and walls to damp or reflect sound and decorate rooms, and also secure wood or metal or rock wool lath to walls and ceilings or partitions as the supporting substrate for plaster or fire protection or acoustic material; the work includes studying the drawings and specifications to determine the installation method and sequence and materials and tools, measuring and laying out and marking according to the drawings, installing metal or wood studs and hangers and lath substrate and insulation and moisture barrier, cutting and assembling stud frames, hoisting and securing drywall and ceiling panels and acoustic tiles, measuring and cutting openings for outlets and windows and air grilles and ducts and irregular and corner boards and trimming panel edges and providing expansion joints, installing frames and decorative trim and ceiling wires and angle grid, sealing ceiling-to-wall joints, coordinating joint treatment with the tapers, inspecting the verticality and levelness of suspension fittings and mechanical fasteners and masonry surfaces, and removing existing plaster or panels and cleaning up and closing out. U.S. definition: the BLS 2025 wage data median is 58,930 USD per year (28.33 USD per hour), with annual percentiles of 38,460 / 47,440 / 58,930 / 74,230 / 102,010 USD (hourly percentiles 18.49 / 22.81 / 28.33 / 35.69 / 49.04); the O*NET summary page gives 2024 employment of about 103,100, a 2024—2034 projection of 'average (Average, 3% to 4%)', and about 7,700 projected job openings (that source gives only the category and range rather than a single precise percentage, and this page follows the source wording); the preparation level is Job Zone 1-2 (SVP below 6.0), the education feedback is 42% less than high school graduation and 24% high school or equivalent and 19% postsecondary certificate (that page shows only these three, totaling 85%), the interest code is RC, and there are 24 tasks; the work context includes standing continuously 92%, continuous use of hands 83%, continuous contact with others 88%, exposure to heights every day 72%, continuous walking or running 78%, face-to-face discussions every day 68%, time pressure every day 52%, decision freedom 'very large' 54%, precision or accuracy 'extremely important' 37%, decisions every day 74%, wearing common protective or safety equipment every day 61%, responsibility for the health and safety of others 'very high responsibility' 45%, competition 'extremely fierce' 43%, continuous climbing of ladders or scaffolds 47%, continuous bending or twisting 52%, minor burns or cuts every day 34%, exposure to hazardous equipment 'every day' 20%, consequences of error 'extremely serious' 30%, continuous kneeling, squatting, bending, or crawling 31%, work hours 'regular' 94%, and automation level 'not automated at all' 55%. Mainland China definition: ceiling works should be carried out in accordance with the current national standard Standard for Construction Quality Acceptance of Building Decoration (GB 50210-2018) and this project's design documents (including material conformity certificates and performance test reports and incoming inspection records and retest reports and concealed works acceptance records and construction records; before installing studs, carry out handover inspection of the room's clear height and opening elevations and the elevations of pipes and equipment and their supports within the ceiling as required by the design; the hanger distance from the end of the main stud must not exceed 300mm and reverse bracing is provided when the hanger length exceeds 1500mm; heavy equipment and equipment with vibration loads must never be installed on the studs of ceiling works; a steel transfer layer is provided when the hanger length exceeds 2500mm); working at height should follow the Technical Code for Safety of Working at Height in Building Construction (JGJ 80) and the Regulations on the Administration of Construction Project Work Safety (State Council Order No. 393) and the Work Safety Law of the People's Republic of China, with stable platforms and protection installed and protective equipment such as safety harnesses worn. The above is cited by standard and regulation name and verified key points, and article numbers were not verified one by one. This occupation has no unified access-type occupational qualification in mainland China. Public statistics have not established an occupation-level wage definition corresponding to this occupation, this page preserves the gap as it stands, and industry average wages serve only as a visible industry proxy.

    RC · 47-2081.00

  • Shoe and Leather Workers and Repairers

    Shoe and leather workers and repairers make, decorate, or repair leather or leather-like products such as shoes, luggage, and harnesses, handling materials to patterns, stitching or cementing components, assembling and finishing, and inspecting for defects. The finished product's dimensions, connections, appearance, and repair records are the actual deliverables; the materials, tools, and authority for footwear manufacturing, custom work, and repair must be checked separately.

    RCA · 51-6041.00

  • Furniture Finishers

    Furniture finishers bring new, worn or damaged furniture to a specified color and finish. Tasks may include inspecting the substrate and existing finish, repairing defects, sanding, staining and checking against an approved sample.

    RAC · 51-7021.00

Take the free Holland career interest assessment